JK  1899  . A6  H3  1899  v.2 
Harper,  Ida  Husted,  1851- 
1931. 

The  life  and  work  of  Susan 
B.  Anthony 


7*  a 


1 


* 


* 


%t 


SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY, 

In  the  California  Campaign,  1896. 


THE  LIFE  AND  WORK 


J' 

SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY 


INCLUDING  PUBLIC  ADDRESSES,  HER  OWN  LETTERS 
AND  MANY  FROM  HER  CONTEMPORARIES 
DURING  FIFTY  YEARS 


IDA  HUSTED  HARPER 


B  Story  of  the  Evolution  of  the  Status  of  CQoman 


IN  TWO  VOLUMES 

VOLUME  II 

ILLUSTRATED  WITH  PORTRAITS,  PICTURES  OF  HOMES,  ETC. 


INDIANAPOLIS  AND  KANSAS  CITY 

THE  BOWEN-MERRILL  COMPANY 

1898 


Copyright  1898 


BY 

THE  BOWEN-MERRILL  COMPANY 


TO  WOMAN,  FOR  WHOSE  FREEDOM 
SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY 

HAS  GIVEN  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  NOBLE  ENDEAVOR 
THIS  BOOK  IS  DEDICATED 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS, 

VOL.  II. 


CHAPTER  XXX. 

A 

Political  Candidates — Writing  the  History.  (1880-1881.) .  515-532 

Miss  Anthony’s  rallying  cry;  letter  on  death  of  sister;  Conven¬ 
tion  at  Indianapolis ;  Mass  Meeting  in  Farwell  Hall,  Chicago ; 
suffrage  advocates  neither  unmarried  nor  childless ;  Republican 
National  Convention  refuses  even  “  recognition  ”  plank  of  former 
years;  Greenback-Labor  Convention  passes  Woman  Suffrage  res¬ 
olution  in  spite  of  Dennis  Kearney ;  Democratic  Convention  at 
Cincinnati  receives  ladies  with  great  courtesy  but  ignores  their 
claims ;  tribute  of  Commercial ;  Prohibition  Convention  adopts 
Suffrage  plank ;  interviews  with  Garfield  and  Hancock ;  cor¬ 
respondence  of  General  Garfield  and  Miss  Anthony  on  Woman 
Suffrage ;  martyrdom  to  writing  the  History ;  Thirteenth  Wash¬ 
ington  Convention  and  memorial  service  to  Lucretia  Mott ;  ridic¬ 
ulous  press  items  on  Skye  terrier ;  letter  on  sparing  parents  for 
children’s  sake;  first  volume  of  History  issued. 


CHAPTER  XXXI. 

The  Legacy — Nebraska  Campaign — Off  for  Europe.  (1881-1882- 

1883.) . . .  533-550 

National  Association  in  Boston;  badge  presented  Miss  Anthony 
by  Philadelphia  Citizens’  Suffrage  Association ;  comments  of 
Traveller  and  Globe;  sweep  of  New  England;  tribute  of  Zerelda 
G.  Wallace;  no  welcome  for  Miss  Anthony  in  Albany;  letter  on 
death  of  Garfield ;  attends  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  Convention  in 
Washington;  Phillips’ seventieth  birthday;  Mrs.  Eddy’s  hand¬ 
some  legacy ;  Fourteenth  Washington  Convention ;  amusing  suf¬ 
frage  debate  in  Senate ;  meeting  in  Philadelphia ;  tributes  from 
Elmira  Free  Press  and  Washington  Republic;  favorable  Senate 
and  House  Committee  reports;  campaign  in  Nebraska;  ad- 

(in) 


iy  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

dresses  Lincoln  Club,  Rochester ;  decides  to  go  abroad ;  Philadel¬ 
phia  Times  account  of  Birthday  reception;  Mrs.  Sewall’s  de¬ 
scription  in  Indianapolis  Times  of  farewell  honors  ;  fine  tributes 
from  Chicago  Tribune  and  Kansas  City  Journal ;  N.  Y.  Times  de¬ 
scribes  departure  for  Europe. 

CHAPTER  XXXII. 

Miss  Anthony’s  European  Letters.  (1883.) . 

On  shipboard;  in  Liverpool  and  London ;  in  Milan  and  Rome ;  in 
Naples;  in  Zurich,  Berlin,  Cologne,  Heidelberg;  in  Paris;  back 
to  London;  Mrs.  Jacob  Bright,  Moncure  D.  Conway,  Wm.  Hen¬ 
ry  Channing,  Mrs.  Rose,  Stopford  Brooke;  speech  at  Princes 
Hall;  Helen  Taylor,  Jane  Cobden  and  others;  speech  at  St. 
James  Hall;  Mrs.  Mellen’s  Fourth  of  July  reception;  Canon 
Wilberforce,  Sarah  Bernhardt;  Edinburgh;  Elizabeth  Pease 
Nichol,  Priscilla  Bright  McLaren,  Professor  Blackie,  Dr.  Jex- 
Blake ;  home  of  Harriet  Martineau ;  Dublin;  Isabella  M.  S.  Tod 
and  others;  trip  through  Ireland;  characteristic  descriptions; 
John  Bright,  Hannah  Ford,  home  of  the  Brontes;  Henrietta 
Muller,  Margaret  Bright  Lucas,  Frances  Power  Cobbe,  Millicent 
Garrett  Fawcett,  Mrs.  Peter  Taylor;  home  again. 


CHAPTER  XXXIII. 

Congressional  Hearings— Visit  to  New  Orleans.  (1884-1885.) .  581-603 

Welcome  Home  from  Rochester  Democrat  and  Chronicle,  N.  Y. 

Evening  Telegram,  Cleveland  Leader;  unkind  comment  Cincin¬ 
nati  Times-Star ;  dislike  of  interviewing  Congressmen  shown  by 
letter  to  Wm.  D.  Kelley;  Warren  Keifer  in  favor  of  Woman 
Suffrage;  opposition  of  Reagan,  of  Texas;  members  for  and 
against  Special  Committee ;  Douglass  marriage ;  letters  to  young 
workers ;  death  of  Wendell  Phillips ;  Bishop  Simpson  on  Woman 
Suffrage ;  fine  speech  before  Congressional  Committee ;  Thomas  B. 

Reed’s  report ;  letter  from  Senator  Palmer ;  Miss  Anthony  on  Suf¬ 
frage  Bill  in  Parliament ;  attitude  of  Presidential  candidates ; 
opposes  resolution  denouncing  dogmas  and  creeds ;  attack  of  Rev. 

W.  W.  Patton;  Senator  Palmer’s  speech;  trip  to  New  Orleans; 
tribute  of  Picayune ;  Eddy  legacy  received ;  working  on  History ; 

Miss  Anthony’s  dislike  of  literary  labor;  Mrs.  Stanton’s  seven¬ 
tieth  birthday;  letter  from  Harriet  Stanton  Blatch. 

CHAPTER  XXXIV. 

Many  Trips — First  Vote  on  Sixteenth  Amendment.  (1886-1887.).. ..605-626 
Miss  Anthony’s  persistence  with  members  of  Congress ;  Eigh¬ 
teenth  Washington  Convention;  committee  reports ;  canvass  of 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


the  State  of  Kansas ;  Municipal  Suffrage  Bill  passed  by  Legisla¬ 
ture;  speaking  throughout  Wisconsin;  advice  as  to  Church  for 
holding  convention;  History  of  Woman  Suffrage  and  valuable 
work  accomplished  by  it;  opinions  of  Mary  L.  Booth,  Sarah  B. 
Cooper  and  others;  Nineteenth  Annual  Convention;  Senator 
Blair’s  bill  for  Woman  Suffrage;  Senators  Brown  and  Vest  in  op¬ 
position  ;  Senators  Dolph  and  Blair  in  favor ;  remonstrance  from 
Boston;  the  Vote;  women  incensed  at  Ingalls;  letter  to  Frances 
Willard  on  Prohibition  Party;  letter  to  Olympia  Brown  against 
bringing  suit  under  school  suffrage  law ;  scores  Senator  Ingalls  in 
Kansas ;  canvass  of  Indiana. 


CHAPTER  XXXV. 

Union  of  Associations — International  Council.  (1888.) .  627-645 

American  Association  proposes  Union;  negotiations  to  that  end; 
plea  for  Mrs.  Stanton’s  election  as  president;  Union  completed; 
International  Council  of  Women;  magnitude  of  preparations; 

Miss  Anthony’s  idea  of  a  sermon;  letter  of  Douglass  on  First 
Woman’s  Rights  Convention;  letter  of  Maria  Mitchell;  efforts  to 
secure  Mrs.  Stanton’s  presence;  comment  of  Baltimore  Sun  and 
N.  Y.  World;  Frances  Willard’s  speech  and  letter  to  Union  Sig¬ 
nal;  National  and  International  Councils  formed;  at  Central 
Music  Hall,  Chicago ;  letter  urging  women  to  go  to  National  Polit¬ 
ical  conventions ;  open  letter  to  General  Harrison ;  Republican 
“free  ballot”  plank  does  not  include  Women ;  dislike  of  “  red 
tape;”  speech  at  Columbus  W.  C.  T.  U.  celebration  not  well 
received. 

CHAPTER  XXXVI. 

Conventions  from  Washington  to  South  Dakota.  (1889.) . .  647-661 

Twenty -first  Washington  Convention;  address  before  Unity 
Club,  Cincinnati;  death  of  niece  Susie  B. ;  letters  on  Death; 
newspaper  comment  on  Dress ;  at  Seidl  Club  on  Coney  Island  and 
“  Broadbrim’s  ”  account ;  a  round  of  lectures  and  conventions; 
letter  of  Harriet  Hosmer;  canvass  of  South  Dakota;  Miss  An¬ 
thony  outlines  plan  of  campaign ;  nephew  D.  R.  describes  speech 
at  Ann  Arbor;  “Andrew  Jackson-like  responsibility  ” ;  work  for 
South  Dakota;  description  in  Washington  Star. 


CHAPTER  XXXVII. 

At  the  End  of  Seventy  Years.  (1890.) . 

Consternation  at  idea  of  selling  tickets  for  Birthday  banquet; 
description  of  banquet  by  Washington  Star  and  N.  Y.  Sun; 
speeches  of  Rev.  F.  W.  Hinckley,  Hon.  J.  A.  Pickier,  Mrs. 


VI 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Stanton  and  Miss  Anthony ;  congratulatory  letters  from  distin¬ 
guished  people;  eloquent  tributes  from  Boston  Traveller  and 
Rochester  Democrat  and  Chronicle ;  first  Convention  of  United 
Associations;  money  for  South  Dakota ;  in  Washington  society ; 
letter  on  pre-natal  influence. 


CHAPTER  XXXVIII. 

The  South  Dakota  Campaign.  (1890.) .  679- 

Appeals  from  South  Dakota;  Miss  Anthony  lays  down  the  law 
regarding  National  funds;  pledges  of  Farmers’  Alliance  leaders; 
contributions  to  campaign;  goes  to  South  Dakota;  Farmers’  Al¬ 
liance  and  Knights  of  Labor  form  new  party  and  repudiate 
pledges  for  Woman  Suffrage;  insults  at  Democratic  Convention; 
Republican  Convention  has  room  for  Indian  men  but  none  for 
white  women;  Miss  Anthony’s  cheerful  letters;  hardships  of 
campaign;  Mrs.  Howell’s  description  of  meetings  at  Madison; 

Rev.  Anna  Shaw’s  account  of  crying  babies  and  drunken  man; 

Mrs.  Chapman  Catt’s  summing-up  of  situation ;  statistics  of  De¬ 
feat;  Miss  Anthony  endorsed  by  State  W.  C.  T.  U.  and  Suffrage 
Associations. 


CHAPTER  XXXIX. 

Wyoming — Miss  Anthony  Goes  to  Housekeeping.  (1890-1891.) .  697- 

Debate  in  Congress  on  admission  of  Wyoming;  first  majority  re¬ 
port  from  House  Committee  in  favor  of  Sixteenth  Amendment ; 
Wimodaughsis ;  in  Boston ;  letter  of  sympathy  from  Lucy  Stone ; 
first  triennial  meeting  of  National  Woman’s  Council;  Miss  An¬ 
thony’s  joy;  Twenty -third  Washington  Convention;  breakfast  at 
Sorosis;  letter  from  ex-Secretary  Hugh  McCulloch;  leaving 
Riggs  House;  letter  describing  visits  in  New  England;  goes  to 
housekeeping ;  kindness  of  press  and  people ;  letter  from  Adi- 
rondacks  and  John  Brown’s  home ;  stirs  up  Rochester  W.  C.  T.  U. ; 
at  Chautauqua;  describes  meeting  at  Lily  Dale;  happiness  in 
keeping  house ;  speaks  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair;  invites  Mrs.  Stan¬ 
ton  to  share  her  home ;  calls  meeting  to  admit  girls  to  Rochester 
University  ;  speaks  at  Thanksgiving  services  in  Unitarian  church ; 
appeals  from  Kansas. 


CHAPTER  XL. 

Ignored  by  the  Parties — Appointed  to  Office.  (1892.) .  717 

Mrs.  Stanton’s  last  appearance  at  National  Convention ;  Miss 
Anthony  made  president;  home  life;  attends  biennial  meeting 
Federation  of  Woman’s  Clubs;  bust  made  by  LoradoTaft;  letter 
approving  Southern  Woman’s  Council;  ignored  by  Republican 
National  Convention  at  Minneapolis;  “every  citizen”  does  not 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Vll 


M 


include  Women;  bowed  out  of  Democratic  National  Conven¬ 
tion  at  Chicago;  Frances  Willard’s  beautiful  tribute;  at  People’s 
National  Convention  in  Omaha;  Woman  Suffrage  at  Chautauqua; 
campaign  of  Kansas  o^n  Republican  platform ;  illustrates  differ¬ 
ence  in  treatment  of  same  women  now  and  forty  years  ago;  ap¬ 
pointed  on  Board  of  Managers  State  Industrial  School;  press 
comment;  addresses  mass  meeting  on  including  Women  in  pro¬ 
visions  of  New  Charter  for  Rochester;  face  sculptured  on  theater 
in  Dowagiac,  Mich. ;  John  Boyd  Thacher  asks  his  father’s  record ; 
Philip  Schuyler  objects  to  his  stepmother’s  statue  in  company 
with  Miss  Anthony’s;  Justice  Rufus  W.  Peckham’s  tribute. 


CHAPTER  XLI. 

World’s  Fair— Congress  of  Representative  Women.  (1893.) .  737-754 

Miss  Anthony  opposes  holding  National  Conventions  outside 
Washington;  extended  range  of  letters  and  invitations;  urges 
those  who  can  not  work  to  contribute  money  ;  opening  of  World’s 
Fair;  Bertha  Honore  Palmer’s  words  for  women;  Miss  Anthony 
behind  movement  to  have  women  on  Board  of  Managers ;  Presi¬ 
dent  and  Board  of  Lady  Managers;  Woman’s  Congress;  Miss 
Anthony  center  of  attraction ;  compliments  from  Frances  Wil¬ 
lard  and  Lady  Somerset;  letter  of  Florence  Fenwick  Miller; 

Suffrage  leads  at  Congress;  letters  from  Mrs.  Palmer,  Mrs. 

James  P.  Eagle ;  speech  on  Religious  Press;  pleasant  visits  in 
Chicago  ;  tribute  from  Inter-Ocean  ;  Woman  Suffrage  granted  in 
Colorado;  preparing  for  New  York  and  Kansas  amendment 
campaigns. 


CHAPTER  XLII. 

The  Second  New  York  Campaign.  (1894.) .  755-776 

Speeches  in  Ann  Arbor,  Toledo,  Baltimore  and  Washington;  no 
creeds,  no  politics  in  National- American  Association ;  congratu¬ 
lations  of  Chicago  Journal;  great  New  York  campaign  inaugu¬ 
rated  to  secure  Amendment  from  Constitutional  Convention; 
headquarters  in  Anthony  home;  Corresponding  Secretary  Mary 
S.  Anthony  reports  amount  of  work  done;  opening  rally  in 
Rochester;  women  of  wealth  and  fashion  in  New  York  and 
Brooklyn  take  part ;  N.  Y.  World  describes  the  movement ;  “Re¬ 
monstrants  ”  organize;  Miss  Anthony’s  opinion  of  them;  600,000 
signatures  secured;  Joseph  H.  Choate,  President  of  Constitu¬ 
tional  Convention,  uses  his  influence  against  Woman  Suffrage 
Amendment ;  Miss  Anthony  and  many  other  women  address 
delegates;  representatives  of  the  “Antis”  speak  in  opposition; 

Edward  Lauterbach  and  other  members  support  Amendment; 

Elihu  Root,  Wm.  P.  Goodelle  and  others  oppose;  Amendment 
Defeated;  tribute  by  State  president,  Mrs.  Greenleaf;  apprecia- 


vill 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


tive  letters ;  incorrect  report  of  speech  at  Spiritualist  camp  meet¬ 
ing;  Miss  Anthony,  Frances  Willard,  Lady  Somerset  and  others 
at  Republican  State  Convention  in  Saratoga;  starting  for 

Kansas. 


CHAPTER  XLIII. 

The  Second  Kansas  Campaign.  (1894.) . 

Miss  Anthony  insists  that  political  State  conventions  must  put 
Woman  Suffrage  planks  in  their  platforms ;  politicians  try  to  per¬ 
suade  Kansas  women  not  to  ask  for  them;  dilemma  of  State  presi¬ 
dent,  Mrs.  Johns ;  letters  of  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt,  Henry  B.  Black- 
well,  Rev.  Anna  Shaw,  showing  uselessness  of  campaign  with¬ 
out  Political  endorsement;  Miss  Anthony’s  rousing  letters  to 
Woman’s  State  Committee,  Republican  leaders  and  Mrs.  Johns; 
great  speech  at  Kansas  City ;  action  taken  by  Republican  Woman’s 
Convention;  Suffrage  plank  refused  by  Republican  State  Conven¬ 
tion;  fight  for  it  in  Populist  Convention;  wild  scene  when 
secured ;  “  not  a  test  of  party  fealty ;”  Prohibitionists  adopt  plank ; 
Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Shaw  censured  by  Republicans  ;  Miss 
Anthony  states  their  reasons  and  takes  a  cheerful  view ;  friendly 
words  from  Wm.  Lloyd  Garrison;  her  brave  declaration; 
scores  Kansas  Republicans  in  letter  to  Mr.  Blackwell;  cordial 
support  of  Annie  L.  Diggs;  Mrs.  Johns  and  Mr.  Breidenthal 
hopeful ;  Amendment  Defeated ;  possession  of  Limited  Suffrage  a 
hindrance  to  securing  Full  Suffrage. 


CHAPTER  XLIV. 

The  Southern  Trip— The  Atlanta  Convention.  (1895.) . 

Not  cast  down  by  Kansas  defeat,  Miss  Anthony  speaks  at 
Nebraska  Convention;  goes  to  New  York  State  Convention 
at  Ithaca;  visits  Cornell  University  and  speaks  to  girls  of  Sage 
College;  addresses  National  W.  C.  T.  U.on  Sunday  at  Cleveland, 
showing  weakness  of  all  attempts  at  Reform  unsupported  by  the 
Ballot;  pleasant  month  in  New  York  City;  letter  on  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
for  “  woman’s  edition invitation  from  Rev.  Jenkin  Lloyd  Jones 
and  Rev.  H.  W.  Thomas  to  take  part  in  Liberal  Religious  Con¬ 
gress;  addresses  at  Lexington,  Louisville,  Memphis  and  New 
Orleans ;  complimentary  reports  of  Picayune,  Shreveport  Times, 
Birmingham  News,  Huntsville  Tribune ;  National- American  Con¬ 
vention  in  Atlanta ;  courtesy  of  press,  pulpit  and  people ;  Seventy- 
fifth  Birthday  celebration  and  presentation  of  Annuity  of  $800 ; 
second  triennial  of  Woman’s  Council;  speaks  at  Douglass’  fu¬ 
neral  ;  stirs  up  the  audience  in  Rochester  at  Ida  B.  Wells’  lecture 
on  Lynching ;  resigns  position  on  State  Industrial  School  Board. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


IX 


CHAPTER  XLV. 

The  Second  Visit  to  California.  (1895.) . . .  819-838 

Invitation  from  California  Woman’s  Congress;  Miss  Anthony 
and  Miss  Shaw  have  royal  welcome  at  St.  Louis,  Denver,  Chey¬ 
enne,  Salt  Lake  City,  Reno;  cordial  reception  at  Oakland;  beau¬ 
tiful  scene  at  Woman’s  Congress ;  eulogies  of  press ;  visit  Stanford 
University ;  entertained  by  many  clubs  and  societies ;  go  to  Yosem- 
ite  Valley;  joyfully  received  at  San  Jose,  Los  Angeles,  River¬ 
side,  Pasadena,  Pomona,  San  Diego,  Santa  Monica;  address 
Ministers’  Meeting  in  San  Francisco ;  Mrs.  Cooper’s  victory  over 
Fourth  of  July  Committee;  speak  at  the  celebration;  miss  audi¬ 
ence  at  Oakland ;  affectionate  farewell. 

CHAPTER  XLVI. 

Mrs.  Stanton’s  Birthday— The  Bible  Resolution.  (1895-1896.) .  839-862 

Miss  Anthony  stirs  up  papers  with  resolution  on  Kansas  men ; 
description  by  Chicago  Herald ;  seized  with  nervous  prostration 
at  Lakeside,  O. ;  sympathy  of  people  and  press;  secret  of  vital¬ 
ity  ;  letter  on  maternity  hospitals  ;  on  “  hard  times ;”  on  woman’s 
dress ;  Mrs.  Stanton’s  birthday  celebration  ;  Miss  Anthony  mag¬ 
nanimously  refuses  to  take  the  lead ;  tribute  from  Tilton ;  appre¬ 
ciative  letters  from  Mary  Lowe  Dickinson,  Mrs.  Leland  Stanford; 
Twenty-eighth  Annual  Convention  ;  Utah  admitted  with  Woman 
Suffrage;  women  of  South  Australia  enfranchised;  resolution 
against  Woman’s  Bible;  speech  on  Religious  Liberty;  grief  over 
action  of  convention ;  view  of  the  Bible ;  Suffrage  will  emanci¬ 
pate  from  Superstition;  Nelly  Bly’s  racy  interview;  loud  call 
from  California;  can  not  refuse  but  goes  to  the  Golden  State. 


CHAPTER  XLVII. 

The  California  Campaign.  (1896.) . . .  863-893 

Effort  to  secure  Woman  Suffrage  Bill  from  California  Legislature ; 

State  committees  formed ;  county  conventions ;  Mrs.  Sargent’s 
hospitality;  work  of  women  throughout  the  State;  attitude  of 
press;  the  Call  declares  for  Woman  Suffrage;  Republican  Con¬ 
vention  ;  Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Shaw  before  platform  commit¬ 
tee  ;  tributes  to  Mrs.  Duniway  and  Mrs.  McCann  ;  Populist  Conven¬ 
tion  ;  Prohibition  Convention  ;  Democratic  Convention  ;  women’s 
ratification  ;  headquarters  opened ;  principal  speakers ;  great  work 
of  Miss  Anthony ;  social  courtesies  extended  ;  goes  to  Portland  and 
Seattle ;  can  not  go  to  Idaho  ;  Suffrage  plank  in  National  Republi¬ 
can  convention  repudiated ;  tour  of  Southern  California ;  letters  to 
Miss  Willard  and  Mrs.  Peet  on  holding  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  Con¬ 
vention  in  California ;  action  of  Chairman  Republican  State  Com- 


X 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


mittee ;  attempts  of  Women  to  speak  at  Political  conventions ;  the 
Call  coerced  ;  the  orators  “  flunk ;  ”  Liquor  Dealers  fight  Woman 
Suffrage ;  efforts  to  register  new  voters  ;  amount  of  money  raised ; 
Women  outwitted  by  State  officials;  Defeat;  summing-up  of  vote; 
a  touching  sight ;  pleasant  campaign  ;  State  Suffrage  Convention ; 
Mrs.  Sargent’s  tribute;  homeward  bound. 


CHAPTER  XLVIII. 

Her  Letters — Birthday  Party — Biography.  (1896-1897.) . 

Reception  in  Rochester;  never  denies  charges;  urges  women  not 
to  “scramble”  for  office;  Book  of  Proverbs ;  constancy  of  pur¬ 
pose;  women  have  nothing  to  do  with  Reform  parties;  objects  to 
calling  God  the  author  of  Civil  Government ;  men  trying  to  lift 
themselves  by  their  bootstraps  ;  no  time  for  Speculation  ;  opposes 
Educated  and  Property  Suffrage;  eloquent  tribute  of  Dr.  H.  W. 
Thomas;  pleasant  letters  from  Mrs.  Henrotin,  John  Hutchinson, 
Mrs.  Dickinson ;  National-American  Convention  in  Des  Moines ; 
letter  urging  that  all  National  conventions  be  held  at  Washington ; 
reception  at  Indianapolis;  addresses  Indiana  Legislature ;  kind¬ 
ness  to  reporters  ;  birthday  of  Frederick  Douglass ;  Miss  Anthony’s 
great  Birthday  reception  in  Rochester;  compliments  of  Post- 
Express  and  Herald;  the  day  at  Anthony  home;  Mrs.  Chapman 
Catt’s  tribute;  speech  at  Cuban  League;  remarks  at  funeral  of 
Mrs.  Humphrey  ;  beginning  the  Biography ;  immense  amount  of 
material ;  description  of  attic  workroom. 


CHAPTER  XLIX. 

Characteristic  Views  on  Many  Questions.  (1897.) . 

Monday  evenings  at  home ;  Miss  Anthony  dislikes  role  of  Literary 
or  Society  woman ;  declares  she  never  again  will  speak  before 
Legislative  Committee  at  Albany;  Miss  Mary  Anthony’s  birth¬ 
day  ;  Herald’s  interview ;  description  by  Democrat  and  Chronicle ; 
remarks  of  Rev.  W.  C.  Gannett  and  others;  assists  at  golden 
wedding;  visits  Eliza  Wright  Osborne  with  Mrs.  Stanton;  her 
greatest  compliment;  opinion  on  Women  rising  in  Rebellion;  on 
Mrs.  Besant  and  Theosophy  ;  letter  to  Supreme  Court  of  Idaho  ; 
on  commemorating  deeds  of  Revolutionary  Mothers;  Sentiment 
no  guarantee  for  Justice;  Subjection  of  Woman  the  cause  of  pub¬ 
lic  Immorality ;  opposed  to  asking  Partial  Suffrage  for  women ; 
opinion  on  Poetry;  God  not  responsible  for  human  ills;  Sunday 
observance ;  objects  to  asking  for  Educated  and  Property  Suf¬ 
frage  ;  voters  not  influenced  by  Religious  arguments ;  refuses  to 
join  Miss  Willard  in  attack  on  “  yellow  journalism  ”  and  prize 
fighting ;  wide  scope  of  invitations,  etc. ;  amusing  letter  of  inquiry ; 
never  received  salary  from  National  Association ;  visit  to  Thou- 


895-911 


913-930 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


XI 


sand  Islands;  centennial  of  Rev.  Samuel  J.  May ;  at  Nashville 
Exposition;  criticises  Women  for  going  into  Partisan  Politics 
and  defends  “  rings ;”  Woman  Suffrage  movement  of  the  Present 
contrasted  with  that  of  the  Past. 

CHAPTER  L. 

Home  Life— The  Reunion— The  Woman.  (1897.) .  931-953 

Daily  habits  of  life  ;  dress ;  harmonious  relations  of  the  two  sis¬ 
ters  ;  description  of  Anthony  home ;  outline  of  Miss  Anthony’s 
vast  private  correspondence;  her  patience  and  conscientiousness; 
objects  to  which  close  of  life  is  being  given ;  invited  to  Berkshire ; 

Suffrage  Committee  meeting  in  the  “  Old  Hive  ”  at  Adams ;  guest 
of  Berkshire  Historical  Society ;  addresses  of  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt, 

Mrs.  Foster  Avery,  Mrs.  Sewall,  Mrs.  Colby,  Rev.  Anna  Shaw 
and  others;  Anthony  Reunion;  picturesque  old  homestead; 
visit  to  birthplace  and  loved  spots  of  childhood;  contrast 
in  position  of  Woman  now  and  fifty  years  ago;  Miss  An¬ 
thony’s  part  in  securing  reforms;  face  carved  in  Capitol  at 
Albany;  tributes  of  Mrs.  Sewall,  Miss  Willard  and  Mrs.  Stanton; 

Miss  Anthony’s  characteristics;  compared  to  Napoleon,  Glad¬ 
stone,  Lincoln,  Garrison ;  finis. 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS 


Vol.  II. 


Scsan  B.  Anthony  in  California  Campaign,  1896 . 

Harriet  Purvis . . . 

Mentia  Taylor . 

Priscilla  Bright  McLaren . 

Elizabeth  Pease  Nichol . 

Margaret  Bright  Lucas . . 

Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Stanton  writing  the  History  of 

Woman  Suffrage . 

Caroline  E.  Merrick . 

Zerelda  G.  Wallace . 

Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw . 

Harriet  Taylor  Upton . 

May  Wright  Sewall . 

Mary  S.  Anthony . 

Carrie  Chapman  Catt . 

Rachel  Foster  Avery . 

Sarah  B.  Cooper . 

Ellen  Clark  Sargent . 

Sarah  L.  Knox  Goodrich . 

Anthony  Residence  in  Rochester . 

Attic  Work-Rooms . 

Mary  S.  and  Susan  B.  Anthony . 

Anthony  Family  at  Reunion . 

At  the  Old  Homestead, . 

Quaker  Meeting-House,  Adams,  Mass . 


Frontispiece 
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CHAPTER  XXX. 


POLITICAL  CANDIDATES - WRITING  THE  HISTORY. 

1880—1881. 


URING  her  May  lecture  trip  Miss  Anthony  was 
formulating  a  scheme  for  a  series  of  conventions, 
opening  and  closing  with  a  great  mass  meeting, 
which  should  influence  the  national  political 
conventions  to  recognize  in  their  platforms  the 
rights  of  woman.  As  usual  most  of  the  women  opposed  this 
plan  and  as  usual  Miss  Anthony  carried  the  day.  The  following 
letters  to  Mrs.  Spencer,  national  secretary,  will  serve  as  speci¬ 
mens  of  hundreds  which  she  wrote  with  her  own  hand,  before 
every  similar  occasion  : 

I  want  the  rousingest  rallying  cry  ever  put  on  paper— first,  to  call  women 
by  the  thousand  to  Chicago ;  and  second,  to  get  every  one  who  can  not  go 
there  to  send  a  postal  card  to  the  mass  convention,  saying  she  wants  the 
Republicans  to  put  a  Sixteenth  Amendment  pledge  in  their  platform.  Don’t 
you  see  that  if  we  could  have  a  mass  meeting  of  2,000  or  3,000  earnest 
women,  June  2,  and  then  receive  10,000  postals  from  women  all  over  the 
country,  what  a  tremendous  influence  we  could  bring  to  bear  on  the  Republi¬ 
can  convention,  June  3  ?  We  can  get  Farwell  Hall  for  $40  a  day,  and  I  think 
would  do  well  to  engage  it  for  the  2d  and  3d,  then  we  could  make  it  our 
headquarters— sleep  in  it  even,  if  we  couldn’t  get  any  other  places. 

Besides  this,  I  want  to  make  the  best  possible  use  of  all  our  speakers  between 
June  3  and  21,  when  we  shall  have  a  mass  meeting  in  Cincinnati,  the  day  be¬ 
fore  the  Democratic  convention.  My  proposition  is  that  I,  as  vice-president- 
at-large,  .  call  conventions  of  two  days  each  at  a  number  of  cities.  We 
could  divide  our  speakers  and  thus  fill  in  the  entire  two  weeks  between 
Chicago  and  Cincinnati  with  capital  good  work.  How  does  the  plan  strike 
you  ?  Can  we  summon  the  women  from  the  vasty  deeps — or  distances  ? 
Can  we  get  5,000  or  10,000  to  send  on  their  postals  ?  Do  the  petitions  still 
come  in  ?  How  many  thousands  of  appeals  and  documents  have  you  had 
printed  and  how  many  have  you  sent  out  ? 

(515) 


516 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


After  the  ball  was  set  rolling  she  wrote  : 

A  letter  from  Mrs.  Stanton  tells  of  her  being  on  the  verge  of  pneumonia, 
and  rushing  home  to  rest  and  recruit.  She  is  better  and,  since  she  has  been 
to  the  dinner-table,  I  infer  she  is  well  enough  to  begin  to  work  up  the  thun¬ 
der  and  lightning  for  Indianapolis  and  Chicago.  Now  won’t  you  at  once 
scratch  down  the  points  with  which  you  want  to  fire  her  soul  and  brain,  and 
get  her  at  work  on  the  resolutions,  platform  and  address  ?  She  won’t  go 
out  to  lecture  any  more  this  spring,  and  if  you  will  only  put  her  en  rapport 
with  your  thought  she  will  do  splendid  work  in  the  herculean  task  await¬ 
ing  us. 

It  is  simply  impossible  for  me  to  go  to  her  at  present,  and  we  must  all  give 
her  our  ideas  in  the  rough,  from  time  to  time,  and  let  her  weld  them  together 
as  best  she  can;  and  then,  as  she  says,  when  we  meet  in  Indianapolis  we 
all  will  put  in  our  happiest  ideas,  metaphysical,  political,  logical  and  all 
other  “  cals,”  and  make  these  the  strongest  and  grandest  documents  ever 
issued  from  any  organization  of  women.  It  does  seem  to  me  that  if  we  can 
succeed  in  grinding  out  just  the  right  appeal,  demand,  or  whatever  it  may  be 
called,  the  Republican  convention  must  heed  us.  At  any  rate,  we  will  do  our 
level  best  at  a  strong  pull,  a  long  pull  and  a  pull  all  together  to  compel  them 
to  surrender. 

I  enclose  my  list  of  May  lecture  engagements.  I  shall  be  able  to  help  in 
money  from  them  soon,  and  better  than  I  could  in  any  other  way.  I  watch 
both  Congress  and  our  State  legislatures,  but  the  “  scamps  ”  are  vastly  bettei 
at  promising  than  fulfilling.  The  politicians,  of  course,  expect  all  this  flut¬ 
ter  and  buncombe  about  doing  something  for  women  in  New  York — in  Cali¬ 
fornia — in  Iowa — is  going  to  spike  our  guns  and  make  us  help  the  Republican 
party  to  carry  all  before  it;  but  we  must  not  be  thus  fooled  by  them. 

After  a  lecture  at  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  when  she  had  gone  to 
her  train  at  4  a.  m.  to  find  it  an  hour  late,  she  wrote  on  the 
ticket-office  shelf,  by  the  light  of  a  smoky  lamp,  this  letter  to 
her  sister  : 

Just  three  years  ago  this  day  was  our  dear  Hannah’s  last  on  earth,  and  I 
can  see  her  now  sitting  by  the  window  and  can  hear  her  say,  “  Talk,  Susan.” 
I  knew  she  wanted  me  to  talk  of  the  future  meetings  in  the  great  beyond,  all 
of  them,  as  she  often  said,  so  certain  and  so  beautiful  to  her  ;  but  they  were 
not  to  me,  and  I  could  not  dash  her  faith  with  my  doubts,  nor  could  I  pretend 
a  faith  I  had  not;  so  I  was  silent  in  the  dread  presence  of  death.  Three 
years— and  yet  what  a  living  presence  has  she  been  in  my  thoughts  all  the 
days !  There  has  been  scarcely  one  waking  hour  that  I  have  not  felt  the  loss 
of  her.  We  can  not  help  trying  to  peer  through  the  veil  to  find  the  certainty 
of  things  over  there,  but  nothing  comes  to  our  eyes  unless  we  accept  the 
Spiritualistic  testimony,  which  we  can  not  wholly  do. 

Well,  only  you  and  I  are  left  of  mother’s  four  girls,  and  when  and  how  we 
also  shall  pass  on  is  among  the  unknown  problems  of  the  future.  Of  course 


POLITICAL  CANDIDATES - WRITING  THE  HISTORY.  517 

I  feel  and  know  that  your  loss  is  far  beyond  mine  ;  for  never  was  there  a 
child  who  so  faithfully  devoted  herself  to  a  mother,  and  made  all  other  inter¬ 
ests  subserve  that  mother’s  happiness  as  did  you,  and  I  feel,  too,  that  but  for 
you  I  never  could  have  done  my  public  work. 

The  great  series  of  conventions  began  with  the  May  Anni¬ 
versary,  which  was  held  at  Indianapolis,  the  25th  and  26th, 
in  the  Park  Theater,  Miss  Anthony  presiding.  All  arrange¬ 
ments  had  been  made  and  all  expenses  assumed  by  the  local 
suffrage  society  under  the  leadership  of  Mrs.  Sewall.  The 
Sentinel,  edited  at  that  time  by  Colonel  J.  B.  Maynard,  wel¬ 
comed  the  convention  in  a  strong  editorial  declaring  for  woman 
suffrage  in  unmistakable  terms.  The  very  successful  meetings 
closed  with  a  handsome  reception  tendered  by  Mrs.  John  C. 
New. 

The  mass  meeting  opened  in  Farwell  Hall,  Chicago,  June  1, 
the  day  before  the  Republican  convention,  with  delegates  from 
twenty-six  States,  and  continued  in  session  three  days.  The 
welcoming  address  was  made  by  Elizabeth  Boynton  Harbert, 
the  speakers  comprised  the  most  prominent  women  of  the 
nation,  the  audience  numbered  3,000  and  the  enthusiasm  was 
unprecedented  in  all  the  records  of  this  movement.1  The 
History  of  Woman  Suffrage  says  : 

The  mass  convention  had  been  called  for  June  2,  but  the  crowds  in  the  city 
gave  promise  of  such  extended  interest  that  Farwell  Hall  was  engaged  for 
June  1,  and  before  the  second  day’s  proceedings  closed,  funds  were  voluntarily 
raised  by  the  audience  to  continue  the  meeting  the  third  day.  So  vast  was 
the  number  of  letters  and  postals  from  women  who  desired  to  vote,  that  the 
whole  time  of  each  session  could  have  been  spent  in  reading  them — 
one  day’s  mail  alone  bringing  them  from  twenty-three  States  and  three  Terri¬ 
tories.  Some  contained  hundreds  of  names,  others  represented  town,  county 
and  State  societies.  Many  were  addressed  to  the  different  nominating  con¬ 
ventions,  Republican,  Greenback,  Democratic,  while  the  reasons  given  for 
desiring  to  vote  ranged  from  the  simple  demand,  through  all  the  scale  of 

1  The  Chicago  press  gave  very  satisfactory  reports  of  this  meeting,  but  the  Springfield 
Republic  was  vulgar  and  abusive,  called  the  ladies  “  withered  beldames,”  “  cats  on  the  back 
roof,”  and  advised  them  to  “  go  home  and  attend  to  their  children,  if  they  had  any,  and  if 
not,  to  engage  in  that  same  occupation  as  soon  as  they  could  regularly  do  so.” 

The  charge  being  so  often  made  that  the  leaders  of  the  suffrage  movement  were  a  lot  of 
old  maids  and  childless  wives,  Miss  Anthony  prepared  a  list  showing  that  sixteen  of  the 
most  prominent  were  the  mothers  of  sixty-six  children.  Of  the  pioneers  she  herself  was  the 
only  one  who  never  married.  Of  the  younger  spoakers  Phoebe  Couzins  was  the  only  one  who 
remained  single. 


518 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


those  connected  with  good  government  and  morality.  So  highly  important  a 
contribution  to  history  did  the  Chicago  Historical  Society  deem  these  expres¬ 
sions  that  it  made  a  formal  request  to  be  put  in  possession  of  all  letters  and 
postals,  with  a  promise  that  they  should  be  carefully  guarded  in  a  fire-proof 
safe. 

A  large  parlor  in  the  Palmer  House  was  tendered  to  the 
ladies  by  the  proprietor  for  business  meetings  and  for  a  recep¬ 
tion  room.  They  were  visited  by  a  number  of  Republican 
delegates,  many  of  whom  were  thoroughly  in  favor  of  a  suf¬ 
frage  plank  in  the  platform  and  of  giving  the  ladies  seats  in 
the  convention.  A  letter  was  sent  to  the  chairman  of  the  Re¬ 
publican  national  committee,  Don  Cameron,  signed  by  one 
hundred  and  eighteen  United  States  senators  and  representa¬ 
tives,  asking  that  seventy-six  seats  on  the  floor  of  the  conven¬ 
tion  be  given  to  as  many  accredited  delegates  from  the  National 
Suffrage  Association.  Although  the  veteran  soldiers  and  sail¬ 
ors  were  liberally  provided  for,  Mr.  Cameron  granted  only  ten 
seats  to  the  women,  and  those  not  to  the  association  in  its  of¬ 
ficial  capacity  but  as  “  guest  ”  tickets  for  seats  on  the  plat¬ 
form.  Miss  Anthony  was  allowed  ten  minutes  before  a  sub¬ 
committee  to  present  the  argument  for  a  suffrage  plank.  It 
was  favorably  regarded  by  scattered  members  of  various  dele¬ 
gations,  but  the  platform  was  silent  on  the  subject. 

The  Republican  convention  of  1880  did  not  even  adopt  the 
“  recognition  ”  planks  of  1872  and  1876,  and  all  the  demon¬ 
strations  of  this  great  mass  meeting  of  women  had  not  the 
slightest  influence,  because  made  by  a  disfranchised  class.  Be¬ 
fore  closing  they  adopted  a  resolution  that  they  would  support 
no  party  which  did  not  endorse  the  political  equality  of  woman; 
but  all  the  “  support  ”  which  they  could  give  or  withhold  was 
not  likely  to  be  considered  of  much  value  by  political  leaders. 

Miss  Anthony  and  four  others  attended  the  Greenback-Labor 
Convention,  a  few  days  later,  in  the  same  city.  They  were 
well  received.  Mrs.  Gage  read  the  suffrage  memorial  in  open 
session  and  Miss  Anthony  was  permitted  to  address  the  con¬ 
vention.  This  privilege  was  violently  opposed  by  Dennis 
Kearney,  who  said  that  “his  wife  instructed  him  before  he 


POLITICAL  CANDIDATES - WRITING  THE  HISTORY.  519 

left  California  not  to  mix  up  with  woman  suffragists,  and  if  he 
did  she  would  meet  him  at  the  door  with  a  flat-iron  when  he 
camehome.”  Failing  to  frighten  the  convention  with  Mrs.  Kear¬ 
ney’s  flat-iron,  he  declined  to  hear  Miss  Anthony’s  speech  and 
left  the  hall  in  disgust.  The  committee  refused  to  incorporate  a 
suffrage  plank  in  its  platform,  but  the  next  day  in  convention, 
after  the  nominations  were  concluded,  a  delegate  introduced  an 
equal  suffrage  resolution  which  passed  by  a  large  majority. 

The  delegates  and  speakers  of  the  National  Association  then 
held  meetings  at  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Bloomington,  Ill.,  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich.,  Lafayette  and  Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  and  reached 
Cincinnati  in  time  for  the  Democratic  National  Convention, 
June  22.  They  were  received  here  with  unexpected  courtesy. 
Mayor  Prince,  of  Boston,  and  Mr.  Eaton,  of  Kansas,  presented 
their  request  for  seats,  and  sixteen  were  granted  them  on  the 
floor  of  the  house,  just  behind  the  delegates.  A  committee 
room  was  placed  at  their  disposal  and  their  notices  and  placards 
were  printed  by  the  convention.  A  hearing  was  given  before 
the  platform  committee,  with  no  limit  as  to  time,  and  after  sev¬ 
eral  had  spoken  the  others  were  invited  to  do  so.  The  chair¬ 
man,  Henry  Watterson,  declared  himself  in  favor  of  the  plank 
desired.  The  delegations  from  Maine,  New  York  and  Kansas 
also  were  favorable.  Miss  Anthony  was  escorted  to  the  plat¬ 
form  upon  the  arm  of  Carter  Harrison,  amid  wild  applause, 
given  a  seat  beside  the  presiding  officer,  Wade  Hampton,  and 
the  clerk  was  ordered  to  read  the  address  which  she  presented.1 
After  all  this  parade,  however,  the  platform  contained  not  the 
slightest  reference  to  the  claims  of  women  or,  in  fact,  to  their 
existence.  The  results  of  the  appeal  to  the  Republican  and 
Democratic  conventions  were  precisely  the  same,  except  that 
the  latter  administered  the  dose  with  chivalry. 

'The  Cincinnati  Commercial  said  at  this  time:  “Miss  Anthony  is  the  same  clear,  calm 
reasoner— a  woman  of  the  same  firm  convictions  and  with  the  same  forcible,  dignified  and 
essentially  womanly  manner  of  expressing  them— that  she  has  always  been.  While  in  Cin¬ 
cinnati  she  is  the  guest  of  her  cousin,  Mrs.  A.  B.  Merriam,  of  Walnut  Hills,  where  many  call 
upon  her  and  find  a  talk  with  a  woman  so  earnest  and  fine  in  intellectual  power  to  be  a  gen¬ 
uine  satisfaction.  On  the  ‘  woman  question,’  she  is  hopeful  but  not  a  hopeless  enthusiast. 
She  is  too  clear-headed  for  that,  and  has  overcome  too  many  obstacles  not  to  appreciate  the 
requisite  momentum  and  the  force  necessary  to  produce  it.  Her  life  is  great  in  that  it  has 
made  a  larger  life  and  higher  work  possible  to  other  women,  who  share  her  aspirations  wi  th- 
out  her  invincible  strength  to  carve  their  way,” 


520 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


The  National  Prohibition  Convention  at  Bloomington,  Ill., 
officially  invited  the  suffrage  advocates  to  meet  with  them  and 
participate  in  their  proceedings.  Phoebe  Couzins  was  sent  as 
a  delegate,  and  the  convention  adopted  the  following  plank : 
“  We  also  demand  that  women  having  privileges  as  citizens  in 
other  respects,  shall  be  clothed  with  the  ballot  for  their  own 
protection,  and  as  a  rightful  means  for  the  proper  settlement 
of  the  liquor  question.”  This  body,  it  will  be  noticed,  not 
only  demanded  the  ballot  for  woman  but  told  her  what  she 
would  be  expected  to  do  with  it. 

While  not  at  all  surprised,  Miss  Anthony  was  greatly  dis¬ 
gusted  with  the  action  of  the  Republican  and  Democratic  con¬ 
ventions,  but,  determined  to  leave  nothing  undone,  she  soon 
afterwards  called  upon  General  Garfield  at  Mentor.  He  was 
cordial  and  expressed  himself  in  favor  of  equality  for  woman 
in  matters  of  education,  work,  wages  and  civil  rights,  but  was 
not  ready  to  declare  himself  in  favor  of  the  suffrage  and,  as  was 
always  the  case,  urged  that  the  issue  be  not  pressed  during 
that  campaign.  Mrs.  Blake  and  others  visited  General  Han¬ 
cock,  the  Democratic  candidate,  and  the  New  York  Sun  re¬ 
ports  the  interview  in  part : 

Mrs.  Blake  said  the  delegation  had  come  to  ask  the  general  what  hope  the 
woman  suffrage  party  might  entertain  in  case  any  measure  came  before  him, 
as  President,  which  bore  upon  granting  women  the  ballot.  The  general  re¬ 
plied  that  the  movement  was  a  growing  one,  and  that  everything  which  tended 
toward  the  amelioration  of  woman’s  condition  had  his  sympathy.  In  the 
course  of  conversation  he  said  that  women  should  be  paid  equally  with  men 
for  the  same  work  equally  well  performed. 

Mrs.  Slocum  said  that  the  delegation  desired  a  decided  expression  from 
him  as  to  whether  he  would  or  would  not  veto  any  measure  favorable  to 
woman  suffrage  that  might  come  before  him  as  President.  The  general 
replied  that  if  such  a  measure  were  voted  upon  by  Congress  as  a  constitutional 
amendment,  it  would  not  come  before  the  President.  If,  however,  Congress 
accorded  women  the  right  to  vote  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  he  certainly 
would  offer  no  obstruction. 

Mrs.  Blake  asked  if  he  considered  women  as  “  people.” 

“Undoubtedly,”  replied  the  general.  “He  would  be  a  bold  man  who 
would  undertake  to  say  they  were  not.” 

“  Then,  general,”  said  Mrs.  Blake,  “  we  ask  nothing  more  than  what  you 


POLITICAL  CANDIDATES - WRITING  THE  HISTORY.  521 

say  in  your  letter  of  acceptance :  ‘  It  is  only  by  a  full  vote,  a  free  ballot  and 

a  fair  count  that  the  people  can  rule  in  fact,  as  required  by  the  theory  of  our 
government. ’  ” 

“  I  am  perfectly  willing, ”  said  General  Hancock,  “  that  you  should  say  I 
take  my  stand  on  that  paragraph  in  my  letter  of  acceptance. ” 


In  order  to  exhaust  every  resource,  Miss  Anthony,  on  Au¬ 
gust  17,  addressed  this  letter  to  each  of  the  presidential  candi¬ 
dates  : 

As  vice-president-at-large  of  the  National  Woman  Suffrage  Association,  I 
am  instructed  to  ask  you  if,  in  the  event  of  your  election,  you,  as  President 
of  the  United  States,  would  recommend  to  Congress  the  submission  to  the 
several  legislatures  of  a  Sixteenth  Amendment  to  the  National  Constitution, 
prohibiting  the  disfranchisement  of  United  States  citizens  on  account  of  sex.’ 
What  we  wish  to  ascertain  is  whether  you,  as  President,  would  use  your 
official  influence  to  secure  to  the  women  of  the  several  States  a  national  guaran¬ 
tee  oi  their  right  to  a  voice  in  the  government  on  the  same  terms  with  men. 
Neither  platform  makes  any  pledge  to  secure  political  equality  to  women— 
hence  we  are  waiting  and  hoping  that  one  candidate  or  the  other,  or  both 
will  declare  favorably,  and  thereby  make  it  possible  for  women,  with  self- 
respect,  to  work  for  the  success  of  one  or  the  other  or  both  nominees.  Hop- 
ing  for  a  prompt  and  explicit  statement,  I  am,  sir,  very  respectfully  yours. 

General  Hancock  did  not  so  much  as  acknowledge  the  receipt 
of  this,  but  General  Garfield  answered  promptly,  writing  with 
his  own  hand : 

Your  letter  of  the  17th  inst.  was  duly  received.  I  take  the  liberty  of  asking 
your  personal  advice  before  I  answer  your  official  letter.  I  assume  that  all 
the  traditions  and  impulses  of  your  life  lead  you  to  believe  that  the  Republi¬ 
can  party  has  been  and  is  more  nearly  in  the  line  of  liberty  than  its  antagon¬ 
ist,  the  Democratic  party ;  and  I  know  you  desire  to  advance  the  cause  of 
woman.  Now,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  Republican  convention  has  not 
discussed  your  question,  do  you  not  think  it  would  be  a  violation  of  the  trust 
they  have  reposed  in  me,  to  speak  “  as  their  nominee  and  add  to  the  pres¬ 
ent  contest  an  issue  which  they  have  not  authorized  ? 

Again,  if  I  answer  your  question  on  the  ground  of  my  own  private  opinion, 

I  shall  be  compelled  to  say  that,  while  I  am  open  to  the  freest  discussion  and 
fairest  consideration  of  your  question,  I  have  not  yet  reached  the  conclusion 
that  it  would  be  best  for  woman  and  for  the  country  that  she  should  have  the 
suffrage.  I  may  reach  it;  but  whatever  time  may  do  to  me,  that  fruit  is  not 
yet  ilpe  on  my  tree.  I  ask  you,  therefore,  for  the  sake  of  your  own  question, 
do  you  think  it  wise  to  pick  my  apples  now  ?  Please  answer  me  in  the  frank¬ 
ness  of  personal  friendship. 


522 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


With  kind  regards,  I  am,  very  truly  yours. 


Under  date  of  September  9  Miss  Anthony  sent  a  spirited 
reply  : 

Yours  of  the  25th  ult.  has  waited  all  these  days  that  I  might  carefully  con¬ 
sider  it. 

First. — The  Republican  party  did  run  well  for  a  season  in  the  “line  of  lib¬ 
erty,”  but  since  1870,  its  congressional  enactments,  majority  reports,  Supreme 
Court  decisions,  and  now  its  presidential  platform,  show  a  retrograde  move¬ 
ment — not  only  for  women  but  for  colored  men — limiting  the  power  of  the 
national  government  in  the  protection  of  United  States  citizens  against 
the  injustice  of  the  States,  until  what  we  gained  by  the  sword  is  lost  by  polit¬ 
ical  surrenders.  We  need  nothing  but  a  Democratic  administration  to 
demonstrate  to  all  Israel  and  the  sun  the  fact,  the  sad  fact,  that  all  is  lost  by 
the  Republican  party.  I  mean,  of  course,  the  one  vital  point  of  national  su¬ 
premacy  in  the  protection  of  United  States  citizens  in  the  enjoyment  of  their 
right  to  vote,  and  the  punishment  of  States  or  individuals  thereof,  for  depriv¬ 
ing  citizens  of  the  exercise  of  that  right.  The  first  and  fatal  mistake  was  in 
ceding  to  Rhode  Island  the  right  to  “  abridge  ”  the  suffrage  to  foreign  born 
men ;  and  to  all  the  States  to  “  deny  ”  it  to  women,  in  direct  violation  of  the 
principle  of  national  supremacy.  From  that  time,  inch  by  inch,  point  by  point 
has  been  surrendered,  until  it  is  only  in  name  that  the  Republican  party  is 
the  party  of  national  supremacy.  Grant  did  not  protect  the  negro’s  ballot  in 
the  presidential  election  of  1876 — Hayes  can  not  in  1880 — nor  will  Garfield  be 
able  to  do  so  in  1884 — for  the  “  scepter  has  departed  from  Judali.” 

Second. — For  the  candidate  of  a  party  to  add  to  the  discussions  of  the  con¬ 
test  an  issue  unauthorized  or  unnoted  in  its  platform,  when  that  issue  is  one 
vital  to  its  very  life,  it  seems  to  me  would  be  the  grandest  act  imaginable.  For 
doing  that  very  thing,  with  regard  to  the  protection  of  the  negroes  of  the  South, 
you  are  today  receiving  more  praise  from  the  best  men  of  the  party  than  for 
any  and  all  of  your  utterances  inside  the  line  of  the  platform.  I  know,  if  you 
had  in  your  letter  of  acceptance,  or  in  your  New  York  speech,  declared  your¬ 
self  in  favor  of  “  perfect  equality  of  rights  for  women,  civil  and  political,” 
you  would  have  touched  an  electric  spark  which  would  have  fired  the  hearts 


POLITICAL  CANDIDATES - WRITING  THE  HISTORY. 


523 


of  the  women  of  the  entire  nation,  and  made  the  triumph  of  the  Republican 
party  more  grand  and  glorious  than  any  it  ever  has  seen. 

Third.— As  to  picking  fruit  before  it  is  ripe  !  Allow  me  to  remind  you  that 
very  much  fruit  is  never  picked;  some  is  nipped  in  the  bud;  some  is  worm- 
eaten  and  falls  to  the  ground ;  some  rots  on  the  trees  before  it  ripens ;  some  too 
slow  m  ripening,  is  bitten  by  the  early  frosts  of  autumn ;  while  some  rare 
ripe  apples  hang  until  frozen  and  worthless  on  the  leafless  boughs  !  Really’ 
Mr.  Garfield,  if  after  passing  through  the  war  of  the  rebellion  and  sixteen 
years  m  Congress;  if  after  seeing  and  hearing  and  repeating  no  class 
ever  got  justice  and  equality  of  chances  from  any  government  except  it  had  the 
power-the  ballot-to  clutch  them  for  itself ;  if  after  all  your  opportunities  for 
growth  and  development,  you  can  not  yet  see  the  truth  of  the  great  principle 
of  individual  self-government;  if  you  have  reached  only  the  idea  of  class-gov¬ 
ernment,  and  that,  too,  of  the  most  hateful  and  cruel  form— bounded  by  sex 

—there  must  be  some  radical  defect  in  the  ethics  of  the  party  of  which  you 
are  the  chosen  leader.  J 


No  matter  which  party  administers  the  government,  women  will  continue 
o  get  only  subordinate  positions  and  half  pay,  not  because  of  the  party’s  or 
the  President  s  lack  of  chivalric  regard,  but  because,  in  the  nature  of  things 
it  is  impossible  for  any  government  to  protect  a  disfranchised  class  in  equality 
o  chances.  Women,  to  get  justice,  must  have  political  freedom.  But  par¬ 
don  this  long  trespass  upon  your  time  and  patience,  and  please  bear  in  mind 
that  it  is  not  for  the  many  good  things  the  Republican  party  and  its  nominee 
have  done  m  extending  the  area  of  liberty  that  I  criticise  them,  but  because 
tiey  have  failed  to  place  the  women  of  the  nation  on  the  plane  of  political 
equality  with  men.  I  do  not  ask  you  to  go  beyond  your  convictions,  but  I  do 
most  earnestly  beg  you  to  look  at  this  question  from  the  standpoint  of  the  wo¬ 
man-alone,  without  father,  brother,  husband,  son— battling  for  bread.  It  is 

to  help  the  millions  of  these  unfortunate  ones  that  I  plead  for  the  ballot  in  the 
hands  of  all  women. 

With  great  respect  for  your  frank  and  candid  talk  with  one  of  the  disfran¬ 
chised,  I  am,  very  sincerely  yours. 


On  the  strength  of  Hancock’s  perfectly  non-committal  inter¬ 
view  and.  Garfield’s  frank  letter,  several  of  the  prominent 
Democratic  women  rushed  into  a  campaign  for  that  party, 
whereupon  Miss  Anthony  called  them  down  in  vigorous  lan¬ 
guage.  After  expressing  her  indignation  at  the  many  false 
newspaper  reports  of  her  correspondence  and  interview  with 
General  Garfield,  she  said  : 

He  has  always  stood  ready  to  aid  us  in  getting  our  demand  before  Congress, 
and  was  one  of  the  three  who  reported  in  favor  of  a  special  woman  suffrage 
committee  m  the  House  the  last  session.  He  has  actually  done  a  thousand 
t  lings  a  thousand  times  more  friendly  to  woman  suffrage  than  Hancock  now 

f.alks  of  doin£-  Then>  again,  Hancock  has  given  us  no  public  statement  that, 
if  elected,  he  will  recommend  a  Sixteenth  Amendment  in  his  inaugural; 


5‘J4  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

and  in  his  letter  of  acceptance  he  said  nothing  more  that  can  be  twisted  into 
suffrage  for  women  than  Garfield  did  in  his,  and  there  is  no  more  in  the  Dem¬ 
ocratic  platform  that  can  be  thus  construed  than  there  is  in  the  Republican. 

I  never  intended  that  the  National  Association  should  accept  any  sort  of 
“  under  the  ink  or  between  the  lines  ”  as  favorable  pledges;  and  before  2 
shall  consent  to  put  my  name  to  any  document  favoring  either  candidate,  I 
must  see  in  black  and  white,  in  the  candidate’s  own  pen  tracks,  something  to 
warrant  such  favoring.  Mere  gallantry  will  not  do. 

During  the  campaign  which  followed,  neither  she  nor  the 
other  leading  women  of  the  country  did  any  public  work,  and 
both  parties  lost  the  splendid  services  which  would  have  been 
gladly  rendered  had  they  recognized  the  simple  principle  of 
justice.  When  the  success  of  Garfield  was  practically  assured, 
Miss  Anthony  wrote  to  a  friend  on  the  evening  of  election 
day  :  “  I  am  fairly  holding  my  breath  tonight,  waiting  for 

the  morning  reports,  as  I  feel  it  will  be  an  overwhelming  tri¬ 
umph  for  the  Republican  party.  If  their  majority  should  be 
immense,  perhaps  it  will  give  them  courage  and  strength  to 
speak  for  woman — and  so  let  us  hope  and  hope  on.” 

As  Mrs.  Stanton's  health  forbade  her  going  on  the  lecture 
platform  in  the  autumn  of  1880,  and  as  Miss  Anthony  had 
now  enough  money  ahead  to  dare  claim  a  little  leisure  from 
public  work,  they  decided  to  settle  down  to  the  serious  business 
of  writing  the  History  of  Woman  Suffrage.  For  this  purpose 
Miss  Anthony  went  to  Tenafly  in  October  and  ensconced  her¬ 
self  in  Mrs.  Stanton's  cosy  home  among  the  “  blue  hills  of 
Jersey.''  The  work  already  was  advanced  far  enough  to  show 
that  it  could  not  possibly  be  restricted  to  the  one  volume  into 
which  it  had  enlarged  from  the  500-page  pamphlet  at  first 
intended,  and  the  task  loomed  up  in  an  appalling  manner. 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Thompson,  the  generous  patron  of  so  many  pro¬ 
gressive  movements,  gave  Miss  Anthony  $1,000  for  immediate 
expenses  and  so  they  went  on  with  the  work,  delving  among 
old  papers  and  letters,  compiling,  cutting,  pasting,  writing 
and  re-writing,  sending  over  and  over  to  the  women  of  differ¬ 
ent  States  for  local  history,  going  into  New  York  again  and 
again  to  see  the  publishers,  and  performing  all  the  drudgery 
demanded  by  such  an  undertaking,  which  can  be  appreciated 
only  by  the  few  who  have  experienced  it. 


POLITICAL  CANDIDATES - WRITING  THE  HISTORY.  525 

Miss  Anthony  hated  this  kind  of  work  and  it  was  torture 
for  her  to  give  up  her  active  life  and  sit  poring  over  the  musty 
records  of  the  past.  Her  diary  contains  the  usual  impatient 
expressions  of  this  feeling,  and  in  her  letters  to  friends  she 
says  :  “0,  how  tired  and  sick  I  am  of  boning  down  to  facts 

and  figures  perpetually,  and  how  I  long  to  be  set  free  from 
what  to  me  has  been  a  perfect  prison  for  the  last  six  months  !  ’ ’ 
She  stuck  to  it  with  Spartan  heroism,  however,  knowing  that 
otherwise  it  never  would  be  done,  but  she  was  not  unwilling 
occasionally  to  sally  forth  and  fill  a  lecture  engagement  or 
attend  a  convention.  At  the  Rhode  Island  annual  meeting 
she  made  the  principal  address,  and  the  next  day  went,  with 
Mrs.  J.  Ellen  Foster,  to  Danbury,  Mass.,  to  call  on  John  G. 
Whittier.  Almost  his  first  words  were,  11  And  so  our  dear 
Lucretia  Mott  is  gone  !  ,f  She  had  died  the  evening  before, 
November  11,  aged  nearly  eighty-eight. 

Miss  Anthony  had  expected  her  death,  but  was  inexpressibly 
giieved  to  lose  from  out  her  life  that  sweet  presence  which 
had  been  an  inspiration  for  thirty  years,  whose  staunch  sup¬ 
port  had  never  failed,  even  when  friends  were  fewest  and 
fortune  at  its  lowest  ebb.  In  times  of  greatest  perplexity  she 
could  slip  down  to  the  Philadelphia  home  for  sympathy  and 
encouragement,  and  there  was  always  a  corner  in  the  pocket- 
book  from  which  a  contribution  came  when  it  was  most  needed. 
If  ever  any  human  character  was  without  a  flaw  it  was  that 
of  Lucretia  Mott.  Her  motto  was  “  Truth  for  authority,  not 
authority  for  truth.  ”  She  faded  away  like  a  spirit  and  her 
dying  words,  whispered  many  times  during  the  last  day  or 
two,  were,  “  0,  let  me  go,  let  this  little  standard  bearer  go  !  ” 
For  freedom,  for  peace,  for  temperance,  for  equality,  she  was 

indeed  the  standard  bearer  through  all  her  long  and  beautiful 
life. 

On  election  day,  prompted  no  doubt  by  the  unconquered  and 
unconquerable  Miss  Anthony,  Mrs.  Stanton  made  an  effort  to 
vote.  This  act  created  much  excitement  and  called  forth 
columns  of  comment  in  the  newspapers,  to  the  great  amuse¬ 
ment  of  the  two  conspirators  in  their  quiet  retreat. 


526 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Toward  the  end  of  1880,  Miss  Anthony  wrote  to  the  treasurer, 
Mrs.  Spofford,  asking  if  she  did  not  think  it  would  be  best  to 
omit  the  National  Convention  of  1881,  giving  as  reasons  that 
there  had  been  such  a  surfeit  of  conventions  during  the  past 
year  and  that  she  was  very  busy  with  the  History.  Mrs. 
Spofford  was  much  surprised,  for  Miss  Anthony  never  had 
been  known  to  yield  in  the  matter  of  holding  this  annual  meet¬ 
ing,  even  when  all  others  were  opposed,  but  she  advised  against 
postponement  and  by  the  next  mail  received  this  reply  : 

I  feel  exactly  as  you  do  about  having  the  convention.  I  have  never  for  a 
moment  felt  ready  not  to  hold  it.  I  wrote  you  under  Mrs.  Stanton’s  orders 
not  to  tell  you  how  I  felt,  as  that  would  be  sure  to  influence  you.  Now  I  have 
read  her  your  letter  and  told  her  my  determination  was  to  go  ahead.  She 
won’t  promise  to  attend,  she  never  does,  but  I  never  fail  to  take  her  with  me 
wdien  I  am  on  the  spot,  as  I  shall  be  when  the  time  comes  next  January.  So 
you  may  save  us  each  a  bedroom  away  up,  no  matter  how  lofty— you  know  I 
love  the  fresh  air  of  the  high  heavens.  Don’t  give  yourself  one  moment’s 
uneasiness  in  regard  to  the  convention.  I  am  going  to  set  about  it  and  am 
bound  to  make  it  one  of  the  best,  if  not  the  best  ever  held  in  Washington, 
and  you  shall  have  Mrs.  Stanton  too,  unless  I  miss  my  guess. 

At  the  same  time  came  the  following  from  Mrs.  Stanton  : 

Your  kind  invitation  I  fully  appreciate,  and  feel  that  the 
pleasure  of  seeing  you  is  one  of  the  compensations  of  these 
conventions,  which  I  dread  more  than  I  can  tell.  But  Susan 
says  truly  that  when  she  is  at  hand,  she  always  dragoons 
me  into  what  she  considers  my  duty,  so  I  never  venture 
to  say  what  I  will  or  will  not  do.  Although  I  have  solemnly 
vowed  I  will  go  nowhere  this  winter,  I  should  not  be  surprised 
if  I  found  myself  in  Lincoln  Hall  the  middle  of  January.” 

The  Thirteenth  Annual  Convention  of  the  National  Asso¬ 
ciation  opened  January  18,  1881,  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  in 
the  chair.  The  first  session  was  devoted  to  a  memorial  serv¬ 
ice  for  Lucretia  Mott.  The  stage  was  decorated  with  draperies 
and  flowers  and  a  large  portrait  of  Mrs.  Mott  stood  on  an  easel. 
An  exquisite  floral  harp  was  presented  by  the  colored  citizens 
of  the  District.  In  the  audience  were  many  distinguished 
people,  including  Mrs.  Hayes  and  her  guests  from  the  White 
House,  members  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  of  Congress,  and 
other  noted  personages.  The  music  was  rendered  by  the 


POLITICAL  CANDIDATES - WRITING  THE  HISTORY.  527 

colored  choir  of  St.  Augustine’s  Church.  Miss  Anthony  said 
in  part  .  The  highest  tribute  she  could  pay  was  that  during 
the  past  thirty  years  she  had  always  felt  sure  she  was  right 
when  she  had  the  sanction  of  Lucretia  Mott.  Next  to  that  of 
her  own  conscience  she  most  valued  the  approval  of  her 
sainted  friend  ;  and  it  was  now  a  great  satisfaction  that  in  all 
the  differences  of  opinion  as  to  principles  and  methods  in  their 
movement,  Mrs.  Mott  had  stood  firmly  with  the  National 
Association,  of  which  she  was,  to  the  day  of  her  death,  the 
honored  and  revered  vice-president.”  Short  and  touching 
addresses  were  made  by  Mrs.  Sewall,  Miss  Couzins,  Frederick 

Douglass  and  Robert  Purvis,  and  the  eulogy  was  delivered  by 
Mrs.  Stanton. 

There  was  an  effort  during  this  convention  to  secure  in  Con¬ 
gress  a  “  standing  committee  on  the  rights  of  women.”  It 
was  ably  advocated  by  Senator  McDonald  and  defeated  largely 
through  the  smooth  manipulation  of  Roscoe  Conkling.  The 
convention  closed  with  a  reception  and  supper  for  the  delegates, 
given  by  Mrs.  Spofford  at  the  Riggs  House. 

Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Stanton  went  from  Washington 
to  the  home  of  Mrs.  Mott,  where  they  were  welcomed  by  her 
daughters,  who  sent  for  Sarah  Pugh,  and  the  old  friends 
had  a  lovely  day,  made  sacred  by  reminiscences  of  the  dear 
one  gone  forever.  For  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  this 
had  been  Miss  Anthony’s  stopping-place  when  in  Philadelphia,1 
but  she  was  welcomed  at  once  into  another  beautiful  home, 
that  of  the  wife  and  daughters  of  J.  Heron  Foster,  founder 
of  the  Pittsburg  Dispatch.  All  were  deeply  interested  in  the 
great  question,  and  Julia  and  Rachel  henceforth  were  ranked 
among  the  most  earnest  and  valued  workers. 

It  was  soon  afterwards  that  a  reporter  of  the  Chicago  News 
started  the  following  paragraph  : 

Susan  B.  Anthony  has  never  condescended  to  love  a  man  but  she  lavishes  a 
heap  of  affection  on  a  little  gray  Skye  terrier  which  she  takes  around  with 
her  wherever  she  goes.  This  dog  was  given  her  by  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton, 
and  having  recently  lost  a  favorite  Newfoundland  pet,  she  accepted  the  frolic- 

TThis  and  the  hospitable  homes  of  Robert  and  Harriet  Purvis,  Sarah  Pugh,  and  Adeline 
and  Annie  Thomson,  sisters  of  J.  Edgar  Thomson. 


528 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


some  Skye  with  hearty  gratitude.  She  has  taught  the  apt  brute  every  variety 
of  trick  and  its  intelligence  seems  to  be  unlimited.  The  little  creature  sleeps 
on  her  bed,  eats  from  her  hand,  has  blankets,  gold  and  silver  collars  and 
every  kind  of  ornament  and  comfort.  Miss  Anthony  is  accompanied  by  this 
accomplished  canine  everywhere,  and  during  the  recent  convention  in  Wash¬ 
ington  “  Birdie, ”  as  the  dog  is  called,  occupied  a  prominent  place  on  the  plat¬ 
form,  either  cuddled  up  in  her  voluminous  lap  or  coiled  in  a  frowsy  heap  at 
her  feet. 

This  was  copied  into  many  newspapers  throughout  the  coun¬ 
try,  often  accompanied  by  editorial  comment,  facetious,  dis¬ 
approving,  and  sometimes  deducing  from  this  text  the  solemn 
fact  that  every  woman’s  nature  must  have  something  to  love, 
or  that  while  women  were  so  frivolous  they  had  no  right  to 
ask  for  the  ballot.  This  extract  from  a  half-column  editorial 
in  the  New  York  Graphic  will  serve  as  an  example  ; 

There  is  something  wrong  here.  If  Miss  Anthony  were  to  carry  around 
with  her  a  Newfoundland  or  a  good  bloodhound  the  spectacle  would  have 
nothing  incongruous  in  it.  If  she  would  make  a  pet  of  a  six-barrelled  revolver 
and  another  of  a  large  club  that  would  be  appropriate.  But  a  Skye  terrier,  a 
miserable,  little,  whining  pup,  a  coached,  coddled  and  coaxed  dog  making  re¬ 
peated  journeys  in  a  basket  and  fed  on  crackers  and  milk — what  sort  of  a 
thing  is  this  for  a  person  of  reformative  powers  to  be  associated  with?  It  is 
an  argument  in  favor  of  woman’s  rights  that  women  are  capable  of  all  the 
masculinity  necessary  to  voting  and  the  making  of  laws ;  but  who  ever  heard 
of  a  President,  a  senator,  a  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  a  legis¬ 
lator  of  any  kind,  going  about  with  a  sick  dog  in  his  arms,  soothing  the  little 
wretch  into  its  proper  sleep,  providing  it  with  its  regular  nourishment  and 
superintending  its  morning  awakenings  and  the  accompanying  ablutions  ? 

Women  can  never  come  to  the  head  of  the  government,  can  never  assist  to 
a  large  extent  in  its  management,  until  they  reform  these  weaknesses.  It 
isn’t  necessary  that  they  should  chew  tobacco  and  swear,  and  perhaps  they 
needn’t  smoke  cigars  and  drive  fast  horses  ;  but  their  leaders  must  abandon  the 
pet  dog,  the  favorite  kitten,  the  especial  hen  and  the  abominable  bird.  They 
may  still  sew  and  still  wear  the  petticoat;  but  if  they  enter  politics  they  must 
submit  to  the  hard  raps  that  men  expect,  without  putting  their  hands  to  their 
eyes  and  sobbing  that  their  feelings  have  been  hurt.  There  must  be  reform, 
and  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Stanton  must  set  about  it  in  earnest  and  at  once. 

A  Skye  terrier  for  Miss  Anthony!  Merciful  heavens!  after  all  these  years 
has  it  come  to  this  ?  Catnip  for  Julius  Caesar !  Boneset  tea  and  black  stock¬ 
ings  with  garters  for  Alexander  the  Great!  A  locket  with  hair  in  it  on  the 
bosom  of  the  first  Napoleon!  A  Skye  terrier  !  We  have  fallen  upon  evil 
days. 

Under  this  in  her  scrap-book  Miss  Anthony  wrote,  “  Doesn’t 


POLITICAL  CANDIDATES - WRITING  THE  HISTORY.  5';9 

this  cap  the  climax  ?  ”  Of  course,  there  was  not  the  slightest 
foundation  for  the  paragraph.  Miss  Anthony  never  owned  a 
dog  or  any  pet  animal,  not  from  dislike  but  because  she  felt 
that  humanity  needed  all  her  time  and  affection. 

Work  on  the  History  was  at  once  resumed,  as  its  editors 
vere  now  convinced  that  it  never  could  be  finished  except  by 
the  hardest  kind  of  labor  without  cessation.  Of  the  able  as¬ 
sistance  rendered  by  many  women  throughout  the  country, 
perhaps  that  of  Clarina  Howard  Nichols  was  the  most  valua¬ 
ble.  She  possessed  not  only  great  literary  ability  but  also 
the  true  editorial  instinct  and  was  one  of  the  few  left  of  the 
old  guard.”  Out  of  her  fine  memory  she  wove  a  number  of 
delightful  chapters,  all  written  while  lying  on  her  back  an 
almost  helpless  invalid  and  over  seventy  years  old.  She  had 
long  ago  gone  to  California  to  be  with  her  children,  and  Miss  An¬ 
thony’s  weekly  letters  to  her  were  of  the  most  loving  character 
and  answered  in  the  same  affectionate  strain.  Mrs.  Nichols 
hesitated  to  use  the  names  of  those  who  had  been  most  violent 
in  their  opposition  to  the  rights  of  women,  because  she  disliked 

to  make  their  children  blush  for  them,  but  Miss  Anthony 
wrote :  J 


History  ought  to  be  true,  and  the  men  and  women  who  at  the  time  enjoyed 
the  glory  of  opposing  us  ought  to  be  known  to  posterity  even  if  it  is  to  their 

U  !  drf \S  s0rr0w ;  ^ust  as  those  who  suffered  the  torments  of  ridicule  and 
hatred  then,  now  enjoy  the  rewards,  and  their  children  and  grandchildren 
glory  in  their  ancestors.  Robert  Dale  Owen’s  daughter,  in  writing  up  the  In¬ 
diana  Constitutional  Convention  and  her  father’s  opponents,  withheld  their 
names  from  sympathy  for  their  children.  I  have  told  her,  that  as  she  now 
rejoices  m  what  was  then  considered  her  father’s  reproach,  so  she  should  let 
he  children  of  those  men  hang  their  heads  now  for  what  then  was  their 
father  s  pride.  Isn’t  that  fair  ?  Garrison  used  to  say,  “  Where  there  is  a  sin 
here  must  be  a  sinner.”  When  people  understand  that  their  descendants 
and  all  Israel  will  know  of  their  deeds,  a  -hundred  years  hence,  maybe  they 
will  learn  to  be  and  do  better.  ’t  y  ey 

■ 1  am  a  f  nuine  believer  in  the  doctrine  of  letting  the  seed  beai  its  fruit  on 
the  sower  s  own  ground.  For  us  not  to  give  the  names  of  our  opponents,  but 
on  y  o.  those  who  were  wise  and  good,  not  only  would  not  be  true  history 
but  would  rob  the  book  of  one-half  its  interest.  If  all  persons  felt  that  their 
children  must  suSer  ror  their  wrong-doings,  they  would  be  more  cautious,  but 
the  belief  that  all  their  ill  record  is  to  be  hidden  out  of  sight  helps  them  to  go 
Ant. — 34 


530 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


on  reckless  of  truth  and  justice.  It  is  not  in  malice  or  with  a  desire  to  make 
any  one  suffer,  but  to  be  true  to  history  that  every  name*should  stand  and  be 
judged  as  the  facts  merit. 

Miss  Anthony  in  reality  seldom  carried  out  this  theory,  but 
usually  desired  that  personal  failings  should  not  be  recorded 
and  handed  down  to  posterity.  She  scarcely  could  be  per¬ 
suaded  to  allow  the  bare  facts  in  many  instances  to  be  stated 
lest  surviving  relatives  should  be  hurt  thereby. 

Without  knowing  where  the  money  was  to  be  obtained  for 
publishing  the  History  but  determined  that  it  should  be  done, 
Miss  Anthony  pushed  on  the  work.  The  steel  engravings 
cost  $126  apiece  and  where  women  were  unable  or  unwilling  to 
pay  for  their  own,  she  herself  assumed  the  responsibility.  To 
Mrs.  Nichols  she  wrote  :  “I  shall  have  your  picture  and  that 
of  Ernestine  L.  Rose  if  it  takes  the  last  drop  in  the  bucket.' n 
Because  of  the  unpopularity  of  the  subject  the  large  firms  would 
not  consider  the  publication  of  this  work,  which  it  was  now 
found  would  fill  two  huge  volumes,  but  arrangements  were 
concluded  finally  with  Fowler  &  Wells.  In  their  great  anxiety 
to  get  their  work  before  the  public  while  they  yet  lived  to  see 
it  properly  done,  each  chapter  was  hurried  to  the  publishers  the 
moment  it  was  completed  and  immediately  stereotyped  and 
printed,  which  made  revising,  condensing  and  re-arranging 
impossible. 

The  first  volume  was  issued  in  May,  1881,  a  royal  octavo  of 
900  pages,  bringing  the  record  down  to  the  beginning  of  the 
Civil  War.  It  is  not  an  exaggeration  to  say  that  no  history 
during  the  century  had  been  more  favorably  received  by  the 
press.  The  New  York  dailies  contained  from  one  to  two  or 
more  columns  of  most  complimentary  reviews.  The  National 
Citizen  and  Ballot-Box  gave  up  almost  an  entire  edition  to 
notices  of  the  History  taken  from  New  York,  Boston,  Philadel¬ 
phia,  Chicago  and  other  papers,  with  not  a  disparaging  criti¬ 
cism.  Most  of  them  echoed  the  sentiment  of  the  New  York 
Sun:  “We  have  long  needed  an  authentic  and  exhaustive 

1  The  women  of  Kansas  contributed  $75  toward  Mrs.  Nichols’  picture  as  a  testimonial  to 
her  suffrage  work  iu  that  State. 


POLITICAL  CANDIDATES - WRITING  THE  HISTORY. 


531 


account  of  the  movement  for  the  enfranchisement  of  women  ;  ” 
and  of  the  Chicago  News:  “The  appearance  of  this  book, 
long  expected  by  the  friends,  is  not  only  an  important  literary 
occurrence,  but  it  is  a  remarkable  event  in  the  history  of  civil¬ 
ization.’  ’  The  personal  commendations  from  such  men  as 
President  Andrew  D.  White,  of  Cornell  University,  Hon.  C. 
B.  Waite,  of  Chicago,  Rev.  William  Henry  Channing,  and 
from  scores  of  eminent  women,  would  in  themselves  require 
several  chapters. 

Nobody  realized  so  well  as  the  authors  the  imperfections  of 
the  work,  but  when  one  considered  that  it  had  to  be  gathered 
piecemeal  from  old  letters,  personal  recollections,  imperfect 
newspaper  reports,  mere  scraps  of  material  which  never  had 
been  put  into  shape  as  to  time  and  place,  the  result  was  re¬ 
markable.  They  were  indeed  correct  in  their  assertion  that  no 
one  but  the  actual  participants  ever  could  have  described  the 
early  history  of  this  movement  to  secure  equal  rights  for 
women.  “  We  have  furnished  the  bricks  and  mortar,”  they 
said,  “for  some  future  architect  to  rear  a  beautiful  edifice.” 
These  “bricks  and  mortar”  were  supplied  almost  wholly  by 
Miss  Anthony,  who,  from  the  beginning,  had  carefully  pre¬ 
served  every  letter,  newspaper  clipping  and  report,  and  whose 
persistent  and  endless  labor  in  collecting  facts,  dates,  etc., 
never  can  be  estimated  or  sufficiently  appreciated  ;  and  it  is 
not  probable  that  any  more  forcible  or  graceful  pens  than  those 
of  Mrs.  Stanton  and  Mrs.  Gage  ever  will  be  found  to  enhance 
their  splendid  work. 


532 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


So  unanimous  and  hearty  was  the  reception  of  this  book,  to 
which  they  had  devoted  every  moment  of  spare  time  for  five 
years,  that  they  felt  encouraged  to  spend  the  next  five,  if 
necessary,  upon  the  other  volume,  which  the  mass  of  material 
now  demanded  ;  but  if  all  the  criticism  had  been  unfavorable 
and  everybody  had  declared  the  work  not  needed,  they  still 
would  have  gone  straight  on  to  the  finish,  because  they  realized 
so  strongly  the  value  of  putting  into  permanent  form  the  story 
of  the  struggle  for  the  emancipation  of  woman.  Many  letters 
were  received  urging  that  it  was  too  soon  to  write  this  history, 
to  which  Mrs.  Stanton  invariably  responded  in  her  humorous 
way:  “Well,  we  old  workers  might  perhaps  have  ‘remin¬ 
isced  9  after  death,  but  I  doubt  if  the  writing  mediums  could 
do  as  well  as  we  have  done  with  our  pens.  You  say  the  his¬ 
tory  of  woman  suffrage  can  not  be  written  until  it  is  accom¬ 
plished.  Why  not  describe  its  initiative  steps  ?  The  United 
States  has  not  completed  its  grand  experiment  of  equality, 
universal  suffrage,  etc.,  and  yet  Bancroft  has  been  writing  our 
history  for  forty  years.  If  no  one  writes  up  his  own  times, 
where  are  the  materials  for  the  history  of  the  future  ?  99 

Before  the  task  should  be  resumed,  however,  there  must  be  a 
little  rest  and  a  great  deal  of  work  of  another  kind.  The  diary 
says  :  “  Had  a  man  today  and  toted  all  my  documents  out  to 

the  barn,  storing  them  in  big  boxes,  then  packed  my  winter 
clothes  away  in  the  attic,  so  that  my  room  might  be  renovated 
for  Theodore  Stanton  and  his  bride  from  Paris.”  Miss  An¬ 
thony  then  returned  home,  filled  several  lecture  engagements 
and  in  May  started  for  Massachusetts,  stopping  at  Tenafly  to 
take  Mrs.  Stanton  with  her  in  order  that  she  might  not  escape. 


CHAPTER  XXXI. 

THE  LEGACY  NEBRASKA  CAMPAIGN - OFF  FOR  EUROPE. 

1881—1882—1883. 

T  had  been  decided  this  year  of  1881  to  take  the 
anniversary  meeting  into  the  very  heart  of  New 
England,  and  for  the  first  time  the  National  Asso¬ 
ciation  went  to  Boston,  opening  in  Tremont  Tem¬ 
ple,  May  26.  The  address  of  welcome  was  made 
by  Harriet  H.  Robinson,  wife  of  “  Warrington,  ”  the  well- 
known  newspaper  correspondent,  and  there  were  several  new 
speakers  in  the  convention,  including  A.  Bronson  Alcott, 
Mary  F.  Eastman,  Anna  Garlin  Spencer,  Frank  Sanborn,  ex- 
Governor  Lee,  of  Wyoming,  the  noted  politician,  Francis  W. 
Bird,  Harriette  Robinson  Shattuck  and  Rev.  Ada  C.  Bowles. 
The  ladies  had  no  cause  to  complain  of  the  hospitality  of  this 
conservative  New  England  center.  The  Boston  Traveller  ex¬ 
pressed  the  general  sentiment  in  saying  : 

The  National  Suffrage  Association  has  reason  to  congratulate  itself  on  one 
of  the  most  notable  and  successful  conventions  ever  held.  Boston’s  attitude 
to  her  distinguished  guests  has  been  uniformly  hospitable,  the  audiences  have 
been  large  and  enthusiastic,  the  press  co-operative  in  every  sense.  The  emi¬ 
nent  women  who  are  its  leaders  are  ladies  whose  acquaintance  is  an  unmixed 
pleasure,  and  not  least  in  importance  have  been  the  friendships  formed  and 
renewed  at  this  meeting.  The  business  management  of  the  convention  has 
been  superb ;  the  sympathy  between  audience  and  speakers  reciprocal. 

lhe  guests  received  an  invitation,  from  Governor  John  D. 
Long  to  visit  the  State  House  and  were  received  by  him  in 
pei son.  In  his  remarks  he  said  he  believed  women  should 
vote,  not  because  they  are  women  but  because  they  are  a 
part  of  the  people  and  government  should  be  of  the  people 

(533) 


534 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


regardless  of  sex  ;  he  thought  the  extension  of  suffrage  to 
women  could  not  fail  to  give  stability  to  the  govern¬ 
ment.  Mrs.  Hooker  thanked  him  for  coming  to  their  sup¬ 
port  and  in  her  letter  describing  the  occurrence  she  says  : 
“  Miss  Anthony  standing  close  to  the  governor  said  in  low, 
pathetic  tones,  ‘Yes,  we  are  tired,  we  are  weary  with  our 
work.  For  thirty  years  some  of  us  have  carried  this  burden, 
and  now  if  we  might  put  it  in  the  hands  of  honorable  men, 
such  as  you,  how  happy  we  would  be.’  ”  The  ladies  also  ac¬ 
cepted  an  invitation  from  Mayor  Prince  to  visit  the  city  hall 
and  were  cordially  received  by  him.  They  were  invited  to 
inspect  the  great  dry  goods  store  of  Jordan,  Marsh  &  Co.  and  see 
the  arrangements  for  the  comfort  and  pleasure  of  the  employes, 
many  of  whom  were  women.  Miss  Anthony,  Mrs.  Stanton 
and  Mrs.  Robinson  were  entertained  at  the  Parker  House  by  the 
famous  Bird  Club. 

Miss  Anthony  received  several  beautiful  floral  offerings  dur¬ 
ing  the  convention,  and  also  a  handsome  pin  in  the  shape  of  a 
Greek  cross.  The  golden  bar  from  which  it  was  suspended 
bore  the  letters  S.  B.  A.,  on  the  points  were  the  initials  N.  W. 
S.  A.,  and  on  the  reverse  was  engraved,  “Presented  by  the 
Citizens ’  Suffrage  Association  of  Philadelphia  as  a  token  of 
gratitude  for  her  life-long  devotion  to  the  interests  of  woman.  ” 
The  little  presentation  speech  was  made  in  a  most  tender  and 
graceful  manner  by  May  Wright  Sewall.  The  Boston  Globe  in 
describing  the  scene  pays  this  compliment : 

Miss  Anthony  was  as  deeply  toucned  as  she  was  surprised.  Recovering 
herself,  she  responded  eloquently  and  in  her  usual  interesting  and  magnetic 
manner.  Of  all  the  eminent  women  who  are  here,  no  one  is  such  a  favorite 
with  a  Boston  audience  as  Susan  B.  Anthony.  Her  courage  and  strength  and 
the  patient  devotion  of  a  life  consecrated  to  the  advancement  and  the  eleva¬ 
tion  of  womanhood,  her  invincible  honor,  her  logic  and  her  power  to  touch 
and  sway  all  hearts,  are  felt  and  reverently  recognized.  The  young  women 
of  the  day  may  well  feel  that  it  is  she  who  has  made  life  possible  to  them ;  who 
has  trodden  the  thorny  paths  and,  by  her  unwearied  devotion,  has  opened  to 
them  the  professions  and  higher  applied  industries ;  nor  is  this  detracting 
from  those  who  now  share  with  her  the  labor  and  the  glory.  Each  and  all 
recognize  the  individual  devotion,  the  purity  and  singleness  of  purpose  that 
so  eminently  distinguish  Miss  Anthony. 


THE  LEGACY - NEBRASKA  CAMPAIGN - OFF  FOR  EUROPE.  535 

The  convention  closed  with  a  reception  at  the  elegant  home 
of  Mrs.  Fenno  Tudor,  on  Beacon  Hill. 

After  leaving  Boston,  this  distinguished  body  of  women 
made  the  sweep  of  New  England,  holding  conventions  in 
Providence,  R.  I.;  Portland,  Me.;  Dover,  Concord  and  Keene, 
N.  H.;  Hartford  and  New  Haven,  Conn.  The  national  board 
of  officers  received  an  infusion  of  new  blood  this  year  through 
the  election  of  May  Wright  Sewall,  chairman  executive  com¬ 
mittee,  and  Rachel  Foster,  corresponding  secretary.  Miss 
Anthony  writes,  “It  is  such  a  relief  to  rolloff  part  of  the 
burden  on  stronger,  younger  shoulders.”  This  entire  round 
of  conventions  was  arranged  by  Miss  Foster,  a  remarkable 
work  for  an  inexperienced  girl. 

At  Concord  Miss  Anthony  was  entertained  in  the  family  of 
her  old  friend  and  co-laborer,  Parker  Pillsbury,  and  after  her 
departure  Mrs.  Pillsbury  wrote  :  "I  am  so  very  happy  to 
know  you  personally,  and  I  thank  you  for  the  compliment 
you  bestow  in  asking  me  to  enroll  my  name  among  the  most 
grand  and  noble  women  of  our  land.  I  shall  enjoy  being- 
counted  worthy  to  place  it  in  company  with  dear  Miss  Anthony. 
Mr.  Cogswell  says  many  men  (some  members  of  the  Legisla¬ 
ture  among  them)  in  talking  with  him  have  expressed  unex¬ 
pected  satisfaction  in  the  speeches  of  the  convention  just 
holden — especially  in  yours,  and  he  says,  ‘  She  is  a  host  in 
herself,  I  like  her  practical  common  sense.  *  ” 

There  was  comfort  in  a  letter  received  at  this  time  from 
Elizabeth  Boynton  Harbert,  president  of  the  Illinois  Suffrage 
Association  and  one  of  the  Inter-Ocean  staff  : 

Before  entering  upon  our  usual  business  talk,  I  want  to  wish  you  all  beau¬ 
tiful  and  peaceful  things  this  summer  morning,  and  tell  you  of  a  rare  and 
genuine  tribute  to  yourself  which  brought  tears  of  gladness  to  my  own  eyes 
when  I  heard  it.  In  talking  to  some  of  the  old  workers,  I  referred  to  your 
life-long  sacrifice  and  wondered  how  we  could  develop  a  similar  spirit  in  our 
younger  women,  when  Mrs.  Zerelda  Wallace  said  with  great  impressiveness: 

#  dear  sisters,  I  want  to  say  this,  and  to  say  it  with  a  profound  realiza¬ 
tion  of  all  that  it  means,  that  to  me,  the  person  who,  next  to  Jesus  Christ 
himself,  has  shown  to  the  world  a  life  of  perfect  unselfishness,  is  Susan  B. 
Anthony.  I  tell  you  this,  my  dear  friend,  because  I  believe  such  a  tribute 
from  such  a  woman  will  lighten  some  of  the  burdens. 


536 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Many  similar  letters  were  now  received  every  year,  and  were 
as  sweet  and  fragrant  flowers  in  a  pathway  which  had  contained 
more  thorns  than  roses. 

In  the  hot  summer  of  1881  Miss  Anthony  went  again  to  Al¬ 
bany  to  spend  the  last  weeks  with  another  friend,  Phebe  Hoag 
Jones,  who  passed  away  July  27.  She  was  the  intimate  asso¬ 
ciate  of  Lydia  Mott  and  the  last  of  that  little  band  of  Abolition¬ 
ists  so  conspicuous  in  the  Democratic  stronghold  of  Albany  for 
many  years  preceding  the  war.  At  her  death  Miss  Anthony 
felt  that  she  had  no  longer  an  abiding  place  in  the  State  capi¬ 
tal,  and  expressed  this  feeling  in  a  letter  to  Mrs.  Spofford,  who 
replied  :  “  You  speak  of  no  longer  having  a  home  in  Albany. 

Why,  the  best  homes  in  that  city  should  be  gladly  opened  to 
you,  and  some  day  those  people  will  wake  up  and  wonder  why 
they  did  not  take  you  in  their  arms  and  hearts  and  help  you 
in  your  work/’1 

All  the  letters  during  this  summer  are  filled  with  sorrow 
over  the  assassination,  long  suffering  and  death  of  President 

Gai field.  After  all  was  ended  Miss  Anthony  wrote  to  a 
friend  : 


In  the  reported  death-bed  utterances  of  our  President,  the  only  one  which  has 
grated  on  my  ears  was  that  in  answer  to  the  query  whether  he  had  made  a  will : 
“  No,  and  he  did  not  wish  one,  as  he  could  trust  the  courts  to  do  justice  to  his 
wife  and  children. ”  How  little  even  the  best  of  men  see  and  feel  the  dire 
humiliation  and  suffering  to  the  wife,  the  widow,  who  is  left  to  the  justice  of 
the  courts!  My  heart  aches  because  of  man’s  insensibility  to  the  cruelty  of 
thus  leaving  woman.  How  can  we  teach  them  the  lesson  that  the  wife  suf¬ 
fers  all  the  torment  under  the  law’s  assuming  her  rights  to  her  property  and 
her  children,  which  the  husband  would,  should  it  assume  similar  ownership 
and  control  over  him,  his  property  and  children  after  his  wife’s  death. 

What  a  twelve  weeks  these  have  been,  and  what  a  funeral  pall  has  rested 
upon  us  the  past  week.  Every  nook  and  corner,  every  mountaintop  and  val¬ 
ley  is  shrouded  in  sorrow  for  this  crime  against  the  nation.  Today  the  min¬ 
isters  are  preaching  their  sermons  on  the  life  and  character  of  Garfield.  Our 
Unitarian,  Mr.  Mann,  made  his  special  point  on  the  fact  that  all  the  people 
of  every  sect  had  united  in  endorsement  of  Garfield’s  religion,  which  was 
most  emphatically  one  of  life  and  action,  natural,  without  cant  or  observance 
of  the  outward  rites  and  ceremonies.  There  is  no  report  of  even  a  minister’s 
being  asked  to  pray  with  him.  When  the  bells  told  of  the  people’s  day  of  spe- 


’  This  comment  applies  with  equal  force  to  Albany  today.  It  is  the  only  city  in  the  United 
S  ates  where  Miss  Anthony  has  not  a  standing  invitation  to  a  number  of  hospitable  homes. 


THE  LEGACY - NEBRASKA  CAMPAIGN - OFF  FOR  EUROPE.  537 

cial  prayer  for  his  life,  he  exclaimed,  “  God  bless  the  people,”  but  covered  his 
face,  as  much  as  to  say,  “  Nothing  but  science  can  determine  this  case.” 

In  the  late  summer  and  fall  Mrs.  Stanton  had  a  tedious  and 
alarming  attack  of  malarial  fever,  and  Miss  Anthony  was 
greatly  distressed  because  some  of  her  family  insisted  that  it 
was  produced  by  the  long,  hard  strain  of  the  work  on  the  His¬ 
tory.  She  writes  :  “  It  is  so  easy  to  charge  every  ill  to  her 

labors  for  suffrage,  while  she  knows  and  I  know  that  it  is  her 
work  for  woman  which  has  kept  her  young  and  fresh  and 
happy  all  these  years.  Mrs.  Stanton  has  written  me  that  dur¬ 
ing  her  illness  ‘  she  suffered  more  from  her  fear  that  she  never 
should  finish  the  History  than  from  the  thought  of  parting  with 
all  her  friends.’  ” 

The  National  Prohibition  Alliance,  which  met  in  New  York, 
October  18,  invited  her  to  take  an  official  part  in  its  proceed¬ 
ings.  She  declined  to  do  so  but  attended  the  meeting  and,  af¬ 
ter  a  visit  to  Mrs.  Stanton,  went  to  Washington  to  the  national 
convention  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  She  had  three  reasons  for  this  : 
1st,  she  understood  there  was  to  be  an  attempt  to  supersede 
Miss  Willard,  to  whom  she  had  become  very  much  attached  ; 
2d,  an  effort  was  to  be  made  to  commit  the  association  to  wo¬ 
man  suffrage  ;  and  3d,  she  had  made  up  her  mind  to  see  Pres¬ 
ident  Arthur  on  business  connected  with  her  own  organization. 
She  sat  in  the  convention  through  all  the  three  days’  sessions 
and,  on  motion  of  Mrs.  J.  Ellen  Foster,  was  invited  to  address 
it  and  was  introduced  by  Miss  Willard  in  words  of  strong  ap¬ 
proval.  A  prominent  woman  who  was  opposed  to  Miss  Wil¬ 
lard’s  re-election  went  among  the  delegates,  assuring  them  in 
the  most  solemn  manner  that  Miss  Willard  had  insulted  every 
one  of  them  by  introducing  Miss  Anthony  on  the  platform,  as 
she  did  not  recognize  God.  “  Well,”  replied  one  of  them,  an 
Indianapolis  woman,  “  I  don’t  know  about  that,  but  I  do  know 
that  God  has  recognized  her  and  her  work  for  the  last  thirty 
years.  ” 

She  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  Miss  Willard  triumphantly 
re-elected,  an  equal  suffrage  resolution  adopted  and  a  depart¬ 
ment  of  franchise  established.  “  So  the  Christian  craft  of  that 


538 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


gieat  organization  lias  set  sail  on  tlie  wide  sea  of  woman’s  en- 
franchisement,  ”  she  comments.  At  the  close  of  the  conven¬ 
tion  this  amusing  card  was  sent  to  the  press  :  “All  presidents 
of  State  delegations  represented  in  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U. 
desire  to  explain,  in  refutation  of  a  statement  in  the  Post  of 
October  31,  that,  so  far  from  ‘  capturing  the  convention,’  Miss 
Susan  B.  Anthony  made  no  effort  to  influence  their  delegations 
in  public  or  in  private,  and  is  not,  nor  ever  has  been,  a  mem¬ 
ber  of  the  W.  C.  T.  IT.,  either  local,  State  or  national,  hence 
has  had  no  part  in  its  deliberations.” 

The  President,  who  was  an  old  schoolmate  of  her  brother 
Daniel  R.,  granted  her  a  pleasant  interview,  arranged  by  Sen¬ 
ator  Jones,  of  Nevada,  in  which  she  urged  him  to  recommend 
in  his  message  to  Congress  a  standing  committee  on  the  rights 
of  women  and  also  a  Sixteenth  Amendment  which  should  en¬ 
franchise  them.  The  reporters  learned  of  this  interview  and, 
as  a  result,  newspapers  throughout  the  country  used  a  portion 
of  their  valuable  space  in  describing  “how  President  Arthur 
squeezed  Susan  B.  Anthony’s  hand  !” 

On  the  way  home  she  stopped  in  Philadelphia  and,  with 
Rachel  Foster  and  Adeline  Thomson,  called  on  George  W 
Childs,  who  gave  to  her  $50  for  “  the  cause,”  and  to  each  of 
them  one  of  his  rare  china  cups  and  saucers.  On  November  7 
work  on  the  History  was  again  resumed.  The  29th  was  Wen- 
dell  Phillips’  seventieth  birthday  and  Miss  Anthony  wrote 
him  a  letter  of  congratulation,  telling  him  that  she  always  had 
found  comfort  in  the  thought  that,  when  there  were  differences 
between  them,  she  had  had  his  respect  if  not  his  approval. 
Pie  replied  with  the  following  affectionate  note:  “Hearty 
thanks  for  your  congratulations.  The  band  grows  smaller 
month  by  month.  We  ought  to  stand  closer  together.  You 
and  I  have  differed  as  all  earnest  souls  must.  I  trust  each 
always  believed  the  other  to  be  true  in  spirit.  I  know  I  always 
did,  touching  yourself.  You  are  good  to  assure  me  you  have  had 
the  same  faith  in  me,  and  T  hope  when  you  reach  threescore 
and  ten,  some  kind  friend  will  cheer  you  with  equally  gener- 
ous  and  welcome  words.” 


THE  LEGACY-— NEBRASKA  CAMPAIGN - OFF  FOR  EUROPE.  539 

The  last  entry  in  the  diary  for  1881  says  :  “  The  year  closes 

down  on  a  wilderness  of  work,  a  swamp  of  letters  and  papers 
almost  hopeless.”  She  attacked  it,  however,  with  that  sublime 
courage  which  was  ever  her  strongest  characteristic,  and  at  the 
end  of  the  first  week  of  the  new  year  the  heaviest  part  of  the 
burden  was  lifted  from  her  shoulders  by  the  receipt  of  this  let¬ 
ter  from  Mr.  Phillips  : 

Dear  Susan:  Our  friend  Mrs.  Eliza  Eddy,  Francis  Jackson’s  daughter, 
died  a  week  ago  Thursday.  At  her  request,  I  made  her  will  some  weeks  be¬ 
fore.  Her  man  of  business,  devoted  to  her  for  twenty-five  years,  Mr.  C.  R. 
Ransom  (ex-president  of  one  of  our  banks)  is  the  executor.  He  and  I  were 
present  and  consulted,  and  we  know  all  her  intentions  and  wishes  from  long 
talks  with  her  in  years  gone  by.  After  making  various  bequests,  she  ordered 
the  remainder  divided  equally  between  you  and  Lucy  Stone.  There  is  no 
question  whatever  that  your  portion  will  be  $25,000  or  $28,000.  I  advised  her, 
in  order  to  avoid  all  lawyers,  to  give  this  sum  to  you  outright,  with  no  re¬ 
sponsibility  to  any  one  or  any  court,  only  “  requesting  you  to  use  it  for  the  ad¬ 
vancement  of  the  woman’s  cause.” 

After  all  the  years  of  toil  without  financial  recompense,  of 
struggling  to  accomplish  her  work  with  wholly  insufficient 
means,  of  depending  from  month  to  month  on  the  few  dollars 
which  could  be  gathered  in,  Miss  Anthony’s  joy  and  gratitude 
scarcely  could  find  expression  in  words.  She  answered  at  once: 

Your  most  surprising  letter  reached  me  last  evening.  How  worthy  the 
daughter  of  Francis  Jackson!  How  it  carries  me  back  to  his  generous  gift  of 
$5,000 ;  to  that  noble,  fatherly  man  and  that  quiet,  lovely  daughter  in  his  home. 
Never  going  to  Boston  during  the  past  fifteen  years,  I  had  lost  sight  of  her, 
though  I  had  not  forgotten  her  by  any  means.  How  little  thought  have  I  had 
all  these  years  that  she  cherished  this  marvellous  trust  in  me,  and  now  I  rec¬ 
ognize  in  her  munificent  legacy  your  own  faith  in  me,  for  such  was  her  confi¬ 
dence  in  you  that  I  feel  sure  she  would  not  have  thus  willed,  if  you  had  not 
fully  endorsed  her  wish.  So  to  you,  my  dear  friend,  as  to  her,  my  unspeak¬ 
able  gratitude  goes  out.  May  I  prove  worthy  the  care  and  disposal  of  what¬ 
ever  shall  come  into  my  hands.  Will  you,  as  my  friend  and  Mrs.  Eddy’s,  ever 
feel  free  to  suggest  and  advise  me  as  to  a  wise  use  thereof  ?  I  am  very  glad  it 
was  your  privilege  to  be  with  her  through  these  years  of  her  loneliness.  I  am 
pleased  that  you  and  Mr.  Ransom  propose  to  appropriate  something  to  her 
faitnful  brother  James,  and  most  cheerfully  do  I  put  my  name  to  the  paper  you 
enclose,  with  the  fullest  confidence  that  you  would  ask  of  me  nothing  but 
right  and  justice  to  all  parties. 


540 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


A  few  days  afterwards  she  received  another  letter  from  Mr. 
Phillips  : 

You  remember  Mrs.  Bacon  (Mrs.  Eddy’s  daughter)  died  about  a  week  after 
she  did.  Her  husband  (who  Mrs.  Eddy  knew  would  disturb  her  will  if  he 
could)  is  trying  ostensibly  to  break  it,  really  to  force  you  and  Lucy  Stone  to 
buy  him  off.  The  grounds  on  which  he  objects  to  the  will  are  “  that  she  was 
of  unsound  mind  ;  that  I  and  her  executor  exercised  over  her  an  undue  influ¬ 
ence  in  urging  her  to  leave  her  money  as  she  did ;  and  that  she  did  not  know 
how  much  she  was  willing  away.”  The  truth  is,  we  never  said  one  word  to 
her.  It  was  her  own  plan  entirely  to  leave  it  to  woman’s  rights.  Mr.  Bacon 
knows  there  is  not  a  ghost  of  a  chance  of  his  succeeding.  The  executor  and 
I  have  retained  Benjamin  F.  Butler  and  mean  to  fight  to  have  Mrs.  Eddy’s 
will  executed  as  she  wished.  The  Misses  Eddy  sustain  the  will  and  wish  it 
carried  out  to  the  letter,  and  say  if  it  is  broken  they  shall  give  their  portion 
to  the  woman’s  rights  cause,  to  you  and  Lucy.  I’ll  tell  you  when  any  news 
is  to  be  had.  We  are  doing  our  best  to  protect  your  interests. 

This  was  the  beginning  of  litigation  which  continued  for 
three  years,  and  was  a  source  of  annoyance  to  Miss  Anthony 
in  other  respects  besides  being  deprived  of  the  money.  The 
fact  of  the  bequest  naturally  being  heralded  far  and  wide  by 
the  newspapers,  appeals  and  demands  for  a  share  of  it  poured 
in  from  all  quarters,  and  she  had  much  difficulty  in  persuad¬ 
ing  people  that  she  had  not  the  money  already  in  her  hands  to 
be  divided. 

In  company  with  Mrs.  Stanton,  Miss  Anthony  arrived  in 
Washington  January  16,  1882,  to  attend  the  Fourteenth  An¬ 
nual  Convention.  The  effort  to  secure  a  special  committee  on 
woman  suffrage  which  had  failed  in  the  Forty-sixth  Congress 
was  successful  in  the  Forty-seventh,  through  the  champion¬ 
ship  of  Senators  Hoar  and  John  A.  Logan,  Representatives 
John  D.  White,  of  Kentucky,  Thomas  B.  Reed  and  others. 
There  was  bitter  opposition  by  Senator  Vest,  of  Missouri,  who 
declared  it  to  be  “  a  step  toward  the  recognition  of  woman  suf¬ 
frage,  which  has  nothing  in  it  but  mischief  to  the  institutions 
and  to  the  society  of  the  whole  country.’ 7  In  his  zeal  he 
dropped  into  poetry,  saying, 

“A  woman’s  noblest  station  is  retreat, 

Her  fairest  virtues  fly  from  public  sight,” 


THE  LEGACY - NEBRASKA  CAMPAIGN - OFF  FOR  EUROPE.  541 

and  so,  of  course,  she  had  no  need  of  a  special  committee.  It 
was  vigorously  opposed  also  by  Senator  Beck,  of  Kentucky, 
who  said  "‘the  colored  women’s  votes  could  be  bought  for  fifty 
cents  apiece;”  and  by  Senator  Morgan,  of  Alabama,  who  made 
a  stump  speech  on  "  dissevered  homes,  disbanded  families, 
pot-house  politicians  seated  at  the  fireside  with  another  man’s 
wife,  women  fighting  their  way  to  the  polls  through  crowds  of 
negroes  and  ruffians,”  etc.1  It  was  carried  in  the  Senate  by  a 
vote  of  35  to  23 ;  in  the  House,  a  month  later,  by  a  vote  of  115 
to  84.  Miss  Anthony  says  of  this  in  her  diary  :  "If  the  best 
of  worldly  good  had  come  to  me  personally,  I  could  not  feel 
more  joyous  and  blest.” 

In  addition  to  the  usual  distinguished  array  of  speakers 
were  Rev.  Frederick  Hinckley,  Representative  G.  S.  Orth,  of 
Indiana,  Senator  Saunders,  of  Nebraska,  Clara  B.  Colby,  Har- 
riette  R.  Shattuck  and  Helen  M.  Gougar,  all  new  on  the  National 
platform.  The  Senate  committee  on  woman  suffrage  just  ap¬ 
pointed,  granted  a  hearing  January  20,  and  at  its  close  expressed 
a  desire  to  hear  other  speakers  among  the  ladies  on  the  follow¬ 
ing  day.  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Stanton  presented  each  of 
the  members  of  the  committee  with  the  first  volume  of  the 
History  of  Woman  Suffrage. 

The  convention  closed  with  the  usual  handsome  reception  at 
the  Riggs  House  and  immediately  afterwards  most  of  the 
speakers  went  to  Philadelphia,  where  Rachel  Foster  had 
arranged  for  another  convention.2  This  was  held  at  St. George’s 
Hall,  January  23,  24,  25,  welcomed  by  Rev.  Charles  G.  Ames, 
and  was  highly  successful.  A  pleasant  feature  of  this  occasion 
was  a  luncheon  given  by  that  revered  Quaker  and  temperance 
worker,  Mrs.  Hannah  Whitall  Smith,  of  Germantown,  to 
twelve  of  the  prominent  speakers. 

The  two  historians  hastened  back  to  their  work,  which  was 
interrupted  only  by  Miss  Anthony’s  going  to  the  New  York 
State  Suffrage  Convention  held  in  Chickering  Hall,  February  1. 

1  For  full  report  of  debate  see  History  of  Woman  Suffrage,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  198. 

2  Hiss  Anthony,  Mrs.  Sewall  and  Mrs.  Jane  Graham  Jones  remained  over  one  day  to  ap¬ 
pear  before  the  House  committee,  presenting  arguments  in  favor  of  abolishing  the  word 
“male”  from  the  Constitution  of  Dakota  before  admitting  it  as  a  State. 


542 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Calls  for  her  presence  and  help  came  from  many  parts  of  the 
country.  “  0,  how  I  long  to  be  in  the  midst  of  the  fray/  '  she 
writes,  “  and  here  I  am  bound  hand  and  foot.  I  shall  feel  like 
an  uncaged  lion  when  this  book  is  off  my  hands.”  On 
February  15,  her  birthday  was  celebrated  by  suffrage  clubs  in 
many  places,1  but  she  refused  to  be  drawn  out  of  her  retreat, 
where  she  was  remembered  with  telegrams,  newspaper  notices 
and  gifts.  In  quoting  a  complimentary  reference  from  the 
Rochester  Herald,  the  Elmira  Free  Press  commented  : 

The  Herald  says  too  little.  Miss  Anthony  has  labored  for  the  most  part 
without  money,  and  from  pure  love  of  the  principle  to  which  she  has  devoted 
her  life.  She  is  as  good  a  knight  as  has  enlisted  in  any  crusade,  and  has 
sacrificed  as  much  and  been  as  faithful  and  true.  She  has  been  thrice  true, 
indeed,  because  of  the  ridicule  showered  on  her  as  a  woman  trying  to  do  a 
man’s  wrork.  No  man  ever  had  the  courage  of  his  convictions  as  much  as  she. 
It  takes  a  bold  spirit  to  stand  up  against  the  dangers  of  gunpowder  in  the  old- 
time,  legitimate  way ;  but  it  is  a  braver  one  that  withstands  ridicule  and  that 
mean  cunning  which  makes  wit  of  every  act  looking  toward  the  advancement 
of  women.  The  Free  Press  has  perhaps  had  as  many  of  the  frowns  of  this 
“  good  gray  poet  ”  of  the  woman’s  cause  as  anybody.  It  has  seen  enough  of 
them  to  know,  however,  that  behind  that  somewhat  frigid  exterior  is  a  sensi¬ 
tiveness  which  would  well  become  a  girl  of  sixteen  rather  than  a  lady  of 
sixty-two  and  which  shows  that  the  woman  is  always  the  woman ;  and  it 
wants  to  present  its  compliments  to  the  bravest  and  grandest  old  lady  within 
the  circle  of  its  acquaintance. 

The  Washington  Republic  furnished  another  example  of  the 
pleasant  things  said  : 

Miss  Anthony,  whom  we  know  well  and  of  whom  we  can  speak  from  per¬ 
sonal  experience,  is  so  broad  in  her  charity,  so  cosmopolitan  in  her  sympa¬ 
thies,  that  she  will  stand,  without  fearing  speck  or  soil,  beside  any  publican 
or  sinner  whose  eyes  have  been  opened  to  see  the  good  in  woman’s  rights, 
and  who  is  willing  to  help  on  the  work  in  his  own  way.  For  herself  she 
never  deviates  from  the  principles  she  espoused  when,  stepping  upon  the 
rostrum  to  plead  for  disfranchised  women,  she  determined  that  her  life  work 
should  be  endeavoring  to  procure  for  her  sex  all  the  rights  and  privileges  of 
which  exclusively  male  legislation  had  for  ages  defrauded  them.  With  eyes 
steadily  fixed  upon  the  goal  she  has  in  view,  neither  the  jeers  nor  ridicule  of 
the  crowds  without,  nor  the  jealous  asides  of  those  claiming  to  be  workers  in 
the  same  cause,  have  had  power  to  distract  her  attention  or  make  her  turn 
from  her  labor  to  answer  or  rebuke. 

1  This  national  celebration  of  Miss  Anthony’s  birthday  by  suffrage  clubs  was  first  suggested 
by  Elizabeth  Boynton  Harbert,  in  her  department,  “  Woman’s  Kingdom,”  in  the  Chicago 
Inter-Ocean. 


THE  LEGACY - NEBRASKA  CAMPAIGN - OFF  FOR  EUROPE.  543 

I  he  last  of  April  the  second  volume  of  the  History  was  com¬ 
pleted  and  its  editors  found  to  their  dismay  that  they  still  had 
enough  material  on  hand  for  a  third  huge  volume.  Mrs. 
Stanton  sailed  for  Europe  with  her  daughter  Harriot,  and  after 
Miss  Anthony  had  read  the  last  bit  of  proof  and  seen  all  safe 
at  the  publishers,  she  obeyed  an  urgent  call  from  the  women 
at  AVashington  and  hastened  thither  to  look  after  the  congres¬ 
sional  committees  on  woman  suffrage. 

She  was  fortunate  in  her  friends  at  court  at  this  time,  hav¬ 
ing  two  cousins,  Elbridge  G.  Lapham  and  Henry  B.  Anthony, 
in  the  United  States  Senate,  and  her  lawyer,  John  Van  Voor- 
his,  of  Rochester,  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  all  in  favor 
of  woman  suffrage,  and  the  two  cousins  on  the  “select  com¬ 
mittee  of  the  Senate.  On  June  5,  1882,  this  committee 
made  a  report  in  favor  of  a  Sixteenth  Amendment  to  the  Con¬ 
stitution  of  the  United  States,  signed  by  the  Republican  sena¬ 
tors,  E.  G.  Lapham,  T.  W.  Ferry,  H.  AV.  Blair  and  H.  B. 
Anthony.  The  minority  report  took  the  ground  that  suffrage 
was  a  matter  which  should  be  regulated  solely  by  the  States, 
not  by  Congress,  and  was  signed  by  J.  Z.  George  and  Howell 
E.  Jackson  (Dems.),  and  James  G.  Fair  (Rep.). 

The  following  year,  March  1,  1883,  the  House  committee, 
John  D.  AATiite,  chairman,  presented  a  favorable  report.  This 
was  the  first  time  woman  suffrage  had  received  a  majority 
report  from  a  Senate  or  House  committee.1 


When  Miss  Anthony  returued  home  she  found  this  bright 
note  from  Harriot  Stanton,  dated  Paris  :  “  .  .  .  Dear  Susan, 

1  For  full  text  of  reports  see  History  of  Woman  Suffrage,  Vol.  Ill,,  p.  263. 


544 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


you  often  seem  to  me  like  a  superb  warhorse.  You  are  com¬ 
pletely  swallowed  up  in  an  idea,  and  it’s  a  glorious  thing  to  be. 
Carlyle  says,  *  The  end  of  man  is  an  Action,  not  a  Thought,’ 
and  what  a  realization  of  that  truth  has  your  life  been.  You 
have  never  stopped  for  idle  culture  or  happy  recreations. 
You  are  possessed  by  a  moral  force,  and  you  act.  You  are  a 
Deed,  not  a  Thinking.  ...  I  should  love  to  be  your  biogra¬ 
pher.  You  are  to  other  women  of  your  time  just  what  Greek 
architecture  is  to  Gothic.  I  long  to  carve  your  literary  image, 
and  know  I  could.” 

If  Miss  Anthony  had  any  hope  of  rest  it  was  soon  dispelled. 
The  legislature  of  Nebraska  had  submitted  a  woman  suffrage 
amendment,  and  the  women  of  that  State  called  upon  the 
National  Association  for  assistance.  After  a  vast  amount  of 
preliminary  correspondence  she  left  Rochester  September  2,  and 
travelled  westward,  leaving  a  trail  of  newspaper  interviews  in 
her  wake,  as  she  was  intercepted  by  reporters  at  every  city. 
En  route  she  wrote  to  her  friend  Mrs.  Nichols  :  “  Only  think, 
I  shall  not  have  a  white-haired  woman  on  the  platform  with 
me,  and  shall  be  alone  there  of  all  the  pioneer  workers. 
Always  with  the  ‘  old  guard  ’  I  had  perfect  confidence  that  the 
wise  and  right  thing  would  be  said.  What  a  platform  ours 
then  was  of  self-reliant,  strong  women!  I  felt  sure  of  you  all, 
and  since  you  earliest  ones  have  not  been  with  us,  Mrs.  Stan¬ 
ton’s  presence  has  ever  made  me  feel  that  we  should  get  the 
true  and  brave  word  spoken.  Now  that  she  is  not  to  be  there, 
I  can  not  quite  feel  certain  that  our  younger  sisters  will  be 
equal  to  the  emergency,  yet  they  are  each  and  all  valiant, 
earnest  and  talented,  and  will  soon  be  left  to  manage  the  ship 
without  even  me.” 

The  opening  convention  was  held  in  Boyd’s  Opera  House, 
Omaha,  September  26,  27,  28.  The  Bee  was  ironical  and  con¬ 
temptuous  in  its  treatment,  heading  its  report  “  Mad  Anthony’s 
Raid.”  The  Herald,  under  control  of  a  young  son  of  U.  S. 
Senator  Hitchcock,  was  vulgar  and  abusive,  referring  to  the 
question  as  a  “  dead  issue.”  The  Republican,  edited  by  D.  C. 
Brooks,  replied  : 


THE  LEGACY - NEBRASKA  CAMPAIGN - OFF  FOR  EUROPE.  545 

Pretty  Lively  “  Dead  Issue.”— During  the  three  days’ sessions  of  the 
woman  suffrage  convention,  we  estimate  that  7,000  people  were  in  attendance. 
The  Republican,  in  its  three  daily  issues,  and  its  coming  weekly  issue,  will 
have  laid  the  proceedings  in  full  before  about  75,000  readers,  and  the  Bee  and 
Herald  will  have  given  them  nearly  as  many  more.  Fora  “  dead  issue  ”  we 
submit  this  is  a  pretty  respectable  showing.  Considered  as  a  series  of  political 
meetings,  the  suffrage  convention  had  more  hearers  than  all  the  Democratic 
meetings  and  conventions  held  in  Omaha  during  the  last  five  years.  The 
audiences  were  truly  representative,  embracing  the  business,  professional 
and  working  interests  of  our  city,  and  composed  very  largely  of  voters  and  citi¬ 
zens  influential  in  politics. 

The  next  convention  was  held  in  Lincoln  with  the  same 
crowded  houses.  The  newspapers  were  fair  in  their  reports. 
The  National  Association  raised  $5,000  by  contributions, 
mostly  from  outside  the  State.  Miss  Anthony  gave  her  time 
and  services  and  over  $1,000  in  money  besides  all  she  collected. 
Mrs.  Foster  and  daughters  contributed  $500.  Eleven  speakers 
were  kept  in  the  field,1  and  all  the  complicated  series  of  meet¬ 
ings  was  arranged  and  managed  by  Rachel  Foster,  assisted  by 
Mrs.  Colby.  Miss  Anthony  herself  spoke  in  forty  counties, 
free  transportation  being  given  her  by  all  the  railroads  in  the 
State.  On  October  13,  she  held  the  famous  debate  at  Omaha 
with  Edward  Rosewater,  editor  of  the  Bee,  in  the  presence  of 
an  immense  audience.  Everywhere  her  meetings  were  perfect 
ovations,  people  coming  in  from  a  radius  of  twenty-five  miles  ; 
and  outside  of  Lincoln  and  Omaha,  there  was  no  audience- 
room  large  enough  to  hold  the  crowds. 

A  splendid  force  of  Nebraska  women  conducted  the  campaign 
in  behalf  of  the  State.  Every  effort  possible  was  made  in  the 
brief  space  of  six  weeks,  but  the  masses  of  voters  were  not  pre¬ 
pared  for  the  question,  most  of  the  leading  newspapers  opposed 
it,  and  the  women  had  no  help  from  either  of  the  political  par¬ 
ties.  In  spite  of  these  fatal  drawbacks,  the  suffrage  amend¬ 
ment  received  about  one-third  of  the  total  vote.2 

1  Mrs.  Sewall,  Mrs.  Gougar,  Miss  Couzins,  Mrs.  Minor,  Mrs.  Saxon,  Miss  Hindman,  Mrs. 
Skattuck,  Mrs.  Mason,  Madame  Neymann,  Mrs.  Blake  and  Miss  Anthony. 

2  After  the  election  some  of  the  students  of  the  State  University  placed  an  effigy  of  Miss 
Anthony  in  a  coffin  and  with  torches  and  pallbearers  started  in  a  funeral  procession.  They 
were  met  by  another  crowd  of  students  who,  to  preserve  the  honor  of  the  university,  over¬ 
powered  them  and  took  the  effigy  away. 

Ant. — 35 


546 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Miss  Anthony  returned  home  by  way  of  St.  Louis,  where 
Mrs.  Minor  gave  a  large  reception  in  her  honor.  When  she 
reached  Rochester  she  was  invited  by  the  Lincoln  Club,  one  of 
the  leading  political  organizations  of  the  city,  to  give  her  ad¬ 
dress,  “  Woman  Wants  Bread,  not  the  Ballot.  ”  The  Demo¬ 
crat  and  Chronicle  said  in  its  report  :  “  The  large  audience- 

room  of  the  city  hall  was  completely  filled,  and  many  extra 
seats  were  brought  in.  A  number  of  prominent  ladies  and 
gentlemen  occupied  seats  upon  the  platform.  W.  E.  Werner, 
president  of  the  club,  in  introducing  the  speaker,  said  it  was 
fitting  the  hall  should  be  full  to  overflowing  with  an  audience 
anxious  to  hear  the  greatest  advocate  of  one  of  the  greatest 
questions  of  the  day/’ 

Miss  Anthony  had  made  a  short  trip  to  Washington  imme¬ 
diately  upon  her  return  from  Nebraska,  to  confer  with  the 
select  committees  on  woman  suffrage  and  also  to  make  final 
arrangements  for  the  approaching  National  Convention.  It  met 
in  Lincoln  Hall,  January  23,  24  and  25,  1883,  and  she  pre¬ 
sided  over  its  deliberations. 

In  response  to  many  urgent  letters  written  by  Mrs.  Stanton 
from  England,  and  encouraged  by  friends  at  home  who  felt 
that  she  needed  a  long  rest  after  more  than  thirty  years  of  un¬ 
interrupted  public  work,  Miss  Anthony  decided  to  make  a  trip 
abroad.  As  Rachel  Foster  contemplated  a  few  years’  study  in 
Europe,  the  pleasant  arrangement  was  made  that  she  should 
undertake  the  financial  management  of  the  journe}7,  act  as  in¬ 
terpreter  and  give  Miss  Anthony  the  care  and  attention  her 
loving  heart  would  suggest.1  Miss  Anthony’s  sixty-third 
birthday  being  near  at  hand,  the  friends  in  Philadelphia,  led  by 
the  Citizens’  Suffrage  Association,  Edward  M.  Davis,  presi¬ 
dent,  tendered  her  a  reception,  which  circumstances  rendered 
it  necessary  to  hold  on  the  19th  instead  of  the  15th  of  Feb¬ 
ruary.  The  Philadelphia  Times  gave  this  account : 

1  It  was  on  this  trip  that,  as  “Miss  Anthony”  seemed  too  formal  and  “Susan”  too  familiar, 
Miss  Foster  adopted  the  endearing  title  “Aunt  Susan.”  After  they  returned  and  a  few 
of  the  younger  workers  most  closely  associated  with  her  began  to  use  this  name,  Miss 
Anthony  did  not  object ;  but  when  it  came  into  general  use  and  not  only  older  women  and 
comparative  strangers,  but  men  also,  and  the  newspapers,  fell  into  the  habit  of  calling  her 
“Aunt  Susan,”  she  was  very  much  annoyed  and  never  heard  or  saw  the  name  without  an  in¬ 
ward  protest. 


THE  LEGACY - NEBRASKA  CAMPAIGN - OFF  FOR  EUROPE.  547 


The  parlor  of  the  Unitarian  church  was  filled  to  overflowing  on  the  occa¬ 
sion  of  the  farewell  reception  to  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony.  After  prayer  by 
Rev.  Charles  G.  Ames,  Robert  Purvis,  who  presided,  said  in  a  brief  and 
earnest  address:  “  I  have  the  honor,  on  behalf  of  the  National  Suffrage 
Association,  to  present  to  you  these  resolutions  testifyiug  to  their  high  regard, 
confidence,  and  affection.”  After  the  applause  which  the  resolutions  evoked, 
Mr.  Purvis  continued:  “  I  present  these  with  feelings  which  I  can  not  ex¬ 
press  in  words,  for  my  thoughts  take  me  back  in  vivid  recollection  to  those 
stormy  periods  of  persecution  and  outrage  when  you,  Miss  Anthony,  with 
the  foremost  in  the  ranks  of  the  Abolitionists,  battled  for  the  freedom  and 
rights  of  the  enslaved  race.  You  have  lived,  with  many  compeers,  to  see  the 
glorious  result  of  your  labors  in  redeeming  from  the  infamy  and  degradation 
of  chattelism  4,000,000  slaves.  That  done,  your  attention  was  turned  to  the 
greater  question — in  view  of  numbers — of  woman’s  emancipation  from  civil 
and  political  debasement.” 

Upon  rising  to  reply  Miss  Anthony  received  an  ovation.  She  said:  “I 
feel  that  I  must  speak,  because  if  I  should  hear  all  these  words  of  praise  and 
remain  silent,  I  should  seem  to  assent  to  tributes  which  I  do  not  wholly 
deserve.  My  kind  friends  have  spoken  almost  as  if  I  had  done  the  work,  or 
the  greater  part  of  it,  alone,  whereas  I  have  been  only  one  of  many  men 
and  women  who  have  labored  side  by  side  in  this  cause.  Philadelphia  has  had 
the  honor  of  giving  to  the  world  a  woman  who  led  the  way  in  this  noble 
effort.  Lucretia  Mott  and  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  were  active  in  the  good 
work  ere  my  attention  had  been  called  to  it.  It  was  through  their  influence 
that  I  was  led  to  consider  and  accept  the  then  new  doctrine.  Alone  I  should 
have  been  as  a  mere  straw  in  the  wind.  ...  I  have  known  nothing  the 
last  thirty  years  save  the  struggle  for  human  rights  on  this  continent.  If  it 
had  been  a  class  of  men  who  were  disfranchised  and  denied  their  legal  rights, 
I  believe  I  should  have  devoted  my  life  precisely  as  I  have  done  in  behalf  of 
my  own  sex.  I  hope  while  abroad  that  I  shall  do  something  to  recommend 
our  work  here,  so  as  to  make  them  respect  American  women  and  their  de¬ 
mand  for  political  equality . ” 

Letters,  telegrams,  flowers  and  gifts  were  received  in  great 
numbers.1 

May  Wright  Sewall  had  this  graphic  description  in  the  In¬ 
dianapolis  Times,  owned  and  edited  by  Col.  Wm.  R.  Holloway, 
an  earnest  advocate  of  woman  suffrage  : 

The  few  days  spent  in  Philadelphia  by  Miss  Anthony  prior  to  sailing  were 
a  series  of  fetes.  She  spoke  to  over  one  thousand  girls  of  the  Normal  School 
on  the  public  duties  of  women ;  was  officially  invited  to  visit  the  Woman’s 

'Amons  the  letters  was  the  following  from  Senator  John  J.  Ingalls:  “I  see  by  the 
papers  that  you  are  about  to  depart  for  Europe.  Though  I  do  not  sympathize  with  the 
opinions  whose  advocacy  has  made  you  famous,  yet  I  am  not  insensible  to  the  great  value 
of  the  example  of  your  courageous  and  self-denying  labors  to  the  cause  of  American 
womanhood.  I  hope  that  none  but  prosperous  gales  may  follow  your  ship,  that,  your 
visit  may  be  happy,  and  that  your  life  may  be  spared  till  your  aspirations  are  realized.” 


548 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Medical  College;  was  given  a  reception  by  the  New  Century  Club;  was  ten¬ 
dered  a  complimentary  dinner  by  Mrs.  Emma  J.  Bartol,  in  her  own  elegant 
home,  where  ten  courses  were  served  and  toasts  were  drunk  to  the  guest  of 
honor.  .  .  .  Letters  of  introduction,  quite  unsolicited,  poured  in  from 
friends  and  countrymen  personally  unknown  to  her,  who  thus  showed  their 
desire  to  facilitate  her  meeting  with  the  stars  of  various  desirable  circles 
abroad.  At  the  public  reception,  Robert  Purvis  presented  the  following  testi¬ 
monial,  beautifully  engrossed  on  vellum,  and  encased  in  garnet  velvet  with 
gold  borders : 

“  Resolved,  That  the  National  Woman  Suffrage  Association  of  the  United 
States  does  hereby  testify  its  appreciation  of  the  life-long  devotion  of  Susan 
B.  Anthony  to  the  cause  of  woman;  that  it  acknowledges  her  as  the  chief  in- 
spirer  of  women  in  their  struggle  for  personal  liberty,  for  civil  equity,  and  for 
political  equality ;  that  as  one  of  the  foremost  of  American  women  it  com¬ 
mends  her  to  the  women  of  foreign  lands. 

“  Resolved,  That  the  members  of  the  association  rejoice  in  the  approaching 
holiday  of  their  beloved  leader;  that  they  will  follow  her  wanderings  with 
affection  and  sympathy;  that  during  her  absence  they  will  steadfastly  uphold 
the  principles  to  which  her  life  has  been  devoted ;  that  on  her  return  they  will 
welcome  her  to  a  resumption  of  her  labors  and  hold  themselves  ready  to  work 
under  her  able  and  devoted  leadership.” 

Among  the  numerous  letters  and  telegrams  were  messages  from  Wendell 
Phillips,  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,  Frederick  Douglass,  Mary  Clemmer,  Helen 
Potter,  Emma  C.  Bascom  and  Dr.  Alida  C.  Avery.  .  .  .  Probably  no  testi¬ 
mony  was  more  enjoyed  than  the  following: 

“ Rochester,  N.  Y.,  the  Home  of  Susan  B.  Anthony:  In  this  open  letter 
old  friends  and  neighbors  unite  with  all  who  honor  the  birthday  of  its  true 
citizen,  and  express  the  sincere  wish  that  Miss  Anthony  in  her  sojourn  in 
strange  lands  may  find  what  she  has  in  full  measure  here  at  home— a  genuine 
appreciation  of  her  true  womanliness,  her  sturdy  adherence  to  honest  convic¬ 
tion  and  her  heroic  stand,  against  all  opposition,  for  the  higher  education  and 
enfranchisement  of  women.  Wishing  her  Godspeed  and  a  safe  return,  we, 
the  undersigned,  do  not  need  to  assure  her  that  neither  the  triumphs  nor  the 
defeats  of  her  future  public  life  will  change  our  estimation  of  her,  for  to  us  she 
will  ever  remain  what  her  life  among  us  has  proved  her  to  be— a  good,  true 
woman,  self-consecrated  to  the  cause  of  woman  in  every  land.” 

The  signatures  include  the  names  of  eighty  of  the  leading  men  and  women 
of  Rochester;  among  them  editors  of  the  papers  of  both  parties,  pastors  of  the 
prominent  churches,  university  professors,  bankers,  politicians,  etc.  Honor, 
if  tardy,  surely  comes  at  last  to  the  prophet  in  her  own  country.  A  song  writ¬ 
ten  for  the  occasion  and  inscribed  to  Miss  Anthony,  by  Annie  E.  McDowell, 
one  of  the  first  editors  of  a  woman’s  paper,  was  splendidly  sung  by  Mr.  Ford, 
the  composer,  who  had  set  it  to  music. 

Among  the  telegrams  was  this  from  her  brother,  D.  R. 
Anthony:  “Sixty-three  years  have  crowned  you  with  the 
honor  and  respect  of  the  people  of  America,  and  with  the  love 


* 


f 


THE  LEGACY - NEBRASKA  CAMPAIGN - OFF  FOR  EUROPE.  549 

of  your  brothers  and  sisters.”  From  the  friends  in  Washing¬ 
ton,  D.  C.,  came  a  plush  case,  on  whose  satin  lining  rested  an 
exquisite  point  lace  fichu  and  sleeve  ruffles.  A  New  York  gen¬ 
tleman  sent  $100  to  be  used  toward  the  purchase  of  an  India 
shawl,  writing  :  “  I  don’t  believe  in  woman  suffrage,  but  I  do 
believe  in  Susan  B.  Anthony.”  The  Cheney  Brothers  sent  a 
handsome  black  silk  dress  pattern ;  Helen  Potter,  a  steamer 
rug;  the  Fosters,  a  travelling  bag;  Adeline  and  Annie  Thom¬ 
son,  a  silver  cup  ;  Robert  Purvis,  a  gold-handled  umbrella, 
and  there  were  various  other  tokens  of  remembrance.  Many 
of  the  leading  papers  contained  an  editorial  farewell,  with  a 
hearty  compliment  and  Godspeed.  The  Chicago  Tribune, 
edited  by  Joseph  Medill,  offered  this  tribute: 

The  best  known  and  most  popular  woman  in  the  United  States,  engaged  in 
public  work,  is  Susan  B.  Anthony,  the  co-worker  of  Wm.  Lloyd  Garrison, 
Lydia  Maria  Child,  Wendell  Phillips,  Lucretia  Mott  and  others  in  the  anti¬ 
slavery  movement,  and  the  fellow-laborer  of  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  in  the 
woman’s  rights  movement.  She  ranks  first  among  the  warriors  in  this  latter 
contest,  because  she  has  lived  her  life  in  its  service  and  there  has  been  no 
side  issue  to  it.  Neither  father  nor  mother,  husband  nor  children,  have 
diverted  her  mind  from  her  hobby,  or  led  her  to  cease  for  a  day  from  the 
prosecution  of  the  task  she  set  out  to  accomplish.  .  .  .  Miss  Anthony  is 

an  American  woman  whom  the  better  class  of  English  people  particularly, 
and  of  foreigners  generally,  will  delight  to  honor,  and  one  that  her  country¬ 
women  are  pleased  to  have  represent  them.  She  is,  in  point  of  character  and 
ability,  one  of  the  few  of  her  sex  who  have  made  themselves  a  name  and  a 
place  in  the  history  of  her  time.  .  .  . 

She  has  had  occasion  to  speak  sharply,  to  lecture  women  severely,  when  in 
her  heart  she  would  have  preferred  to  praise ;  but  women  love  her  dearly  all 
the  same,  and  trust  her  implicitly.  In  integrity,  stainless  honor  and  gener¬ 
osity  of  sentiment  and  of  deed  she  has  no  peer.  She  has  stood  the  storm  of 
raillery  and  abuse  she  aroused,  as  the  leader  of  the  “  shrieking  sisterhood,” 
with  perfect  equanimity,  and  while  others  were  cowed  by  the  ridicule  which 
was  hardest  of  all  to  bear,  Miss  Anthony  busied  herself  using  this  opportunity 
to  show  to  women  the  real  opinion  of  them  entertained  by  the  stronger  sex. 

Only  those  who  are  aware  of  the  great  and  beneficent  changes  made  in  the 
laws  relating  to  the  rights  of  property,  for  instance,  can  at  all  estimate  the 
good  accomplished  by  these  brave  women.  Almost  all  the  leaders  in  the 
movement  are  gone.  Mrs.  Stanton  and  Miss  Anthony,  both  elderly  women, 
now  remain  in  the  work,  and  Miss  Anthony  alone  still  labors  with  the  old- 
time  zeal  and  freedom.  She  is  at  her  best  mentally  and  physically,  and  is 
likely  to  live  many  years  to  follow  up  the  work  she  is  now  doing.  The  best 
lesson  that  women  can  learn  from  her  life  is  that  success  in  any  one  thing  is 


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LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


secured  only  by  the  sacrifice  of  many  others,  and  that  for  a  woman  to  reach 
the  highest  place  in  her  chosen  pursuit  is  for  her  to  work  with  an  eye  single 
to  it,  counting  it  a  privilege  to  forego  pleasures  and  affections  which  tend  to 
distract  and  divide  attention.  Miss  Anthony  knew  this  secret  of  success,  as 
she  has  proven. 

When  the  history  of  the  reform  work  done  in  this  country  in  this  century 
is  written,  no  individual  laborer  will  have  higher  praise  than  that  which 
belongs  to  Miss  Anthony.  Honest,  sincere,  tolerant  and  kind,  she  has  won 
the  homage  of  her  adversaries ;  for  while  there  is  but  a  small  minority  of  men 
and  women  who  believe  in  woman  suffrage,  there  are  none  who  fail  to  pay 
tribute  to  the  sterling  qualities  of  this  representative  woman. 

The  Kansas  City  Journal  said  good-by  in  these  graceful 
words:  “Susan  B.  Anthony  will  celebrate  her  sixty-third 
birthday  tomorrow,  and  in  a  few  days  will  sail  for  England. 

She  goes  abroad  a  republican  queen — uncrowned 
to  be  sure,  but  none  the  less  of  the  blood  royal,  and  we  have 
faith  that  the  noblest  men  and  women  of  Europe  will  at  once 
recognize  and  welcome  her  as  their  equal.  Fair  winds  waft 
her  over  the  sea  and  home  again!  ” 

The  two  ladies  sailed  from  Philadelphia  on  the  morning  of 
February  23,  and  a  special  dispatch  to  the  New  York  Times 
thus  announced  their  departure  : 

Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony,  accompanied  by  Miss  Rachel  Foster,  embarked  on 
the  British  Prince,  of  the  American  Steamship  Line,  at  9  o’clock  this  morn¬ 
ing,  for  Liverpool.  Notwithstanding  the  cold  and  cheerless  weather,  quite  a 
number  of  persons  stood  patiently  on  the  wharf,  facing  the  raw  and  snow¬ 
laden  air  which  blew  from  the  river,  waiting  to  see  the  steamer  get  under 
way  and  to  catch  a  glimpse  of  the  celebrated  champion  of  woman’s  rights. 
A  little  before  10  o’clock  Miss  Anthony  came  out  of  her  stateroom  with 
several  friends  and,  bidding  them  a  final  farewell,  watched  with  sober  counte¬ 
nance  as  they  passed  down  the  gang-plank.  Among  those  present  were  Miss 
Mary  Anthony,  of  Rochester,  Miss  Julia  Foster,  Miss  Thomson,  a  sister  of 
the  first  president  of  the  Pennsylvania  R.  R. ;  Rev.  Dr.  Soule,  formerly  of 
Scotland;  Mrs.  M.  Louise  Thomas  and  Edward  M.  Davis . 

Miss  Anthony  was  attired  in  a  black  silk  dress  and  wore  a  black  velvet 
bonnet.  A  beaver-lined  satin  circular  was  drawn  tightly  about  her  form. 
She  retired  immediately  to  her  stateroom,  where  a  pleasant  surprise  awaited 
her  in  the  shape  of  a  handsome  silk  flag,  the  gift  of  a  friend,  which  was  sus¬ 
pended  in  a  corner  of  the  room.  Her  eyes  rested  upon  the  tasty  and  com¬ 
fortable  apartment,  bearing  numerous  evidences  of  the  kindly  feeling  and 
good  wishes  of  her  friends,  with  visible  enjoyment  and  emotion. 


CHAPTER  XXXII. 


miss  Anthony’s  European  letters. 

1883. 

0  pen  so  well  as  Miss  Anthony’s  own,  can  de¬ 
scribe  her  delightful  tour  abroad,  and  although 
her  letters  were  dashed  off  while  travelling  from 
point  to  point,  or  at  the  close  of  a  hard  day’s  sight¬ 
seeing,  and  the  entries  in  the  diary  are  a  mere 
word,  they  tell  in  a  unique  way  her  personal  impressions.  Be¬ 
cause  of  limited  space  descriptions  of  scenery  will  be  omitted 
in  order  to  leave  room  for  opinions  of  people  and  events. 

On  Board  the  British  Prince,  February  24. 

My  Dear  Mrs.  Spofford  :  Here  we  are  at  noon,  Friday,  steaming  down  Del¬ 
aware  Bay.  We  got  along  nicely  until  3  p.  m.  yesterday,  when  we  came  to  a 
standstill.  “  Stuck  in  the  mud,”  was  the  report.  There  we  lay  until  eight, 
when  with  the  incoming  tide  we  made  a  fruitless  attempt  to  get  over  the  bar; 
then  had  to  steam  back  up  the  river  to  anchor,  and  lie  there  until  nine  this 
morning— twenty-four  hours  almost  in  sight  of  the  loved  ones !  It  is  a  break 
from  all  fastenings  to  friends  to  be  thus  cut  loose  from  the  wharf  and  wafted 
out  into  the  waters.  These  long  hours  of  delay  have  given  me  time  to  think 
of  those  left  behind,  and  how  very  far  short  I  have  come  of  doing  and  saying 
all  I  should  have  done  and  said.  .  .  . 

From  the  diary  : 

Feb.  24.— The  weather  lovely ;  saloon  cozy  and  pleasant  with  piano,  flow¬ 
ers  and  canaries.  There  are  only  seven  passengers,  among  them  a  Catholic 
priest,  a  dear  little  three-year-old  child  and  a  baby.  We  sent  twenty  letters 
on  shore,  written  during  the  day  we  have  been  detained. 

Feb.  25.— Today  dawns  with  no  possibility  of  communicating  with  a  soul 
outside  the  ship,  a  lonely  feeling  indeed  ;  but  I  am  determined  to  get  all  the 
good  I  can  to  mind  and  body  out  of  this  trip,  and  as  little  harm  as  possible. 

Feb.  2b.  I  sit  at  the  captain’s  right  hand  at  table.  The  sea  is  perfectly 
smooth;  I  wonder  if  this  broad  expanse  can  be  rolled  up  into  mountains. 

(551) 


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LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


4  p.  m.— The  wind  and  waves  are  beginning  to  roar.  The  priest  shows  signs 
of  surrender. 

Mar.  2 —Sea  calm  and  dishes  no  longer  have  to  be  fastened  to  table.  It 
seems  like  freedom  again.  I  can  think  of  nothing  beyond  shipboard,  can  see 
no  moves  to  be  made  when  we  reach  Liverpool. 

Mar.  4.— Winds  fair,  sea  smooth,  whole  company  at  breakfast.  Captaiu 
Burton  read  the  church  service.  Rachel  played  the  piano  and  led  the  sing¬ 
ing. 

On  Board  the  British  Prince,  March  5. 

My  Dear  Sister  Mary:  At  lunch  the  captain  said,  “  I’ll  soon  show  you 
land!  It  will  be  Mizzenhead,  the  farthest  southwest  point  of  Ireland.”  This 
is  the  first  pen  put  to  paper  since  I  wrote  you  at  the  Delaware  breakwater, 
eleven  days  ago.  Think  of  it,  oh,  ye  scribbling  fairies,  almost  two  weeks  and 
not  a  letter  written  by  S.  B.  A. ! 

Well,  we  are  thus  far  and  have  had  no  more  than  what  the  sailors  call  a 
“  stiff  breeze  ”  and  only  two  whiffs  of  that  sort.  Since  Thursday  the  weather 
has  been  lovely— bright  sun  and  crisp  air.  Rachel  succumbed  one  night 
when  the  “  stiff  breeze  ”  first  opened  upon  us,  and  I  felt  a  little  squalmy.  The 
next  morning  a  sudden  lurch  of  the  ship  took  both  feet  from  under  me  and  I 
was  flat  on  my  back.  The  following  day  while  I  was  lying  on  a  seat,  reading 
and  half-dozing,  the  first  I  knew  I  was  in  a  heap  on  the  floor.  Then  I  learned 
it  wasn’t  safe  to  lie  down  without  a  board  fence  in  front.  Again,  in  the  even¬ 
ing  I  had  taken  the  one  loose  chair  in  the  saloon,  drawn  it  under  a  lamp 
and  seated  myself  very  complacently  to  read,  when  lo,  I  was  pitched  over  as 
if  propelled  from  a  ten-pounder!  Three  times  and  out— all  in  rapid  suc¬ 
cession  taught  me  to  trust  not  to  myself  at  all,  but  always  to  something 
fast  to  the  ship.  I  haven’t  lost  a  meal  during  the  whole  trip.  Another  time 
I  should  take  a  larger  stock  of  oranges,  lemons  and  other  fruit. 

3  p.  M.-We  have  just  been  up  on  the  bridge  for  a  first  sight  of  the  Emerald 
Isle.  So  long  as  there  was  no  immediate  prospect  of  setting  foot  on  land,  I 
could  get  up  no  spirit  to  write  or  think.  I  have  worn  the  old  velvet-trimmed 
black  silk  dress  right  through,  and  it  is  pretty  well  salted.  I  should  love  to 
have  Lucy  and  Louise  and  Maud  along  on  this  trip,  with  sister  Mary,  too. 
What  a  jolly  lot  of  tramps  we  would  make!  Well,  their  one  ray  of  hope  is  to 
“  pull  through  ”  the  free  academy  and  get  on  their  own  feet.  There  is  plenty 
of  good  in  store  for  all  who  can  bring  themselves  in  line  to  get  it.  Holding  a 
dish  right  side  up  to  catch  the  shower  is  the  work  for  each  one  of  us.  How 
much  I  do  think  and  hope  for  the  three  nieces  now  entering  womanhood. 
For  Susie  B.  Jr.,  and  little  Anna  O.  and  Gula,  I  shall  think  and  hope  by  and 
by.  As  for  the  nephews,  I  do  not  forget  them,  but  they’ll  fight  their  way 
through  somehow,  as  have  all  boys  before  them. 

Dinner  is  over  and  an  hour’s  talk  at  table  after  it.  The  Englishman,  Mr. 
Mullinor,  summed  up:  “Your  country  will  come  to  ruin  from  such  doctrines 
as  you  woman’s  rights  folks  advocate;”  and  I  have  put  the  case  to  him  to 
the  best  of  my  sea-brain’s  ability.  This  is  the  very  first  time  I  have  let  my 
tongue  loose.  We  expect  to  be  in  Liverpool  tomorrow  early,  and  then  I  will 

write  you.  Just  take  it  for  granted  all  is  well  with  me,  and  I  will  trv  to  do 
the  same  with  you. 


miss  Anthony’s  European  letters. 


553 


Miss  Anthony  found  at  Liverpool  a  cordial  letter  from  Mrs. 
A.  A.  Sargent,  whose  husband  was  now  United  States  Minis¬ 
ter  to  Germany.  She  welcomed  her  to  Europe,  saying  :  You 

always  have  the  entree  to  our  home  and  hearts.  Come  and 
stay  as  long  as  you  will.”  A  note  from  Mrs.  Stanton  to  her 
"beloved  Susan  ”  said  :  "I  came  up  to  London  the  moment 
I  heard  of  the  arrival  of  the  British  Prince.  To  think  of  your 
choosing  a  ‘  Prince  ’  when  a  ‘  Queen  ’  was  coming !  I  am  on 
the  tiptoe  of  expectation  to  meet  you.  ...  I  write  in  the 
suffrage  rooms  surrounded  with  ladies.” 

A  week  later  the  diary  records:  “  Left  London  at  10  A.  m. 
for  Rome,  Rachel  and  self,  also  Hattie  Daniels,  Alice  Blatch 
and  Mrs.  Fanny  Keartland,  five  in  all,  three  of  the  Eagle  and 
two  of  the  Lion,  each  glorying  in  her  own  nationality  !” 

Rome,  No.  75  Via  Nazionale,  March  22. 

My  Dear  Sister  :  Here  it  is  a  whole  month  tomorrow  since  we  took  a  last 
glimpse  of  each  other  and  scarce  a  decent  letter  have  I  written  you ;  but  it  is 
fearfully  hard  work  to  find  the  minutes.  There  is  so  much  to  tell,  and  the 
spelling  and  pronunciation  of  the  names  are  so  perfectly  awful.  ...  At 
Liverpool  we  drove  two  hours  in  the  Princess  and  Sefton  parks  and  then 
went  to  the  city  museum,  where  the  most  interesting  things  to  us  were  the 
portraits  of  all  the  Bonapartes — men  and  women,  old  and  young — Josephine’s 
very  lovely ;  and  to  the  city  library,  which  is  free.  There  is  also  an  immense 
free  lecture  hall,  which  was  built  for  an  aquarium  but  found  impracticable, 
so  it  is  an  enormous  circle,  seated  from  the  circumference  down  to  the  center, 
with  a  large  platform  at  one  side  and  every  step  and  seat  cut  out  of  solid 
stone.  Here  the  most  learned  men  of  the  English  colleges  give  free  lectures, 
the  city  fund  being  ample  to  meet  all  expenses.  The  librarian,  on  hearing 
we  were  Americans,  took  great  pains  to  show  us  everything.  Of  course  when 
he  said,  “  We  have  over  80,000  volumes,”  I  asked,  “  Have  you  among  them 
the  History  of  Woman  Suffrage,  by  Mesdames  Stanton,  etc.,  of  America?” 
And  lo,  he  had  never  heard  of  it  ! 

Thursday  morning  we  took  train— second-class  carriage — for  London. 
Mrs.  Stanton  was  at  the  station,  her  face  beaming  and  her  white  curls  as 
lovely  as  ever,  and  we  were  soon  landed  at  our  boarding-house.  Lydia 
Becker  came  to  dinner  by  Mrs.  Stanton’s  invitation,  so  she  was  the  first  of 
England’s  suffrage  women  for  us  to  meet.  Friday  afternoon  we  glanced  into 
the  House  of  Commons  and  happened  to  see  Gladstone  presenting  some 
motion.  Spent  the  evening  chatting  with  Mrs.  Stanton — a  world  of  things  to 
talk  over.  .  .  . 

Saturday  we  went  again  to  Bayswater  to  see  Mrs.  Rose — found  her  very 
lonely  because  of  the  death  of  her  devoted  husband  a  year  ago.  She  threw 
her  arms  around  my  neck  and  her  first  words  were:  “  O,  that  my  heart 


554 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


would  break  now  and  you  might  close  my  eyes,  dear  Susan  !  ”  She  is  vastly 
more  isolated  in  England  because  of  her  non-Christian  views  than  she  ever 
was  in  America.  Sectarianism  sways  everything  here  more  now  than  fifty 
years  ago  with  us. 

That  afternoon  I  left  for  Basingstoke,  the  new  home  of  darling  Harriot 
Stanton,  now  with  Blatch  suffixed.  Her  husband  is  a  fine  specimen  of  a 
young  Englishman  of  thirty.  Sunday  morning  he  took  me  in  a  dog-cart 
through  two  gentlemen’s  parks,  a  pleasant  drive  through  pasture  and  wood¬ 
land,  thousands  of  acres  enclosed  by  a  stone  wall.  When  I  said,  “  What  a 
shame  that  all  these  acres  should  thus  lie  waste,  while  myriads  of  poor  peo¬ 
ple  are  without  an  inch  of  ground  whereon  to  set  foot,  ”  he  replied:  '‘They 
would  be  no  better  off  if  all  should  be  cut  up  into  forty-acre  farms  and  divided 
among  the  poor,  for  no  man  could  possibly  support  a  family  upon  one.  The 
owners  of  these  parks  are  actually  reduced  to  poverty  trying  to  keep  them 
up.”  So  you  see  it  is  of  no  use  to  talk  of  giving  every  Englishman  a  farm, 
when  the  land  is  so  poor  no  one  can  make  a  living  off  of  it.  Of  course  this  is 
not  true  of  all  England,  but  evidently  its  inhabitants  must  be  fed  from  other 
countries.  On  our  return  I  was  conducted  through  the  garden  and  green¬ 
house  of  Mr.  Blatch’s  father,  where  I  saw  peach  trees  in  blossom  and  grape 
vines  budding.  The  tree-trunks  were  not  larger  than  my  arm  and  I  ex¬ 
claimed,  “  How  many  peaches  can  you  get  off  these  little  trees  ?  ”  “  Why, 

last  year,  we  had  250,”  said  he.  How  is  that  by  the  side  of  our  old  farm 
harvest  of  1,000  trees  ?  And  yet  these  English  people  talk  as  if  they  raised 
fruit!  .... 

The  next  day  I  returned  to  London  and  Mrs.  Stanton  and  I  called  on  Rev. 
William  Henry  Channing  at  the  West  End,  and  had  a  two  hours’  chat  with 
him.  ...  He  was  very  cordial  and  on  our  leaving  said,  “I  can’t  tell 
you  how  grateful  I  am  for  this  interview.  You  have  my  blessing  and  bene¬ 
diction  ;  ”  so  we  were  glad  at  heart,  Mr.  Channing  loves  America  above  all 
other  countries  and  feels  it  was  a  mistake  for  him  to  have  left  it.  His  elder 
daughter  is  the  wife  of  Edwin  Arnold.  March  12  we  dined  with  the  son-in- 
law  of  William  Ashurst,  the  friend  of  Wm.  Lloyd  Garrison— Mr.  Biggs,  and 
his  four  daughters.  Caroline  Ashurst  Biggs,  the  second,  is  the  editor  of  the 
Englishwoman’s  Review  and  one  of  the  leading  suffrage  women  of  England. 


S  After  dinner  some  twenty  ladies  and  gentle- 

f  men  came  in  and  we  had  a  delightful  evening, 

*  but  such  a  continual  serving  of  refreshments ! 

Tuesday  morning  I  went  again  to  Mrs.  Rose’s  and  finding  her  bonneted 
and  cloaked  for  a  chair  ride,  I  walked  beside  her,  holding  her  hand,  through 
Kensington  Park.  I  hope  and  almost  believe  she  will  go  back  to  America 
with  me.  I  feel  sure  that  we,  who  have  not  forgotten  her  early  and  won- 


miss  Anthony’s  European  letters. 


555 


derful  work  for  woman  and  for  freedom  of  thought,  will  do  all  in  our  power 
to  smooth  her  last  days.  .  .  .  That  evening  Rachel  and  I  went  to  see 

Irving  and  Ellen  Terry  in  Much  Ado  About  Nothing.  The  painting  and  the 
lights  and  shadows  of  the  scenery  were  lovely,  and  I  suppose  the  acting  was 
good,  but  I  can  not  enjoy  love  and  flirtation  exhibited  on  the  stage  any  more 
than  off.  All  passional  demonstrations  seem  to  belong  to  the  two  concerned, 
not  to  other  persons.  The  lovemaking,  however,  was  cooler,  more  distant 
and  more  piquant  than  usual. 

'Wednesday  afternoon  Mrs.  Rebecca  Moore,  our  old  Revolution  correspond¬ 
ent,  took  me  to  a  meeting  at  Mrs.  Muller’s,  about  the  Contagious  Diseases  Acts 

fifty  or  sixty  ladies  present — was  introduced,  and  several  invited  me  to 
speak  for  them  when  I  returned  to  London.  Miss  Rye,  who  has  made 
between  thirty  and  forty  trips  across  the  Atlantic  with  little  girls,  taking  over 
more  than  10,000  and  placing  them  in  good  homes  in  Canada,  was  there  and 
spoke.  She  said  all  her  efforts  could  accomplish  nothing  in  thinning  out  the 
more  than  1,000,000  surplus  women  of  the  island.  Not  one  seemed  to  dare  speak 
out  the  whole  of  the  facts  and  philosophy.  Each  premised,  “  I  will  not  shock 
you  by  calling  the  names,”  etc.  Mrs.  Peter  Taylor’s  reception  that  evening 
was  an  unusually  brilliant  affair.  She  is  looked  upon  as  the  mother  of  the  Eng¬ 
lish  movement,  as  Mrs.  Stanton  is  of  the  American.  She  is  a  magnificent  woman 
and  acted  the  part  of  hostess  most  gracefully.  Her  husband  is  a  member  of 
Parliament.  At  eleven  we  went  home  and  packed  our  trunks  to  be  off  for 
Rome  on  the  morrow,  half-regretting  that  we  had  planned  to  leave  Lon¬ 
don.  .  .  . 

Rome,  March  23. 

My  Dear  Sister  :  It  is  noon — Good  Friday — and  just  set  in  for  a  steady  rain, 
sol  will  give  you  the  goings,  seeings  and  sayings  of  our  company  since  leaving 
London.  .  .  .  We  started  from  Victoria  Station — second-class  carriage,  no 
sleeper— for  a  three  days’  and  two  nights’  journey  to  Rome.  It  looked  appalling, 
even  to  so  old  a  traveller  as  myself,  but  I  inwardly  said,  “  I  can  stand  it  if 
the  younger  ones  can.”  The  crossing  of  the  straits  of  Dover  was  rough,  the 
sea  dashing  over  the  sides  of  the  boat,  but  Rachel  and  I  went  through  the 
two  hours  without  a  quaver.  At  Calais  we  had  the  same  good  luck  as  at  Lon¬ 
don  a  compartment  of  the  car  all  to  ourselves.  Here  we  were  to  be  settled 
without  change  for  that  night  and  the  next  day,  so  with  bags  and  shawl- 
straps,  bundles,  lunch-baskets  and  a  peck  of  oranges,  we  adjusted  ourselves. 
We  breakfasted  at  Basle,  after  having  pillowed  on  each  other  for  the  night  as 
best  we  could.  Now  we  were  in  the  midst  of  the  Jura  mountains,  and  all  day 
long  we  wound  up  and  down  their  snowy  sides  and  around  the  beautiful 
lakes  nestling  at  their  feet— through  innumerable  tunnels,  one  of  them,  the 
St.  Gothard,  taking  twenty-three  minutes— over  splendid  bridges  and  along 
lovely  brooks  and  rivers. 

We  arrived  at  Milan  at  7 :50  p.  m.,  when  even  thebravestof  our  party  voted 
to  stop  over  twenty-four  hours  and  try  the  virtues  of  a  Christian  bed.  Rachel 
and  I  shared  a  large  old-fashioned  room  with  a  soap-stone  stove,  where  we 
had  a  wood-fire  built  at  once.  (Remember  that  all  the  houses  have  marble 
floors  and  stairs,  and  are  plastered  on  the  stone  walls,  so  they  seem  like  per¬ 
fect  cellars.)  We  had  two  single  bedsteads  (I  haven’t  seen  any  other  sort  on 


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LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


the  continent)  with  the  same  bedclothes  covering  both.  Our  big  room  was 
lighted  with  just  two  candles  !  We  “  slept  solid”  till  8  a.  m.,  when  Rachel 
got  out  her  Italian  phrase-book,  rang  the  bell  and  ordered  a  fire  and  hot 
water. 

After  fairly  good  steak  and  coffee,  we  five  began  a  day  of  steady  sight¬ 
seeing.  ...  In  the  evening  we  went  to  the  station,  and  here  found  a 
wood-fire  in  a  fireplace  and  monstrous  paintings  of  Christ  and  the  saints  on 
the  walls.  All  who  had  trunks  had  now  to  pay  for  every  pound’s  weight.  I 
had  brought  only  my  big  satchel  and  shawl-strap.  We  were  not  so  fortunate 
as  to  find  a  compartment  to  ourselves  but  had  two  ladies  added  to  our  num¬ 
ber,  while  four  or  five  men  in  the  next  one  smoked  perpetually  and  the 
fumes  came  over  into  ours.  We  growled  but  that  availed  nothing,  as  men 
here  have  the  right  of  way.  At  Genoa  the  ladies  left  us — midnight — and  two 
men  took  their  places.  These  proved  to  be  seafarers  and  could  talk  English, 
so  we  learned  quite  a  bit  from  them.  At  ten  we  were  halted  and  rushed  in 
to  breakfast.  Sunday  afternoon  we  reached  the  Eternal  City  and  came 
direct  to  the  Pension  Chapman,  tired  and  hungry,  but  later  went  to  St.  John’s 
Cathedral  to  vespers.  .  .  .  After  dinner  we  were  glad  to  lay  ourselves 

away.  We  have  a  pleasant  room,  with  windows  opening  upon  a  broad  court 
and  lovely  garden  and  fountain.  Monday  we  drove  around  the  city  for  bird’s- 
eye  views  from  famous  points.  Such  wonders  of  ruins  upon  ruins ! 

Sunday  Evening. — It  is  of  no  avail  that  I  try  and  try  to  write — when  the 
sight-seeing  is  done  for  the  day  I  am  too  tired.  .  .  .  Last  evening  the 

Coliseum  was  illuminated — a  weird,  wonderful  sight.  Today,  Easter  Sunday, 
I  have  seen  crowds  of  people  reverently  kissing  St.  Peter’s  big  toe.  To¬ 
morrow  we  go  to  Naples  for  a  week  and  then  return  and  finish  Rome. 

Naples,  March  27. 

Here  we  are,  Rachel  and  I,  at  the  Pension  Brittanique,  far  up  a  high  hill, 
in  a  room  overlooking  the  beautiful  bay  of  Naples.  It  is  lovely,  lovely!  The 
little  island  of  Capri,  the  city,  the  bold  shores  and  mountain  setting — a  perfect 
gem.  .  .  .  We  have  a  little  bit  of  wood-fire  with  the  smallest  sticks — twigs 
we  should  call  them — two  sperm  candles  to  light  our  bedroom  and  no  matches 
except  what  we  furnish.  But  8  o’clock  is  here  and  we  are  all  to  meet  for 
breakfast.  .  .  . 

Yesterday  was  a  lovely  May  day,  and  our  party  drove  to  the  village  of  Re¬ 
sina,  which  is  built  forty  feet  above  the  ruins  of  Herculaneum.  There,  with 
a  guide,  we  descended  a  hundred  steps  and  walked  through  the  old  theater, 
over  the  same  stone  stairs  and  seats  which  two  thousand  years  ago  were  occu¬ 
pied  by  the  gayest  of  mortals.  Then  we  went  to  the  ruins  of  Pompeii  and  ate 
our  lunch  under  large  old  trees  growing  upon  the  debris  left  by  the  great 
eruption.  We  passed  through  the  narrow  streets,  over  stone  pavements  worn 
by  the  tread  of  long-buried  feet,  through  palaces,  public  gardens  and  baths, 
temples,  the  merchants’  exchange,  customhouse  and  magnificent  theater.  .  .  . 

I  have  just  received  John  Bright’s  splendid  address  before  the  2,000  students 
of  Glasgow  University  on  being  made  Lord  Rector.  It  fired  my  soul  beyond 
all  the  ruins  and  all  the  arts  in  Rome  or  Naples.  It  is  grand  indeed,  and  re- 


miss  Anthony’s  European  letters.  557 

minds  one  of  our  own  Wendell  Phillips’  address  to  the  Harvard  students  two 
years  ago.1 

Rome,  March  29. 

To  Madam  Susan  B.  Anthony ,  of  New  York ,  TJ.  S.  A.: 

Madam  :  We  had  the  honor  to  announce  your  coming  to  Rome  some  three 
weeks  ago  in  the  Italian  Times.  While  we  ourselves  have  an  impressive  ap¬ 
preciation  of  your  distinguished  mental  acquirements,  yet  we  would  wish  to 
carry  to  our  numerous  English-speaking  subscribers  on  this  continent  some 
testimony  of  your  presence  in  our  midst.  Therefore  we  place  our  columns  at 
your  disposal,  and  will  esteem  the  privilege  of  presenting  to  the  public  any 
topic  your  facile  pen  may  write.  To  this  end  we  will  wait  upon  you  or  be 
pleased  to  see  you  at  our  sanctum.  With  much  respect,  we  are,  Madam,  your 
obedient  servants,  The  Proprietors  of  the  Italian  Times. 

[Only  English  newspaper  published  in  Italy.] 


Rome,  April  1. 

Dear  Brother  D.  R. :  We  have  climbed  Vesuvius.  One  feels  richly  paid 
when  the  puffing  and  exploding  and  ascending  of  the  red-hot  lava  meet  the 
ears  and  eyes.  The  mountains,  the  Bay  of  Naples,  the  sail  to  Capri  and  the 
Blue  Grotto  are  fully  equal  to  my  expectations.  .  .  .  The  squalid-looking 

people,  however,  and  their  hopeless  fate  make  one’s  stay  at  any  of  these  Italian 
resorts  most  depressing.  Troops  of  beggars  beset  one  all  along  the  streets 
and  roads,  and  with  tradesmen  there  is  no  honesty.  For  instance,  a  man 
charged  some  twenty  francs  for  a  shell  comb,  then  came  down  to  seven,  six, 
five,  and  finally  asked,  “  What  will  you  give  ?  ”  I,  never  dreaming  he  would 
take  it,  said,  “two  francs,”  and  he  threw  the  comb  into  the  carriage. 

.  .  .  Saturday  we  took  the  cars  from  Naples  to  Palermo.  Every  mountain¬ 

side  having  a  few  seven-by-nine  patches  of  soil  in  a  place,  is  terraced  and 
covered  with  grape  vines  and  lemon  trees,  the  latter  now  yellow  with  fruit. 
On  many  I  counted  twenty  and  thirty  terraces,  each  with  a  solid  stone  wall 
to  hold  the  earth  in  place.  It  is  wonderful  what  an  amount  of  labor  it  costs 
to  earn  even  the  little  the  natives  seem  to  care  for.  Our  hotel  here  is  an  old 
monastery,  and  on  one  side  of  the  court  is  the  cathedral  with  its  grotesque 
paintings.  One  becomes  fairly  sickened  with  the  ghastly  spectacle  of  the 
dead  Christ.  It  is  amazing  how  little  they  make  of  the  living  Christ. 

On  Monday  morning  we  drove  back  over  that  magnificent  road,  and  took 
the  train  to  Naples.  In  the  afternoon  we  went  to  Lake  Avernus  and  into  the 
grotto  of  the  sibyls,  the  entrance  to  Dante’s  Inferno.  It  was  a  dark,  cavern¬ 
ous  passage  and  with  the  flaring  candles  making  the  darkness  only  more  visi¬ 
ble,  we  could  not  but  feel  there  was  reason  for  the  old  superstition.  The 
narrowness  of  the  streets  of  Naples — and  they  are  without  the  pretense  of  a 
sidewalk — leave  the  men,  women  and  children,  horses  and  carriages,  funny 
little  donkeys  with  their  big  loads,  the  cows  and  goats  (which  are  each  night 
and  morning  driven  along  and  halted  at  the  doors  while  the  pint  cupful,  more 

’The  many  inquiries  and  directions  in  regard  to  the  suffrage  work,  and  the  loving  mes¬ 
sages  to  friends  and  relatives  at  home,  are  omitted  in  the  extracts  made  from  Miss  Anthony’s 
letters  ;  but  they  are  of  constant  occurrence,  and  show  that  these  were  never  absent  from  her 
thoughts. 


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LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


or  less,  is  milked  to  supply  the  people  within)  all  marching  along  together  in 
the  filthy  road,  jostling  each  ether  at  every  step. 

But  we  are  back  in  Rome  now  and  this  forenoon  w'e  spent  in  the  gal¬ 
leries  of  the  Vatican.  One  is  simply  dazed  with  the  wealth  of  marble — 
not  only  statuary,  but  stairs,  pillars  and  massive  buildings.  We  stop  here 
till  the  9th,  then  go  to  Florence.1 

It  is  good  for  our  young  civilization  to  see  and  study  that  of  the  old  world, 
and  observe  the  hopelessness  of  lifting  the  masses  into  freedom  and  freedom’s 
industry,  honesty  and  integrity.  Plow  any  American,  any  lover  of  our  free 
institutions  based  on  equality  of  rights  for  all,  can  settle  down  and  live  here 
is  more  than  I  can  comprehend.  It  will  be  only  by  overturning  the  powers 
that  education  and  equal  chances  ever  can  come  to  the  rank  and  file.  The 
hope  of  the  world  is  indeed  in  our  republic;  so  let  us  work  to  make  it  a  genu¬ 
ine  democracy,  where  every  citizen — woman  as  well  as  man — shall  be  crowned 
with  the  one  symbol  of  equality —the  ballot.  .  .  . 

Rome,  April  5. 

My  Dear  Sister  :  How  these  anniversary  days  of  our  dear  mother’s  illness 
and  death  bring  back  to  me  everything,  even  at  this  distance  and  amid  these 
strange  surroundings.  How  she  would  have  enjoyed  these  sights  because  of 
her  knowledge  and  love  of  history.  She  could  have  told  the  Bible  story  of 
every  one  of  these  great  frescoes.  What  a  woman  she  would  have  been, 
could  she  have  had  the  opportunities  of  education  and  culture  which  her 
granddaughters  are  having.  .  .  . 

Tell  Mrs.  Lewia  Smith  her  lovely  piece  of  lace  has  been  honored  with  the 
wearing  in  London  and  Rome  several  times  and  has  been  pronounced  beauti¬ 
ful;  but  I  prize  it  most  of  all  for  the  giver’s  sake.  No  one  but  she  would 
have  trudged  through  the  slush  and  rain  to  get  those  splendid  names  to  that 
testimonial.  Nothing  which  came  to  me  gave  so  much  pleasure  as  those  sig¬ 
natures  of  my  own  townsmen  and  women,  from  President  Anderson  all  the 
way  to  the  end  of  the  list.  .  .  .  This  evening  Rachel  has  gone  to  a 

friend’s  to  study  German  so  as  to  make  our  way  with  that  nationality.  What 
a  jumble,  that  by  just  crossing  an  imaginary  line  one  finds  people  who  can’t 
understand  a  word  one  says! 

Last  evening  we  heard  the  grand  Ristori  render  a  part  of  Dante’s  Inferno 
and  a  selection  from  Joan  of  Arc.  Of  course  I  couldn’t  understand  a  word 
she  said,  but  her  voice,  her  gestures,  her  expression  told  the  whole  story. 
Then  the  music,  vocal  and  instrumental,  was  the  softest  and  sweetest.  .  .  . 

Zurich,  April  23. 

My  Dear  Sister:  We  spent  Friday  night  at  Milan— there  took  our  last 
look  at  Italian  cathedrals,  as  we  did  our  first,  and  its  own  still  holds  highest 
place  as  to  beauty.  We  left  early  next  morning  and  very  soon  were  among  the 
Alps.  .  .  .  The  eleven  hours’  stretch  was  tiresome  and  disgusting  inside  our 
compartment,  with  from  three  to  five  stalwart  men  puffing  away  at  their 
pipes  all  day  long,  and  at  every  station  rushing  out  for  a  drink  of  wine  or 

’While  in  Florence,  Miss  Anthony  was  entertained  by  the  Countess  de  Resse,  daughter  of 
Elizabeth  B.  Phelps,  of  New  York,  and  by  the  Princess  Koltzoff-Massalsky,  the  distinguished 
author  and  artist,  known  through  Europe  by  her  pen-name  of  Dora  d’lstria. 


miss  Anthony’s  European  letters. 


559 


beer.  Our  only  chance  of  a  free  breath  was  to  open  the  window,  and  then 
all  the  natives  were  in  consternation ! 

We  reached  Zurich  at  six  and,  after  a  splendid  dinner  of  roast  chicken, 
green  peas  and  lettuce,  took  a  cab  and  called  on  Elizabeth  Sargent,  who  is 
studying  medicine  at  the  university,  and  found  her  very  happy  and  glad  to 
see  us.  In  the  afternoon  we  took  a  delightful  drive,  as  it  was  too  cold  and 
misty  for  the  lake  excursion  we  had  intended.  The  highest  Alps  are  still  lost 
to  us  by  fog  and  clouds.  After  supper  we  called  at  the  American  consulate. 
Think  of  our  government  supporting  a  consul  in  most  of  the  twenty-two 
cantons  of  Switzerland ! 

Tuesday. — At  Munich.  We  saw  princes  and  princesses  galore  out  driving 
this  afternoon,  but  not  the  king.  We  leave  tomorrow  morning  for  Nurem¬ 
berg,  and  reach  Berlin  Saturday,  and  there  I  hope  to  rest  at  least  a  week — 
but  then  the  Emperor  William  must  be  seen,  and  lots  of  other  curiosities. 
.  .  .  If  I  could  command  the  money,  as  soon  as  each  of  our  girls  gradu¬ 

ated,  I  would  take  her  first  on  a  tour  of  her  own  continent  and  then  through 
the  old  world,  before  she  settled  down  to  the  hard  work  of  life  either  in  a 
profession  or  in  marriage.  Thus  she  would  have  much  to  think  of  and  live 
over,  no  matter  how  heavy  might  be  the  burdens  and  sorrows  of  her  after 
life.  .  .  . 


Cologne,  May  8. 

My  Dear  Sister  :  We  left  Berlin  yesterday  morning  after  a  delightful  week 
with  the  Sargents.  I  do  not  believe  our  nation  ever  has  been  represented  at 
any  foreign  court  by  such  genuine  republican  women,  in  the  truest  and  broad¬ 
est  sense,  as  are  Mrs.  Sargent  and  her  daughters.  Mr.  Sargent,  too,  touches 
the  very  height  of  democratic  principle.  Their  association  with  monarchial 
governments  and  subjects  but  makes  them  love  our  free  institutions  the  more.1 

Our  last  evening  was  spent  with  the  Frau  Dr.  Liburtius— formerly  Henriette 
Hirschfeldt— a  practicing  dentist  in  Berlin  since  1869,  who  studied  at  the 
Philadelphia  Dental  College.  No  college  in  Germany  will  admit  women. 
Frau  Libertius  is  dentist  for  various  members  of  the  royal  family  as  well  as 
for  the  Sisters  of  Charity.  She  says  there  are  no  dental  colleges  in  the  world 
equal  to  those  of  America.  .  .  . 

May  10.— At  Worms — where  Martin  Luther  made  his  glorious  declaration 
for  the  right  of  private  judgment.  There  is  a  magnificent  monument  in  a 
beautiful  square ;  Luther’s  is  the  central  statue — a  standing  one ;  below,  at 
the  corners,  are  sitting  Huss,  Savonarola,  Wycliffe  and  Peter  Waldo,  and  on 
a  still  lower  pedestal  are  four  more  worthies — one  of  them  Melancthon.  .  .  . 
We  spent  Tuesday  at  Cologne — visited  the  splendid  cathedral  and  the  church 
of  St.  Ursula,  The  latter  contains  the  bones  of  11,000  virgins  martyred  at 
Cologne  in  the  fifth  century.  Whole  broadsides  of  chapels  are  lined  with 


’Miss  Anthony  occupied  some  rainy  days,  while  here,  in  wrapping  up  papers  and  writ¬ 
ing  letters  which  she  put  in  her  official  envelopes,  bearing  the  revolutionary  mottoes, 
“No  just  government  can  be  formed  without  the  consent  of  the  governed,”  “Taxation 
without  representation  is  tyranny.”  After  a  few  days  a  dignified  official  appeared  at  the 
American  legation  with  a  large  package  of  mail  bearing  the  proscribed  mottoes,  and  said, 
“  Such  sentiments  can  not  pass  through  the  post-office  in  Germany.”  So  in  modest,  un¬ 
complaining  wraps  the  letters  and  papers  started  again  for  the  land  of  the  free.— E.  C.  S. 


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LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


shelves  of  skulls,  which  the  noble  ladies  of  the  twelfth  century  partly  covered 
with  embroidery.  Wednesday  we  took  steamer  up  the  Rhine  at  six  in  the  morn¬ 
ing  and  landed  at  MAyence  at  eight.  It  was  a  beautiful  panorama,  but  not  sur 
passing  all  others  I  have  seen.  The  vine-clad  hillsides,  the  ruins  of  the  old 
castles  (nothing  like  as  many  of  them  as  I  had  thought)  and  the  winding  of 
the  river  were  all  very  lovelv.  We  visited  the  cathedral,  the  monuments  of 
Gutenberg  and  Schiller,  and  then  the  fortress  and  the  remains  of  a  Roman 
monument  erected  nine  years  before  Christ.  .  .  . 

Heidelberg,  May  11. 

Dear  Brother  D.  R. :  As  I  clambered  among  the  ruins  of  Heidel¬ 
berg  Castle  today,  I  wished  for  each  of  my  loved  ones  to  come  across  old 
ocean  and  look  upon  the  remains  of  ancient  civilization— of  art  and  archi¬ 
tecture,  bigotry  and  barbarism.  I  am  enjoying  my  “  flying,”  though  I  would 
not  again  make  such  a  rush,  but  I  am  getting  a  good  relish  for  a  more  deliberate 
tour  at  some  later  day.  All  of  life  should  not  be  given  to  one’s  work  at 
home,  whether  that  be  woman  suffrage,  journalism  or  government  affairs. 

After  being  perpetually  among  people  whose  language  I  could  not  un¬ 
derstand,  it  was  doubly  grateful  to  be  in  the  midst  of  not  only  my  country¬ 
men  but  my  dearest  friends,  and  I  enjoyed  their  society  so  much  that  I 
almost  forgot  there  were  any  wonders  to  be  seen  in  Berlin.  But  we  did 
make  an  excursion  to  Potsdam— a  jolly  company  of  us,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sargent 
and  their  gifted  daughter  Ella,  also  the  professor  of  Greek  in  your  Kansas 
State  University,  Miss  Kate  Stephens.  She  interpreted  the  utterances  of  the 
ever-present  guides,  whose  jabber  was  wrnrse  than  Greek. 

At  Potsdam  we  were  shown  the  very  rooms  in  which  Frederick  the  Great 
lived  and  moved  and  had  his  being,  plotted  and  planned  to  conquer  his 
neighbors.  In  the  little  church  are  myriads  of  tattered  flags,  taken  in  their 
many  wars,  and  two  great  stone  caskets  in  which  repose  the  bodies  of  Freder¬ 
ick  the  Great  and  his  father,  Frederick  William,  peaceful  in  death,  however 
warlike  in  life.  We  also  visited  the  new  palace  where  the  present  Emperor 
spends  the  summer.  We  saw  parlors,  dining-rooms,  bedrooms,  the  plain, 
narrow  bedstead  the  Emperor  sleeps  upon,  the  great  workshop,  in  which  are 
maps  and  all  sorts  of  material  for  studying  and  planning  how  to  hold  and 
gain  empires.  I  even  peered  into  the  kitchen  and  saw  the  pitchers,  plates, 
coffee-pots  and  stew-pans.  It  was  my  first  chance  of  a  real  mortal  living 
look  of  things,  so  I  enjoyed  it  hugely.  There  are  rooms  enough  in  these 
palaces  for  an  army  of  people.  All  of  these  magnificent  displays  of  wealth 
in  churches,  palaces  and  castles,  citadels,  fortifications  and  glittering  military 
shows  of  monarchial  governments,  only  make  more  conspicuous  the  poverty, 
ignorance  and  degradation  of  the  masses ;  and  all  pleasure  in  seeing  them  is 
tinged  with  sadness. 

From  the  diary  for  May  : 

12.  — Showering,  but  I  walked  up  the  mountain  to  pay  a  last  visit  to  Heidel¬ 
berg  Castle,  the  most  magnificent  ruin  in  Germany.  Its  ivy-covered  towers 
always  will  be  pictured  in  my  memory. 

13. — At  Strasburg.  We  have  driven  over  the  city,  looked  at  the  wonderful 


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561 


fortifications  and  explored  the  great  cathedral  with  its  famous  clock.  We 
heard  the  grand  organ  and  saw  250  priests  conduct  the  services  before  an 
audience  of  2,000  people,  nine-tenths  women.  Then  to  St.  Thomas’  church 
and  the  monument  to  Marshal  Saxe. 

14.  Left  for  Paris  and  had  a  beautiful  ride  through  Alsace  and  Lorraine, 
the  lost  kingdoms  of  France.  It  made  me  sad  all  day;  I  wanted  them  re¬ 
turned  to  their  own  mother  country.  Theodore  Stanton  and  his  wife  Margue¬ 
rite  met  us  at  the  station. 

15. — Madam  de  Barron  has  invited  me  to  be  her  guest  while  here.  Such  a 
delightful  home  and  intelligent  hostess !  I  have  a  charming  room,  and  this 
morning  the  sun  is  shining  bright  and  warm  and  the  robins  are  singing  in  the 
trees.  My  continental  breakfast— rolls,  butter  and  coffee— was  sent  to  my 
room  and,  for  the  first  time  in  my  life,  X  ate  it  in  bed.  "What  would  my 
mother  have  said  ? 

16.  Went  to  grand  opera  last  night;  magnificent  house,  scenery,  toilets, 
equipages;  but  with  my  three  “  lacks,”  a  musical  ear,  a  knowledge  of  French 
and  good  eyesight,  I  could  not  properly  appreciate  the  performance. 

Theodore  took  me  to  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  to  see  how  Frenchmen 
look  in  legislative  assembly — very  like  Americans.  Then  we  called  on  friends 
at  the  American  Exchange  and  the  Hotel  Normandie,  and  I  was  too  tired  to 
go  to  U.  S.  Minister  Morton’s  reception  at  night. 

22-  Called  and  had  a  good  chat  with  Charlotte  B.  Wilbour,  of  New  York; 
called  also  on  Grace  Greenwood ;  visited  the  Hotel  des  Invalides  and  walked 
in  the  gardens. 

23.— Theodore  and  Marguerite  took  me  to  St.  Cloud  by  boat  and  back  on 
top  of  tram-car.  Delightful  ! 

2^-  Today,  Sunday,  we  went  to  Pere  la  Chaise  and  saw  great  crowds  of 
Communists  hanging  wreaths  on  the  wall  where  hundreds  of  their  friends 
were  shot  down  in  1871 — a  sorrowful  sight. 

2^*  ^  noon  we  went  to  the  College  of  France  to  "witness  the  last  honors 

to  Laboulaye,  the  scholar  and  Liberal.  Saw  his  little  study  and  sadly 
watched  the  priests  perform  the  services  over  his  coffin. 

29.— Left  Paris  at  9  a.  m.,  Theodore  and  his  little  Elizabeth  Cady  going 
with  me  to  the  station.  The  parks  and  forests  are  green  and  lovely,  the 
homes  cozy  and  pretty,  France  is  a  beautiful  country.  I  have  enjoyed  the 
last  three  months  exceedingly,  but  I  am  very,  very  tired ;  and  yet  it  is  a  new 

set  of  faculties  which  are  weary,  and  the  old  ones,  so  long  harped  upon,  are 
really  resting. 

To  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony ,  Paeis. 

Madam  :  Having  been  informed  of  your  arrival  in  Paris,  I  take  the  liberty 
of  writing  to  ask  from  your  courtesy  the  favor  of  a  short  interview.  I  have 
since  several  years  heard  of  all  the  work  you  have  done  in  behalf  of  woman¬ 
kind,  and  I  need  not  say  how  happy  I  would  be  to  meet  a  person  who  has  so 
often  been  praised  in  my  presence.  Hoping  you  will  forgive  my  intrusion, 
and  have  the  great  kindness  to  let  me  know  when  I  may  have  the  honor  to 
call,  I  am,  madam,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

[Of  Le  Soir.] 

Ant. — 36 


A.  Salvador. 


562 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Paris,  May  20. 

My  Dear  Mrs.  Spofford:  I  have  just  come  from  a  call  on  Mademoiselle 
Hubertine  Auclert,  editor  of  La  Citoyenne.  I  can  not  tell  you  how  I  con¬ 
stantly  long  to  be  able  to  speak  and  understand  French.  I  lose  nearly  all  the 
pleasure  of  meeting  distinguished  people,  because  they  are  as  powerless  with 
my  language  as  I  with  theirs.  We  called  also  on  Leon  Richer,  editor  of  La 
Femme.  He  thinks  it  inopportune  to  demand  suffrage  for  women  in  France 
now,  when  they  are  yet  without  their  civil  rights.  I  wanted  so  much  to  tell 
him  that  political  power  was  the  greater  right  which  included  the  less.  .  .  . 

Miss  Foster  has  gone  to  London  for  presentation  at  Court.  She  had  the 
“  regulation  ’*  dress  made  in  Berlin— cream-wrhite  satin,  low  neck,  no  sleeves 
at  all,  and  a  four-yard  train!  ...  I  have  not  decided  when  I  shall  go 
home,  but  before  many  months,  for  I  long  to  be  about  the  work  that  remains 
undone.  The  fact  is,  I  am  weary  of  mere  sight-seeing.  Amidst  it  all  my 
head  and  heart  turn  to  our  battle  for  women  at  home.  Here  in  the  old 
world,  with  its  despotic  governments,  its  utter  blotting  out  of  woman  as  an 
.equal,  there  is  no  hope,  no  possibility  of  changing  her  condition,  so  I  look  to 
our  own  land  of  equality  for  men,  and  partial  equality  for  women,  as  the  only 
one  for  hope  or  work. 

Paris,  May  24. 

My  Dear  Rachel  :  I  am  glad  to  hear  that  you  were  not  cheated  out  of 
teetering  through  the  palace  halls  in  front  of  the  princess,  and  that  you  are 
not  utterly  prostrated  by  it.  .  .  .  I  attended  the  suffrage  meeting  last 

evening,  and  heard  and  saw  several  men  speak — well,  I  inferred  from  the 
cheering  and  shouting  of  “  bravo !  ” 

This  afternoon  I  visited  the  tomb  of  Napoleon.  It  surpasses  every  mauso¬ 
leum  I  have  ever  seen,  not  excepting  that  of  Frederick  the  Third  and  Queen 
Louise  in  Berlin.  It  is  well  that  his  memory  should  be  thus  honored,  for 
had  he  been  born  a  hundred  years  later,  when  the  march  of  civilization  had 
pointed  to  some  other  goal  to  gratify  his  great  nature  than  that  of  bloody  con¬ 
quest  of  empire,  I  believe  he  would  have  stood  at  the  head  of  those  who 
strive  to  make  free  and  independent  sovereigns  of  all  men  and  all  women. 
Everywhere  here  are  reminders  of  the  ravages  of  war,  the  madness  of  igno¬ 
rance  and  unreason.  I  want  to  get  away  from  them  and  their  saddening  asso¬ 
ciations.  You  will  think  I  am  blue.  So  I  am,  from  having  lived  a  purpose¬ 
less  life  these  three  months.  I  don’t  know  but  the  women  of  America, 
myself  in  particular,  will  be  the  greater  and  grander  for  it,  but  I  can  not  yet 
see  how  this  is  to  be.  .  .  . 

London,  June  7. 

My  Dear  Sister  :  For  the  hundredth  time  I  am  going  to  beg  you  to  shut  up 
the  house  and  come  over  here.  It  does  seem  as  if  now  we  two  sisters,  left  so 
alone,  ought  to  be  able  to  travel  and  enjoy  together.  You  can  not  know  how 
I  long  to  have  you  with  me  ;  it  hurts  every  minute  to  think  of  you  treading 
round  and  round,  with  never  a  moment  of  leisure  or  enjoyment.  Surely  you 
have  given  a  mother’s  love  and  care  to  our  nieces  for  eight  years,  and  now 
you  can  let  them  go  out  from  under  your  eye.  .  .  . 

Rachel  and  I  came  up  from  Basingstoke  on  Sunday  to  attend  a  small  recep- 


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563 


tion  at  Mrs.  Jacob  Bright’s.  Her  husband  has  championed  woman  suffrage 
in  Parliament  for  years,  and  she  has  led  the  few  who  have  dared  say,  “  And 
married  women,  too,  should  have  the  franchise.”  When  the  powers  that  be 
forbade  her  to  include  married  women  in  the  Parliamentary  Suffrage  Bill 
now  pending,  Mrs.  Bright  withdrew  and  started  a  bill  for  their  property 
rights,  which  was  passed  last  session  and  is  now  in  force. 


Monday  morning  we  went  to  Bedford  Park  and  spent  two  hours  at  Moncure 
D.  Conway’s.  His  charming  wife  read  us  what  a  delegate  here  from  the 
American  Unitarians  says  of  Emerson,  Alcott,  Frothingham  and  George  Rip- 
ley__that  all  are  wearying  of  their  early  theories  and  theologies  and  returning 
to  the  old  faith.  Today  I  had  an  hour  with  William  Henry  Channing,  and  he 
virtually  told  me  this  was  true  of  himself !  I  exclaimed :  “Do  you  mean  to 
say  that  you  have  returned  to  the  belief  in  the  immaculate  conception  of 
Jesus  and  in  the  miracles— that  you  no  longer  explain  all  these  things  as  you 
used  to  do  in  your  Bible  readings  at  Rochester?”  He  replied:  “I  never 
disbelieved  in  miracles.  Man’s  levelling  and  tunnelling  the  mountains  is  a 
miracle.”  Well,  I  was  stunned  and  left.  Even  if  all  these  grand  men,  in  old 
age,  or  when  broken  in  body,  decide  that  the  conclusions  of  their  early  and 
vigorous  manhood  were  false,  which  shall  we  accept  as  most  likely  to  be  true 
— the  strong  or  the  weakened  thought  ?  It  is  very  disheartening  if  we  are  so 
constituted  that  with  our  deepest,  sincerest  study  we  grope  and  dwell  in  error 
through  our  threescore  and  ten,  and  after  those  allotted  years  find  all  we  be¬ 
lieved  fact  to  be  mere  hallucination.  It  is — it  must  be — simply  the  waning 
intellect  returning  to  childish  teachings. 

That  evening  we  visited  the  House  of  Commons  and  heard  several  members 
speak  as  we  peeped  through  the  wire  latticework  of  the  ladies’  cage.  The 
next  afternoon  we  attended  a  large  reception  at  Mrs.  J.  P.  Thomasson’s, 
daughter  of  Margaret  Bright  Lucas  and  wife  of  a  member  of  Parliament. 
There  we  met  the  leading  suffrage  women.  Wednesday  morning  I  went  to 
Tunbridge  Wells — thirty  miles — to  see  Mrs.  Rose,  who  is  trying  the  waters 


564  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

there  in  hope  of  relief.  ...  I  should  have  told  you  that  I  dined  on  Sun¬ 
day  with  Margaret  Lucas— John  Bright’s  sister— and  lunched  today  with 
Mrs.  Mellen,  mother-in-law  of  General  Palmer,  of  Colorado,  president  of  the 
Rio  Grande  R.  R.— an  elegant  and  wealthy  woman. 

London,  June  22. 

My  Dear  Sister:  .  .  .  Sunday  morning  we  went  to  hear  Stopford 

Brooke,  a  seceder  from  the  established  church.  I  could  see  no  diminution  m 
the  poppings  up  and  down,  nor  in  the  intonings  and  singsongs,  but  when,  af¬ 
ter  a  full  hour  of  the  incantations,  he  came  to  his  sermon  on  the  Christian 
duty  of  total  abstinence,  he  gave  us  a  splendid  one.  Before  commencing  he 
said  that,  from  his  request  the  previous  Sunday,  twenty  members  out  of  his 
congregation  of  600  came  to  the  meeting  to  form  a  Church  Total  Abstinence 
Society,  and  ten  of  those  made  special  and  earnest  protest  against  the  forma¬ 
tion  of  such  a  society !  Can  you  imagine  the  chilliness  of  the  spiritual  air  m 
that  church  as  he  laid  down  the  Christian’s  duty  of  denying  himself  that  he 
might  save  his  fellow  who  had  not  the  power  to  drink  moderately  ? 

Afterwards,  we  called  on  Hon.  William  D.  Kelley,  wife  and  daughter  Flor¬ 
ence,  of  Philadelphia.  We  also  attended  a  reception  at  Emily  Faithfull’s  and 
met  a  number  of  nice  people ;  then  took  underground  railway  for  Bedford 
Park  and  had  tea  with  Eliza  Orme,  England’s  first  and  only  woman  lawyer— 
or  as  nearly  one  as  she  can  be  and  not  have  passed  the  Queen  s  Bench.  Her 
mother  was  lovely  and  so  proud  of  her  daughter  and  glad  to  see  me.  Miss 
Orme  has  a  partner,  Miss  Richardson,  who  is  a  member  of  the  London  school 
board  and  has  visited  our  schools  in  America.  She  says  London  has  none, 
public  or  private,  to  compare  with  those  of  the  United  States. 

The  next  morning  we  went  to  hear  Laura  Curtis  Bullard  read  her  sketch  of 
Mrs.  Stanton,  which  is  to  go  into  Famous  Women,  the  same  book  for  which 
Mrs.  Stanton  is  writing  me  up.  In  the  afternoon  we  called  on  Miss  Muller, 
who  purchased  a  house  and  lives  in  it  that  she  may  be  a  householder,  as  is 
necessary  to  hold  office.  She  too  is  a  member  of  the  school  board.  Miss  Muller 
insisted  that  I  should  talk  to  the  ladies  there,  about  thirty  of  them,  and  so  I  did, 
sitting  under  the  trees  in  her  garden,  where  we  had  our  tea.  Thence  we  went 
to  the  women’s  suffrage  parlors  and  met  some  fifty  or  sixty,  and  then  to 
the  Albemarle  Club  of  both  ladies  and  gentlemen,  the  only  one  of  the  kind 
in  London.  Then  came  a  meeting  at  the  Somerville  Club  — all  ladies.  A 
paper  was  read  on  the  topic,  “Sentiment  is  not  founded  on  reason  and  is  a 
hindrance  to  progress,”  and  followed  by  a  bright  discussion,  in  which  both 
Rachel  and  I  were  invited  to  take  part.  A  pretty  full  afternoon  and  evening! 

Wednesday  morning  I  studied  on  my  speech  for  the  25th  under  the  auspices 
of  the  National  Women’s  Suffrage  Society.  Harriot  has  so  divided  the  sub¬ 
ject,  that  Mrs.  Stanton  is  to  take  the  educational,  social  and  religious  depart¬ 
ments,  and  S.  B.  A.  the  industrial,  legal  and  political.  That  evening  we 
went  to  the  Court  Theater  with  Mrs.  Florence  Fenwick  Miller,  another  mem¬ 
ber  of  the  London  school  board.  The  nights  are  all  days  here  now  daylight 
till  after  9  o’clock  and  again  at  3.  Rachel  and  I  lunched  with  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Jacob  Bright,  and  had  a  splendid  visit;  then  went  to  the  school  board  meet- 


* 


miss  Anthony’s  European  letters. 


565 


ing.  Saw  there  five  of  the 
seven  women  members, 
among  them  Miss  Helen 
Taylor,  stepdaughter  of  John 
Stuart  Mill,  and  the  senior  wom¬ 
an  member  of  the  board.  Today 
I  spent  an  hour  with  Mrs.  Lucas, 
sister  of  John  and  Jacob  Bright,  and  this  afternoon  Rachel  and  I  are  going 
to  a  Women’s  Poor  Law  Guardian  meeting,  at  which  Mrs.  Lucas  is  to  preside 
and  other  ladies  to  speak.  .  .  . 

Just  back  from  the  meeting.  In  all  England  there  are  thirty-one 
women  poor  law  guardians.  There  are  19,000  of  the  guardians  elected  and 
1,000,  mainly  clergymen,  are  honorary.  They  have  over  1,000,000  paupers  to 
look  after.  The  secretary,  Mrs.  Chamberlain,  stated  that  in  her  section  of 
London  there  were  16,000.  The  guardians  overlook  everything  about  the 
workhouses  and  asylums,  get  no  pay,  and  yet  the  public  hesitates  to  put  women 
on  the  board.  One  man  stirred  up  the  handful  present  by  saying,  “suffrage 
not  only  for  widows  and  spinsters,  but  for  married  women.” 

June  26. — Well,  the  ordeal  is  over  and  everybody  is  delighted.  Moncure  D. 
Conway  said:  “  I  have  learned  more  of  American  history  from  your  speech 
than  I  ever  dreamed  had  been  made  during  the  past  thirty  years.”  Even  the 
timid  ones  expressed  great  satisfaction.  Mrs.  Stanton  gave  them  the  rankest 
radical  sentiments,  but  all  so  cushioned  they  didn’t  hurt.  Mrs.  Duncan  Mc¬ 
Laren  came  down  from  Edinburgh  and  Mrs.  Margaret  Parker  from  Dundee. 
Rachel  said  I  made  a  good  statement  of  the  industrial,  legal  and  political 
status  of  women  in  America.  We  went  to  tea  writh  Mrs.  Jacob  Bright;  then 
I  took  dinner  with  Mrs.  Stanton  at  Mrs.  Mellen’s,  getting  up  from  table  at 
9 : 15  p.  m. 


Saturday  Rachel  and  I  drove  four  hours  in  Miss  Muller’s  carriage  and 
called  on  Lady  Wilde,  a  bright,  quaint  woman.  Sunday  morning  I  went  to 
Friends’  meeting  and  had  a  look  at  John  Bright,  though  I  was  not  sure  it  was 
he  until  after  the  meeting  was  over;  then  he  was  gone,  and  I  not  introduced 
to  him !  In  the  afternoon  I  called  on  Miss  Jane  Cobden,  daughter  of  Richard 
Cobden,  a  charming  woman.  Yesterday  I  presented  her  with  a  set  of  our 
History  in  *  .  ~ 

memory  of  her  A.f- 

noble  father, 
and  for  her  own  sake  also. 

I  will  not  foreshadow  the 
coming  days  but  they  are 
busy  indeed.  You  will 
see  that  the  Central  Com¬ 
mittee  have  put  both  my 

name  and  Mrs.  Stanton’s  on  the  card  for  the  meeting  of  July  5. 


London,  June  28. 

My  Dear  Sister:  It  is  now  just  after  luncheon  and  at  4  o’clock  we  are  to 
be  at  Mrs.  Jacob  Bright’s  reception,  tomorrow  evening  atone  at  Mrs.  Thomas- 
son’s,  which  she  gives  to  friends  for  the  special  purpose  of  meeting  Stanton 


566 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


and  Anthony,  and  Saturday  at  Frances  Power  Cobbe’s — and  so  we  go.  Yes¬ 
terday  morning  Miss  Frances  Lord — a  poor  law  guardian — escorted  us  through 
Lambeth  workhouse.  It  has  1,000  inmates  and  700  more  in  the  infirmary, 
and  gives  out-door  relief  to  2,000  besides. 


[Jacob  Bright  presided  over  the  Prince’s  Hall  meeting,  and 
William  Woodall  over  that  at  St.  James’  Hall.1  All  of  the 
prominent  newspapers  in  Great  Britain  contained  editorials  on 
the  meetings,  and  noted  especially  the  addresses  of  Miss  An¬ 
thony  and  Mrs.  Stanton,  speaking  of  them  in  a  dignified  and 
respectful  manner.] 

London,  July  13. 

My  Dear  Sister:  My  last  letter  was  mailed  the  3d.  That  afternoon  I 
was  at  Rebecca  Moore’s  reception.  We  dined  at  Miss  Muller’s  and  after¬ 
wards  went  to  Horn’s  assembly  rooms  to  a  suffrage  meeting.  Her  sister  Eva, 
wife  of  Walter  McLaren,  M.  P.,  was  one  of  the  speakers.  .  .  .  At9p.  m., 

we  went  to  a  Fourth  of  July  reception  at  Mrs.  Mellen’s,  given  in  honor  of 
Mrs.  Stanton  and  Miss  Anthony,  and  a  brilliant  affair  it  was.  About  150 
were  there;  she  had  elegant  refreshments;  and  the  young  American  girls  gave 
songs,  recitations,  violin  music,  etc.  Grace  Greenwood  recited  her  “  Mistress 
O’  Rafferty  a  woman’s  rights  poem  in  Irish  brogue— very  rich  and  racy ; 
her  daughter  Annie  sang,  also  Mrs.  Carpenter,  of  Chicago;  Kate  Plillard,  of 
Brooklyn,  Adelaide  Detchon,  the  actress,  and  Mildred  Conway  recited; 
Frank  Lincoln  impersonated;  Nathaniel  Mellen  sang  a  negro  jubilee  melody ; 
Maude  Powell  played  the  violin.  She  is  not  fifteen  yet  and  is  a  charming 
player.  The  company  did  not  disperse  until  after  one. 

July  5,  drove  to  Mrs.  Mellen’s  to  a  10  o’clock  breakfast,  and  worked  on 
Rachel’s  report  of  my  Prince’s  Hall  speech — you’ll  find  it  in  full  in  the 


1  WOMEN’S  SUFFRAGE. 

A  Public  Meeting  will  be  held  in 
ST.  JAMES’  HALL,  PICCADILLY, 

Thursday,  July  5th,  1883, 

In  Support  of  the  Resolution  to  be  moved  by  Mr.  Mason  in  the  House  of  Commons,  on  July 
6th,  for  extending  the  Parliamentary  Franchise  to  Women  who  possess  the  qualifications 

which  entitle  men  to  Vote. 

Doors  open  at  7.  Organ  Recital  7  to  8.  The  Chair  will  be  taken  at  8  o’clock  by 

WILLIAM  WOODALL,  ESQ.,  M.  P. 


Mrs.  Fawcett. 

Dr.  Cameron,  M.  P, 
Miss  Tod. 

J.  P.  Tliomasson,  Esq., 
Mrs.  Beddoe. 

M  rs.  E.  Cady  Stanton. 
Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony 


M.  P. 


W.  S.  Caine,  Esq.,  M.  P. 
Mrs.  Fenwick  Miller. 
Arthur  Arnold,  Esq.,  M 
Miss  Becker. 

A.  Illingworth,  Esq.,  M.  P 
Miss  Muller. 


Mrs.  Oliver  Scatcherd. 
R.P.Blennerhassett,Esq.,M.P. 
P.  Miss  Eliza  Sturge. 

Thos.  Roe,  Esq.,  M.  P. 

J.  A.  Blake,  Esq.,  M.  P. 

W.  Summers,  Esq.,  M.  P. 
Thos.  Burt,  Esq.,  M.  P. 


C.  H.  Hopwood,  Esq.,  M.  P. 

Mrs.  Ashford,  Miss  Bewicke,  Miss  C.  A.  Biggs,  Miss  Cobden,  Mrs.  Cowen,  Mrs.  Ormiston 
Chant,  Mrs.  J.  R.  Ford,  Mrs.  Hoggan,  M.  D.,  Mrs.  Lucas,  Miss  Frances  Lord,  Miss  Lupton, 
Mrs.  McLaren,  Mrs.  Paterson,  Miss  E.  Smith,  Miss  Stacpoole,  Mrs.  J.  P.  Thomasson,  Miss 
Laura  Waittle,  and  other  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  are  expected  to  be  present. 
Numbered  Sofa  Stalls,  2s.  6d.  Balcony  and  Reserved  Seats,  Is.  Body  of  the  Hall 

and  Gallery  Free. 


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567 


Englishwoman’s  Review.  In  the  evening  Mrs.  Thomasson  gave  a  splendid 
dinner-party,  and  afterwards  took  us  all  in  carriages  to  the  St.  James’  Hall 
suffrage  demonstration,  where  there  was  a  fine  audience  of  about  2,000.  .  . 

Next  morning  I  went  to  a  meeting  of  the  suffrage  friends  from  various  towns 
who  had  come  up  for  the  demonstration.  At  8  p.  m.  Mrs.  McLaren  took  me 
to  the  House  of  Commons,  to  witness  Mr.  Hugh  Mason  present  the  Women’s 
Suffrage  Bill;  so  I  heard  all  the  speeches  pro  and  con,  up  to  1:30  a.  m.,  and 
how  tired  I  was!  Mr.  Jacob  Bright’s  was  the  strongest  and  most  earnest. 

The  morning  of  July  7,  at  the  suffrage  rooms,  I  heard  strong  protests 
against  the  way  Mr.  Mason  disclaimed  all  intention  of  enfranchising  married 
women.  He  carried  the  matter  too  far  even  for  the  most  timid.  In  the  after¬ 
noon,  we  went  to  the  Somerville  Club,  and  Rachel  spoke  beautifully  on  the 
need  of  union  and  co-operation  among  women.  I  followed  her,  and  Mrs. 
McLaren  moved  a  vote  of  thanks.  .  .  .  Rachel  left  for  Antwerp  this 

evening,  to  meet  her  mother  and  sister,  and  I  returned  to  my  room,  lonesome 
enough.  Sunday  I  lunched  with  Mrs.  Lucas  and  Mrs.  McLaren.  I  had  calls 
from  three  factory-women,  who  told  a  sad  story  of  the  impossibility  of  get¬ 
ting  even  a  dollar  ahead  by  the  most  frugal  and  temperate  habits. 

Have  I  told  you  that  I  have  a  new  dark  garnet  velvet?  I  wore  it  with  my 
point  lace  at  Mrs.  Mellen’s  reception  on  the  Fourth,  and  the  India  shawl  I  have 
worn  today  for  the  first  time.  .  .  .  Tuesday  I  went  with  Mrs.  Lucas  to 

the  Crystal  Palace  at  Sydenham  to  a  great  national  temperance  demonstra¬ 
tion.  More  than  50,000  people  passed  the  gates  at  a  shilling  apiece,  and  we 
saw  a  solid  mass  of  5,000  boys  and  girls  from  all  parts  of  the  kingdom  seated 
in  a  huge  amphitheater,  singing  temperance  songs— a  beautiful  sight.  Then 
in  another  part  of  the  palace  was  an  audience  of  2,000  listening  to  speeches. 
Among  the  speakers  was  Canon  Wilberforce,  a  grandson  of  the  great  Aboli¬ 
tionist  but  a  degenerate  one.  He  said  the  reason  the  temperance  movement 
was  now  progressing  so  rapidly  was  because  the  persons  who  led  it  were 
praying  people,  and  that  the  Lord  had  willed  it,  and  all  depended  on  whether 
it  was  kept  in  the  Lord’s  hands — if  not,  then  it  would  fall  back  like  the  old 
Washingtonian  movement  in  America.  Mrs.  Lucas  was  very  wroth,  and  so 
was  I.  He  never  spoke  of  woman  except  as  “  maiden  aunt”  or  “old  grand¬ 
mother,”  and  advised  the  boys  to  take  a  little  wine  for  the  stomach’s  sake. 

At  6  o  clock  we  went  to  Miss  Muller’s  where  I  remained  until  today.  She 
took  me  to  the  Gaiety  Theater  to  see  Sarah  Bernhardt.  What  a  magnificent 
actor!  I  never  saw  any  man  or  woman  who  so  absolutely  buried  self  out  of 
sight  and  became  the  very  being  personated.  Though  I  couldn’t  under¬ 
stand  a  single  word,  I  enjoyed  it  all  until  the  curtain  fell  at  half-past  eleven. 
I  was  tired  beyond  telling,  but  felt  richly  repaid  by  the  seeing.  She  must  be 
master  of  her  divine  art  thus  to  impress  one  by  action  alone.  Today  Mrs. 
McLaren  invites  me  to  dine  at  her  son’s,  Charles  McLaren,  M.  P.  All  this 
is  written  in  a  hurry  but  is  perhaps  better  than  nothing.  It  is  so  difficult  to 
clutch  a  moment  to  write. 

London,  July  19. 

My  Dear  Rachel:  ...  I  am  to  attend  a  suffrage  meeting  at  the  West¬ 
minster  Palace  Hotel  Hall  this  afternoon,  and  tomorrow  at  10:25  a.  m.  I 
start  for  Edinburgh  with  Mrs.  Moore.  I  am  bound  to  suck  all  the  honey 


568 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


possible  out  of  everybody  and  everything  as  they  come  to  me  or  I  go  to  them. 
It  is  such  unwisdom,  such  unhappiness,  not  to  look  for  and  think  and  talk  of 
the  best  in  all  things  and  all  people;  so  you  see  at  threescore  and  three  I  am 
still  trying  always  to  keep  the  bright  and  right  side  up.  I  am  expecting  a 
great  ferment  at  the  meeting  today,  for  those  who  agree  with  Mrs.  Jacob 
Bright  have  asked  Mrs.  Stanton  to  confer  with  them  about  what  they  shall  do 
now.  She  advises  them  to  demand  suffrage  for  all  women,  married  and 
single;  but  I  contend  that  it  is  not  in  good  taste  for  either  of  us  to  counsel 

public  opposition  to  the  bill  before  Parliament . 

I  wrote  you  about  Miss - .  She  is  settled  in  the  conviction  that  she 

never  will  marry  any  man— not  even  the  one  with  whom  she  has  had  so  close 
a  friendship  for  the  past  ten  years.  She  feels  that  to  do  the  work  for  the 
world  which  she  has  mapped  out  she  must  eschew  marriage,  accepting 
platonic  friendship  but  no  more.  I  tell  her  she  is  giving  her  nature  a  severe 
trial  by  allowing  herself  this  one  particular  friend,  that  if  he  does  not  in  the 
end  succeed  in  getting  her  to  marry  him,  it  will  be  the  first  escape  I  ever 
have  heard  of.  She  is  a  charming,  earnest,  conscientious  woman,  and  I  feel 
deeply  interested  in  her  experiment. 


[After  being  royally  entertained  in  London  and  making 
many  little  trips  into  the  beautiful  country  around,  Miss 
Anthony  left  for  Edinburgh  July  20,  carrying  with  her  many 
pleasant  remembrances  of  friends.] 


Edinburgh,  July  22. 

My  Dear  Sister:  Here  I  am  in  Huntley  Lodge,  the  delightful  home  of 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Pease  Nichol,  whose  name  we  so  often  used  to  see  in  the 
Liberator  and  the  Anti-Slavery  Standard,  and  of  whom  we  used  to  hear  from 
Mr.  Phillips  and  others  who  had  visited  England.  We  had  a  most  cordial 
welcome  from  Mrs.  Nichol — a  queenly  woman.  She  is  now  seventy-seven, 
and  lives  in  this  handsome  house,  two  miles  from  the  center  of  the  city,  with 
only  her  servants.  .  .  . 

Mrs.  Nichol  has  gone  to  her  room  to  rest  and  Mrs.  Moore  and  I  are  writing 
in  the  little,  sunny  southeast  parlor.  I  have  an  elegant  suite  of  three  rooms, 
the  same  Mr.  Garrison  occupied  when  he  visited  here  in  1867  and  in  1877. 
Mrs.  Nichol  is  one  of  the  few  left  of  that  historic  World’s  Anti-Slavery  Con¬ 
vention  of  1840.  We  are  going  to  a  “substantial  tea  ”  with  Dr.  Agnes 
McLaren,  daughter  of  Duncan  McLaren.  She  is  very  bright— spent  four 
years  in  France  studying  her  profession— has  a  good  practice,  takes  a  house 
by  herself,  and  invites  to  it  her  friends.  So  many  young  Englishwomen  are 
doing  this,  and  indeed  it  is  a  good  thing  for  single  women  to  do. 

The  suffrage  society— Eliza  Wigham,  president,  Jessie  M.  Wellstood,  secre¬ 
tary — has  invited  a  hundred  or  more  of  the  friends  to  an  afternoon  tea  on 
Tuesday  next  in  honor  of  my  visit,  and  I  am  to  make  a  brief  speech,  so  what 
to  say  and  how  to  say  it  come  uppermost  with  me  again. 


! 


■i 


miss  Anthony’s  European  letters. 


509 


The  Raven  Hotel,  Droitwich,  August  5. 

My  Dear  Friend  Susan  B.  Anthony:  I  have  often  wished  to  write  thee 
since  we  parted  in  London,  my  heart  has  been  so  full  of  loving  thought.  It 
has  been  a  greater  trial  than  I  can  describe  that  I  have  been  denied  the 
pleasure  of  receiving  thee  in  my  home  in  Edinburgh.  If  it  had  been  only  for 
an  hour,  I  should  have  looked  back  on  that  hour  as  one  of  great  privilege. 
But  even  if  we  should  not  meet  again,  I  have  had  a  pleasure  which  seems 
almost  like  a  dream  to  me,  in  having  made  the  personal  acquaintance  of  thy¬ 
self  and  dear  Mrs.  Stanton.  .  .  . 

That  thou  shouldst  have  been  on  the  1st  of  August  with  the  Elizabeth  Pease 
of  those  grand  anti-slavery  times,  revived  in  me  the  thought  I  expressed  in 
moving  a  vote  of  thanks  to  thee  and  Mrs.  Cady  Stanton  for  the  noble  ad¬ 
dresses  you  gave  at  the  Prince's  Hall  Meeting  in  London;  .  .  .  that 
you  had  been  brought  here  to  give  us  the  hand  of  rejoicing  fellowship;  and 
that  it  gave  me  great  faith  to  believe  the  God  of  Justice  was  leading  us  on, 
and  had  brought  England  and  America  together  by  your  presence  amongst 
us  at  this  most  critical  and  hopeful  time  of  our  agitation. 

I  have  addressed  thee  in  the  dear  singular  person,  because  it  seemed  to  me 
in  harmony  with  the  noble  simplicity  of  thy  character,  and  also  more  affec¬ 
tionate-just  as  I  feel  toward  thee.  Believe  me,  dear  friend— I  love  so  to 
call  thee — thine  very  affectionately,  Priscilla  Bright  McLaren. 

[The  diary  notes  many  teas  and  luncheons  in  Edinburgh, 
drives  to  Melrose  Abbey,  Holy  rood  Palace,  Roslyn  Castle,  to 
the  celebrated  monuments,  the  old  cathedrals  and  the  university  ; 
calls  from  distinguished  professors  and  those  interested  in 
philanthropic  movements,  visits  to  public  institutions,  and 
lovely  gifts  from  the  new  friends.  Every  day  of  the  month 
was  filled  with  pleasant  incidents.  The  scenery  through  the 
lake  and  mountain  regions  Miss  Anthony  found  so  beautiful 
that,  although  there  was  a  steady  downpour  of  rain  for  days, 
she  sat  on  the  outside  of  boat  or  stage  in  order  not  to  miss  a 
moment  of  it.  She  hunted  up  the  old  home  of  Thomas  Clark¬ 
son  but  could  not  find  there  a  person  who  ever  had  heard  of 
him.  She  went  also  to  the  Friends’  meeting  house  at  Ulvers- 
ton,  presented  to  the  Society  by  George  Fox  and  completed  in 
1688.  To  her  such  spots  as  these  were  more  interesting  and 
hallowed  than  towering  castles  and  vine-clad  abbeys.] 

Ballachulish  Hotel,  August  13. 

My  Dear  Sister:  Miss  Julia  Osgood  and  I  are  here,  waiting  for  sunshine. 

.  .  .  .  While  in  Edinburgh  Mrs.  Nichol  drove  us  out  to  Craigmillar  Castle, 
where  I  saw  the  very  rooms  in  which  Queen  Mary  lived.  We  bought  for  a 
shilling  a  basket  of  strawberries  plucked— no,  “  pulled  the  old  man  who 


570 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


sold  them  said,  from  the  very  garden  in  which  berries  and  vegetables  were 
“  pulled  ”  for  Queen  Mary  three  hundred  years  ago.  One  evening  Professor 
Blackie,  of  the  Edinburgh  University,  dined  with  Mrs.  Nichol.  At  my  recep¬ 
tion  he  had  said  he  did  not  want  to  “  see  refined,  delicate  women  going  down 
into  the  muddy  pool  of  politics,”  and  I  asked  him  if  he  had  ever  thought  that, 
since  the  only  places  which  were  too  filthy  for  women  were  those  where  men 
alone  went,  perhaps  they  might  be  so  from  lack  of  women.  At  dinner  Mrs. 
Nichol  rallied  him  on  the  report  that  he  had  been  converted,  and  he  admitted 
that  it  was  true ;  so  as  he  was  leaving  I  said,  “  Then  I  am  to  reckon  an  Edin- 
boro’  professor  among  my  converts  ?”  He  seized  my  hand  and  kissed  it, 
saying,  “  I’ll  seal  it  with  a  kiss.”  Don’t  be  alarmed — he  is  fully  eighty  years 
of  age  but  blithe  and  frolicsome — sang  and  acted  out  a  Scotch  war-song  in  the 
real  Gaelic. 

On  August  1  we  saw  200  medical  students  capped — and  not  a  woman  among 
them,  because  the  powers  ruled  that  none  should  be  admitted.  That  after¬ 
noon  we  called  on  Professor  Masson,  a  great  champion  of  co-education.  We 
took  tea  with  Mrs.  Jane  and  Miss  Eliza  Wigham.  The  stepmother,  now 
eighty-two,  was  Jane  Smeale  in  1840.  In  their  house  have  visited  Henry  C. 
Wright,  Parker  Pillsbury,  and  of  course  Mr.  Garrison.  Mrs.  Nichol  went 
with  us  to  Melrose  by  rail,  from  which  we  drove  to  Abbotsford.  .  .  . 

Tuesday  at  2  o’clock  Miss  Osgood  and  I  landed  at  Stirling.  At  4:30  we 
reached  Callander,  where  I  found  no  trunk,  and  not  a  man  of  them  could  give 
a  guess  as  to  its  whereabouts.  They  give  you  no  check  here,  but  just  stick  a 
patch  on  your  trunk.  I  had  expected  not  to  find  it  at  every  stop,  and  now  it 
was  gone  for  sure ;  but  the  station-master  was  certain  he  could  find  it  and  for¬ 
ward  it  to  me,  so  he  wrote  out  its  description  and  telegraphed  in  every  direc¬ 
tion.  Meanwhile  we  went  to  a  hotel  for  luncheon  and  there  in  the  hall  was 
my  trunk!  Nobody  knew  why  or  how  it  got  there  and  all  acknowledged  our 
American  check  system  superior.  I  was  raging  at  their  stupidity,  and  no  sys¬ 
tem  at  all,  but  laughingly  said,  “  You  ought  to  send  this  trunk  free  a  thous¬ 
and  miles  to  pay  for  my  big  scold  at  you.”  The  man  good-naturedly  replied, 
“  Where  will  you  have  it  sent  ?  ”  I  answered  “  Oban,”  and  he  booked  it. 

At  6  o’clock  we  took  the  front  seat  with  the  driver  on  a  great  high  stage 
which  we  mounted  by  a  ladder — they  call  the  stage  the  4 ‘  machine  ” — and 
drove  a  few  miles  to  the  Trossachs  Hotel,  past  Loch  Achray  and  Loch  Ven- 
nachar.  .  .  .  While  the  rain  rested  this  noon  I  took  a  walk  up  the 

ravine  and  it  seemed  very  like  going  up  the  mountain  at  Grandfather  An¬ 
thony’s.  Indeed,  there  is  nothing  here  more  beautiful  than  we  have  in 
America,  only  everything  has  some  historic  or  poetic  association.  .  .  . 

Bruntsfielo  Lodge,  Whitehouse  Loan,  Edinburgh,  August  23. 

My  Dear  Sister:  Here  am  I,  back  in  Edinboro’  again,  at  Dr.  Jex-Blake’s 
delightful  home — at  least  one  hundred  and  fifty  years  old,  with  an  acre  or 
more  of  garden  all  enclosed  with  a  six-foot  wall.  Lodge  means  a  walled-in 
house ;  loan  means  lane,  and  the  street  took  its  name  from  a  white  house 
which  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  ago  stood  in  this  road.  Every  day  the 
doctor  has  taken  me  a  long  and  beautiful  ride  in  her  basket-carriage,  driving 
her  own  little  pony,  White  Angel,  or  her  bay  horse,  while  her  boy-groom 
rides  in  his  perch  behind.  Today  she  drove  me  through  Lord  Rosebery’s 


miss  Anthony’s  European  letters.  571 

park  of  thousands  of  acres.  It  is  lovely  as  a  native  forest — the  roads  macad¬ 
amized  all  through— and  a  palace-like  residence  set  deep  within. 

Ambleside,  August  27. 

My  Dear  Sister:  Last  Thursday  I  left  Edinburgh  for  Penrith,  which  has 
a  fine  view  of  the  lake  and  the  hills  beyond.  Next  morning  I  took  steamer  at 
Pooley  Bridge.  The  trip  the  whole  length  of  the  lake  was  beautiful,  but  can 
not  compare  with  Lake  George— indeed,  nothing  I  have  seen  equals  that—  but 
the  hills  (mountains,  they  call  them  here),  the  water  and  the  sky  all  were 
lovely.  At  Patterdale  I  had  a  cup  of  tea,  with  bread  and  butter  and  the  veri¬ 
table  orange  marmalade  manufactured  at  Dundee.  Thence  I  took  a  stage 
over  Kirkstone  Pass,  and  walked  two  miles  up  the  hills  to  a  small  hotel  with 
a  signboard  saying  it  is  the  highest  inhabited  house  in  England,  1,114  feet 
above  the  sea— not  very  much  beside  Denver’s  6,000  and  others  in  Colorado 
10,000  or  12,000.  Arrived  at  Ambleside  to  find  the  hotel  overflowing,  so  they 
sent  me  to  a  farmer’s  house  where  I  had  a  good  bed,  splendid  milk  and  sweet 
butter.  Saturday  morning  I  went  by  coach  to  Coniston,  then  railway  to  Fur¬ 
ness  Abbey,  a  seven-hundred-year-old  ruin  of  magnificent  proportions.  After 
four  hours  there,  I  took  a  train  to  Lakeside  and  then  steamer  up  Lake  Win¬ 
dermere  back  to  Ambleside.  The  hotel  still  being  full,  “  the  Boots,”  as  they 
call  the  porter  or  runner,  found  me  lodgings  at  a  private  house,  where  I  am 
now.  It  is  the  tiniest  little  stone  cottage,  but  they  have  a  cow,  so  I  am  in 
clover.  My  breakfasts  consist  of  a  bit  of  ham,  cured  by  the  hostess,  a  boiled 
egg,  white  and  graham  bread  with  butter  and  currant  jam,  and  a  cup  of  tea. 

Saturday  evening  I  strolled  out  and  entered  the  gate  of  Harriet  Martineau’s 
home.  On  the  terrace  I  met  the  present  occupants,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  William 
Henry  Hills.  They  invited  me  to  call  in  the  morning,  when  they  would  be 
happy  to  show  me  over  the  house.  In  naming  the  hour  they  said:  “We 
never'  go  to  church— we  are  Liberal  Friends— real  Friends.”  At  that  I 
immediately  felt  at  home  with  them.  I  called  and  spent  two  hours  sitting 
and  chatting  in  the  drawing-room  where  Harriet  Martineau  received  her 
many  distinguished  guests,  and  in  the  kitchen  saw  the  very  same  table, 
chairs  and  range  which  were  there  when  she  died,  and  sitting  on  the  doorsill 
was  the  same  black-and-yellow  cat,  said  to  be  fourteen  years  old  now.  The 
Hillsjnvited  me  to  5  o’clock  tea,  which  we  took  in  the  library,  where  Miss 
Martineau  used  to  sit  and  study  as  well  as  entertain  her  guests  at  dinner.  It 
seemed  impossible  to  realize  that  I  was  actually  in  her  house.  It  is  not 
large  and  is  covered  with  ivy,  which  grows  most  luxuriantly  everywhere. 
It  fronts  on  a  large  field,  much  lower  than  the  knoll  on  which  it  stands,  and 
fine  hills  stretch  off  beyond.  The  old  gardener,  who  has  been  here  more 
than  thirty  years,  still  lives  in  a  little  stone  cottage  just  under  the  terrace. 


Mr.  Hills  is  a  great  lover  of  America  and  its  institutions.  He  is  one  of  the 
very  few  I  have  met  here  who  really  love  republicanism.  Nearly  every  one 


572 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


clings  to  the  caste  and  class  principle,  thinks  the  world  can  not  exist  if  a 
portion  of  the  people  are  not  doomed  to  be  servants,  and  that  for  the  poor  to 
have  an  ambition  to  rise  and  become  something  more  than  their  parents 
makes  them  discontented.  “  Yes,”  I  answer,  “  and  that  is  just  what  I  want 
them  to  be,  because  it  is  only  through  a  wholesome  discontent  with  things  as 
they  are,  that  we  ever  try  to  make  them  any  better.”  .  .  . 


Dublin,  September  10. 

My  Dear  Sister:  ...  I  stayed  in  Belfast  some  days,  and  visited  the 
Giant’s  Causeway  with  Miss  Isabella  Tod,  amidst  sunshine  and  drenching 
showers;  still  it  was  a  splendid  sight,  fully  equal  to  Fingal’s  Cave.  The  day 
before,  we  went  nearly  one  hundred  miles  into  the  country  to  a  village  where 
she  spoke  at  a  temperance  meeting.  Here  we  were  guests  of  the  Presbyterian 
minister — a  cousin  of  Joseph  Medill,  of  the  Chicago  Tribune — and  a  cordial 
greeting  he  and  his  bright  wife  gave  me.  They  have  three  Presbyterian 
churches  in  that  one  little  village.  All  welcomed  the  woman  speaker  most 
kindly,  but  not  a  person  could  be  urged  to  vote  down  the  whiskey  shops,  as 
these  are  licensed  by  a  justice  of  the  peace,  appointed  by  the  Lord  Chancel¬ 
lor  of  Ireland,  who  receives  his  appointment  from  the  Queen  of  England ! 


So  all  she  could  ask  was  that  every  one  should  become  a  total  ab¬ 
stainer.  I  do  not  see  how  they  can  submit  to  be  thus  voiceless  as  to 
their  own  home  regulations. 

Saturday  I  took  tea  with  Mrs.  Haslam,  a  bright,  lovely  “  come-outer  ” 
from  the  Friends.  She  had  invited  some  twenty  or  thirty  to  be  present  at 
eight,  and  I  spoke,  they  asking  questions  and  I  answering.  Among  them 
were  a  son  of  the  Abolitionist  Kichard  D.  Webb,  and  ever  so  many  nephews 
and  nieces.  Eliza  Wigham’s  brother  Henry  and  his  wife  had  come  ten  miles 
to  be  there.  .  .  .  This  afternoon  I  am  going  to  the  common  council  meet¬ 

ing  with  Alfred  Webb,  who  is  a  member  and  a  strong  Home  Euler.  The 
question  of  electing  their  own  tax  collector  is  to  be  discussed. 


Cork,  September  16. 

My  Dear  Sister:  .  .  .  Your  heart  would  break  if  you  were  here  to  see 

the  poverty  and  rags,  and  yet  the  people  seem  cheerful  under  it  all.  Some¬ 
thing  surely  must  be  wrong  at  the  root  to  bear  such  fruit.  I  have  had  an 
awfully  “  hard  side  of  a  board  time  ”  of  ten  hours  in  a  third-class  car,  paying 
therefor  just  as  much  as  I  would  on  the  N.  Y.  Central  for  a  first-class  ticket. 
I  not  only  saved  $4.25  by  going  third-class,  but  I  saw  the  natives.  Men, 
women,  boys  and  girls  who  had  been  to  the  market  towns  with  their  produce 
were  on  the  train,  and  to  see  them  as  they  tumbled  in  toward  evening,  at  town 


miss  Anthony’s  European  letters.  573 

after  town,  one  would  think  that  whiskey  and  tobacco  were  the  main  articles 
they  bought.  Any  number  of  men  and  boys,  and  at  least  four  women,  were 
drunk  enough,  and  they  brought  bottles  with  them  and  added  to  their  puling 
idiocy  as  they  went  on.  Nothing  short  of  a  pig-sty  could  match  the  filth, 
but  it  is  only  in  that  class  of  cars  that  you  see  anything  of  the  vast  number  of 
poor  farmers  and  laborers.  If  they  can  not  pay  exorbitant  rates,  refined, 
educated  men  and  women  are  thrust  into  pens  and  seated  face  to  face  with 
the  smoking,  drinking,  carousing  rabble.  I  have  every  where  protested  against 
this  outrage  and  urged  the  women  to  demand  that  the  railway  companies 
should  give  them  separate  cars,  with  no  smoking  allowed.  .  .  . 

Leamington,  October  1. 

My  Dear  Rachel  :  .  .  .  I  must  have  told  you  of  my  good  times  at  Bel¬ 

fast  with  Miss  Tod,  who  gave  a  reception  for  me  and  I  had  a  welcome  all 
round. 

Miss  Osgood  met  me  at  Cork,  and  we  went  by  rail  to  Macroom.  Tuesday 
morning  we  visited  the  convent,  nuns’  schools,  and  the  poorhouse  with  400 
helpless  mortals,  old  and  young;  then  took  an  Irish  jaunting-car,  and  were 
driven  some  forty  miles  through  “  the  Gap  ”  to  Glengariff.  It  rained  almost 
all  the  way,  much  to  our  disgust.  Next  morning  we  packed  into  two  great 
stages  with  thirty  or  more  others,  and  started  for  the  lakes  of  Killarney ;  but 
soon  the  rain  poured  again,  and  as  we  were  losing  so  much  of  the  scenery  we 
stopped  half-way  at  Ken  mare.  We  visited  the  convent  and  the  Mother  Ab¬ 
bess  showed  us  every  cranny.  Thirty  girls  were  at  work  on  beautiful  Irish 
point  and  Limerick  lace.  These  nuns  have  400  pupils,  and  give  200  of  the 
poorest  their  breakfast  and  lunch — porridge  and  a  bit  of  bread.  At  two  we 
took  stage  again,  the  sky  looked  promising,  but  alas!  for  half  an  hour  it 
fairly  poured.  Then  it  grew  lighter,  and  we  got  very  fine  views  of  hills  and 
dales.  Killarney  is  lovely.  .  .  . 

Saturday  I  sauntered  along  the  streets  of  Killarney,  passed  the  market, 
and  saw  all  sorts  of  poor  humanity  coming  in  with  their  cattle  to  sell  or  to 
buy.  Many  rode  in  two-wheeled  carts  without  seat  or  spring,  drawn  by  little 
donkeys,  and  nearly  all  the  women  and  girls  were  bareheaded  and  bare¬ 
footed.  On  the  bridge  I  saw  some  boys  looking  down.  I  looked  too  and 
there  was  a  spectacle— a  ragged,  bareheaded,  barefooted  woman  tossing  a  wee 
baby  over  her  shoulders  and  trying  to  get  her  apron  switched  around  to  hold 
it  fast  on  her  back.  I  heard  her  say  to  herself,  “I’ll  niver  do  it,”  so  I  said, 
“  Boys,  one  of  you  run  down  there  and  help  her.”  At  that  instant  she  succeeded 
in  getting  the  baby  adjusted,  and  to  my  horror  took  up  a  bundle  from  the 
grass  and  disclosed  a  second  baby!  Then  1  went  down.  I  learned  that  she 
had  just  come  from  the  poorhouse,  where  she  had  spent  six  weeks,  and  be¬ 
fore  going  further  had  laid  her  two  three-weeks-old  boys  on  the  cold,  wet  grass, 
while  she  washed  out  their  clothes  in  the  stream.  The  clothing  was  the  merest 
rags,  all  scrambled  up  in  a  damp  bundle.  She  had  heard  her  old  mother  was 
ill  in  Milltown  and  had  “fretted”  about  her  till  she  could  bear  it  no  longer,  so 
had  started  to  walk  ten  miles  to  her.  I  hailed  a  boy  with  a  jaunting-car — told  her 
to  wait  and  I  would  take  her  home — got  my  luncheon — fed  the  boy’s  horse, 
bought  lunch  for  boy  and  woman — and  off  we  went,  she  sitting  on  one  side  of 


574 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


the  car  with  her  two  babies,  wet  bundle,  two  milk  bottles  and  rubber  ap¬ 
pendages,  bare  feet  and  flying  hair,  and  I  on  the  other,  with  the  boy  in  front. 

For  a  long  way  both  babies  cried;  they  were  blue  as  pigeons,  and  had  on 
nothing  but  little  calico  slips,  no  socks  even.  She  had  four  children  older 
than  these — a  husband  who  went  to  fairs  selling  papers  and  anything  he 
could  to  support  them  all — and  an  aged  father  and  mother  who  lived  with 
them.  She  said  if  God  had  given  her  only  one  child,  she  could  still  help  earn 
something  to  live  on,  but  now  He  had  given  her  two,  she  couldn’t.  When 
we  reached  Milltown  I  followed  her  home.  It  was  in  a  long  row  of  one-room 
things  with  a  door— but  no  window.  Some  peat  was  smouldering  under  a  hole 
in  the  roof  called  a  chimney,  and  the  place  was  thick  with  smoke.  On  the 
floor  in  one  corner  was  some  straw  with  a  blanket  on  it,  which  she  said  was 
her  bed ;  in  another  were  some  boards  fastened  into  bed-shape,  with  straw 
packed  in,  and  this  belonged  to  her  father  and  mother.  Where  the 
four  other  children,  with  the  chickens  and  the  pig,  found  their  places 
to  sleep,  I  couldn’t  see.  I  went  to  the  home  of  another  tenant,  and  there 
again  was  one  room,  and  sitting  around  a  pile  of  smoking-hot  potatoes  on  the 
cold,  wet  ground — not  a  board  or  even  a  flag-stone  for  a  floor — were  six  ragged, 
dirty  children.  Not  a  knife,  fork,  spoon  or  platter  was  to  be  seen.  The  man 
was  out  working  for  a  farmer,  his  wife  said,  and  the  evidences  were  that 
“  God  ”  was  about  to  add  a  No.  7  to  her  flock.  What  a  dreadful  creature  their 
God  must  be  to  keep  sending  hungry  mouths  while  he  withholds  the  bread  to 
fill  them !  .  .  . 

I  went  back  to  Killarney  heart-sick;  wrote  letters  Sunday,  and  Monday 
took  train  for  Limerick,  where  I  rushed  round  for  an  hour  or  two.  .  .  . 

Then  went  on  to  Galway.  Tuesday  morning  took  the  mail-car  to  Connemara, 
and  had  company  all  the  way— a  judge,  an  Irish  M.P.,  and  two  Dublin  drum¬ 
mers  —with  whom  I  talked  over  the  Irish  problem.  I  had  meant  to  make  the 
tour  of  the  western  coast  up  to  Londonderry,  but  my  courage  failed.  It  was 
to  be  the  same  soul-sickening  sight  all  the  way — only,  I  was  assured,  worse 
than  anything  yet  seen.  I  took  the  stage  back  to  Galway,  every  one  saying 
it  was  sure  to  be  a  fine  day,  but  it  proved  to  be  terrific  wind  and  rain,  and  be¬ 
fore  I  had  gone  ten  miles  my  seat  was  a  pool  of  water  and  it  took  all  my  skill 
to  keep  my  umbrella  right  side  out.  .  .  .  Once  while  the  driver  changed 

horses  I  stood  in  front  of  a  big  fire  on  the  hearth  of  the  best  farmer’s  house 
I  have  seen  here.  Everything  was  clean  and  cheerful — two  rooms — a  bed 
made  up  with  a  spotless  white  spread— the  old  father  smoking  and  the  wife 
cooking  dinner.  She  lifted  a  wooden  cover  from  a  jar  and  proudly  showed 
me  her  butter — patted  down  with  her  hands,  I  could  see — and  near  by  was 
another  jar  with  milk.  Think  of  butter  being  made  in  a  room  full  of 
tobacco-smoke !  Then  I  went  my  last  ten  out  of  the  fifty  miles,  having  been 
soaking  wet  for  eight  hours.  At  my  hotel  I  had  room  and  fire  on  a  “  double- 
quick,”  bath-tub  and  hot  water,  and  put  myself  through  a  regular  grooming. 
In  the  morning  I  rode  around  Galway,  saw  Queen’s  College  and  the  bay,  and 
then  took  train  for  Belfast. 


575 


miss  Anthony’s  European  letters. 

From  the  diary  : 

Sept.  11. — In  Dublin.  The  Professor  of  Arabic  took  me  through  Trinity 
College,  with  its  library  of  200,000  volumes.  Thence  to  the  old  Parliament 
House,  now  the  Bank  of  Ireland.  In  the  afternoon  Alfred  Webb  went  with 
me  to  the  National  League  rooms  and  from  there  to  Thomas  Webb’s  for  tea, 
where  I  saw  the  names  of  Garrison  and  N.  P.  Rogers  written  in  1840.  We 
called  on  Michael  Davitt,  the  leader  of  the  Irish  Land  League,  who  impressed 
me  as  an  earnest,  honest  man,  deeply-rooted  in  the  principles  of  freedom  and 
equality,  and  claiming  all  for  woman  that  he  does  for  man. 

Sept.  16. — At  Youghal.  Visited  the  home  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  Lady 
Hennessy,  eighty  years  old,  showing  me  around.  Found  in  a  library  Child¬ 
ren  of  the  Abbey,  and  read  again  the  story  of  Lord  Mortimer  and  Amanda. 
Once  it  thrilled  my  young  soul,  but  now  it  seems  inexpressibly  thin. 

Sept.  20. — While  I  was  talking  in  the  car  today  with  an  Irishwoman  about 
the  poverty  here,  another  behind  me  shouted:  “It  is  very  ill  manners 
for  an  American  to  come  over  here  and  abuse  the  English  government.” 

Sept.  29. — In  Belfast.  O,  how  I  would  like  to  purchase  all  the  linen  I 
want  for  myself  and  my  friends!  Have  bought  as  much  as  I  dared  and 
after  all  perhaps  I’m  cheated— but  it’s  done,  so  I  won’t  worry. 

Sept.  30. — Landed  at  Fleetwmod  and  went  direct  to  Rugby.  Walked  all 
around  the  famous  school,  but  had  not  courage  to  go  in  and  introduce  myself 
to  Doctor  Jex-Blake,  whose  sister’s  guest  I  had  so  recently  been. 

Oct.  1. — At  Leamington.  Went  direct  to  Kenilworth  Castle,  a  grand  old 
ruin ;  the  home  of  Leicester,  where  Queen  Elizabeth  visited  him  in  the  olden 
days. 

Oct.  2. — Mrs.  Mullinor  called  at  our  hotel  and  accompanied  us  to  Warwick 
Castle,  a  splendid  pile.  We  lunched  with  her,  and  when  Mr.  M.  put  fork  into 
the  roast  he  remarked:  “  Wife  asked  me  what  she  should  order  for  dinner 
and  I  said,  ‘  a  leg  of  mutton,  for  Americans  never  see  such  a  thing  at  home.’  ” 
We  smiled  and  ate  it  with  a  relish. 

Oct.  3. — At  Stratford  on  Avon,  and  we  have  visited  every  spot  sacred  to 
the  memory  of  Shakespeare,  and  walked  through  the  meadows  and  down 
by  the  riverside.  .  .  . 

Oct.  4. — In  Oxford.  I  have  visited  many  of  the  colleges,  and  as  I  saw 
where  all  the  millions  of  dollars  had  been  expended  for  the ‘education  of  boys 
alone,  I  groaned  in  spirit  and  betook  me  to  Somerville  and  St.  Margaret’s 
Halls,  where  at  least  there  is  a  shelter  for  girls,  and  a  beginning. 

Oct.  6. — In  London;  and  how  almost  like  getting  home  it  seems  to  come 
back  here. 

London,  October  7. 

My  Dear  Sister  :  Mrs.  Stanton  feels  that  she  must  stay  with  Hattie  till  the 
baby  is  a  month  old,  and  then  have  a  week  for  farewell  visits  in  London. 
Cousins  Fannie  and  Charles  Dickinson  are  here.  Today  I  learned  that  I 
should  have  a  chance  to  see  and  hear  John  Bright  at  a  convention  of  the  Lib¬ 
eral  Party  at  Leeds,  October  17 ;  all  these  together  have  made  me  put  off  leav¬ 
ing  a  little  longer.  Since  yesterday  we  have  been  in  the  midst  of  a  genuine 
London  fog.  It  is  now  10  a.  m.  and  even  darker  than  it  was  two  hours  ago, 


576 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


when  we  dressed  and  breakfasted  by  gaslight.  I  saw  smoky,  foggy  days  here 
last  March  but  they  could  not  compare  with  this,  and  yet  the  people  say,  “0, 
this  is  nothing  to  what  November  will  bring.’’  .  .  . 

London,  October  27. 

My  Dear  Sister:  Since  I  last  wrote  you  I  have  visited  Leeds  where  I  was 
the  guest  of  Mrs.  Hannah  Ford,  who  has  an  elegant  home — Adel  Grange. 
There  were  several  other  guests  who  had  come  to  attend  the  great  Liberal  dem¬ 
onstration,  among  them  Mrs.  Margaret  Priestman  Tanner,  a  sister-in-law  of 
John  Bright,  and  his  son  Albert.  Mrs.  Alice  Scatcherd,  of  Leeds,  was  the  per¬ 
son  who  had  the  sagacity  to  get  women  sent  as  delegates  and  secure  them  ad¬ 
mission  on  terms  of  perfect  equality.  The  amendment  was  a  great  triumph. 
She  invited  the  friends  to  meet  next  day  at  her  house,  where  I  saw  John 
Bright’s  daughter,  Mrs.  Helen  Clark,  and  Richard  Cobden’s,  Miss  Jane  Cob- 
den.  Both  made  speeches  at  the  convention,  and  most  fitting  it  was  they 
should — the  daughters  of  the  two  leading  Radicals  of  a  half  century  ago. 

On  Saturday,  Mrs.  Ford  took  me  to  Haworth,  the  home  of  the  Bronte  sisters. 
It  is  a  bleak  enough  place  now,  and  must  have  been  even  more  so  forty  or 
fifty  years  ago  when  those  sensitive  plants  lived  there.  A  most  sad  day  it  was 
to  me,  as  I  looked  into  the  little  parlor  where  the  sisters  walked  up  and  down 
with  their  arms  around  each  other  and  planned  their  novels,  or  sat  before  the 
fireplace  and  built  air-castles.  Then  there  were  the  mouldering  tombstones 
of  the  graveyard  which  lies  in  front  and  at  one  side  of  the  house,  and  the  old 
church-pew,  directly  over  the  vault  where  lay  their  loved  mother  and  two  sis¬ 
ters.  And  later,  when  Emily  and  Anne  and  the  erring  brother  Branwell  had 
joined  the  others,  poor  Charlotte  sat  there  alone.  The  pew  had  to  be  removed 
every  time  the  vault  was  opened  to  receive  another  occupant.  Think  of  those 
delicate  women  sitting  in  that  fireless,  mouldy  church,  listening  to  their  old 
father’s  dry,  hard  theology,  with  their  feet  on  the  cold,  carpetless  stones  which 
covered  their  loved  dead.  It  was  too  horrible  !  Then  I  walked  over  the 
single  stone  pathway  through  the  fields  toward  the  moor,  opened  the  same 
wooden  gates,  and  was,  and  still  continue  to  be,  dipped  into  the  depths  of 
their  utter  loneliness  and  sadness,  born  so  out  of  time  and  place.  How  much 
the  world  of  literature  has  lost  because  of  their  short  and  ill-environed  lives, 
we  can  guess  only  from  its  increased  wealth  in  spite  of  all  their  adverse  con¬ 
ditions. 

From  Leeds  I  went  to  Birmingham  to  attend  an  Anti-Contagious  Diseases 
Acts  conference,  and  there  heard  the  serene,  lovely  Josephine  E.  Butler. 

Miss  Muller  has  invited  Mrs.  Stanton  and  me  to  spend  the  rest  of  our  time 
with  her.  Mrs.  Lucas  and  some  others  are  going  to  Liverpool  to  say  good-bv 
to  us.  The  cordiality,  instead  of  decreasing,  grows  greater  and  greater  as  the 
day  of  departure  draws  near.  ...  I  dread  stepping  on  shipboard,  but 
long  to  set  foot  upon  my  native  soil  again.  Only  think,  I  shall  have  been 
gone  over  nine  months  when  I  land  in  New  York! 


miss  Anthony’s  European  letters. 


577 


From  the  diary : 

Oct.  13.— Last  evening  at  Mrs.  Rose’s  I  met  the  daughter  of  Charles  Brad- 
laugh,  a  talented  young  woman,  whom  the  college  refused  to  admit  to  botany 
lectures  because  of  her  father’s  atheism. 

Oct.  18.— At  Leeds.  Liberal  party  convention ;  went  this  evening  to  hear 
John  Bright  remember  to  forget  to  mention  the  extension  of  suffrage  to 
women  in  1869  and  1870,  and  the  property  law  for  married  women  in  1882. 
He  did  not  meet  my  expectations  as  a  speaker,  but  far  surpasses  any  other 
Englishman  I  have  heard.  None  of  them  can  touch  Wendell  Phillips. 

Oct.  28.— Had  a  four  hours’  row  on  the  Thames  today  with  some  friends. 
This  evening  went  to  hear  Mrs.  Annie  Besant. 

Nov.  2.— Have  been  out  to  Basingstoke  to  see  the  new  baby.  Mrs.  Mona 
Caird  lunched  with  us.  Have  heard  Michael  Davitt,  Mr.  Fawcett  and  Helen 
Taylor,  all  masterly  speakers. 


London,  November  6. 


My  Dear  Sister . As  soon  as  I  finish  this  scribble  I  am  to  have 

5  o’clock  tea  with  Frances  Power  Cobbe.  Tomorrow  I  go  shopping,  Thursday 
Millicent  Garrett  Fawcett  is  to  dine  with  us,  and  Mrs.  Peter  Taylor  is  to  call 
here,  and  all  are  to  take  “substantial  tea”  with  dear,  noble  Mrs.  Lucas,  and 
then  go  to  hear  Henry  Fawcett  on  the  political  issues.  Friday  afternoon  we 
receive  at  Miss  Muller’s.  Saturday  morning  I  leave  for  Bristol  to  visit  Miss 
Mary  Estlin,  Mrs.  Tanner  and  the  Misses  Priestman,  three  sisters-in-law  of 
John  Bright,  who  give  a  reception  in  my  honor.  The  12th  I  visit  Margaret 
E.  Parker,  at  Warrington,  and  the  next  afternoon  Mrs.  Stanton  and  I  both 
go  to  Alderley  Edge,  near  Manchester,  to  the  home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jacob 
Bright.1  On  the  14th  we  attend  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Manchester 

’A  Pleasant  letter  was  received  afterwards  from  Mrs.  Bright,  in  which  she  made  this 
playful  reference  to  Miss  Anthony’s  always  depreciating  herself  in  favor  of  Mrs.  Stanton: 

W  e  have  thought  of  you  often  and  hoped  that  the  wind,  which  has  been  rough  here,  has 
been  tempered  on  the  Atlantic  for  your  sakes.  Apropos  of  the  very  beautiful  allusion  you 
made  to  Mrs.  Cady  Stanton’s  popularity  and  the  effect  produced  by  her  personal  appearance, 
I  must  tell  you  of  a  remark  made  by  my  little  son  John  immediately  after  your  departure! 
I  found  him  sitting  on  the  sofa  in  my  bedroom,  thinking  deeply.  ‘Mamma,’  he  said,  ‘I 
wish  you  could  get  me  a  photograph  of  Miss  Anthony.  I  think  she  has  such  a  fine  face 
There  is  something  about  it  so  firm  and  yet  so  kind.’  I  said,  ‘  Do  you  like  her  better  than 
Mrs.  Stanton?’  ‘Oh  dear,  yes,  much  better,’  replied  Johnnie.  So  you  see  she  does  not 


monopolize  all  the  admiration !  ” 
Ant. — 37 


578 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Women’s  Suffrage  Association,  and  on  the  16th  go  to  Liverpool  where  a  recep¬ 
tion  will  be  given  us  in  the  afternoon.  That  evening  we  shall  spend  at  our 


hotel  with  the  friends  who  go  to  see  us  off,  and  on  the  17th  we  give  ourselves 
to  old  ocean’s  care  in  the  Cunarder  Servia. 

Don’t  worry  now  if  you  do  not  hear  from  me  again  until  I  touch  Yankee 
soil ;  and  don’t  worry  if  the  wind  blows  or  if  you  learn  the  vessel  is  late  or 
lost.  If  the  Servia  fail  to  land  me  safe  and  sound,  don’t  repine  or  stop 
because  I  am  not,  but  buckle  on  a  new  and  stronger  harness  and  do  double 
work  for  the  good  cause  of  woman.  You  have  the  best  of  judgment  in  our 
work  and  are  capable  of  doing  much  if  only  you  had  confidence  in  yourself, 
so  whatever  comes  to  me,  do  you  be  all  the  more  for  the  less  that  I  am. 

Half  of  Miss  Anthony’s  nine-months’  trip  abroad  had  been 
spent  in  Great  Britain.  To  her  all  the  other  attractions  of  the 
old  world  were  as  nothing  compared  with  its  living,  breathing 
humanity.  On  the  continent  she  was  deprived  of  any  ex¬ 
change  of  thought  with  its  people  because  she  spoke  no  lan¬ 
guage  but  her  own,  and  this  made  her  prefer  England;  but 
there  was  another  and  a  stronger  interest — the  great  progres¬ 
sive  movement  which  was  going  forward  in  regard  to  woman. 
Here  she  found  women  of  fine  intellect  and  high  social  posi¬ 
tion  engaged  in  the  same  work  to  which  she  had  given  more 
than  thirty  years  of  her  own  life ;  and  here  she  met  sympathy 
and  recognition  which  would  have  been  impossible  in  any 
other  country  in  Europe.  Her  central  thought  in  going  to 
Great  Britain  had  been  to  secure  the  co-operation  of  English¬ 
women  in  holding  an  international  suffrage  convention.  At 
first  her  proposition  met  with  no  response.  The  most  radical 
of  English  women  were  conservative  compared  to  those  of 


miss  Anthony’s  European  letters. 


579 


America,  but  after  they  had  become  thoroughly  acquainted 
with  Mrs.  Stanton  and  herself  and  prejudice  had  been  sup¬ 
planted  by  confidence,  the  idea  began  to  be  more  favorably 
regarded.  One  serious  difficulty  in  the  way  of  the  proposed 
convention  lay  in  the  fact  that  the  suffrage  women  of  England 
and  Scotland  were  not  themselves  in  thorough  unison  as  to 
plans  and  purposes.  No  definite  action  was  taken  until  the 
last  afternoon  of  their  stay,  when,  at  the  reception  given  in 
their  honor  by  Dr.  Ewing  Whittle,  in  Liverpool,  with  the 
hearty  concurrence  of  Mrs.  McLaren,  Mrs.  Lucas,  Mrs.  Scatch- 
erd  and  Mrs.  Parker,  who  had  accompanied  Miss  Anthony 
and  Mrs.  Stanton  to  see  them  safely  on  board  their  vessel,  a 
strong  committee  was  formed  to  promote  international  organi¬ 
zation. 

They  sailed  from  Liverpool  on  the  Servia,  November  17, 
1883.  Among  their  fellow  voyagers  were  Mrs.  Cornelia  C. 
Hussey,  of  Orange,  N.  J.,  to  whom  the  cause  of  woman  suf¬ 
frage  and  Miss  Anthony  personally  are  deeply  indebted  ;  and 
Mrs.  Margaret  B.  Sullivan,  of  Chicago,  the  distinguished  edi¬ 
torial  writer.  There  was  some  lovely  weather,  which  was 
greatly  enjoyed,  but  heavy  fogs  impeded  the  ship  and  it  was 
just  ten  days  from  the  time  of  starting  when,  on  November  27, 
they  steamed  into  New  York  harbor  and  stepped  again  on  the 
shores  of  loved  America. 


CHAPTER  XXXIII. 


CONGRESSIONAL  HEARINGS - VISIT  TO  NEW  ORLEANS. 

1884-1885. 

OST  of  the  newspapers  had  a  welcome  for  Miss 
Anthony.  In  a  two-column  report  in  the  Roches¬ 
ter  Democrat  and  Chronicle  she  is  quoted  as  saying : 

“I  can  scarcely  tell  you  of  the  hospitality  extended,  the  din¬ 
ners,  teas  and  receptions  given  in  our  honor.  I  had  no  idea 
we  were  so  well-known  in  Great  Britain  or  that  there  was  such  cordial  feeling 
toward  us.  Of  course,  I  met  chiefly  those  known  as  Liberals  and  the  sympa¬ 
thizers  with  our  cause.  Public  sentiment  there  is  rapidly  growing  in  our 
favor.  In  the  discussion  I  heard  in  Parliament  not  a  Conservative  uttered  a 
word  against  the  suffrage  already  possessed  by  women  but  relied  upon  the 
hackneyed  argument  that  when  married  women  were  included  there  would 
be  trouble.” 

“  You  saw  the  Queen,  I  suppose  ?” 

“No;  I  thought  more  of  seeing  the  Bright  family  than  the  Queen  and  I 
never  happened  to  be  near  where  she  was.  I  really  had  very  little  leisure  to 
look  around.  I  am  ashamed  to  say  I  did  not  visit  Westminster  until  the 
morning  before  I  came  away,  but  it  was  simply  for  lack  of  time.  The  social 
idea  was  of  more  importance  to  me.” 

The  New  York  Evening  Telegram  said  editorially:  “  The 
statement  of  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony,  in  another  column,  illus¬ 
trates  the  superb  determination  of  that  champion  of  woman’s 
political  rights.  In  the  struggle  which  has  constituted  her 
life-work  she  has  the  rare  advantage  of  not  being  able  to  com¬ 
prehend  defeat.  Battling  under  the  inspiration  of  an  enthusi¬ 
ast — of  a  fanatic,  some  may  be  disposed  to  say — she  knows  no 
such  word  as  fail.  The  most  disheartening  reverses  appear  to 
liei  inspired  imagination  but  steps  in  an  undeviating  march  of 
progiess.  It  was  enthusiasm  such  as  this  that  made  the  career 

(581) 


582 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


of  Joan  of  Arc.  Without  it,  not  even  the  broad  intellect  and 
strong  soul  of  Miss  Anthony  could  sustain  the  burden  of  the 
struggle  which  she  is  called  upon  to  lead.”  The  Washington 
correspondent  of  the  Cleveland  Leader  thus  began  a  long  in¬ 
terview  : 

Susan  B.  Anthony  is  back  from  Europe,  and  is  here  for  the  winter’s  fight 
in  behalf  of  woman  suffrage.  She  seems  remarkably  well,  and  has  gained 
fifteen  pounds  since  she  left  last  spring.  She  is  sixty-three,  but  looks 
just  the  same  as  twenty  years  ago.  There  is  perhaps  an  extra  wrinkle  in  her 
face,  a  little  more  silver  in  her  hair,  but  her  blue  eyes  are  just  as  bright,  her 
mouth  as  serious  and  her  step  as  active  as  when  she  was  forty.  She  would 
attract  attention  in  any  crowd.  She  is  of  medium  height  and  medium  form 
but  her  face  is  wonderfully  intellectual,  and  she  moves  about  like  the  woman 
of  a  purpose  that  she  is.  She  says  she  experiences  far  different  treatment 
by  public  men  now  from  what  she  did  years  ago.  The  statesman  of  the 
past  always  came  to  her  with  a  smirk  on  his  face  as  though  he  considered 
woman’s  rights  nonsensical  and  thought  himself  wonderfully  condescending 
to  take  notice  of  her  at  all.  “  Now,”  says  she,  “public  men  look  upon  our 
mission  as  a  matter  of  business,  and  we  are  considered  from  that  standpoint.” 

The  interview  closed  : 

“  One  question  more,  Miss  Anthony.  Will  you  please  tell  me  what  is  your 
highest  ideal  of  the  woman  of  the  future  ?” 

“  It  is  hard  to  say,”  was  the  reply.  “  The  woman  of  the  future  will  far  sur¬ 
pass  the  one  of  the  present,  even  as  the  man  of  the  future  will  surpass  the 
one  of  today.  The  ages  are  progressive,  and  I  look  for  a  far  higher  manhood 
and  wromanhood  than  we  now  have.  I  think  this  will  come  through  making 
the  sexes  co-equal.  When  women  associate  with  men  in  serious  matters,  as 
they  do  now  in  frivolous,  both  will  grow  stronger  and  the  world’s  work  will 
be  better  done.  I  look  for  the  day  when  the  woman  who  has  a  political 
or  judicial  brain  will  have  as  much  right  to  sit  in  the  Senate  or  on  the  Su¬ 
preme  Bench  as  men  have;  when  women  will  have  equal  property,  business 
and  political  rights  with  men ;  when  the  only  criterion  of  excellence  or  po¬ 
sition  shall  be  the  ability  and  character  of  the  individual ;  and  this  time  will 
come.  All  of  the  Western  colleges  are  now  open  to  women,  and  send  forth 
more  than  2,000  women  graduates  every  year.  Think  of  the  effect  upon  the 
race  to  come !  The  woman  of  the  future  will  be  a  better  wife,  mother  and 
citizen  than  the  woman  of  today.” 

There  were,  however,  some  discordant  notes  in  the  sym¬ 
phony  of  pleasant  things  which  by  1883  had  become  customary 
in  the  newspapers.  For  instance,  the  Cincinnati  Times-Star 
headed  its  interview:  “  Susan  Speaks — Miss  Anthony  Cor- 


CONGRESSIONAL  HEARINGS - VISIT  TO  NEW  ORLEANS.  583 

railed  by  a  Times-Star  Correspondent — The  Old  Lady  Wears 
Good  Clothes  and  Stops  at  First-class  Hotels — Bubbling  about 
the  Ballot.'’  The  smart  reporter  described  the  size  of  her  foot, 
devoted  a  paragraph  to  the  question  whether  her  teeth  were 
natural  or  artificial,  and  said  :  ‘  ‘  There  must  be  money  in  being  a 
reformer,  for  Miss  Anthony  lives  at  the  Riggs  House  in  good 
style,  and  expects  to  be  there  all  winter,  and  this,  after  a  sum¬ 
mer  in  Europe,  would  be  a  pretty  severe  drain  on  any  but  a 
long  purse.”  When  one  thinks  of  Miss  Anthony’s  uniform 
kindness  and  courtesy  to  reporters,  always  granting  an  inter¬ 
view  no  matter  how  tired  or  how  busy  she  might  be,  and  assist¬ 
ing  them  in  every  possible  way  with  information  and  sugges¬ 
tions,  it  is  astonishing  that  any  one  of  them  could  indulge 
in  petty,  personal  criticism  and  innuendoes. 

Miss  Anthony  had  now  another  friend  at  court,  Col.  Halbert 
S.  Greenleaf,  of  Rochester,  having  been  elected  to  Congress. 
Both  he  and  his  wife  were  strong  and  influential  advocates  of 
suffrage,  and  her  warm  personal  friends.  The  diary  shows 
that  every  day  of  December  she  was  conferring  with  officials 
and  their  wives  who  were  friendly  to  the  cause,  making  con¬ 
verts  wherever  possible  and  co-operating  actively  with  the 
District  committee  in  all  the  drudgery  of  detail  necessary  to  a 
successful  convention.  It  is  only  by  reading  her  diary  that 
one  can  understand  what .  a  mental  agony  it  was  for  Miss 
Anthony  to  press  this  matter  upon  congressmen,  year  after 
year,  to  be  repulsed  by  those  who  were  opposed  and  onlv  toler¬ 
ated  by  those  in  favor,  who  had  many  other  matters  on  hand 
which  to  them  seemed  of  much  greater  importance.  “Oh,  if 
men  only  could  know  how  hard  it  is  for  women  to  be  forever 
snubbed  when  they  attempt  to  plead  for  their  rights  !  It  is 
perfectly  disheartening  that  no  member  feels  any  especial  in¬ 
terest  or  earnest  determination  in  pushing  this  question  of 
woman  suffrage,  to  all  men  only  a  side  issue,”  she  writes  in 
this  little  confidant  ;  but  not  even  in  her  letters  is  there  ever  a 
note  of  discouragement.  To  the  world  at  large  and  to  those 
who  were  associated  with  her,  she  was  always  brave,  bright 
and  hopeful.  It  causes  a  keen  heartache  to  reflect  upon  how 


584 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


she  crucified  herself  for  fifty  years,  unfaltering  and  uncom¬ 
plaining,  in  order  to  make  conditions  better  for  womankind. 

To  Hon.  William  D.  Kelley,  of  Pennsylvania,  who  believed 
in  woman  suffrage  and  voted  for  it,  but  did  not  feel  enough 
interest  to  push  the  matter  in  Congress,  she  wrote,  January  6, 
1884: 

No  one  shrinks  more  from  making  herself  obnoxious  than  I  do,  and  but  for 
the  sake  of  all  women,  your  darling  Florence  included,  I  should  never  again 
say  a  word  to  you  on  the  subject  of  using  your  influence  to  secure  the  passage 
of  a  Sixteenth  Amendment  proposition.  Last  winter  you  put  off  my  appeal 
for  help  with,  “This  is  the  short  session  and  the  tariff  question  is  of  moment¬ 
ous  importance.”  Now,  since  this  is  the  “  long  session,”  will  you  not  take  hold 
of  this  work,  and  with  the  same  earnestness  that  you  do  other  questions  ? 

It  is  cruel  for  you  to  leave  your  daughter,  so  full  of  hope  and  resolve,  to 
suffer  the  humiliations  of  disfranchisement  she  already  feels  so  keenly,  and 
which  she  will  find  more  and  more  galling  as  she  grows  into  the  stronger  and 
grander  woman  she  is  sure  to  be.  If  it  were  your  son  who  for  any  cause  was 
denied  his  right  to  have  his  opinion  counted,  you  would  compass  sea  and  land 
to  lift  the  ban  from  him.  And  yet  the  crime  of  denial  in  his  case  would  be 
no  greater  than  in  that  of  your  daughter.  It  is  only  because  men  are  so 
accustomed  to  the  ignoring  of  woman’s  opinions,  that  they  do  not  believe 
women  suffer  from  the  injustice  as  would  men ;  precisely  as  people  used  to 
scout  the  idea  that  negroes,  whose  parents  before  them  always  had  been 
enslaved,  suffered  from  that  cruel  bondage  as  white  men  would. 

Now,  will  you  not  set  about  in  good  earnest  to  secure  the  enfranchisement 
of  woman?  Why  do  not  the  Republicans  push  this  question  ?  The  vote  on 
Keifer’s  resolution  showed  almost  a  party  line.  Of  the  124  nays,  only  4  were 
Republicans;  while  of  the  85  yeas,  only  13  were  Democrats.  Even  should 
you  fail  to  get  another  committee,  the  discussion  and  the  vote  wTould  array 
the  members  and  set  each  man  and  party  in  their  true  places  to  be  seen  of  all 
men,  and  all  women  too. 

The  term  of  the  select  committee  on  woman  suffrage  having 
expired  with  the  close  of  the  Forty-seventh  Congress,  a  new 
one  was  appointed  by  the  Senate  of  the  Forty-eighth.  The 
House  committee  on  rules  refused  to  report  such  a  committee 
but  placed  the  question  in  the  hands  of  Representative  Warren 
Keifer,  of  Ohio,  who  made  a  gallant  fight  for  it  on  the  floor,  dur¬ 
ing  which  he  said  :  “Is  not  the  right  of  petition  a  constitutional 
right?  Has  not  woman,  in  this  country  at  least,  risen  above 
the  rim  and  horizon  of  servitude,  discredit  and  disgrace,  and 
has  she  not  a  right,  representing  as  she  does  in  many  instances 


CONGRESSIONAL  HEARINGS - VISIT  TO  NEW  ORLEANS.  585 

great  questions  of  property,  to  present  her  appeals  to  this  na¬ 
tional  council  and  have  them  wisely  and  judiciously  consid¬ 
ered  ?  I  think  it  is  due  to  our  wives,  daughters,  mothers  and 
sisters  to  afford  them  an  avenue  through  which  they  can  legit¬ 
imately  and  judicially  reach  the  ear  of  this  great  nation.  ” 

He  was  ably  assisted  by  Mr.  Belford,  of  Colorado.  The 
measure  to  appoint  this  committee  was  bitterly  opposed  by  Mr. 
Reagan,  of  Texas,  who  said  in  a  long  speech  :  ‘'When  woman 
so  far  misunderstands  her  duty  as  to  want  to  go  to  working  on 
the  roads  and  making  rails  and  serving  in  the  militia  and  go¬ 
ing  into  the  army,  I  want  to  protect  her  against  it.’ ’  The 
vote  resulted — yeas,  85,  nays,  124 ;  absent  or  not  voting, 
112. 

Immediately  after  the  return  of  members  from  the  holiday 
recess,  Miss  Anthony  wrote  to  each  of  the  112  asking  how  he 
would  vote  if  the  question  came  up  again.  To  these  letters  52 
replies  were  received,  26  from  Republicans,  all  of  whom  would 
vote  yes ;  26  from  Democrats,  10  of  whom  would  vote  yes, 
10,  no  ;  while  6  did  not  know  how  they  would  vote.  As  these 
36  affirmative  votes  added  to  the  85  yeas  would  so  nearly  have 
overcome  the  adverse  majority,  John  D.  White,  of  Kentucky, 
at  the  solicitation  of  Miss  Anthony,  made  another  earnest  effort 
in  February  to  secure  the  desired  committee,  but  the  Democrats 
refused  to  allow  the  question  to  come  to  a  vote.  She  was 
greatly  disappointed  at  the  failure  to  get  the  select  committee, 
but  afterwards  became  of  the  opinion  that  it  was  more  advan¬ 
tageous  to  return  to  the  old  plan  of  working  through  the  judi¬ 
ciary  committee. 

Miss  Anthony  had  to  be  continually  on  the  alert  to  head  off 
zealous  but  injudicious  women  who  were  determined  to  com¬ 
mit  the  suffrage  movement  to  the  various  ologies  and  isms  of 
the  day,  and  especially  to  personal  matters.  Even  a  woman  so 
intellectually  great  as  Mrs.  Stanton  could  not  be  relied  upon 
always  to  make  her  individual  opinions  subserve  what  was 
demanded  of  her  position  as  president  of  the  National  Asso¬ 
ciation.  In  January  Miss  Anthony  received  a  document  which 
Mrs.  Stanton  had  prepared  as  an  “open  letter,”  to  be  signed 


586 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


by  both  of  them  officially  and  given  to  the  press,  congratulat¬ 
ing  Frederick  Douglass  upon  his  marriage  to  a  white  woman 
and  sympathizing  with  him  because  of  the  adverse  criticism  it 
had  called  out  !  She  especially  urged  that  he  be  given  a 
prominent  place  on  the  program  at  the  approaching  conven¬ 
tion.  Miss  Anthony  replied  at  once  : 

I  do  hope  you  won’t  put  your  foot  into  the  question  of  intermarriage  of 
the  races.  It  has  no  place  on  our  platform,  any  more  than  the  question  of  no 
marriage  at  all,  or  of  polygamy,  and,  so  far  as  I  can  prevent  it,  shall  not 
be  brought  there.  I  beg  you  therefore  not  to  congratulate  him  publicly. 
Were  there  a  proposition  to  punish  the  woman  and  leave  the  man  to  go  scot 
free,  then  we  should  have  a  protest  to  make  against  the  invidious  discrimina¬ 
tion. 

The  question  of  the  amalgamation  of  the  different  races  is  a  scientific  one, 
affecting  women  and  men  alike.  I  do  not  propose  to  have  it  discussed  on 
our  platform.  Our  intention  at  this  convention  is  to  make  every  one  who 
hears  or  reads  believe  in  the  grand  principle  of  equality  of  rights  and 
chances  for  women,  and  if  they  see  on  our  program  the  name  of  Douglass 
every  thought  will  be  turned  toward  the  subject  of  amalgamation  and  away 
from  that  of  woman  and  her  disfranchised.  Neither  you  nor  I  have  the  right 
thus  to  complicate  or  compromise  our  question,  and  if  we  take  the  bits  in  our 
teeth  in  one  direction  we  must  expect  our  compeers  to  do  the  same  in  others. 
You  very  well  know  that  if  you  plunge  in,  as  your  letter  proposes,  your  en¬ 
dorsement  will  be  charged  upon  me  and  the  whole  association.  Do  not 
throw  around  that  marriage  the  halo  of  a  pure  and  lofty  duty  to  break  down 
race  lines.  Your  sympathy  has  run  away  with  your  judgment.  Lovingly  and 
fearfully  yours. 


It  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that  the  “  open  letter  ”  was  not 
published. 

Everybody’s  burdens  were  laid  upon  Miss  Anthony’s  shoul¬ 
ders.  In  looking  over  the  mass  of  correspondence  it  seems 
as  if  each  writer  wanted  something  and  looked  to  her  to  sup¬ 
ply  it.  All  expected  her  to  take  the  lead,  to  do  the  planning, 
to  bear  the  responsibility,  and  usually  she  was  equal  to  the 
demand,  but  even  her  brave  spirit  could  not  resist  an  occasional 
groan  on  the  pages  of  the  diary.  When  a  new  accession  to  the 
ranks,  from  whom  she  expected  great  assistance,  wrote,  “  I 
do  not  know  how  to  plan  but  tell  me  what  to  do  and  I  will 
obey,”  she  says,  “My  heart  sinks  within  me  ;  so  few  seem  to 
use  their  brain-power  on  ways  and  means.”  And  again  : 


CONGRESSIONAL  HEARINGS - VISIT  TO  NEW  ORLEANS.  587 

“This  drain  of  helpless  women,  able  and  willing  to  work  but 
utterly  ignorant  of  how  to  do  it,  wears  me  out  body  and  soul.” 
She  was  greatly  distressed  because  so  many  of  the  younger 
women  were  frequently  incapacitated  by  illness,  and  writes  : 
“0,  the  weak-bodied  girls  of  the  present  generation,  they  make 
me  heart-sick  !  ” 

But  never  did  the  women  themselves  know  of  these  feelings. 
To  the  younger  ones  she  wrote  :  “  Don’t  give  up  ‘  beat  ’  at  any 
of  those  places  till  I  have  dropped  my  plummet  into  them.  .  .  . 
Your  young  shoulders  will  have  to  learn  to  bear  the  crotchets 
of  all  sorts  of  people  and  not  bend  or  break  under  them.  .  .  . 
Put  all  the  blame  on  me  ;  they  may  abuse  me  but  not  you. 
....  It  makes  my  heart  ache  every  minute  to  see  you  so 
tired.  .  .  .  Vent  all  your  ill-feelings  on  me  but  keep  sweet 
as  June  roses  to  everybody  else.  It  does  not  pay  to  lose  your 
temper.  .  .  .  You  will  have  to  learn  to  let  people  pile  injustice 
on  you  and  then  trust  to  time  to  right  it  all.”  If  on  rare  occa¬ 
sions  she  spoke  a  word  of  censure,  it  was  followed  by  a  letter 
in  the  next  mail,  full  of  sorrow  and  repentance.  She  always 
signed  herself,  even  in  the  darkest  hours,  “Yours  with  love 
and  hope.”  Beautiful  optimism,  sublime  courage  ! 

Sunday,  February  3,  1884,  Miss  Anthony  read  in  the  morn¬ 
ing  papers  of  the  sudden  death  of  Wendell  Phillips.  He  had 
been  to  her  always  the  one  being  without  a  peer,  the  purest, 
sweetest,  best  of  men.  The  news  overwhelmed  her  with  grief 
and  she  wrote  at  once  to  Robert  Purvis  : 

How  cut  down  I  am  at  the  telegram,  “  Wendell  Phillips  is  dead,”  and  I 
know  you  are  equally  so.  I  hope  you  can  go  on  to  Boston  to  the  funeral,  and 
help  tenderly  to  lay  away  that  most  precious  human  clay.  Who  shall  say  the 
fitting  word  for  Wendell  Phillips  at  this  last  hour  as  lovingly  and  beautifully 
as  he  has  done  so  many,  many  times  for  the  grand  men  and  women  who  have 
gone  before  him  ?  There  seem  none  left  but  you  and  Parker  Pillsbury  to  pour 
out  your  souls’  dearest  love  in  his  memory.  Would  that  I  had  the  tongue  of 
an  angel  and  could  go  and  bear  my  testimony  to  the  grandeur  of  that  noblest 
of  God’s  works  !  I  can  think  of  no  one  who  can  rightly  and  fully  estimate 
that  glorious  character.  What  a  sad  hour  for  his  beloved  wife !  He  said  to 
me  on  my  last  visit:  “  My  one  wish  has  come  to  be  that  I  may  live  to  bury 
Ann.”  He  doubtless  knew  of  his  impending  disease  of  the  heart.  On  whose 
shoulders  will  fall  the  mantle  of  Wendell  Phillips  ?  When  will  the  children 


688 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


of  men  ever  listen  to  such  a  matchless  voice  ?  How  poor  t  he  world  seems! 
In  sorrow  I  am  with  you. 

She  could  not  stay  away  and,  inclement  as  was  the  weather, 
went  to  Boston  three  days  later  to  look  for  the  last  time  upon 
the  loved  face. 

At  the  request  of  many  ladies  in  Washington  the  National 
Convention  was  held  in  March,  instead  of  earlier  in  the  win¬ 
ter,  to  avoid  the  social  distractions  which  always  precede  the 
Lenten  season.  The  ladies  were  pleasantly  received  by  Presi¬ 
dent  Arthur.1  This  was  an  exceptionally  brilliant  convention, 
a  noteworthy  feature  being  the  large  number  of  letters  contain¬ 
ing  the  greetings  of  the  distinguished  men  and  women  of  Great 
Britain,  whom  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Stanton  had  met  and 
interested  during  their  trip  abroad.  The  following  was  read 
from  Matthew  Simpson,  senior  bishop  in  the  Methodist  church, 
among  his  last  public  utterances,  as  he  died  a  few  months 
later  : 

For  more  than  thirty  years  I  have  been  in  favor  of  suffrage  for  woman.  I 
was  led  to  this  position,  not  by  the  consideration  of  the  question  of  natural 
rights  or  of  alleged  injustice  or  of  inequality  before  the  law,  but  by  what  I  be¬ 
lieved  would  be  her  influence  on  the  great  moral  questions  of  the  day.  Were 
the  ballot  in  the  hands  of  women,  I  am  satisfied  that  the  evils  of  intemperance 
■would  be  greatly  lessened;  and  I  fear,  without  that  ballot,  we  shall  not  suc¬ 
ceed  against  the  saloons  and  kindred  evils  in  large  cities.  You  will  doubtless 
have  many  obstacles  placed  in  your  way ;  there  will  be  many  conflicts  to  sus¬ 
tain;  but  I  have  no  doubt  that  the  coming  years  will  see  the  triumph  of  your 
cause,  and  that  our  higher  civilization 
and  morality  will  rejoice  in  the  work 
which  enlightened  women  will  ac¬ 
complish.2 

Both  Senate  and  House  committees  granted  hearings,  and 
eloquent  addresses  were  made  by  delegates  from  many  States. 
Miss  Anthony  said  in  part : 

This  is  the  fifteenth  year  we  have  appeared  before  Congress  in  person,  and 
the  nineteenth  by  petitions,  asking  national  protection  for  women  in  the  ex- 

'An  official  request  was  sent  to  the  heads  of  the  departments  to  permit  the  women  em¬ 
ployes  to  attend  one  session  of  this  convention  but  it  was  refused.  A  few  days  later  per¬ 
mission  was  given  them  to  go  to  Mrs.  McElroy’s  reception  at  the  White  House,  and  the 
male  employes  were  given  a  half -holiday  to  attend  the  exercises  on  St.  Patrick’s  Day. 

’The  Methodist  bishops  Bowman,  Warren,  Newman,  Haven,  Turner  and  Walters  have 
favored  woman  suffrage. 


CONGRESSIONAL  HEARINGS - VISIT  TO  NEW  ORLEANS.  589 


ercise  of  their  right  to  vote.  In  the  winter  of  1865  and  1866  we  sent  your 
honorable  body  a  ten-thousand  prayer,  asking  you  not  to  put  “  male  ”  in  the 
second  section  of  the  proposed  Fourteenth  Amendment;  and  again  we  ap¬ 
pealed  to  you  by  thousands  of  petitions  that  you  would  add  “sex”  after 
“  race  or  color  ”  in  the  Fifteenth,  but  all  to  no  avail.  Then  by  an  eighty-thou¬ 
sand  petition  in  1871  we  demanded  the  enactment  of  a  declaratory  law  that 
women  had  the  right  to  vote  under  the  first  section  of  the  Fourteenth  Amend¬ 
ment.  This,  too,  was  denied  us,  not  only  by  Congress  but  by  the  Supreme 
Court,  which  held  that  the  framers  of  the  amendment  had  only  “colored 
men  ”  in  their  thought,  therefore  none  others  could  come  within  its  purview. 
From  1876  to  the  present  we  have  from  year  to  year  poured  into  Congress 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  petitions  asking  you  to  take  the  initiative  step  for 
another  amendment  which  shall  specifically  prohibit  the  disfranchisement  of 
women. 

But,  you  say,  why  do  you  not  go  to  your  several  States  to  secure  this  right? 
I  answer,  because  we  have  neither  the  women  nor  the  money  to  make  the 
canvasses  of  the  thirty-eight  States,  school  district  by  school  district,  to  edu¬ 
cate  each  individual  man  out  of  the  old  belief  that  woman  was  created  to  be 
his  subject.  Four  State  legislatures  submitted  the  question  of  striking  “  male  ” 
from  their  constitutions -Kansas,  Michigan,  Colorado  and  Nebraska — and 
we  made  the  best  canvass  of  each  which  was  possible  for  a  disfranchised  class 
outside  of  all  political  help.  Negro  suffrage  was  again  and  again  overwhelm¬ 
ingly  voted  down  in  various  States ;  and  you  know,  gentlemen,  that  if  the 
negro  had  never  had  the  ballot  until  the  majority  of  white  men,  particularly 
the  foreign  born,  had  voted  “yes,”  he  would  have  gone  without  it  until  the 
crack  of  doom.  It  was  because  of  this  prejudice  of  the  unthinking  majority 
that  Congress  submitted  the  question  of  the  negro’s  enfranchisement  to  the 
legislatures  of  the  several  States,  to  be  adjudicated  by  the  educated,  broadened 
representatives  of  the  people.  We  now  appeal  to  you  to  lift  the  decision  of 
our  question  from  the  vote  of  the  populace  to  that  of  the  legislatures,  that 
thereby  you  may  be  as  considerate  and  just  to  the  women  of  this  nation  as 
you  were  to  the  freedmen. 

Every  new  privilege  granted  to  woman  has  been  by  the  legislatures.  The 
liberal  laws  for  married  women,  the  right  of  the  wife  to  own  and  control  her 
inherited  property  and  separate  earnings,  the  right  of  women  to  vote  at 
school  elections  in  a  dozen  States,  full  suffrage  in  two  Territories,  all  have 
been  gained  through  the  legislatures.  Had  any  one  of  these  beneficent  prop¬ 
ositions  been  submitted  to  the  vote  of  the  rank  and  file  do  you  believe  a 
majority  would  have  placed  their  sanction  upon  it?  I  do  not;  and  I  beg  you, 
Mr.  Chairman  and  gentlemen  of  the  committee,  that  you  will  at  once  recom¬ 
mend  to  the  House  the  submission  of  the  proposition  now  before  you,  and 
thus  place  the  decision  of  this  great  constitutional  question  of  the  right  of 
one-half  the  people  of  this  republic  to  a  voice  in  the  government,  with  the 
legislatures  of  the  several  States.  You  need  not  fear  that  our  enfranchise¬ 
ment  will  come  too  suddenly  or  too  soon  by  this  method.  After  the  proposi¬ 
tion  shall  have  passed  Congress  by  the  requisite  two-thirds  vote,  it  may 
require  five,  ten  or  twenty  years  to  secure  its  ratification  by  the  necessary 


590 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


three-fourths  of  the  State  legislatures ;  but,  once  submitted  by  Congress ,  it  al¬ 
ways  will  stand  until  ratified  by  the  States. 

It  takes  all  too  many  of  us  women  from  our  homes  and  from  the  works  of 
charity  and  education  in  our  respective  localities,  even  to  come  to  Washing¬ 
ton,  session  after  session,  until  Congress  shall  have  submitted  the  proposition, 
and  then  to  go  from  legislature  to  legislature,  urging  its  adoption.  But  when 
you  insist  that  we  shall  beg  at  the  feet  of  each  individual  voter  of  every  one 
of  the  States,  native  and  foreign,  black  and  white,  learned  and  ignorant,  you 
doom  us  to  incalculable  hardships  and  sacrifices,  and  to  most  exasperating 
insults  and  humiliations.  I  pray  you  to  save  us  from  the  fate  of  waiting  and 
working  for  our  freedom  until  we  shall  have  educated  the  ignorant  masses  of 
men  to  consent  to  give  their  wives  and  sisters  equality  of  rights  with  them¬ 
selves.  You  surely  will  not  compel  us  to  await  the  enlightenment  of  all  the 
freedmen  of  this  nation  and  the  newly-made  voters  from  the  monarchial  gov¬ 
ernments  of  the  old  world ! 

Liberty  for  one’s  self  is  a  natural  instinct  possessed  alike  by  all  men,  but  to 
be  willing  to  accord  liberty  to  another  is  the  result  of  education,  of  self-disci¬ 
pline,  of  the  practice  of  the  golden  rule.  Therefore  we  ask  that  the  question 
of  equality  of  rights  to  women  shall  be  decided  by  the  picked  men  of  the 
nation  in  Congress,  and  the  picked  men  of  the  several  States  in  their  respec¬ 
tive  legislatures. 

The  Senate  committee  again  submitted  a  majority  report  in 
favor  of  a  Sixteenth  Amendment  enfranchising  women,  signed 
by  T,  W.  Palmer,  Blair,  Lapham  and  Anthony.  The  minor¬ 
ity  report,  by  Joseph  E.  Brown,  Cockrell  and  Fair,  began  : 
“The  undersigned  believe  that  the  Creator  intended  that  the 
sphere  of  the  males  and  females  of  our  race  should  be  differ¬ 
ent/’  etc. 

The  House  Judiciary  Committee  gave  a  majority  report  in 
the  negative.1  The  minority  report  in  favor  was  signed  by 
Thomas  B.  Reed,  Maine;  Ezra  B.  Taylor,  Ohio;  Thomas  M. 
Browne,  Indiana ;  Moses  A.  McCoid,  Iowa.  It  is  one  of  the 
keenest,  clearest  expositions  of  the  absurdity  of  the  objections 
against  woman  suffrage  that  ever  has  been  made,  and  ends 
with  this  trenchant  paragraph  : 

It  is  sometimes  asserted  that  women  now  have  a  great  influence  in  politics 
through  their  husbands  and  brothers.  That  is  undoubtedly  true.  But  this  is 
just  the  kind  of  influence  which  is  not  wholesome  for  the  community,  for  it  is 
influence  unaccompanied  by  responsibility.  People  are  always  ready  to 

1  Signed  by  Maybury,  Michigan;  Poland,  Vermont;  Tucker,  Virginia;  Hammond,  Geor¬ 
gia;  Culbertson,  Texas ;  Moulton,  Illinois;  Broadhead,  Missouri;  Dorsheimer,  New  York; 
Collins,  Massachusetts ;  Seney,  Ohio ;  Bisbee,  Florida. 


CONGRESSIONAL  HEARINGS - VISIT  TO  NEW  ORLEANS.  591 

recommend  to  others  what  they  would  not  do  themselves.  If  it  be  true  that 
women  can  not  be  prevented  from  exercising  political  influence,  is  not  that 
only  another  reason  why  they  should  be  steadied  in  their  political  action  by 
that  proper  sense  of  responsibility  which  comes  from  acting  themselves  ?  We 
conclude  then,  that  every  reason  which  in  this  country  bestows  the  ballot 
upon  man  is  equally  applicable  to  the  proposition  to  bestow  the  ballot  upon 
woman,  and  in  our  judgment  there  is  no  foundation  for  the  fear  that  woman 
will  thereby  become  unfitted  for  all  the  duties  she  has  hitherto  performed. 

Miss  Anthony  mailed  500  packages  of  copies  of  this  report 
to  different  points  for  distribution.  Upon  the  urgent  invita¬ 
tion  of  the  suffrage  association  of  Connecticut  she  went  there 
for  a  few  days  to  assist  at  their  State  convention,  but  in  a  let¬ 
ter  to  Mrs.  Spofford  she  said:  “I  shall  return  tomorrow 
night,  if  possible.  I  keep  thinking  of  those  men  at  the  Capi¬ 
tol  not  doing  what  I  want  them  to.”  She  afterwards  wrote  to 
May  Wright  Sewall : 

My  plan  is  to  get  away  from  here  the  minute  I  can  do  so  without  letting 
our  work  suffer  in  Congress.  A  week  ago  the  House  Judiciary  Committee 
voted  down  a  motion  to  print  our  “hearing’’  speeches.  Yesterday  I  went  up 
and  called  out  a  Democrat  wdio  I  knew  had  voted  “no,”  and  hence  could 
move  to  reconsider,  and  he  promised  to  go  back  and  thus  move,  and  did  so, 
and  Mr.  Browne,  of  Indiana,  asked  leave  of  the  House  to  print  them.  I  wish 
you  would  write  to  Mr.  Browne  that  he  is  splendid  and  our  main  help  now 
in  the  committee.  Cockrell  has  been  trying  to  prevent  printing  the  Senate 
“hearing,”  but  Blair,  Lapham,  Palmer  and  Anthony  are  bound  it  shall  be 
printed.  Still,  all  would  fall  flat  and  dead  if  some  one  were  not  here  to  keep 
them  in  mind  of  their  duty  to  us. 


Miss  Anthony  remained  in  Washington  till  April  14,  man¬ 
aging  her  forces  like  an  experienced  general  until  the  last  gun 
had  been  fired.  When  she  returned  home  ready  to  begin 
work  on  the  History,  she  found  to  her  amazement  that  the 


592  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

officer  who  had  been  charged  with  preparing  the  report  of  the 
Sixteenth  National  Suffrage  Convention,  a  woman  of  great 
literary  ability,  had  given  it  up  in  despair,  declaring  that  it 
would  be  utterly  impossible  to  make  anything  creditable  out 
of  such  a  mass  of  unsatisfactory  material,  most  of  which  would 
have  to  be  entirely  re-written.  Miss  Anthony  did  not  stop  to 
sit  down  and  weep,  but  wrote  her  at  once  to  send  to  Rochester 
every  document  she  had  in  her  possession.  Then,  taking  all 
of  them  to  Mrs.  Stanton,  who  had  gone  to  her  old  paternal 
home  at  Johnstown,  they  arranged,  edited,  re-wrote  and  put 
into  shape  the  conglomerate  of  letters,  speeches,  etc.,  and  in 
less  than  two  weeks  prepared  and  sent  to  the  printer  the  most 
complete  report  ever  made  of  a  National  convention.1 

The  middle  of  May,  after  two  years’  interruption,  Miss 
Anthony  and  Mrs.  Stanton  set  themselves  diligently  to  finish 
the  third  volume  of  the  History  of  Woman  Suffrage,  all  the 
boxes  and  trunks  of  material  having  been  shipped  from  Tena- 
fly.  Although  submerged  in  the  avalanche  of  old  documents, 
Miss  Anthony’s  mind  was  full  of  current  events.  She 
writes  in  her  journal  June  2  :  “  I  wait  with  bated  breath  the 

news  from  Oregon,  where  today  the  men  are  voting  on  the 
question  of  woman’s  enfranchisement.  My  heart  almost 
stands  stills.  I  hope  against  hope,  but  still  I  hope.”  When 
the  news  of  the  defeat  comes,  she  says  :  “  Dear  Mrs.  Duni- 

way,  with  all  that  debt  left  on  her  shoulders,  which  she 
assumed  to  carry  on  the  campaign  !  I  felt  so  agonized  for  her 
that  on  the  very  day  of  election  I  rushed  to  the  bank  and 
sent  her  $100.  We  must  not  leave  her  to  carry  it  alone,  after 
all  her  brave  work.  I  have  written  a  dozen  letters  to  friends 
asking  them  to  give  her  assistance.  I  feel  like  a  lion  champ¬ 
ing  the  bars  of  his  cage,  shut  up  here  digging  and  delving 
among  the  records  of  the  past  when  I  long  to  be  out  doing  the 

1  Miss  Anthony’s  letters  show  how  desirous  she  was  that  everybody  who  assisted  at  these 
conventions  should  have  full  measure  of  credit:  “They  are  earnest  and  anxious  to  do  for 
woman’s  cause  and  I  want  them  treated  fairly  and  leniently  as  to  all  mistakes.”  Again  she 
writes :  “  Since  Oregon  was  never  before  represented  in  our  conventions,  her  speakers  must 
have  more  room  in  the  report  than  we  old  stagers.” 


CONGRESSIONAL  HEARINGS - VISIT  TO  NEW  ORLEANS.  593 


work  of  the  present.”  In  a  letter  received  from  Senator 
Palmer  at  this  time  he  says  : 

I  fully  sympathize  with  your  regret  and  chagrin  over  the  reverse  in  Oregon 
but  hardly  with  your  conclusion,  viz.,  that  “the  women  should  stop  asking 

legislatures  to  submit  this  question  to  the  elect- 
01  s,  to  have  it  killed  by  the  majority,  made  up  of 
ignorance  and  whiskey,  native  and  foreign,  and 
all  go  to  Congress  for  success,”  etc.  It  seems  to 
me  that  nothing  is  to  be  lost  and  much  to  be 
gained  by  local  discussions  and  temporary  defeats. 
You  know  in  1850  Webster,  in  his  unfortunate 
Iteveie  House  speech,  stigmatized  the  anti-slavery 
movement  as  “a  rub-a-dub  agitation,”  and  Wen¬ 
dell  Phillips  closed  his  masterly  philippic  thereon 
with  what  was  accepted  as  a  motto:  Agitate! 
Agitate!!  Agitate!!!  Another  decade  of  that 
rub-a-dub  agitation  sufficed  to  divide  the  continent 
in  a  political  earthquake  and  from  out  the  chasm 
the  negro  emerged  to  citizenship.  It  may  still 
requiie  years  to  educate  a  majority  of  our  women 
to  demand  the  franchise  and  a  majority  of  our 
men  or  their  representatives  in  Congress  and  the 
legislatures,  to  proclaim  it,  but  that  the  way  leads 
through  constant  agitation  I  make  no  doubt.  The 
still  pool  casts  nothing  to  shore. 

She  watches  events  across  the  water 
and  writes  on  July  7:  Well,  the  House 
of  Lords  is  today  discussing  whether 
2,000,000  farm  laborers  shall  have  the 
ballot  plac.ed  in  their  hands,  while  the 
half-million,  more  or  less,  women  who 
employ  them  are  left  without  it.  What 
an  outrage  that  Mr.  Gladstone  refused 
to  allow  Mr.  Woodall  ’s  amendment  to 
his  bill  to  be  at  least  voted  upon !  He 
applied  the  party  whip  and  made  voting 
for  die  woman  suffrage  amendment  dis¬ 
loyalty  to  the  government,  and  over 
one  hundred  Liberals,  who  had  previ¬ 
ously  declared  themselves  in  favor  of 
women’s  sharing  in  this  new  extension 

Ant. — 38 


594 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


of  the  franchise,  voted  against  allowing  them  to  do  so.  I  do  not 
believe  a  more  humiliating  abnegation  of  principle  at  the  behest 
of  a  party  leader  ever  was  witnessed  in  our  Congress/’ 

The  national  political  conventions  in  the  summer  of  1884 
received  the  usual  appeal  to  recognize  the  claims  of  women. 
The  Republican,  Democratic,  Anti-Monopoly  and  Greenback 
parties  equivocated,  although  the  last  two  nominated  Benjamin 
F.  Butler,  an  avowed  advocate  of  woman  suffrage  ;  the  Prohi¬ 
bition  convention  relegated  the  question  to  the  States.1  The 
American  party  put  in  a  plank  and  nominated  S.  C.  Pomeroy, 
a  champion  of  woman  suffrage,  but  it  had  too  small  a  follow¬ 
ing  to  offer  any  hope  of  success.  Blaine  was  not  a  friend,  Lo¬ 
gan  was  an  earnest  one  \  Cleveland  was  not  acceptable  to  many 
women,  Hendricks  had  never  shown  himself  favorable.  In 
the  midst  of  such  a  conglomeration  the  wise  thing  for  all 
women  would  have  been  to  remain  non-partisan  and  take 
no  share  in  the  campaign.  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Stan¬ 
ton,  however,  watching  events  from  their  secluded  nook, 
issued  a  manifesto  urging  women  to  stand  by  the  Repub¬ 
lican  party.  They  were  led  to  take  this  action  by  the  ten¬ 
dency  of  large  numbers  to  rush  to  the  support  of  the  Prohi¬ 
bitionists,  because  of  their  suffrage  plank ;  and  they  believed 
that  if  women  were  determined  to  work  for  some  political  party, 
the  Republican  at  that  time  held  out  most  hope.  This  aroused 
the  antagonism  of  the  Prohibitionists  and  Democrats,  both 
men  and  women,  and  afforded  the  strongest  possible  object  les¬ 
son  to  Miss  Anthony  of  the  wisdom  of  henceforth  adhering  to 
her  policy  of  non-partisanship  until  one  of  the  dominant  parties 
should  declare  unmistakably  for  woman  suffrage  and  advocate 
it  by  means  of  press  and  platform. 

’When  Miss  Anthony  learned  that  this  action  had  been  taken  with  the  sanction  of  Frances 
E.  Willard,  she  pointed  out  to  her  in  vigorous  language  how  the  Prohibition-Republicans 
had  left  that  party  this  year  because  a  temperance  resolution  had  failed  in  the  platform 
committee  and  had  gone  over  to  the  Prohibition  party,  charging  that  the  Republicans  were 
cowardly.  Yet  the  very  first  act  of  this  Prohibition  convention,  to  which  Miss  Willard  was 
a  delegate,  was  to  abandon  the  idea  of  National  Supremacy  and  accept  that  of  State  Rights 
in  order  to  conciliate  the  southern  members.  She  further  said :  “  When  the  time  comes  in 
which  it  will  be  political  expediency  for  the  Prohibition  party  to  throw  woman  suffrage 
overboard  altogether,  over  it  will  go.”  Miss  Willard  lived  to  see  this  prophecy  fulfilled  at  the 
National  Prohibition  Convention  of  1896. 


CONGRESSIONAL  HEARINGS— VISIT  TO  NEW  ORLEANS.  595 


Ill  August  occurred  the  death  of  Sarah  Pugh,  the  gentle 
Quaker  and  staunch  Abolitionist,  her  old  and  faithful  friend. 
It  was  followed  by  that  of  Frances  D.  Gage  a  few  months  later ; 
and  in  December  passed  away  the  true  and  helpful  ally,  Wil¬ 
liam  Henry  Channing.  Each  left  a  void  in  her  heart,  and  yet 
the  memory  of  these  great  souls  impelled  to  renewed  effort. 
There  was  no  cessation  of  the  work  on  the  History,  which  was 
slowly  evolved  through  the  heat  of  summer  and  the  beautiful 
days  of  early  autumn,  but  by  the  end  of  October  the  funds  were 
exhausted,  the  money  left  by  Mrs.  Eddy  was  still  in  litigation, 
and  Miss  Anthony  again  went  on  the  lecture  platform,  speak¬ 
ing  almost  every  night  through  November  and  December. 

She  did  not  fail,  however,  to  look  carefully  after  the  inter¬ 
ests  of  the  Seventeenth  National  Convention  which  met  as 
usual  in  Washington,  January  20,  1885.  A  letter  from  Clarina 
Howard  Nichols  was  sent  to  be  read  at  this  meeting,  but  the 
hand  which  penned  it  was  stilled  in  death  before  it  was 
received.  Of  all  the  pioneer  workers  with  whom  Miss  Anthony 
had  been  associated  in  the  early  days  so  full  of  scorn,  ridicule 
and  abuse,  Mrs.  Nichols  was  among  the  nearest  and  dearest,  a 
forceful  speaker  and  writer,  a  tender,  loving  woman.  It  was 
in  this  convention  that  the  resolution  denouncing  dogmas  and 
creeds  was  introduced  by  Mrs.  Stanton,  and  caused  much  com¬ 
motion  and  heated  argument.  Miss  Anthony  opposed  it,  say¬ 
ing  : 

I  object  to  the  words  “  derived  from  Judaism. ”  It  does  not  matter  where 
the  dogma  came  from.  I  was  on  the  old  Garrison  platform,  and  found  long 
ago  that  the  settling  of  any  question  of  human  rights  by  people’s  interpreta¬ 
tion  of  the  Bible  is  utterly  impossible.  I  hope  we  shall  not  go  back  to  that 
war.  We  all  know  what  we  want,  and  that  is  the  recognition  of  woman’s 
perfect  equality.  We  all  admit  that  such  recognition  never  has  been  granted 
in  the  centuries  of  the  past ;  but  for  us  to  begin  a  discussion  here  as  to  who 
established  this  injustice  would  be  anything  but  profitable.  Let  those  who 
wish  go  back  into  their  history,  but  I  beg  it  shall  not  be  done  on  our  plat¬ 
form.1 

1  Apropos  of  this  discussion,  an  amusing  anecdote  is  related  of  Miss  Anthony.  When  con¬ 
fronted,  in  an  argument,  with  the  passage  of  scripture,  “Wives,  submit  yourselves  unto  your 
own  husbands,”  etc.,  she  replied :  “Gentlemen,  no  one  objects  to  the  husband  being  the  head 
of  the  wife  as  Christ  was  the  head  of  the  church— to  crucify  himself;  what  we  object  to  is 
his  crucifying  his  wife.” 


596 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


The  public,  which  always  longed  for  a  sensation  at  these 
suffrage  conventions  and  was  disappointed  if  it  did  not  come, 
seized  upon  this  resolution,  and  press  and  pulpit  made  it  a 
text.  The  following  Sunday  W.  W.  Patton,  D.  D.,  president 
of  Howard  University,  preached  in  the  Congregational  church 
of  Washington  a  sermon  entitled,  “  Woman  and  Skepticism.’ ’ 
He  took  the  ground  that  as  soon  as  women  depart  from  their 
natural  sphere  they  become  skeptical  if  not  immoral.  He  gave 
as  examples  Hypatia,  Madame  Roland,  Harriet  Martineau, 
Frances  Power  Cobbe  and  George  Eliot !  Then  turning  his 
attention  to  America  he  said  that  “the  recent  convention  of 
woman  suffragists  gave  evidence  of  atheism  and  immorality,” 
and  that  “Victoria  Woodhull  was  the  representative  of  the 
movement  in  this  country.”1  And  this  when  Mrs.  Woodhull 
had  not  been  on  the  suffrage  platform  for  thirteen  years  !  Miss 
Anthony  and  Mrs.  Stanton  occupied  front  seats  and  at  the 
close  of  the  sermon  went  forward,  shook  hands  with  the 
preacher  and  Miss  Anthony  remarked  earnestly  :  “  Doctor, 

your  mother,  if  you  have  one,  should  lay  you  across  her  knee 
and  give  you  a  good  spanking  for  that  sermon.”  “  0,  no,” 
said  Mrs.  Stanton  quickly,  “  allow  me  to  congratulate  you.  I 
have  been  trying  for  years  to  make  women  understand  that  the 
worst  enemy  they  have  is  in  the  pulpit,  and  you  have  illus¬ 
trated  the  truth  of  it.”  Then,  while  the  great  divine  was  try¬ 
ing  to  recover  his  breath,  they  walked  out  of  the  church.  The 
nine  days’  commotion  which  this  produced  can  be  imagined 
better  than  described.  After  some  reflection  Miss  Anthony 
regretted  that  she  should  have  been  provoked  into  her  remark, 
but  Mrs.  Stanton  wrote:  “Don’t  worry  a  moment.  The 
more  I  think  about  it,  the  better  I  like  it,  because  it  was  the 
most  contemptuous  thing  which  could  have  been  said.  Like 
that  shot  at  Lexington,  it  will  go  round  the  world.” 

On  February  6,  Thomas  W.  Palmer  called  up  in  the  Senate 
the  resolution  for  a  Sixteenth  Amendment  and  supported  it  by 
that  masterly  speech  which  ever  since  has  been  one  of  the 

1  This  account  of  the  sermon  is  taken  from  the  reports  of  half  a  dozen  reputable  news¬ 
papers. 


CONGRESSIONAL  HEARINGS - VISIT  TO  NEW  ORLEANS.  597 

strongest  suffrage  campaign  documents.  At  the  request  of 
Miss  Anthony  thousands  of  copies  were  sent  out  under  his 
frank.  She  went  from  Washington  to  Boston  to  attend  a  meet¬ 
ing  of  the  National  branch  of  the  Massachusetts  association, 
and  soon  afterwards,  on  March  2,  started  for  the  New  Orleans 
Exposition.  She  was  warmly  welcomed  by  Mrs.  Caroline  E. 
Merrick,  wife  of  Judge  E.  T.  Merrick,  at  whose  lovely  home 
she  was  entertained  during  part  of  her  stay.  It  was  her  first 
visit  to  the  CrescenhCity  and  she  was  soon  deluged  with  invi¬ 
tations  to  speak  and  received  many  charming  tokens  of  the 
justly-famed  southern  hospitalhy. 

She  spoke  before  the  Woman’s  Club  in  the  hall  of  the  Con¬ 
tinental  Guards,  with  May  Wright  Sewall,  representative  from 
Indiana ;  gave  seven  addresses,  in  as  many  days,  before 
schools  and  colleges  and,  by  invitation  of  the  Press  Association, 
spoke  in  Agricultural  Hall  at  the  exposition  and  visited  the 
headquarters  of  the  different  papers.  The  next  day,  by  request 
of  Commissioner  Truman,  she  gave  an  address  and  held  a  re¬ 
ception  at  the  New  York  headquarters.  Her  last  appearance 
was  at  Tulane  Hall  under  the  auspices  of  the  teachers  of  the 
city  schools.  She  was  everywhere  beautifully  received,  al¬ 
though  her  doctrines  were  new  and  unpopular,  and  at  the  close 
of  each  meeting  her  audience  crowded  about  her  with  words  of 
appreciation  and  cordiality.  Miss  Anthony  here  met  for  the 
first  time  “Catherine  Cole,”  of  the  editorial  staff,  and  Mrs. 
Eliza  J.  Nicholson,  owner  and  manager  of  the  Picayune.  The 
latter  presented  her  with  an  Indian  basket  filled  to  overflowing 
with  orange  blossoms,  and  this  tribute  was  paid  in  her  paper  : 

The  Apostle  of  Woman’s  Rights.— Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  has  made  a  most 
favorable  impression  upon  the  New  Orleans  public,  and  has  by  her  gentleness 
and  courtesy  won  many  friends  for  herself  and  her  cause.  She  came  here  a 
total  stranger,  and  recognized  the  fact  that  there  were  many  who  did  not  ap- 
prove  of  her  or  her  doctrines.  She  has  been  sincere,  truly  polite  and  simply 
womanly  in  all  her  dealings  with  the  southern  people,  and  by  these  very  quali¬ 
ties  has  commanded  the  respectful  esteem  of  all.  Miss  Anthony  has  not 
striven  to  make  herself  “  solid  ”  with  the  people  who  give  the  best  dinners. 

.  .  .  The  workingwoman,  the  unfashionable  woman,  have  been  made  as 

heartily  welcome  as  the  leader  of  society ;  and  for  their  appreciation  they  have 


598 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


been  repaid  by  the  friendship  and  esteem  of  one  of  the  grandest  old  maids 
that  ever  lived. 

The  Times-Democrat  and  Daily  States  also  gave  full  and 
favorable  reports  of  her  visit  and  lectures.  The  two  weeks 
allowed  for  this  holiday  sped  quickly  away  and  Miss  Anthony 
left  for  the  North  on  March  20,  laden  with  luncheon,  flowers  and 
many  tokens  of  affection  from  the  women  of  New  Orleans. 
At  Marshall,  Tex.,  she  dined  with  President  and  Mrs.  Culver, 
of  Bishops’  University,  and  reached  St.  Louis  Sunday  even¬ 
ing,  where  she  was  the  guest  of  her  nephew,  Arthur  A. 
Mosher,  and  his  wife.  The  next  four  or  five  weeks  were  spent 
in  the  lecture  field  at  hard  work,  under  the  management  of  the 
Slayton  Bureau.  In  answer  to  her  letter  of  regret  at  not 
meeting  Mrs.  J.  Ellen  Foster  at  an  Iowa  convention,  as  she 
had  requested,  Mrs.  Foster  wrote  :  “  I  was  sorry  enough  not 

to  see  you  but  I  gave  the  people  your  message  in  the  evening. 
Dear  soul,  how  long  you  have  stood  for  the  truth  delivered 
unto  you  !  God  bless  your  words  and  works.  I  do  not  see 
creeds  and  dogmas  just  as  you  see  them,  I  do  not  believe  in  all 
that  you  do,  but  I  believe  in  you  !  ” 

The  last  of  April  came  the  long-expected  summons  to  Boston 
to  receive  the  legacy  of  Mrs.  Eddy,  the  courts  having  sustained 
the  will.  While  eastward  bound,  crossing  the  State  of  Illi¬ 
nois,  newspapers  were  brought  on  the  train  announcing  the 
death  of  Grant,  and  she  writes  :  “  The  weather  is  lovely  and 

springlike  today,  but  how  still  and  solemn  it  seems  out  here  on 
these  broad  prairies  with  that  great  general  gone  forever!  ” 
The  case  had  been  in  litigation  three  years,  Benjamin  F. 
Butler  appearing  for  Miss  Anthony  and  Lucy  Stone.  His  fees 
were  very  reasonable  but  several  thousand  dollars  were 
swallowed  up  in  the  suit.  The  legacy,  in  first-class  securities, 
stocks,  bonds,  etc.,  was  paid  April  27,  each  receiving  $24, 125. 1 
Miss  Anthony  gives  an  amusing  account,  in  one  of  her  let¬ 
ters,  of  the  awful  nightmare  she  had  on  board  the  sleeper 

1  This  is  the  only  instance  where  a  woman  has  bequeathed  a  large  amount  of  money  to  the 
cause  of  equal  rights,  although  a  number  of  small  bequests  have  been  made.  Women  have 
given  millions  of  dollars  to  churches,  charities,  and  colleges  for  men  but  comparatively  noth¬ 
ing  to  secure  freedom  for  those  of  their  own  sex. 


CONGRESSIONAL  HEARINGS - VISIT  TO  NEW  ORLEANS.  599 


going  home,  when  she  dreamed  that  a  woman  was  at  the  head 
of  her  berth  stifling  her  while  a  man  knelt  in  front,  his  hand 
cautiously  creeping  toward  the  inside  pocket  where  she  had 
sewed  the  money  and  bonds.  She  awoke  with  a  scream  and 
did  not  go  to  sleep  again. 

If  this  bequest  had  been  left  to  Miss  Anthony  for  her  own  per¬ 
sonal  use,  she  could  not  have  felt  one-half  the  joy  she  now  ex¬ 
perienced  in  having  the  means  to  carry  on  the  work  which  always 
had  been  so  seriously  impeded  for  lack  of  funds.  Of  course  its  re¬ 
ceipt  was  heralded  far  and  wide  by  the  papers,  and  appeals  be¬ 
gan  to  pour  in  from  all  sides,  nor  were  they  always  appeals, 
but  often  demands.  Scores  of  women  considered  themselves 
entitled  to  a  share  because  the  money  had  been  left  to  further 
the  cause  of  woman.  One  wanted  it  to  help  lift  a  mortgage  on 
her  home,  others  to  educate  their  children,  to  pay  a  debt,  to 
reward  them  for  the  valuable  services  they  had  given  to  woman 
suffrage,  to  start  a  paper,  to  carry  one  already  started,  and  so 
on  without  end.  The  men  also  were  willing  to  relieve  her  of  a 
portion.  “  I  am  terribly  oppressed  by  it  all,”  Miss  Anthony 
writes,  “  and  nothing  would  make  me  happier  than  to  respond 
to  every  one,  but  my  money  would  melt  away  in  a  month.”  It 
was  ludicrous  and  yet  pitiful  to  see  certain  persons  who  had 
repudiated  her  in  days  gone  by  because  she  was  too  radical 
and  too  aggressive,  discovering  all  at  once  how  much  they 
always  had  valued  her  and  how  anxious  they  had  been  for  a  long¬ 
time  to  renew  the  old  friendship-— the  common  story,  ancient 
as  the  world. 

The  one  thing  she  was  determined  to  do  first  of  all  was  to 
complete  the  History  of  Woman  Suffrage,  upon  which  she  and 
Mrs.  Stanton  had  spent  all  the  days  that  could  be  spared  for 
nearly  ten  years.  The  work  had  been  delayed  by  the  many 
other  demands  upon  their  time,  by  their  trips  abroad,  but 
more  than  all  else  by  lack  of  money.  The  authors  were  to  pay 
for  composition,  stereotyping,  the  making  of  the  plates  for  the 
engravings  and  the  printing  of  the  same  ;  Fowler  &  Wells  for 
the  paper,  press-work,  binding  and  advertising.  Miss  Anthony 
and  her  co-workers  were  to  receive  only  12/4,  per  cent,  com- 


600 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


mission  on  the  sales.  It  readily  may  be  seen  that  she  did 
not  go  into  this  as  a  money-making  scheme.  Her  only  thought, 
her  only  desire,  was  to  collect  the  facts  in  connection  with  the 
movement  to  secure  the  rights  of  women,  before  they  should 
be  scattered  and  lost,  and  to  preserve  and  put  them  into  shape 
for  reference. 

In  preparing  the  first  two  volumes  she  had  used  every  dollar 
she  had  been  able  to  earn  and  all  she  could  obtain  from  gener¬ 
ous  friends,  and  there  were  still  large  unpaid  bills.  Now,  with 
plenty  of  money  at  her  command,  she  bought  out  the  rights  of 
Fowler  &  Wells,  and  engaged  Charles  Mann,  of  Rochester,  to 
print  the  third  volume.  Mrs.  Stanton  had  returned  to  Ten- 
afly,  and  there  Miss  Anthony  again  sent  all  the  trunks  and 
boxes  of  precious  documents.  She  completed  her  lecture  en¬ 
gagements  and  the  first  of  June,  1885,  found  the  two  women 
once  more  hard  at  work. 

“I  really  think  of  you  with  pity  these  hot  midsummer  days/’ 
wrote  Mrs.  Sewall  to  Mrs.  Stanton,  “  under  the  lash  of  blessed 
Susan’s  relentless  energy;  but  the  reflection  that  she  applies  it 
with  the  most  vigor  to  her  own  back  enables  one  to  regard  that 
instrument,  after  all,  with  more  admiration  than  terror.”  It 
was  indeed  true  that  Mrs.  Stanton’s  luxury  and  ease-loving 
nature  required  much  urging,1  and  while  Miss  Anthony  took 
upon  herself  all  the  drudgery  possible  and  all  the  financial 
anxiety  and  burden,  she  was  compelled  to  keep  Mrs.  Stanton 
keyed  up  to  do  a  great  portion  of  the  literary  work.  “  It  is 
the  one  drawback  at  every  turn,”  she  writes,  “that  I  have  not 
the  faculty  to  frame  easy,  polished  sentences.  If  I  could  but 
do  this,  I  would  finish  up  the  History  without  asking  aid  of 
anyone.”  And  again:  “It  has  been  the  bane  of  my  life 
that  I  am  powerless  to  put  on  paper  the  glimpses  of  thoughts 
which  come  and  go  like  flashes  of  lightning.”  As  has  been 
said  before  in  these  pages,  she  is  a  perfect  critic  and  delightful 
letter-writer,  but  finds  difficulty  in  doing  what  is  called  “liter¬ 
ary  work.”  Practice  undoubtedly  would  have  enabled  her  to 

1  In  one  of  Miss  Anthony’s  letters  she  relates  with  amusement  that  Mr.  Stanton  had  just 
come  in  and,  seeing  his  wife  lying  on  the  couch,  remarked,  “Ah,  resting,  I  see.”  “  No,”  she 
replied,  “  I  am  exercising  by  lying  down.” 


MISS  ANTHONY  AND  MRS.  STANTON. 


Writing  the  History  of  Woman  Suffrage 


■  *,-Yv 


CONGRESSIONAL  HEARINGS - VISIT  TO  NEW  ORLEANS.  601 


overcome  this,  but  she  felt  always  that  her  chief  strength  lay 
in  executive  ability. 

Early  in  June  Miss  Anthony  slipped  away  from  the  work 
long  enough  to  go  to  the  Progressive  Friends’  meeting  at  Ken- 
nett  Square,  Penn.,  where  she  was  the  guest  of  Deborah  Pen- 
nock  and  met,  for  the  first  time,  Sarah  J.  Eddy.  In  her  diary 
she  says:  “  Last  evening  as  I  sat  on  the  sofa  Miss  Eddy  put 
her  arms  around  me  and  said,  ‘  I  am  so  glad  I  love  you;  I 
should  have  felt  very  sorry  if  I  had  not.’  And  so  should  I, 
for  the  sake  of  her  dear  mother  and  grandfather,  who  had  so 
much  confidence  in  me.”  The  two  went  on  to  New  York  to¬ 
gether  and  then  over  to  Mrs.  Stanton’s  for  a  little  visit,  and 
the  friendship  formed  at  that  time  has  been  maintained  ever 
since.  Later  when  Miss  Eddy  was  going  to  Rochester  to  a 
convention,  Miss  Anthony  wrote  Mrs.  Hallowell :  “I  am  sure 
you  would  be  glad  to  entertain  her ;  she  is  a  sweet,  lovely  little 
woman ;  thoroughly  sympathizing  with  everything  and  every¬ 
body  that  suffers  injustice.  I  am  very  sorry  that  sister  Mary 
and  I  must  be 'away  and  can  not  have  the  dear  girl  with  us.” 

Miss  Anthony  experienced  a  great  disadvantage  in  being  so 
far  away  from  her  publisher,  the  more  especially  as  she  had  to 
send  a  chapter  at  a  time,  read  proofs  of  each  as  soon  as  it  was 
set  up,  send  back  corrected  proof,  get  the  revises,  etc.,  and  she 
soon  found  it  necessary  to  spend  about  half  her  time  in 
Rochester.  The  women  who  were  preparing  the  chapters  for 
their  respective  States  delayed  the  work,  neglecting  to  send 
them  when  promised  ;  many  occupied  twice  as  much  space  as 
had  been  assigned  them  and  were  highly  indignant  when  Mrs. 
Stanton  used  the  blue  pencil  unsparingly  on  their  productions. 
They  vented  their  feelings  on  Miss  Anthony,  knowing  that 
nothing  they  could  say  would  ruffle  Mrs.  Stanton’s  equipoise, 
and  she  writes  in  her  diary  :  <(  To  decide  between  the  two  has 

almost  torn  me  in  twain.  People  who  can  write  are  so  tena¬ 
cious,  each  thinking  her  own  style  better  than  any  other, 
while  poor  I  don’t  know  which  is  the  best.” 

Every  few  weeks  she  was  obliged  to  rush  over  to  Fayette¬ 
ville  to  confer  with  Mrs.  Gage,  who  was  industriously  pre- 


602 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


paring  her  part  of  the  work.  Urgent  appeals  came  from 
women  in  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  Kansas  and  Indi¬ 
ana  that  they  could  not  possibly  make  a  success  of  their 
State  conventions  unless  she  came  to  their  assistance,  hut  she 
steeled  her  heart  against  them  and  stuck  closely  to  her  task. 
From  the  lecture  bureau  came  a  list  of  ten  engagments  at  $50 
a  night,  but  she  refused  them.  Some  of  the  expressions  in 
her  letters  of  those  busy  days  show  the  state  of  her  mind 
better  than  could  volumes  of  description  : 

All  the  work  of  today  put  aside  to  grope  into  the  old  past.  I  feel  like 
rushing  to  you  this  very  minute,  but  here  Mrs.  Stanton  and  I  are,  scratching, 
scratching  every  hour,  not  each  other’s  eyes  but  the  History  papers.  I  am  a 
fish  out  of  water.  ...  It  makes  me  feel  growly  all  the  time.  ...  I 
can  not  get  away  from  my  ball  and  chain.  ...  I  think  we’ll  make  things 
snap  and  crackle  a  little.  .  .  .  This  is  the  biggest  swamp  I  ever  tried  to 

wriggle  through.  .  .  .  We’ll  both  put  on  our  thinking  caps  and  I  guess 

get  quite  a  lot  of  funnies  in  the  reminiscences.  .  .  .  Now  here  is  the  pub¬ 
lisher’s  screech  for  money.  .  .  .  O,  to  get  out  of  this  History  prison ! 

.  .  .  .  I  am  too  tired  to  write — I  mean  too  lazy.  .  .  No  warhorse  ever 

panted  for  the  rush  of  battle  more  than  I  for  outside  work.  I  love  to  make 
history  but  hate  to  write  it. 

On  November  12  Mrs.  Stanton’s  seventieth  birthday  was 
celebrated  by  a  large  reception  held  in  the  parlors  of  Dr. 
Lozier  in  New  York,  where  Mrs.  Stanton  read  a  charming 
paper  on  “  The  Pleasures  of  Old  Age.”  Her  daughter,  Har¬ 
riot  Stanton  Blatch,  sent  the  following  bright  and  breezy  mes¬ 
sage  : 


.  .  .  How  I  wish  I  could  give  my  congratulations  in  the  flesh !  Distance 

is  the  foe  of  love.  Kiss  dear  Susan  and  let  her  kiss  you  for  me.  On  Novem¬ 
ber  12  I  shall  think  of  you  both,  for  you  two  are  not  easily  separated  in  my 
mind,  and  there  will  be  a  tenderness  in  my  thoughts  and  a  thankfulness  that 
you  both  have  lived.  In  your  worries  over  the  History,  remember  that  at 
least  one  woman  appreciates  the  fact  that  her  life  has  been  made  easier  be¬ 
cause  of  your  combined  public  work.  You  ought  to  be  overflowing  with  grat¬ 
itude  for  each  other’s  existence,  for  neither  without  the  other  would  have 
achieved  the  work  you  have  accomplished.  Every  day  of  your  lives  let  your 
hearts  praise  the  good  fortune  that  brought  you  together.  Friendship  is  the 
grandest  relation  in  the  world,  and  I  feel  infinitely  blessed  in  having  two 
such  women  as  friends.  You  and  dear  Susan  are  not  yet  to  be  sainted;  you 
have  no  end  of  work  in  you  still,  and  must  labor  on  for  many  a  long  year, 
and  gain  many  a  triumphant  victory.  I  throw  up  my  cap  and  cry  hurrah  for 


CONGRESSIONAL  HEARINGS - VISIT  TO  NEW  ORLEANS.  603 

you  two  grand  old  warriors !  The  curl  is  from  Nora’s  little  head.  She  shall 
be  taught  to  reverence  her  Queen  Mother  and  Maid  of  Honor  Susan.  Now 
farewell,  dear  ladies ;  I  am  wishing  you  on  birthdays  and  every  day  a  long 
and  happy  life. 

The  next  morning  came  the  cablegram  announcing  the 
sudden  death  in  Switzerland  of  the  mother  of  Julia  and  Rachel 
Foster.  Miss  Anthony  dropped  all  work  when  the  sisters 
arrived  at  New  York,  went  with  them  to  Philadelphia  and 
rendered  every  possible  consolation  and  assistance.  But  not 
even  to  go  to  Washington  to  push  the  work  in  Congress  and 
arrange  for  the  National  Convention  would  she  delay  the  task 
she  was  so  anxious  to  finish.  She  wrote  scores  of  letters,  how- 
ever,  in  regard  to  both,  and  the  congressmen  particularly  had 
reason  to  feel  that  she  had  not  forgotten  their  promises.  Her 
long  and  persistent  labors  were  rewarded,  for  the  close  of  1885 
found  the  whole  third  volume  of  the  History  in  the  hands  of 
the  printers. 


"  ■  1 


* 


- 


■ 


CHAPTER  XXXIV. 


MANY  TRIPS — FIRST  VOTE  ON  SIXTEENTH  AMENDMENT. 

1886—1887. 

ISS  ANTHONY  started  for  Washington  toward 
the  last  of  J anuary ,  1886,  with  a  lighter  heart  than 
she  had  possessed  for  many  years.  The  dreadful 
burden  of  the  labor  on  the  History  was  lifted,  all 
the  bills  were  paid,  she  had  given  a  helping  hand 
to  several  of  the  old  workers,  which  made  her  very  happy, 
and  she  had  one  or  two  good  dresses  in  her  trunk.  There  was 
nothing  which  the  paragrapher  who  hated  what  Miss  Anthony 
represented,  liked  so  well  as  to  make  disagreeable  flings  at  her 
clothes,  and  yet  it  is  an  indisputable  fact  of  history  that  she 
was  one  of  the  most  perfectly  dressed  women  on  the  platform, 
although  her  tastes  were  very  plain  and  simple.  A  lady  once 
wrote  her  asking  if  it  would  not  be  possible  to  make  the  suf¬ 
frage  conventions  a  little  more  aesthetic,  they  were  so  painfully 
practical.  She  sent  the  letter  to  Mrs.  Stanton,  who  com¬ 
mented  :  “  Well  now,  perhaps  if  we  could  paint  injustice  in 

.  in  a  framework  of  poetical  argument,  we 

might  more  easily  entrap  the  Senator  Edmunds  and  Oscar 
Wilde  types  of  Adam’s  sons.  Suppose  at  our  next  convention 
all  of  us  dress  in  pale  green,  have  a  faint  and  subdued  gaslight 
with  pink  shades,  write  our  speeches  in  verse  and  chant  them 
to  a  guitar  accompaniment.  Ah  me  !  alas  !  how  can  we  reform 
the  world  aesthetically  ?  ” 

The  members  of  Congress  always  knew  when  Miss  Anthony 
had  arrived  in  Washington.  Other  women  accepted  their 
word  that  they  were  going  to  do  something,  and  waited  patiently 
at  home.  Miss  Anthony  followed  them  up  and  saw  that  thev 

(605) 


606 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


did  it.  If  she  could  not  find  them  at  the  Capitol,  she  went  to 
their  homes.  If  they  promised  to  introduce  a  certain  measure 
on  a  certain  day,  she  was  in  the  gallery  looking  them  squarely 
in  the  face.  If  they  failed  to  do  it,  they  found  her  waiting 
for  them  at  the  close  of  the  session.  Senator  Blair  wrote  this 
humorous  note  January  15  :  “  I  thought  just  as  likely  as  not 

you  would  come  fussing  round  before  I  got  your  amendment  re¬ 
ported  to  the  Senate.  I  wish  you  would  go  home.  Cockrell  has 
agreed  to  let  me  know  soon  whether  he  won’t  allow  the  report 
to  be  made  right  off  without  any  bother,  and  I  have  been  to 
him  several  times  before.  I  don’t  see  what  you  want  to  med¬ 
dle  for,  anyway.  Go  off  and  get  married  !  ” 


Miss  Anthony  has  been  directly  connected  with  every  action 
taken  by  Congress  or  by  any  congressional  committee  on  the 
question  of  woman  suffrage.  There  are  on  file  among  her  papers 
hundreds  of  letters  from  members  during  the  past  thirty  years, 
showing  her  energy  and  persistence  in  compelling  attention  to 
this  subject,  in  learning  who  were  its  friends,  in  attempting  to 


MANY  TRIPS - FIRST  VOTE  ON  SIXTEENTH  AMENDMENT.  607 

convert  the  doubters  and  in  spurring  the  believers  to  effort. 
This  is  something  for  the  women  of  the  future  to  remember. 

The  Eighteenth  Annual  Convention  opened  February  17. 
Prominent  features  were  a  fine  address  by  Rev.  Rush  R.  Ship- 
pen,  of  All  Souls  church,  and  the  first  appearance  on  the  plat¬ 
form  of  Mary  F.  Eastman,  Ada  C.  Sweet,  the  pension  agent, 
the  eloquent  southern  speakers,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  A.  Meriwether 
and  Mrs.  Sallie  Clay  Bennett,  and  the  talented  German, 
Madame  Clara  Neymann.  Among  many  letters  was  one  from 
George  W.  Childs  to  Miss  Anthony,  saying  :  “  I  am  always 

glad  to  hear  from  you  and  I  keep  track  of  your  continued  good 
work.  Do  not  be  discouraged.  I  take  pleasure  in  sending 
the  enclosed  check  ($100)  with  my  sincere  regards  and  very 
best  wishes.” 

The  crowds  were  so  great  that  policemen  had  to  be  stationed 
at  the  door  to  prevent  late  comers  from  trying  to  enter  during 
the  evening  sessions.  The  resolutions  scored  the  bill  before 
Congress  proposing  to  disfranchise  all  Utah  women,  both  Gen¬ 
tile  and  Mormon,  to  punish  the  crime  of  polygamy.  The 
usual  hearing  was  granted*  before  the  congressional  commit¬ 
tees.  The  fight  for  woman  suffrage  in  the  Forty-ninth  Con¬ 
gress  was  conducted  by  Ezra  B.  Taylor,  of  Ohio,  who  prepared 
the  favorable  minority  report  of  the  House  Judiciary  Commit¬ 
tee.  The  adverse  majority  report  was  signed  by  John  Ran¬ 
dolph  Tucker,  of  Virginia. 

On  March  25  “  the  general  ”  slipped  up  to  New  York  City, 
to  assist  her  forces  at  the  State  convention,  and  then  hastened 
back  to  Washington  to  direct  the  main  line  of  attack.  The 
diary  says  : 

March  30. — Went  to  House  of  Representatives,  saw  Messrs.  Tucker  and 
Taylor  of  judiciary  committee;  both  promised  to  report  soon.  Then  went  to 
Senate,  saw  Messrs.  Blair,  Stanford  and  Bowen;  all  agreed  to  work  to  bring 
up  our  bill  by  May  1.  In  the  evening  took  a  cab  and  went  in  a  pouring  rain 
to  Senator  Stanford’s,  where  I  spent  an  hour.  How  keen  and  true  are  his 
perceptions  in  regard  to  public  questions ! 

March  31. — Pouring  rain,  dark  and  muggy.  I  went  to  the  Senate ;  sat  with 
Mrs.  Dolph  and  Mrs.  Stanford;  heard  Senator  Dolph’s  fine  speech  on  the 
admission  of  Washington  Territory  as  a  State  and  his  splendid  word  for 
woman  suffrage.  Mrs.  Dolph  took  me  home  in  her  carriage. 


608 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


April  1. — Went  to  the  Senate  again  to  secure  pledges  for  votes  and  speeches 
for  the  Sixteenth  Amendment  Bill.  Got  Senator  Dolph’s  strongest  para¬ 
graphs,  and  at  8  p.  m.  went  to  the  top  floor  of  the  Associated  Press  rooms  and 
gave  them  to  Mr.  Boynton,  who  sent  them  over  the  wires. 

April  9. — The  United  States  Senate  today  voted  down  Eustis’  motion 
to  refuse  to  admit  Washington  Territory  unless  the  woman  suffrage  clause 
were  eliminated  from  its  constitution,  25  to  12.  Senator  Ingalls  was  the  only 
Republican  who  voted  with  the  enemy. 

A  few  days  later  Miss  Anthony  received  the  following  from 
Mrs.  Caroline  E.  Merrick,  of  New  Orleans :  .  .  I  feel 

defrauded  that  I  never  knew  you  until  last  year.  Judge  Mer¬ 
rick  says  you  are  the  most  sensible  person  he  ever  met  ( with¬ 
out  any  sex  qualifications,  of  course).  Like  you,  I  was  indig¬ 
nant  at  Mr.  Eustis  in  regard  to  his  course  toward  Washington 
Territory.  I  was  ashamed  and  blushed  for  my  Louisiana  sen¬ 
ator  that  time.  Thanks  for  your  sympathy  in  my  illness. 
When  my  head  lies  low  I  pray  that  you  may  find  another  and 
even  better  friend  in  my  State,  who  will  come  to  the  front  in 
the  cause  of  equal  rights  for  women.”  An  extract  from  a  let¬ 
ter  of  Rev.  Olympia  Brown  to  Mrs.  Stanton  shows  how  much 
the  old  workers  as  well  as  the  young  depended  upon  Miss  An¬ 
thony:  “  I  wish  to  inquire  what  has  become  of  Susan?  Yon 
know  she  is  my  North  Star.  I  take  all  my  bearings  from  her,  and 
when  I  lose  sight  of  her  I  wander  helplessly,  uncertain  of  my 
course.” 

The  diary  of  April  30  says:  “  Heard  Phoebe  Couzins  had 
been  taken  to  Hot  Springs,  terribly  crippled  with  rheumatism. 
Wrote  her  at  once  and  enclosed  $100,  telling  her  I  wanted  it 
used  to  provide  delicacies  and  make  her  comfortable.  I  have 
thought  it  would  be  Phoebe  whom  I  should  take  with  me  on 
my  southern  tour  next  year,  but  I  fear  her  work  is  done.” 

By  the  middle  of  May,  1886,  the  last  bit  of  History  proof 
was  read,  and  unlimited  leave  of  absence  was  granted  Miss 
Anthony  by  her  publisher,  while  the  indexer  and  binder  com¬ 
pleted  the  work  which  was  begun  in  1876.  On  the  19th  she 
started  for  Kansas,  stopping  for  the  usual  visit  in  Chicago  with 
her  cousins.  In  Kansas  she  visited  her  brothers  at  Leaven¬ 
worth  and  Fort  Scott  for  nearly  two  months,  making  an  oc- 


MANY  TRIPS - FIRST  VOTE  ON  SIXTEENTH  AMENDMENT.  609 

casional  speech.  On  the  morning  of  July  4,  under  the  aus¬ 
pices  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  she  addressed  a  large  audience  at 
Salina  on,  “  The  powerlessness  of  woman  so  long  as  she  is  de¬ 
pendent  on  man  for  bread.”  In  the  hot  afternoon,  as  she  was 
about  to  enjoy  a  nap,  word  came  that  a  hundred  people  had  united 
in  a  i equest  that  she  should  speak  again,  as  they  had  come 
from  ten  to  twenty  miles  on  purpose  to  hear  her  ;  so  she  re¬ 
turned  to  the  grove,  and  Mrs.  Griffith,  State  evangelist,  kindly 
yielded  her  hour.  On  July  11  Miss  Anthony  went  again  to 
Chicago,  and  on  the  14th  spoke  at  Lake  Bluff  Camp  Meeting, 
which  was  under  the  management  of  Frances  E.  Willard.  She 
then  visited  the  summer  homes  of  her  cousins  and  of  Elizabeth 
Boynton  Harbert,  at  Lake  Geneva.  On  this  trip  she  was  ac¬ 
companied  by  her  dearly-loved  niece,  Susie  B.,  who  went  with 
her  to  Rochester  and  spent  the  summer.  The  diary  briefly  re¬ 
cords  : 


September  28.— Left  Chicago  at  noon  and  lunched  with  Miss  Willard  at 
Rest  Cottage,  Evanston.  Her  mother  bright  and  charming  at  eighty-two,  and 
Anna  Gordon  sweet  as  ever.  It  was  very  good  to  see  Miss  Willard*  un¬ 
der  her  own  roof.  Reached  Racine  in  time  for  the  State  convention,  was 
met  by  a  delegation  of  ladies  and  taken  to  the  home  of  Martha  Parker  Din- 
gee,  niece  of  the  great  Theodore  Parker,  a  lovely  woman.  Fine  audiences. 

October  2.— Reached  St.  Louis  at  8  a.  m.  As  I  was  looking  for  my  trunk  I 
heard  some  one  cry  out,  “Is  that  you,  Susan  ?”  and  there  were  Phoebe 
Couzins  and  her  father.  I  had  made  my  trip  that  way  for  the  special  purpose 
of  seeing  her,  expecting  to  find  her  confined  to  the  house;  so  I  went  home 
and  breakfasted  with  them. 

October  4.— Reached  Leavenworth  and  found  Mrs.  Colby  and  Mrs.  Saxon 
ready  to  begin  the  campaign  for  arousing  public  sentiment  to  demand  a 
bill  from  the  next  legislature  to  secure  Municipal  suffrage  for  women.  Dr. 
Ruth  M.  Wood  is  the  mainspring  of  the  movement  here. 

This  series  of  conventions  was  held  in  the  congressional  dis¬ 
tricts  from  October  5  to  November  3,  Mrs.  Laura  M.  Johns, 
manager,  assisted  by  Mrs.  Anna  C.  Wait,  president  of  the 
State  Association,  and  by  a  number  of  capable  and  energetic 
Kansas  women  at  each  place  visited.  Under  date  of  October 
11,  Miss  Anthony  wrote  to  eastern  friends  :  “We  are  having 
the  loveliest  weather  you  ever  dreamed  of  and  the  most  mag- 
Ant. — 39 


610 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


nificent  audiences — no  church  or  hall  holding  them.  If  our 
legislators,  State  or  national,  could  only  see  these  gatherings 
and  look  into  the  earnest  faces  of  these  people,  coming  so 
many  miles  in  wagons  to  see  and  hear  and  get  fresh  courage, 
they  would  surely  answer  our  demands  by  something  else  than 
silence. ”  The  press  corroborated  this  description  and  the  fol¬ 
lowing  special  dispatch  may  be  taken  as  a  fair  specimen  : 

The  seventh  district  convention,  the  third  of  the  series,  has  just  closed  in 
Lincoln,  and  was  a  beautiful  ovation  to  Miss  Anthony.  Crowded  houses 
greeted  her— every  available  foot  of  space  filled  with  chairs,  window-sills 
utilized  for  seats,  and  conveyances  drawn  up  outside  of  windows  and  filled 
with  listeners.  People  came  thirty,  forty  and  fifty  miles  in  buggies  and 
wagons  to  shake  hands  with  the  pioneer  suffragist.  Grizzly-headed  opposers 
succumbed  to  Miss  Anthony’s  logic  and  came  up  to  grasp  her  hand  and  say  God 
bless  her,  and  proved  the  depth  of  their  fervor  by  generous  financial  aid  to 
the  cause  she  so  ably  represents.  It  is  seldom  that  the  beginner  of  a  great 
reform  lives  to  see  such  fruitage  of  her  labors  as  does  she.  People  often 
descant  upon  the  indifference  of  women  to  the  question  of  their  own  enfran¬ 
chisement  and  to  political  matters  generally ;  but  there  is  serious  doubt  of 
greater  interest  ever  having  been  shown  by  men  in  political  meetings  than 
women  exhibit  in  these  conventions.  .  .  . 

On  the  evening  of  the  second  day  the  house  was  so  densely  packed  that  a 
messenger  for  a  glass  of  water  had  to  go  out  through  a  window.  But  in  spite 
of  all  discomfort  and  the  many  standing,  the  audience  maintained  perfect 
order  and  gave  the  utmost  attention  throughout  Miss  Anthony’s  speech  of 
two  hours.  Learning  that  she  would  remain  in  Lincoln  over  Sunday  the 
people  importuned  her  to  speak  that  afternoon  in  the  Presbyterian  church, 
which  she  did  to  a  large  audience. 

The  diary  relates :  “ A  mother  brought  her  four-weeks-old 

girl  baby  twenty-five  miles  in  a  carriage,  so  she  might  tell  it, 
when  grown,  that  Susan  B.  Anthony  had  taken  it  in  her 
arms.  ‘And  the  trip  has  not  hurt  baby  a  particle,’  she  said 
brightly.”  And  again  it  tells,  with  a  good  deal  of  gusto,  that 
one  Baptist  minister  was  determined  the  suffrage  speakers 
should  not  have  his  church  and  only  yielded  after  several  of 
the  richest  pew-holders  declared  they  never  would  pay  another 
dollar  towards  his  salary  if  he  did  not.  He  then  made  his  ap¬ 
pearance  at  the  meeting,  opened  it  with  his  blessing  and  closed 
it  with  his  benediction!  Miss  Anthony  was  not  always  able 
to  speak  to  her  own  satisfaction.  At  Salina  she  lectured  for 


MANY  TRIPS - FIRST  VOTE  ON  SIXTEENTH  AMENDMENT.  611 


the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  writes  :  “I  wrent  to  the  opera  house  and 
found  a  fine  audience.  -  Tried  to  give  ‘  Moral  Influence  vs. 
Political  Power/  but  the  spirit  wouldn’t  soar;  its  wings 
flapped  on  the  earth  perpetually  for  the  whole  hour.  I  took 
my  $25  from  the  treasurer  and  went  home  with  a  heavy  heart. 
It  is  beyond  my  knowledge  why,  after  speaking  every  day  for 
a  whole  week,  freely  and  decently,  my  wits  should  desert  me 
and  my  tongue  be  tied  just  at  the  time  when  I  am  most  anx¬ 
ious  to  do  my  best.” 

Two  days’  meetings  were  held  at  Abilene,  Florence,  Hutch¬ 
inson,  Wichita,  Anthony,  Winfield,  Independence,  Lawrence 
and  Fort  Scott.  The  speakers  were  entertained  by  prominent 
families,  suffrage  societies  were  formed  at  each  place,  the  vast 
majority  of  public  sentiment  seemed  favorable,  and  the  collec¬ 
tions  paid  all  the  expenses  of  the  conventions. 

In  November  and  December  a  number  of  other  speakers 
made  a  canvass  of  the  State,  and  the  following  winter  the 
legislature  passed  a  bill  conferring  Municipal  suffrage  upon 
the  women  of  Kansas.  The  bill  was  introduced  in  the  Senate 
by  R.  W.  Blue  (Rep.)  of  Linn  county;  and  in  the  House  by 
T.  T.  Taylor  (Rep.)  of  Reno  county.  It  passed  the  Senate,  25 
ayes,  all  Republicans;  13  noes,  10  Republicans  and  3  Demo¬ 
crats  ;  in  the  House  90  ayes,  84  Republicans  and  6  Democrats ; 
21  noes,  5  Republicans  and  16  Democrats.  The  bill  was 
signed  by  Governor  John  A.  Martin,  February  15,  1887  ;  and 
under  its  provisions  women  in  that  State  have  voted  ever  since 
at  Municipal  elections.1 

Without  a  day’s  rest,  Miss  Anthony  went  direct  from  Kan¬ 
sas  to  Sandwich,  Ill.,  to  attend  the  State  convention.  After 
three  days  there  and  a  Sunday  in  Chicago,  Monday,  November 
8,  found  her  at  Racine,  Wis.,  ready  to  begin  a  tour  of  conven¬ 
tions  in  every  congressional  district.  That  evening  a  reception 
was  given  her  by  Hon.  and  Mrs.  M.  B.  Erskine,  and  the  hos¬ 
pitality  of  their  handsome  home  was  offered  for  every  day 
which  she  could  spend  in  the  city. 

1  Miss  Anthony  notes  in  her  diary  that  she  made  her  first  Kansas  campaign  in  ’67  and  the 
suffrage  bill  was  signed  on  her  sixty-seventh  birthday.  She  received  a  letter  of  congratula¬ 
tion  on  the  signing  of  the  bill  from  Chief- Justice  Horton,  of  Kansas. 


612 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


With  Mrs.  Colby  and  Rev.  Olympia  Brown,  assisted  by  local 
speakers,  meetings  were  held  at  Waukesha,  Ripon,  Oshkosh, 
Green  Bay,  Grand  Rapids,  Eau  Claire,  LaCrosse,  Evansville, 
Milwaukee  and  Madison.  At  the  last  place  the  ladies  spoke  in 
the  Senate  chamber  of  the  State  House  to  an  audience  contain¬ 
ing  a  number  of  dignitaries,  among  them  President  Bascom, 
of  the  State  University,  and  his  wife,  who  from  this  time  were 
Miss  Anthony’s  steadfast  friends.  Mrs.  Colby  gives  a  graphic 
description  of  Miss  Anthony’s  sudden  outburst  here,  when 
several  members  had  exasperated  her  by  their  remarks,  which 
closes  :  “I  was  writing  at  the  secretary’s  desk  and  as  I  looked 
up  I  realized  the  full  grandeur  of  the  scene.  It  was  woman 
standing  at  the  bar  of  the  nation,  pleading  for  the  recognition 
of  her  citizenship.  Miss  Anthony  seemed  positively  Titanic 
as  she  leaned  far  over  from  the  speaker’s  desk.  Her  tone  and 
manner  were  superb,  and  the  vast  and  sympathetic  audience 
caught  the  electric  thrill.  .  .  .”  In  this  city  she  was  the 

guest  of  an  old  schoolmate,  Elizabeth  Ford  Proudfit.  The 
meetings  closed  December  3,  and  Miss  Anthony  wrote  Mrs. 
Spofford  : 

I  intend  now  to  make  straight  for  Washington  without  a  stop.  I  shall 
come  both  ragged  and  dirty.  Think  of  two  solid  months  of  conventions, 
speaking  every  night!  Don’t  worry  about  me.  I  was  never  better  or  more 
full  of  hope  and  good  work.  Though  the  apparel  will  be  tattered  and  torn, 
the  mind,  the  essence  of  me,  is  sound  to  the  core.  Please  tell  the  little  milli¬ 
ner  to  have  a  bonnet  picked  out  for  me,  and  get  a  dressmaker  who  will  patch 
me  together  so  I  shall  be  presentable.  Now  for  the  Washington  convention : 
Before  settling  upon  the  Universalist  church,  you  would  better  pocket  the 
insults  and  refusals  of  the  Congregational  church  powers  that  be  and  send 
your  most  lovely  and  winning  girls  to  ask  for  that.  If  you  can’t  get  it  or 
the  Metropolitan  or  the  Foundry  or  the  New  York  Avenue  or  any  large 
and  popular  church,  why  take  the  Universalist,  and  then  tell  the  saints  of  the 
fashionable  churches  that  we  dwell  there  because  they  refused  us  admission 
to  their  holy  sanctuaries.  Don’t  let  us  go  into  the  heterodox  houses,  much 
as  I  love  them,  except  because  we  are  driven  away  from  the  orthodox. 

In  December  the  third  volume  of  the  History  of  Woman 
Suffrage  at  last  was  ready  for  the  public,  another  book  of  nearly 
1,000  pages.  It  completed  the  story  up  to  1884,  and  like  its 
predecessors  was  cordially  received  by  the  press.  The  money 


MANY  TRIPS - FIRST  VOTE  ON  SIXTEENTH  AMENDMENT.  613 


swallowed  up  by  this  work  hardly  will  be  credited.  Mrs. 
Stanton  not  being  able  or  willing  to  revise  the  last  volume  un¬ 
til  it  was  put  into  proof  slips,  and  then  making  extensive 
changes,  the  cost  for  re-setting  type  was  over  $900.  The  fifty 
fine  steel  engravings  and  the  prints  made  from  them  cost  over 
$6,000.  For  proof  reading  $500  was  paid,  and  for  indexing, 
$250.  Mrs.  Stanton  and  Mrs.  Gage,  seeing  that  there  never 
would  be  any  profits  from  the  books  and  that  Miss  Anthony 
proposed  to  give  most  of  them  away,  sold  out  their  rights  to 
her,  the  former  for  $2,000  and  the  latter  for  $1,000.  She  also, 
as  has  been  stated,  bought  out  the  interest  of  Fowler  &  Wells. 
When  the  first  edition  of  the  three  mammoth  volumes  finally 
came  into  her  sole  possession,  they  represented  an  outlay  on 
her  part  of  $20,000. 

While  theie  were  many  criticisms  from  certain  quarters  as 
to  various  errors  and  so-called  misstatements,  and  many  threats 
to  write  a  history  which  should  be  free  from  all  imperfections, 
the  fact  remains  that,  although  fifty  years  have  passed  since 
the  inception  of  the  great  movement  to  secure  equal  rights  for 
women,  there  never  has  been  another  attempt  to  preserve  the 
story.  But  for  Miss  Anthony’s  careful  collecting  and  saving 
of  newspaper  accounts,  manuscripts  of  speeches,  published  re¬ 
ports  and  the  correspondence  of  half  a  century,  her  persistent 
and  determined  effort  for  ten  years  to  have  them  put  into  read¬ 
able  shape,  and  Mrs.  Stanton’s  fine  ability  to  do  it,  the  student 
never  would  have  been  able  to  trace  the  evolution  of  woman 
from  a  chattel  in  the  eye  of  the  law  to  a  citizen  with  legal  and 
social  rights  very  nearly  equal  to  those  of  man.  While  there 
is  necessarily  some  repetition,  so  long  a  time  elapsing  between 
the  writing  of  the  different  volumes,  and  perhaps  a  little  pro¬ 
lixity,  there  is  not  a  dull  page  in  the  whole  work  and  the 
leader  will  find  it  difficult  to  reach  a  place  where  she  is  will¬ 
ing  to  stop.  It  contains  a  resume  of  early  conditions  ;  the  perse¬ 
cutions  endured  by  the  pioneers  in  the  struggle  for  freedom  ; 
the  piogiess  in  each  separate  State,  and  in  foreign  countries  j 
the  action  taken  by  different  legislatures  and  congresses  ;  the 
grand  arguments  made  for  equal  rights  ;  the  position  of  woman 


614 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


in  church  and  State.  Into  whatever  library  the  student  may 
go  seeking  information  upon  this  question,  it  is  to  these  vol¬ 
umes  he  must  look  to  find  it  in  collected  and  connected  form. 
If  Miss  Anthony  had  done  no  other  work  but  to  produce  this 
History,  she  would  deserve  a  prominent  place  on  the  list  of  im¬ 
mortal  names. 

It  was  necessary  to  put  so  high  a  price  upon  it,  $15  a  set  in  cloth 
and  $19.50  in  leather  binding,  as  to  make  a  large  sale  impos¬ 
sible.  Miss  Anthony  did  not  undertake  it  as  a  money-making 
scheme,  and  when  the  receipt  of  Mrs,  Eddy’s  bequest  enabled 
her  to  discharge  all  indebtedness  connected  with  it,  she  felt  her¬ 
self  at  liberty  to  use  it  as  a  most  valuable  means  of  educating  the 
people  into  an  understanding  of  the  broad  principle  of  equality 
of  rights.  At  her  own  expense  she  placed  the  History  in  over 
1,000  of  the  libraries  of  Europe  and  America,  including  the 
British  Museum,  the  university  libraries  of  Oxford,  Edin¬ 
burgh,  Dublin,  Paris,  Berlin,  Finland,  Melbourne,  Toronto, 
and  many  of  the  university  and  public  libraries  of  the  United 
States.  The  members  of  the  Senate  and  House  Judiciary  Com¬ 
mittees  in  several  Congresses  were  presented  with  sets,  and 
there  are  hundreds  of  letters  on  file  from  prominent  per¬ 
sons  in  England  and  this  country  acknowledging  the  receipt 
of  the  books. 

Chapters  might  be  made  of  commendatory  letters  received 
from  officials,  writers,  public  workers  and  friends  in  private 
life.  A  few  spec¬ 
imens  must  suf¬ 
fice.  A  letter 
from  Senator  H. 
to  his  “  dear  cousin,”  closed 
by  saying:  “The  three 
volumes  form  a  valuable 
history  of  the  important  en¬ 
terprise  in  which  you  have  borne  so  conspicuous  and  honor¬ 
able  a  part,  and  you  have  added  to  the  reputation  of  the  name 
that  we  both  bear.” 


MANY  TRIPS - FIRST  VOTE  ON  SIXTEENTH  AMENDMENT.  615 

Mary  L.  Booth,  the  gifted  editor  of  Harper’s  Bazar,  thus 
expressed  her  opinion  of  the  work  : 

You  and  your  colleagues  have  industriously  placed  on  record  a  copious  mass 
of  documentary  evidence  which  will  be  of  the  utmost  value  when  the  time 
arrives  to  sum  up  the  final  results.  When  this  era  comes,  you  will  be  fore¬ 
most  among  the  band  of  heroic  pioneers  who  have  endured  discomfort, 
obloquy  and  privation  of  much  that  is  dear  to  women  for  the  sake  of  those 
who  will  profit  by  your  labors  while  failing  to  recognize  them.  Posterity 
will  do  you  this  justice,  whether  your  contemporaries  do  or  not;  but  indeed, 
it  is  universally  known  to  those  with  any  knowledge  of  the  facts,  that  among 
all  the  champions  of  women,  none  has  been  more  distinguished  for  utter  self- 
abnegation,  single-heartedness  and  devotion  to  her  life-work  than  Susan  B. 
Anthony. 

As  you  know,  I  have  always  felt  the  deepest  interest  in  the  elevation  of 
women,  which  is  synonymous  with  that  of  humanity,  for  man  must  be  always 
on  the  plane  of  his  wife,  sister  and  mother.  .  .  .  The  antagonism  to 

political  equality  is  rapidly  disappearing,  as  it  is  beginning  to  be  recognized 
that  in  politics,  as  in  everything  else,  woman’s  help  is  needed,  and  the  repub¬ 
lic  can  not  afford  to  have  her  stand  aloof.  But  this  phase  of  the  subject  has 
been  so  much  misunderstood,  both  by  men  and  women,  that  time  is  needed 
to  clear  away  the  mists  of  misconception  which  envelop  it ;  and  to  prove  that 
the  co-operation  of  women  in  political  life  is  not  only  just  and  expedient,  but 
absolutely  indispensable  to  the  public  weal. 


No  family  in  Rochester  stood  more  steadfastly  by  Miss  An¬ 
thony  during  all  her  long  and  eventful  life  than  the  Wilders _ 

Carter,  Samuel,  Mrs.  Maria  Wilder  Depuy  and  D.  Webster. 
The  last,  in  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  books,  wrote: 
‘‘How  much  you  have  contributed  to  history  in  this  grand 


616 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


publication  !  With  woman  as  a  part  of  humanity,  what  a 
revolution  will  be  wrought !  Changes  everywhere — in  social 
life,  in  morals,  politics,  business — and  all  for  the  better.  In 
this  world-revolution  you  have  done  a  great  work.  My  chil¬ 
dren  are  proud  of  the  fact  that  you  are  my  personal  friend.  I 
fully  appreciate  your  gift.  It  will  be  a  Bible  in  my  home.” 
From  the  philanthropist,  Sarah  B.  Cooper,  revered  for  her 
work  in  the  kindergartens  on  the  Pacific  coast,  came  this  tri¬ 
bute  : 

This  book  is  the  fruitage  of  all  the  years  of  your  faith  and  work.  It  tells  of 
the  long  preparation— the  opening  up  of  the  forest ;  the  blazing  of  the  trail ; 
the  clearing  of  the  underbrush;  the  deep  sub-soiling;  the  lying  fallow ;  the 
ploughing,  sowing,  harrowing,  the  patient  tillage— and  now  comes  the  harvest. 
What  courage,  endurance,  fidelity  and  faith !  The  pioneers  of  new  thoughts 
and  principles  are  the  loneliest  of  mortals.  Those  who  live  ahead  of  their 
time  must  wait  for  the  honors  and  plaudits  of  posterity  to  get  their  full  meed 
of  appreciation  and  reward.  But  after  all,  dear,  honored  friend,  the  richest 
reward  of  such  a  life  as  yours  is  to  have  lived  it. 

The  History  also  was  given  to  the  libraries  of  those  towns 
whose  women  would  raise  a  certain  amount  towards  various 
State  suffrage  campaigns,  and  in  every  possible  way  it  always 
has  been  used  for  missionary  work.1 

The  first  week  in  1887,  in  most  inclement  weather  and 
against  the  protest  of  friends,  Miss  Anthony  went  all  the  way 
to  Nebraska,  to  keep  a  promise  to  Mrs.  Colby  and  other 
women  of  that  State  to  attend  their  annual  convention,  Janu- 
ary  7.  She  found  a  pleasant  letter  awaiting  her  at  Lincoln, 
from  her  old  friend,  Mary  Rogers  Kimball,  daughter  of  the 
noted  Abolitionist,  Nathaniel  P.  Rogers,  and  wife  of  the  General 
Passenger  Agent  of  the  Union  Pacific  R.  R.,  now  living  at 
Omaha,  which  closed:  “  How  I  wish  you  could  come  to  us 
auci  iest  a  few  days.  Mr.  Kimball  would  welcome  you,  as 
would  every  one  of  this  household.  You  ought  to  make  our 
home  happy  by  coming  once  in  a  while.  .  .  .  Mother,  who  is 
able  to  walk  a  little  and  is  interested  in  all  you  do  and  say, 

.  1  The  total  amount  received  from  sales  has  been  only  $7,000.  Now,  however,  in  order  to 
give  the  History  the  widest  possible  circulation,  the  price  has  been  so  reduced  as  to  enable 
it  to  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  reading  public.  It  is  the  hope  of  Miss  Anthony  to  publish 
the  fourth  volume  in  the  year  1900,  bringing  the  History  up  to  that  date. 


MANY  TRIPS  FIRST  VOTE  ON  SIXTEENTH  AMENDMENT.  617 


sends  her  love  and  hopes  to  see  you.”  She  spoke  at  Chicago, 
January  13,  in  the  First  Methodist  church,  where  she  was  in¬ 
troduced  by  the  well-known  Rev.  H.  W.  Thomas.1  She  went 
from  there  to  the  Michigan  convention  at  Lansing,  January 

14,  and  here  was  presented  to  the  audience  by  Governor 
Cyrus  G.  Luce. 

She  reached  Washington  January  17,  1887,  and  rushed  the 
preparations  for  the  Nineteenth  National  Convention,  which 
opened  on  the  25th  at  the  Metropolitan  M.  E.  church.  Zerelda 
G.  Wallace  gave  a  noteworthy  address;  Senator  Carey,  of 
Wyoming,  made  an  able  speech  and  Mrs.  Carey  sat  by  Miss 
Anthony  during  the  proceedings.  The  second  day  of  the  con¬ 
vention,  January  26,  marked  a  great  epoch,  the  first  vote  ever 
taken  in  Congress  on  a  Sixteenth  Amendment.  The  previous 
month,  December  8,  1886,  Henry  W.  Blair  had  asked  the 
Senate  to  consider  the  following  joint  resolution  :  “  The 

lights  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  vote  shall  not  be 
denied  or  abridged  by  the  United  States  or  by  any  State  on 
account  of  sex.”  He  supported  this  in  a  long  and  compre¬ 
hensive  speech  covering  the  whole  ground  on  which  the  de¬ 
mand  is  based,  quoting  from  the  favorable  reports  of  the 
judiciary  committees,  exposing  the  weakness  and  fallacy  of  the 
objections,  and  making  an  unanswerable  argument  on  the 
justice  of  granting  political  liberty  to  women. 

At  the  urgent  request  of  opposing  senators  the  matter  had 
been  postponed  until  January  25,  when  it  was  again  called  up 
by  Mr.  Blair.  The  opposition  was  led  by  Joseph  A.  Brown,  of 
Georgia,  who  described  in  detail  the  intentions  of  the  Creator 
when  he  made  woman,  and  declared  that  females  had  not  the 
physical  strength  to  perform  military  duty,  build  railroads, 
raise  crops,  sit  on  juries  or  attend  night  caucuses,  but  that 


At  this  meeting  a  yellow  dog  came  on  the  platform  and  Miss  Anthony  is  quoted  as  after¬ 
wards  making  this  apt  comment:  “She  says  that,  at  least  where  women  are  concerned 
the  reporters  are  sure  to  seize  upon  some  triviality  and  ring  its  changes  to  the  exclusion  of 
serious  matters.  She  mentioned  that  when  she  spoke  in  Chicago  last  a  dog  ran  across  the 
stage  and,  springing  up,  laid  his  nose  on  her  shoulder.  ‘  I  prophesied  to  the  audience  then  ’ 
she  continued,  ‘  that  the  dog  would  figure  in  the  press  reports  more  conspicuously  than 

anything  that  was  said  or  done,  and  so  he  did.  He  occupied  half  of  the  space  in  nearly  every 
paper. 


618 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


God  had  endowed  men  with  strength  and  faculties  for  all  these 
things.  He  stated  that  it  was  a  grave  mistake  to  say  that 
woman  is  taxed  without  being  represented,  and  added,  “It  is 
very  doubtful  whether  the  male  or  the  female  sex  has  more  in¬ 
fluence  in  the  administration  of  the  affairs  of  government  and 
the  enactment  of  laws  !  77  He  asserted  that  “the  baser  class 
of  females  would  rush  to  the  polls,  and  this  would  compel  the 
intelligent,  virtuous  and  refined  females,  including  wives  and 
mothers,  to  relinquish  for  a  time  their  God-given  trust  and  go, 
contrary  to  their  wishes,  to  the  polls  and  vote  to  counteract  the 
other  class  ;  77  and  followed  this  by  saying  that  “  the  ignorant 
female  voters  would  be  at  the  polls  en  masse,  while  the  refined 
and  educated,  shrinking  from  public  contact,  would  remain  at 
home.7’  He  continued  :  “The  ballot  will  not  protect  females 
against  the  tyranny  of  bad  husbands,  as  the  latter  will  compel 
them  to  vote  as  they  dictate;  77  then  in  the  next  breath  he  de¬ 
clared  :  “  Wives  will  form  political  alliances  antagonistic  to 

the  husbands,  and  the  result  will  be  discord  and  divorce.77  In 
his  entire  speech  Senator  Brown  ignored  the  existence  of  un¬ 
married  women  and  widows.  He  closed  with  copious  extracts 
from  “  Letters  from  a  Chimney  Corner,77  written  by  some  Chi¬ 
cago  woman. 

Senator  Dolpli,  of  Oregon,  followed  in  a  clear,  concise  argu¬ 
ment,  brushing  away  these  sophistries  by  showing  that  such 
evils  did  not  exist  where  women  were  enfranchised  and  voted 
at  every  election.  He  was  interrupted  by  Senator  Eustis,  of 
Louisiana,  who  inquired  whether  he  thought  “  it  would  be  a 
decent  spectacle  to  take  a  mother  away  from  her  nursing  in¬ 
fant  and  lock  her  up  all  night  with  a  jury  ?  77  Senator  Dolph 
replied  that  there  was  not  a  judge  in  the  world  who  would  not 
excuse  a  woman  under  such  circumstances,  just  as  there  were 
many  causes  which  exempted  men.  He  continued: 

(government  is  but  organized  society.  ...  It  can  only  derive  its  just 
powers  from  the  consent  of  the  governed,  and  can  be  established  only  under 
a  fundamental  law  which  is  self-imposed.  Every  citizen  of  suitable  age  and 
discretion  has,  in  my  judgment,  a  natural  right  to  participate  in  its  formation. 
The  fathers  of  the  republic  enunciated  the  doctrine  “  that  all  men  are  created 


MANY  TRIPS - FIRST  VOTE  ON  SIXTEENTH  AMENDMENT.  619 


equal ;  that  they  are  endowed  by  their  Creator  with  certain  inalienable  rights. ” 
It  is  strange  that  any  one  in  this  enlightened  age  should  be  found  to  contend 
that  this  is  true  only  of  men,  and  that  a  man  is  endowed  by  his  Creator  with 
inalienable  rights  not  possessed  by  a  woman.  The  lamented  Lincoln  immor¬ 
talized  the  expression  that  ours  is  a  government  “  of  the  people,  by  the  peo¬ 
ple,  and  for  the  people,”  and  yet  in  reality  it  is  far  from  that.  There  can  be  no 
government  by  the  people  where  half  of  them  are  allowed  no  voice  in  its 
organization  and  control.  .  .  .  God  speed  the  day  when  not  only  in  all 

the  States  of  the  Union  and  in  all  the  Territories,  but  everywhere,  woman 
shall  stand  before  the  law  freed  from  the  last  shackle  which  has  been  riveted 
upon  her  by  tyranny,  and  the  last  disability  which  has  been  imposed  upon  her 
by  ignorance ;  not  only  in  respect  to  the  right  of  suffrage,  but  in  every  other 
respect  the  peer  and  equal  of  her  brother,  man. 


Senator  Vest,  of  Missouri,  came  to  the  rescue  of  Senator 
Brown  and  in  the  course  of  his  speech  said  : 

I  pity  the  man  who  can  consider  any  question  affecting  the  influence  of 
woman,  with  the  cold,  dry  logic  of  business.  What  man  can,  without  aver¬ 
sion,  turn  from  the  blessed  memory  of  that  dear  old  grandmother,  or  the 
gentle  words  and  caressing  hand  of  that  blessed  mother  gone  to  the  unknown 
world,  to  face  in  its  stead  the  idea  of  a  female  justice  of  the  peace  or  town¬ 
ship  constable  ?  For  my  part,  I  want  when  I  go  to  my  home— when  I  turn 
from  the  arena  where  man  contends  with  man  for  what  we  call  the  prizes  of 
this  paltry  world— I  want  to  go  back,  not  to  be  received  in  the  masculine  em¬ 
brace  of  some  female  ward  politician,  but  to  the  earnest,  loving  look  and 
touch  of  a  true  woman.  I  want  to  go  back  to  the  jurisdiction  of  the  wife,  the 
mother ;  and  instead  of  a  lecture  upon  finance  or  the  tariff,  or  upon  the  con¬ 
struction  of  the  Constitution,  I  want  those  blessed,  loving  details  of  domestic 
life  and  domestic  love. 

I  have  said  I  would  not  speak  of  the  inconveniences  to  arise  from  woman 
suffrage.  I  care  not  whether  the  mother  is  called  upon  to  decide  as  a  jury¬ 
man,  or  a  jurywoman,  rights  of  property  or  rights  of  life,  whilst  her  baby  is 
“  mewling  and  puking”  in  solitary  confinement  at  home.  There  are  other 
considerations  more  important,  and  one  of  them  to  my  mind  is  insuperable. 

I  speak  now  respecting  women  as  a  sex.  I  believe  that  they  are  better  than 
men,  but  I  do  not  believe  they  are  adapted  to  the  political  work  of  this  world. 

I  do  not  believe  that  the  Great  Intelligence  ever  intended  them  to  invade  the 
sphere  of  work  given  to  men,  tearing  down  and  destroying  all  the  best  influ¬ 
ences  for  which  God  has  intended  them.  The  great  evil  in  this  country  today 
is  emotional  suffrage.  Women  are  essentially  emotional.  What  we  want  in 


620 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


this  country  is  to  avoid  emotional  suffrage,  and  what  we  need  is  to  put  more 
logic  into  public  affairs  and  less  feeling.1 

He  presented  a  remonstrance  against  giving  the  ballot  to 
women,  signed  by  nearly  200  New  England  men,  headed  by 
President  Eliot,  of  Harvard  University,  and  including  nearly 
fifty  names  prefixed  by  “Rev.”  He  next  drew  from  his  budget  a 
letter  from  Clara  T.  Leonard,  of  Boston,  praying  that  the  suf¬ 
frage  should  not  be  granted  to  women,  and  Mr.  Hoar  remarked 
that  the  lady  herself  had  been  holding  public  office  for  a  num¬ 
ber  of  years. 

Continuing  Senator  Vest  said  :  “If  we  are  to  tear  down 
all  the  blessed  traditions,  if  we  are  to  desolate  our  homes  and 
firesides,  if  we  are  to  unsex  our  mothers,  wives  and  sisters, 
and  turn  our  blessed  temples  of  domestic  peace  into  ward 
political  assembly  rooms,  pass  this  joint  resolution  !  ”  He 
now  produced  a  document,  entitled  “  The  Law  of  Woman 
Life.”  and  said:  “This  is  signed  Adeline  D.  T.  Whitney — 
I  can  not  say  whether  she  be  wife  or  mother.  It  contains  not 
one  impure  or  unintellectual  aspiration.  Would  to  God  that 
I  knew  her  so  I  could  thank  her  in  behalf  of  the  society  and 
politics  of  the  United  States.  I  shall  ask  that  it  be  printed, 
as  my  strength  does  not  suffice  for  me  to  read  it.  ”  2  It  proved 
to  be  a  long  and  involved  essay  begging  that  the  ballot  should 
not  be  given  to  women,  and  saying  :  “Are  the  daughters  and 
granddaughters  about  to  leap  the  fence,  leave  their  own 
realm  little  cared  for,  undertake  the  whole  scheme  of  outside 
creation,  or  contest  it  with  the  men  ?  Then  God  help  the  men  ! 
God  save  the  commonwealth  !  ”  Mr.  Vest  concluded  with  a 
blood-curdling  picture  of  the  French  Revolution  which  would 
be  repeated  in  this  country  if  women  were  enfranchised. 

Senator  Blair  then  offered  the  appeal  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  for 
the  ballot,  representing  over  200,000  women,  presented  by  Ze- 
relda  G.  Wallace,  who  had  reared  thirteen  children  and  grand- 

1  Both  Senator  Vest  and  Senator  Brown  had  appealed  wholly  to  the  emotions  in  their 
speeches  upon  this  question,  which  were  overflowing  with  sentiment  and  “  gush.” 

2  This  hardly  corresponds  with  Senator  Brown’s  glowing  description  of  the  physical 
strength  conferred  by  the  Creator  on  man  so  that  he  could  do  the  voting  for  the  family. 


MANY  TRIPS - FIRST  VOTE  ON  SIXTEENTH  AMENDMENT.  621 

children,  among  them  the  author  of  Ben  Hur.  He  submitted 
also  the  matchless  arguments  which  had  been  made  by  the  most 
intellectual  women  of  the  nation  before  the  congressional  com¬ 
mittees  from  year  to  year,  including  that  of  Miss  Anthony  in 
1880,  and  urged  that  the  question  should  be  submitted  to  the 
legislatures  of  the  various  States  for  settlement. 

The  vote  was  taken  on  the  question  of  submitting  a  Sixteenth 
Amendment  to  the  Constitution  to  the  State  legislatures  for 
ratification,  and  resulted  in  16  yeas  and  34  nays,  26  absent.1 
Of  the  affirmative  votes,  all  were  Republican  ;  of  the  negative, 
24  Democratic  and  10  Republican.  Senator  Farwell,  of  Illi¬ 
nois,  was  roundly  denounced  by  the  Chicago  Tribune  for  his 
affirmative  vote.  Senators  Chace,  Dawes  and  Stanford,  who 
weie  paired,  and  Plumb,  who  was  absent,  announced  publicly 
that  they  would  have  voted  “  aye.” 

Over  fifty  of  the  distinguished  women  in  attendance  at  the 
convention  were  in  the  Senate  gallery  during  this  debate.  The 
most  sanguine  of  them  had  not  expected  the  necessary  two- 
thirds,  but  had  worked  to  obtain  a  vote  simply  for  the  prestige 
of  a  discussion  in  the  Senate,  the  printing  of  the  speeches  in 
the  Congressional  Record  and  the  wide  agitation  of  the  ques¬ 
tion  through  the  medium  of  press  and  platform  which  was 
sure  to  follow.  They  felt  especially  incensed  at  Senator  In¬ 
galls,  as  the  sentiment  of  his  State  had  just  shown  itself  to  be 
overwhelmingly  in  favor  of  woman  suffrage,  and  they  did  not 
hesitate  to  score  him  in  public  and  in  private.  As  soon  as  the 
news  of  the  vote  reached  the  convention  Miss  Anthony  roundly 
denounced  him  from  the  platform.  In  the  evening  she  re¬ 
ceived  a  note  from  him  saying  :  “  Will  you  do  me  the  favor 

to  designate  an  hour  at  which  it  would  be  convenient  for  you 
to  give  me  a  brief  interview  ?  ”  She  did  not  answer,  and  on  the 

1  Yeas:  Blair  Bowen,  Cheney,  Conger,  Cullom,  Dolph,  Farwell,  Hoar,  Manderson,  Mitch¬ 
ell  of  Oregon,  Mitchell  of  Pennsylvania,  Palmer,  Platt,  Sherman,  Teller,  Wilson  of  Iowa 
Nays:  Beck,  Berry,  Blackburn,  Brown,  Call,  Cockrell,  Coke, Colquitt,  Eustis,  Evarts,  George* 
Gray,  Hampton,  Harris,  Hawley,  Ingalls,  Jones  of  Nevada,  McMillan,  McPherson,  Malione’ 
Morgan,  Morrill,  Payne,  Pugh,  Saulsbury,  Sawyer,  Sewell,  Spooner,  Vance,  Vest,  Walthall 
Whitthorne,  Williams,  Wilson  of  Maryland.  Absent:  Aldrich,  Allison,  Butler,  Frye,  Gibson! 
Gorman,  Miller,  Plumb,  Ransom,  Camden,  Cameron,  Chace,  Dawes,  Edmunds  Fair  Hale 
Harrison,  Jones  of  Arkansas,  Jones  of  Florida,  Kenna,  Maxey,  Riddleberger,  Sabin’  Stan¬ 
ford,  Van  Wyck,  Voorhees. 


622 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


31st  she  received  another:  "  I  called  Thursday  and  Friday 
mornings,  but  was  not  able  to  reach  you  with  my  card.  My 
errand  was  personal  and  I  hope  I  may  be  more  fortunate  when 
you  are  again  in  the  city.”  When  she  did  see  him  she  found 
his  purpose  was  to  declare  a  truce,  which  she  declined,  as  he 
already  had  done  the  cause  all  the  harm  possible  for  him. 

From  Washington  Miss  Anthony  went  to  assist  at  a  conven¬ 
tion  in  Philadelphia,  and  “  felt  guilty  for  days,”  she  says  in 
her  diary,  because  she  refused  to  go  on  to  Connecticut.  She 
enjoyed  a  brief  visit  with  Professor  Maria  Mitchell  at  Vassar 
College  ;  and  hastened  to  Albany  to  address  the  legislature  in 
regard  to  the  Constitutional  Convention,  “  just  as  I  did  twenty 
years  ago  in  the  old  Capitol,”  she  writes.  Then  back  to  Wash¬ 
ington  to  look  after  matters  there,  and  thus  on  and  on,  never 
allowing  herself  to  be  delayed  by  weather,  fatigue  or  social  de¬ 
mands,  month  after  month,  year  after  year,  with  but  one  object 
in  view,  never  losing  sight  of  it  for  a  moment,  and  making  all 
else  subservient  to  this  single  purpose. 

In  April  she  was  terribly  distressed  at  the  malicious  false¬ 
hoods  which  were  sent  out  from  Leavenworth  in  regard  to  the 
first  voting  of  the  women  in  Kansas,  and  says,  “  It  will  take 
oceans  of  breath  and  ink  to  counteract  the  baneful  effects.” 
On  May  11,  1887,  Frances  E.  Willard  wrote  her  :  “  Will  you 

please  send  me  the  form  of  resolution  which  would  be  the  least 
that  would  satisfy  you  as  a  plank  in  the  platform  of  the  Prohi¬ 
bition  party,  or  as  a  resolution  to  be  adopted  by  the  W.  C.  T. 
U.?  I  write  this  without  authorization  from  any  quarter, 
simply  because  I  would  like  to  find  out  what  is  the  angle  of 
vision  along  which  you  are  looking.”  To  this  Miss  Anthony 
replied  : 

What  is  the  full  significance  of  “  would  satisfy  you  ?  ”  Do  you  mean  so  sat¬ 
isfy  me  that  I  would  work,  and  recommend  all  women  to  work,  for  the  suc¬ 
cess  of  the  Third  party  ticket?  Or  do  you  mean  the  least  that  I  think  it 
should  say  for  its  own  sake?  If  the  first,  I  am  not  sure  that  the  fullest  en¬ 
dorsement  would  cause  me  to  throw  all  my  sympathies  and  efforts  into  line 
with  the  Prohibition  party,  any  more  than  if  the  same  full  suffrage  plank 
should  be  put  into  the  platform  of  the  great  Labor  or  Fourth  party,  which  is 
pretty  sure  to  take  part  in  the  presidential  contest  of  1888. 


MANY  TRIPS - FIRST  VOTE  ON  SIXTEENTH  AMENDMENT.  623 

lean  not  answer  for  others,  but  I  shall  not  pray  or  speak  or  work  for  the  de¬ 
feat  of  the  nominees  of  the  party  of  which  every  U nited  States  Senator  who  voted 
for  us  last  winter  is  a  leading  member,  and  to  which  belongs  every  man  but  six 
in  the  Kansas  Legislature  who  made  the  overwhelming  vote  giving  munic¬ 
ipal  suffrage  to  the  women  of  that  State.  .  Not  until  a  third  party  gets  into 
power  or  is  likely  to  do  so,  which  promises  a  larger  per  cent,  of  representa¬ 
tives  on  the  floor  of  Congress  and  in  the  several  State  legislatures  who  will 
speak  and  vote  for  woman’s  enfranchisement,  than  does  the  Republican, 
shall  I  work  for  it.  You  see,  as  yet  there  is  not  a  single  Prohibitionist  in  Con¬ 
gress,  while  there  are  at  least  twenty  Republicans  on  the  floor  of  the  United 
States  Senate,  besides  fully  one-half  of  the  members  of  the  House  of  Repre¬ 
sentatives,  who  are  in  favor  of  woman  suffrage.  For  thewromenof  Kansas  or 
Iowa  to  work  for  any  third  party  would  be  ungrateful  and  suicidal. 

Since  I  hope  to  live  to  see  a  Sixteenth  Amendment  Bill  through  Congress 
and  three-foui ths  of  the  State  legislatures,  I  do  not  propose  to  work  for  the 
defeat  of  the  party  which  thus  far  has  furnished  nearly  every  vote  in  that 
direction.  If  you  will  pardon  me,  I  think  it  will  be  quite  as  suicidal  a  policy 
for  the  temperance  women  of  the  nation  to  work  to  defeat  the  party  which 
contains  so  nearly  all  of  their  best  friends  and  helpers.  What  it  seems  to  me 
should  be  done  by  all  women  who  want  reforms  in  legislation,  is  to  appoint 
committees  to  confer  with  leading  Republicans  asking  them  to  make  pledges 
in  the  direction  of  suffrage  and  temperance,  with  the  assurance  of  our  sup¬ 
port  in  case  of  the  insertion  of  the  planks  we  ask  in  their  platform.  I 
fear,  however,  you  are  already  pledged  to  the  Third  party,  come  what  may, 
and  if  so  it  is  of  no  use  for  me  to  advise.1 

In  May  Miss  Anthony  again  journeyed  westward,  though 
she  says  in  her  diary  :  “  It  never  was  harder  for  me  to  start. 

A  heavy  nothingness  is  upon  head  and  heart.  ”  She  went  first  to 
the  State  Suffrage  Convention  at  Indianapolis,  where  as  usual 
she  was  a  guest  in  the  beautiful  home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sewall.  A 
reception  was  given  her  at  the  Bates  House  and  she  was  cor¬ 
dially  greeted  by  several  hundred  ladies.  She  went  to  meet¬ 
ings  at  Evansville,  Richmond  and  Lafayette,  and  then  to  the 
Ohio  convention  at  Cleveland  ;  here,  as  always,  the  guest  of 
her  loved  friend,  Louisa  South  worth. 

She  writes  May  26  :  “  Arrived  home  at  8  p.  m.  and  found  all 
well — the  all  consisting  of  sister  Mary,  the  only  one  left.” 
She  was  invited  to  meet  with  a  large  and  conservative  society 
of  women  who  did  not  believe  in  equal  suffrage.  All  made 
nice  little  addresses  and  when  Miss  Anthony  was  called  on  she 
said  :  “  Ladies,  you  have  been  doing  here  today  what  I  and  a 

1  The  skeptical  can  not  but  wonder  whether  the  Republican  party  ever  will  have  the 
grace  and  wisdom  to  justify  the  confidence  which  Miss  Anthony  has  steadfastly  placed  in 
it,  as  regards  this  question,  from  the  day  of  its  birth. 


624 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


few  other  women  were  denounced  as  ‘unsexed’  for  doing 
thirty  years  ago — speaking  in  public  and  then  proceeded  to 
point  the  moral.  She  attended  the  commencement  exercises 
of  a  young  ladies’  seminary,  whose  principal  would  not  ac¬ 
knowledge  a  handsome  gift  from  her  pupils  by  a  few  remarks 
because  she  “  considered  it  would  look  too  strong-minded.” 
Miss  Anthony  comments  on  the  graduates’  essays  :  “They  had 
as  much  originality  as  Baedecker’s  Guide-book.” 

In  July  she  went  as  the  guest  of  her  friend  Adeline  Thom¬ 
son,  of  Philadelphia,  for  two  weeks  at  Cape  May  and  here  had 
her  first  experience  in  sea-bathing,  although  she  always  had 
lived  within  a  short  distance  of  the  ocean.  She  says  :  “  This  is 
my  first  seaside  dissipation.  It  seems  very  odd  to  be  one  of 
the  giddy  summer  resort  people  !  ”  She  took  Miss  Thomson 
with  her  up  into  the  Berkshire  hills  of  northwestern  Massa¬ 
chusetts  to  Adams,  her  birthplace,  and  visited  the  home  of  her 
grandfather.  In  the  early  days  of  her  peregrinations  she  used 
to  come  often  to  this  picturesque  spot,  but  it  now  had  been 
twenty  years  since  her  last  visit.  Time  does  not  bring  many 
changes  to  the  New  England  nooks  or  the  people  who  live  in 
them,  and  she  greatly  enjoyed  the  nine  days  spent  with  uncles, 
aunts  and  cousins,  exploring  the  well-remembered  spots. 
They  went  from  here  to  Magnolia  for  a  two  weeks’  visit  at 
the  seaside  cottage  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  Purinton,  of  Lynn, 
Mass.  At  this  time,  in  answer  to  a  request  for  advice,  Miss 
Anthony  wrote  to  Olympia  Brown  and  Mrs.  Almedia  Gray,  of 
Wisconsin  : 

I  have  your  letters  relative  to  bringing  suits  under  the  school  suffrage  law, 
and  hasten  to  say  to  you  that  Mrs.  Minor’s  and  my  own  experience  in  both 
suing  and  being  sued  on  the  Fourteenth  Amendment  claim  leads  me  to 
beseech  you  not  to  make  a  test  case  unless  you  know  you  will  get  the  broadest 
decision  upon  it.  If  you  get  the  narrow  one  restricting  the  present  law  sim¬ 
ply  to  school-district  voting,  there  it  will  rest  and  no  judge  or  inspector  will 
transcend  the  limit  of  the  decision.  My  judgment  would  be  to  say  and  do 
nothing  about  the  law,  but  through  the  year  keep  up  the  educational  work, 
showing  that  such  and  such  cities  allowed  women  to  vote  for  mayor,  common 
council,  etc.,  and  by  the  next  election  many  others  will  let  women  vote;  and 
so  in  a  few  years  all  will  follow  suit.  Let  what  you  have  alone  and  try  for 
more ;  for  all  your  legislature  has  power  to  give.  It  will  be  vastly  more  likely 
to  grant  municipal  suffrage  than  your  supreme  court  will  be  to  give  a  decision 


MANY  TRIPS - FIRST  VOTE  ON  SIXTEENTH  AMENDMENT.  625 

that  the  school  law  already  allows  women  to  vote  lor  mayor,  council,  gover¬ 
nor,  etc. 

They  thought  best,  however,  to  bring  the  suits  ;  the  exact 
results  which  were  predicted  followed,  and  the  school  suffrage 
even  was  restricted  until  it  was  practically  worthless. 

Duiing  this  summer  Miss  Anthony  undertook  to  arrange 
her  many  years’  accumulation  of  letters,  clippings,  etc.,  and 
knowing  her  reluctance  ever  to  destroy  a  single  scrap,  Mrs. 
Stanton  wrote  from  Paris :  Mam  glad  to  hear  that  you  have 
at  last  settled  down  to  look  over  those  awful  papers.  It  is 
well  I  am  not  with  you.  I  fear  we  should  fight  every  blessed 
minute  ovei  the  destruction  of  Tom,  Dick  and  Harry’s  epistles 
Unless  Mary,  on  the  sly,  sticks  them  in  the  stove  when  your 
back  is  turned,  you  will  never  diminish  the  pile  during  your 
mortal  life.  (Make  the  most  of  my  hint,  dear  Mary.)”  It  is 

safe  to  say  it  was  just  as  large  at  the  end  of  the  examination  as 
at  the  beginning. 

In  September,  1887,  Miss  Anthony  again  made  a  circuit  of 
conventions  in  every  congressional  district  in  Wisconsin  and 
then  turned  her  attention  to  Kansas.  The  officers  of  the  State 
association  had  arranged  a  series  of  conventions  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  demanding  a  constitutional  amendment  conferring  full 
suffrage  on  women.  Miss  Anthony,  with  Mrs.  Johns,  Mrs. 
Letitia  V.  Watkins,  State  organizer,  Rev.  Anna  Shaw  and 
Rachel  Foster,  gave  the  month  of  October  to  this  canvass.  Sen¬ 
ator  Ingalls,  in  a  speech  at  Abilene,  had  attempted  to  defend 
his  vote  in  the  Senate  against  the  Sixteenth  Amendment,  and 
Miss  Anthony  took  this  as  a  text  for  the  campaign.  She  had 
ample  material  for  the  excoriating  which  she  gave  him  in 
every  district  in  Kansas,  as  the  Senator  had  declared :  1st, 
that  suffrage  was  neither  a  natural  nor  a  constitutional  right, 
but  a  privilege  conferred  by  the  State;  2d,  that  no  citizens 
should  be  allowed  to  participle  in  the  formation  of  legisla¬ 
tures  or  the  enactment  of  laws,  who  could  not  enforce  their 
action  at  the  point  of  a  bayonet;  3d,  that  no  immigrants 
should  be  allowed  to  enter  the  United  States  from  any  country 

on  earth  for  the  next  twenty-five  years  ;  4th,  that  negro  suf- 
Ant. — 40 


626 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


frage  had  been  an  absolute  and  unqualified  failure  ;  5th,  that 
while  there  were  thousands  of  women  vastly  more  competent 
than  men  to  vote  upon  questions  of  morality,  they  never  should 
be  allowed  to  do  so- — simply  because  they  were  women. 

It  hardly  need  be  said  that  Miss  Anthony  found  little  diffi¬ 
culty  in  reducing  to  tatters  these  so-called  arguments,  and  that 
her  audiences  were  in  hearty  sympathy.  To  borrow  her  own 
expression,  she  “  tried  to  use  him  up  so  there  was  not  an  inch 
of  ground  under  his  feet.”  When  the  convention  was  held  at 
Atchison  Mrs.  Ingalls  invited  sixteen  of  the  ladies  to  a  hand¬ 
some  luncheon,  where  the  senator  placed  Miss  Anthony  at  his 
right  hand  and  made  her  the  guest  of  honor.  She  proposed 
that  he  debate  the  question  of  woman  suffrage  with  her  but  he 
refused  on  the  ground  that  he  could  not  attack  a  woman,  so 
she  served  up  this  objection  in  her  speech  that  evening.  To  a 
reporter  he  is  said  to  have  given  the  reason  that  he  “  would 
not  stoop  to  the  intellectual  level  of  a  woman.” 

The  month  of  November  was  given  to  holding  a  two  days’ 
convention  in  each  of  the  thirteen  congressional  districts  of 
Indiana.  These  meetings  were  arranged  by  the  State  secretary, 
Mrs.  Ida  H.  Harper,  and  the  strong  force  of  speakers,  Miss 
Anthony,  Mrs.  Wallace,  Mrs.  Sewall  and  Mrs.  Gougar,  aroused 
great  enthusiasm  and  made  many  converts.1  This  ended  three 
months  of  constant  travelling  and  speaking  almost  every  day  and 
evening.  On  the  first  of  December  Miss  Anthony  writes  :  “I 
have  laid  me  down  to  sleep  in  a  new  bed  nearly  every  night  of 
this  entire  time.” 

But  the  10th  found  her  in  Washington  fresh  and  vigorous  for 
the  work  of  the  coming  winter.  She  was  anxious  to  know  whether 
the  reports  of  the  Senate  debate  had  been  franked  and  sent  out  as 
promised  and,  to  her  inquiry,  Senator  Blair  answered  with  his 
usual  little  joke  :  “I  have  had  the  speeches,  etc.,  attended  to 
and  trust  that  the  mails  will  do  you  justice  if  the  males  do 
not.  But  remember  that  men  naturally  fight  for  their  lives, 
and  on  the  same  principle,  you  shall  for  yours  !” 

Conventions  were  held  at  Evansville,  Vincennes,  Bloomington,  Kokomo,  Logansport, 
Wabash,  Lafayette,  South  Bend,  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie,  Anderson,  Madison  and  New  Albany. 
The  largest  of  the  series  was  at  Terre  Haute,  where  the  opera  house,  donated  by  the  citizens, 
was  crowded  both  evenings  with  an  audience  representing  the  culture  and  intelligence  of  the 
city,  and  the  convention  was  welcomed  by  the  mayor,  Jacob  C.  Kolsom. 


CHAPTER  XXXV. 


UNION  OF  ASSOCIATIONS - INTERNATIONAL  COUNCIL. 

1888. 

PRECEDING  chapter  described  the  forming  in 
1869  of  the  American  Woman  Suffrage  Associa¬ 
tion  at  Cleveland,  0.,  the  overtures  for  union  by 
the  National  Association  the  next  year,  and 
their  rejection.  No  further  efforts  were  made 
and  each  body  continued  to  work  in  its  own  way.  At  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  American  Association  in  Philadelphia, 
October  31,  1887,  the  following  resolution  from  the  business 
committee  was  unanimously  adopted  : 

Whereas,  The  woman  suffragists  of  the  United  States  were  all  united  until 
1868  in  the  American  Equal  Rights  Association ;  and  whereas,  The  causes  of 
the  subsequent  separation  into  the  National  and  American  Woman  Suffrage 
Societies  have  since  been  largely  removed  by  the  adoption  of  common  princi¬ 
ples  and  methods ;  therefore 

Resolved,  That  Mrs.  Lucy  Stone  be  appointed  a  committee  of  one  from  the 
American  Woman  Suffrage  Association  to  confer  with  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony 
of  the  National  and,  if  on  conference  it  seems  desirable,  that  she  be  author¬ 
ized  and  empowered  to  appoint  a  committee  of  this  association  to  meet  a  simi¬ 
lar  committee  appointed  by  the  National  to  consider  a  satisfactory  basis  of 
union,  and  refer  it  back  to  the  executive  committee  of  both  associations  for 
final  action.  Henry  B.  Blackwell, 

Corresponding  Secretary ,  A.  W.  S.  A. 

After  conferring  with  the  officers  of  the  National  Associa¬ 
tion,  Miss  Anthony  informed  Mrs.  Stone  that  she  would  meet 
her  in  Philadelphia  any  time  until  December  9,  and  after  that 
in  Washington.  She  replied  that  she  was  not  able  to  travel 
even  so  far  as  Philadelphia  and,  after  some  correspondence, 
Miss  Anthony  agreed  to  go  to  Boston.  On  the  afternoon  of 

(627) 


628 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


December  21,  1887,  accompanied  by  Rachel  Foster,  corre¬ 
sponding  secretary  of  the  National,  she  met  Mrs.  Stone  and 
Alice  Stone  Blackwell,  at  No.  3  Park  street,  Boston,  and  held 
an  extended  conference  in  regard  to  the  proposed  union.  Two 
days  later  Mrs.  Stone  sent  to  Miss  Anthony,  who  was  still  in 
that  city,  the  following  : 

In  thinking  over  the  points  raised  at  our  informal  conference,  it  seems  to 
me  that  the  substantial  outcome  is  this :  The  committees  appointed  by  us 
respectively,  if  we  conclude  to  appoint  them,  must  each  agree  upon  a  common 
name,  a  common  constitution  and  a  common  list  of  officers  for  the  first  year. 
A  subsequent  acceptance  of  these  by  each  association  will  thereafter  consti¬ 
tute  the  two  societies  one  society.  If  you  think  there  is  a  fair  probability  of 
coming  to  an  agreement  I  will  proceed  to  appoint  my  committee. 

As  the  formal  overtures  for  union  have  come  from  the  American  Associa¬ 
tion,  it  will  be  appropriate  that  our  committee  should  draw  up  the  plan  for 
union  which  appears  to  them  the  most  feasible,  and  forward  it  to  Miss  Foster, 
to  be  submitted  to  yours.  Then  your  committee  will  suggest  such  modifica¬ 
tions  as  they  may  think  needful ;  and,  if  a  mutually  satisfactory  result  can  be 
reached,  the  name,  constitution  and  list  of  officers  will  go  to  the  executive 
committee  of  each  association  for  final  action. 

Christmas  Day  Miss  Blackwell  sent  to  Miss  Foster  a  compre¬ 
hensive  plan  for  a  union  of  the  two  societies,  closing  as  fol¬ 
lows :  ‘'Since  many  members  of  the  National  society  regard 
Mrs.  Stone  as  the  cause  of  the  division,  and  many  members  of 
the  American  regard  Mrs.  Stanton  and  Miss  Anthony  as  the 
cause  of  it,  Mrs.  Stone  suggested  that  it  would  greatly  promote 
a  harmonious  union,  for  those  three  ladies  to  agree  in  advance 
that  none  of  them  would  take  the  presidency  of  the  united  as¬ 
sociation.’  ’  Early  in  January  this  formal  announcement  and 
letter  were  sent  to  Miss  Foster  : 

The  committee  of  the  National  to  sit  in  counsel  with  that  of  the  seven  ap¬ 
pointed  by  Lucy  Stone,  of  the  American,  shall  be:  May  Wright  Sewall, 
Chairman,  Harriette  R.  Shattuck,  Olympia  Brown,  Helen  M.  Gougar,  Laura  M. 
Johns,  Clara  B.  Colby,  Rachel  G.  Foster,  Secretary} 

I  hope  all  will  sink  personalities  and  exalt  principles,  seeking  only  the  best 
good  for  woman’s  enfranchisement,  and  that  surely  will  come  through  the 
union  of  all  the  friends  of  woman  suffrage  into  one  great  and  grand  national 

1  To  these  afterwards  were  added  from  the  executive  committee,  Isabella  Beecher  Hooker, 
Chairman ,  Matilda  Joslyn  Gage,  Mary  B.  Clay,  Sarah  M.  Perkins,  Lillie  Devereux  Blake,' 
Mary  F.  Eastman,  Clara  Neymann,  Elizabeth  Boynton  Harbert. 


UNION  OF  ASSOCIATIONS - INTERNATIONAL  COUNCIL.  629 

association  which  shall  enable  them  to  present  a  solid  front  to  the  enemy. 
This  must  be  based  on  the  principle  of  a  genuine  democracy,  which  shall 
give  to  each  of  its  members  a  voice  in  all  its  deliberations,  either  in  person  or 
through  representatives  chosen  by  them,  and  to  a  constitution  thus  based  I  am 
sure  each  of  my  seven  chosen  ones  will  contribute  her  aid.  Hoping  that  a 
consolidation  of  all  our  forces  will  be  the  result  of  this  overture  from  Lucy 
Stone  and  her  society,  I  am,  very  sincerely,  Susan  B.  Anthony. 

On  January  18,  Miss  Foster  received  from  Miss  Blackwell 
the  list  of  the  conference  committee  appointed  by  Mrs.  Stone  : 
Julia  Ward  Howe,  Chairman,  Wm.  Dudley  Foulke,  Margaret 
W.  Campbell,  Anna  H.  Shaw,  Mary  F.  Thomas,  H.  M. 
Tracy  Cutler,  Henry  B.  Blackwell,  Secretary . 

Miss  Anthony  again  wrote  Miss  Foster:  “  I  can  not  think 
of  any  stipulation  I  wish  to  make  the  basis  of  union  save  that 
wt  unite,  and  after  that  discuss  all  measures  and  ways  and 
means,  officers  and  newspapers,  and  cheerfully  accept  and 
abide  by  the  rule  of  the  majority.  I  do  not  wish  to  exact  any 
pledges  from  Lucy  Stone  and  her  adherents,  nor  can  I  give 
any  foi  Mis.  Stanton  and  her  followers.  When  united  we 
must  trust  to  the  good  sense  of  each,  just  as  we  have  trusted 
duiing  the  existence  of  the  division.  As  Greeley  said  about 

resuming  specie  payment,  ‘  the  way  to  unite  is  to  unite  ’  and 
trust  the  consequences.  ” 

It  is  not  essential  for  the  completeness  of  this  work  to  re¬ 
produce  in  detail  the  official  proceedings,  which  extended 
through  two  years  and  caused  Miss  Anthony  often  to  write, 

I  shall  be  glad  when  this  frittering  away  of  time  on  mere 
forms  is  past.  A  basis  of  agreement  finally  was  reached,  and 
the  union  was  piactically  completed  at  the  National  Conven¬ 
tion  which  met  in  Washington,  January  21,  1889.  A  commit¬ 
tee  of  thirteen  was  selected  to  confer  with  the  committee  from 
the  American.  This  consisted  of  Miss  Anthony  and  Mesdames 
Hooker,  Minor,  Duniway,  Johns,  Sewall,  Perkins,  Colby, 
Spofford,  Brown,  Blake,  Gougar  and  Foster  Avery.  The  Wo¬ 
man’s  Tribune  thus  described  the  result : 

At  the  business  session,  January  24, 1889,  they  reported  in  substance  as  fol¬ 
lows  : 


630 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Name,  etc. — The  association  to  be  called  the  National- American  W.  S.  A. 
The  annual  convention  to  be  held  at  Washington. 

Chronology. — The  next  annual  meeting  of  the  joint  society  to  be — as  it 
would  be  for  the  National — the  twenty-second  annual  Washington  conven¬ 
tion. 

Work. — To  be  for  National  and  State  legislation  protecting  women  in  the 
exercise  of  their  right  to  vote. 

Representation. — As  provided  in  the  new  National  constitution. 

Where  two  associations  exist  in  one  State  and  will  not  unite,  both  are  to  be 
accepted  as  auxiliary  societies. 

An  earnest  debate  followed.  Miss  Anthony  threw  her  influence  strongly  in 
favor  of  union  and  carried  many  with  her,  even  those  who  openly  expressed 
themselves  that  their  judgment  would  be  to  continue  the  two  societies.  The 
vote  was  then  taken  on  union,  thirty  voting  for,  eleven  against. 

Miss  Alice  Stone  Blackwell  and  Rev.  Anna  H.  Shaw  were  present  on  be¬ 
half  of  the  American  Association,  accepted  the  deviations  from  the  proposi¬ 
tions  as  presented  by  that  association,  and  felt  reasonably  certain  that  it 
would  endorse  their  action. 


No  one  person  contributed  so  much  toward  effecting  the 
union  of  these  two  societies  as  Alice  Stone  Blackwell.  On 
February  17,  1890,  both  bodies  met  inWashington  and  it  was 
decided  that  the  official  boards  of  the  two  should  form  the  vot¬ 
ing  force  until  the  joint  temporary  organization  was  completed. 
Councils  were  held  in  the  great  parlor  and  dining-room  of  the 
Riggs  House.  Both  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Stanton  had  been 
willing,  from  the  beginning  of  negotiations,  to  accept  the  prop¬ 
osition  of  the  Americans  that  neither  one  of  them,  nor  Lucy 
Stone,  should  take  the  presidency  of  the  united  association, 
but  from  the  Nationals  in  every  part  of  the  country  came  a 
csy  of  dissent.  Letters  poured  in  declaring  that  Miss  Anthony 
and  Mrs.  Stanton  had  borne  the  brunt  of  the  battle  for  forty 
years,  that  they  had  not  once  lowered  the  flag  or  made  the 
question  of  woman  suffrage  subservient  to  any  other,  that  they 
were  the  head  and  heart  of  the  movement,  and  that  for  them 


UNION  OF  ASSOCIATIONS- — INTERNATIONAL  COUNCIL.  .  631 


to  be  deposed  was  out  of  the  question.1  It  soon  became  evi¬ 
dent  that  unless  this  point  were  conceded  all  hope  of  union 
would  have  to  be  banished.  While  most  of  the  delegates 
agreed  that,  in  respect  to  seniority  in  years  and  work  and  also 
in  consideration  of  her  commanding  ability,  Mrs.  Stanton 
shoild  be  president,  there  were  many  who  thought  that, 
because  of  her  advanced  age  and  the  fact  that  she  spent  most 
of  ler  time  abroad,  it  would  be  better  to  elect  Miss  Anthony. 
The  latter  was  distracted  by  such  a  thought  and  at  the  final 
mee  ing  of  National  delegates  preliminary  to  the  joint  conven¬ 
tion,  with  all  the  earnestness  of  her  strong  nature  and  in  a 
voice  vibrating  with  emotion,  she  said  : 

I  ajpeal  to  every  woman  who  has  any  affection  for  the  old  National  or  for 
me  n<t  to  vote  for  Susan  B.  Anthony  for  president.  I  stand  in  a  delicate 
position.  I  have  letters  which  accuse  me  of  having  favored  the  union  solely 
for  pesonal  and  selfish  considerations,  and  of  trying  to  put  Mrs.  Stanton  out. 
Now  that  I  have  to  say  is,  don’t  vote  for  any  human  being  but  Mrs.  Stanton. 
Thereare  other  reasons  why  I  wish  her  elected,  but  I  have  these  personal 
ones :  When  the  division  was  made  twenty  years  ago,  it  was  because  our 
platfom  was  too  broad,  because  Mrs.  Stanton  was  too  radical;  a  more  con- 
ser valve  organization  was  wanted.  If  we  Nationals  divide  now  and  Mrs. 
Stantn  is  deposed  from  the  presidency,  we  virtually  degrade  her.  If  you 
have  my  love  for  our  old  association,  which,  from  the  beginning,  has  stood 
like  i  rock  in  regard  to  creeds  and  politics,  demanding  that  every  woman 
shoul  be  allowed  to  come  upon  our  platform  to  plead  for  her  freedom— if 
you  hve  any  faith  in  that  grand  principle— vote  for  Mrs.  Stanton.  .  .  . 

Tin  National  always  has  allowed  the  utmost  liberty.  Anything  and  every- 
thingwhich  stood  in  the  way  of  progress  was  likely  to  get  knocked  off  our 
platfrm.  I  want  every  one  who  claims  to  be  a  National  to  continue  to  stand 
for  tls  principle.  We  have  come  now  to  another  turning-point  and,  if  it  is 
necesary,  I  will  fight  forty  years  more  to  make  our  platform  free  for  the 
Chriaan  to  stand  upon  whether  she  be  a  Catholic  and  counts  her  beads,  or  a 
Protetant  of  the  straitest  orthodox  creed,  just  as  I  have  fought  for  the  rights 
of  th  infidels  the  last  forty  years.  These  are  the  principles  I  want  you  to 
maintin,  that  our  platform  may  be  kept  as  broad  as  the  universe,  that  upon 
it  ma;  stand  the  representatives  of  all  creeds  and  no  creeds — Jew  or  Christian, 
Prote,ant  or  Catholic,  Gentile  or  Mormon,  pagan  or  atheist. 

1  Ma7  letters  are  on  file  making  these  declarations.  It  is  not  practicable  to  quote  them 
here,  bt  a  place  may  be  made  for  an  extract  from  that  of  Zerelda  G.  Wallace  to  Miss  An¬ 
thony  :  ‘While  they  do  not  under-estimate  the  work  of  any  of  the  pioneers,  the  hearts  of  the 
women  11  over  the  country  are  turning  to  you.  They  feel  that  they  are  yours,  and  you  are 
theirs.  The  suffrage  women  look  to  you  with  as  much  loyalty  and  affection  as  the  temper¬ 
ance  wmen  to  Miss  Willard.  There  are  thousands  of  them  who  would  rally  around  you 
with  aBnthusiasm  which  no  one  else  can  inspire.  You  will  do  me  the  credit  to  believe  that 
I  spea]sole!y  for  the  good  of  the  work  to  which  you  have  given  your  life.” 


632 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


At  the  joint  executive  session  after  the  union  was  formally 
declared  to  be  consummated,  the  vote  was  :  For  president, 
Mrs.  Stanton,  131  ;  Miss  Anthony,  90  ;  for  vice-president-ai- 
large,  Miss  Anthony,  213.  Lucy  Stone  was  unanimously 
elected  chairman  of  the  executive  committee ;  Rachel  Foster 
Avery,  corresponding  secretary ;  Alice  Stone  Blackwell,  re¬ 
cording  secretary  j1  Jane  H.  Spofford,  treasurer ;  Eliza  T. 
Ward  and  Rev.  Frederick  W.  Hinckley,  auditors.  This  uniting 
of  the  two  associations  was  begun  in  1887  and  finished  in  H90, 
in  the  most  thoroughly  official  manner,  according  to  the  nost 
highly  approved  parliamentary  methods,  and  the  final  rlsult 
was  satisfactory  to  a  large  majority  of  the  members  of  both 
societies,  who  since  that  time  have  worked  together  in  un¬ 
broken  harmony. 

The  action  of  the  American  Association  was  almost  uiani- 
mous,  but  the  members  of  the  Rational  were  widely  divded. 
Letters  of  protest  were  received  from  many  States,  and  several 
of  its  members  attempted  to  form  new  organizations.  Tlr  ex¬ 
ecutive  sessions  in  Washington  were  the  most  stormy  ir  the 
history  of  the  association,  and  only  the  unsurpassed  padia- 
mentary  knowledge  of  the  chairman,  May  Wright  Sefall, 
aided  by  the  firm  co-operation  of  Miss  Anthony,  could  lave 
harmonized  the  opposing  elements  and  secured  a  majority yote 
in  favor  of  the  union.  There  had  been  no  time  during  the 
twenty  years’  division  when  Miss  Anthony  was  not  reacy  to 
sink  all  personal  feeling  and  unite  the  two  societies  foithe 
sake  of  promoting  the  cause  which  she  placed  before  all  els  in 
the  world;  and  from  the  first  prospect  of  combining  the  foces, 
she  used  every  effort  toward  its  accomplishment.  It  was  a  scirce 
of  especial  gratification  that  this  was  practically  assured  b]the 
winter  of  1888,  when  the  International  Council  of  Womeimet 
in  Washington,  as  it  enabled  the  American  Association  t  ac¬ 
cept  the  invitation  and  send  representatives  to  this  greafcon- 
vocation — which  will  now  be  considered. 

It  had  long  been  the  dream  of  Miss  Anthony  and  ilrs. 

’Mrs.  Avery  and  Miss  Blackwell  have  continued  ever  since  to  fill  these  positions  Dst  ac¬ 
ceptably  to  the  association. 


\ 


UNION  OF  ASSOCIATIONS - INTERNATIONAL  COUNCIL.  633 

Stanton  to  form  an  International  Suffrage  Association  for  pur¬ 
poses  of  mutual  helpfulness  and  the  strength  of  co-operation. 
During  1883,  when  in  Great  Britain,  they  discussed  this  sub¬ 
ject  with  the  women  there  and,  as  a  result,  a  large  committee 
of  correspondence  had  been  established  to  promote  the  forming 
of  such  an  association.  After  a  time  it  was  judged  expedient 
to  enlarge  its  scope  and  make  it  an  International  Council, 
which  should  represent  every  department  of  woman’s  work. 
This  was  called  to  meet  at  Washington  in  1888,  the  fortieth 
anniversary  of  the  first  organized  demand  for  the  rights  of 
women,  the  convention  at  Seneca  Falls,  and  active  prepara¬ 
tions  had  been  in  progress  for  more  than  a  year.  It  was  de¬ 
cided  at  the  suffrage  convention  held  the  previous  winter  that 
the  National  Association  should  assume  the  entire  responsi¬ 
bility  for  this  International  Council  and  should  invite  the  par¬ 
ticipation  of  all  organizations  of  women  in  the  trades,  profes¬ 
sions,  reforms,  etc. 

Mrs.  Stanton  and  Mrs.  Spofford  were  in  Europe  and  this 
herculean  task  was  borne  principally  by  Miss  Anthony,  May 
Wright  Sewall  and  Rachel  Foster.1  Miss  Anthony  stayed  in 
Washington  for  two  months  preceding  the  council,  perfecting 
the  last  arrangements.  The  amount  of  labor,  time,  thought 
and  anxiety  involved  in  this  year  of  preparation  can  not  be 
estimated.  Nothing  to  compare  with  it  ever  had  been  at¬ 
tempted  by  women.  Not  the  least  part  of  the  undertaking 
was  the  raising  of  the  $13,000  which  were  needed  to  defray  ex¬ 
penses,  all  secured  by  personal  letters  of  appeal  and  admission 
fees,  and  disbursed  with  careful  economy  and  judgment.  The 

1  The  magnitude  of  the  work  of  the  council  may  be  better  appreciated  by  the  mention  of  a 
few  figures  in  this  connection.  There  were  printed  and  distributed  by  mail  10,000  calls  and  10,- 
000  appeals ;  sketches  were  prepared  of  the  lives  and  work  of  speakers  and  delegates  and 
circulated  by  a  press  committee  of  over  ninety  persons  in  many  States ;  March  10,  the  first 
edition  (5,000)  of  the  sixteen-page  program  was  issued;  this  was  followed  by  five  other 
editions  of  5,000  each  and  a  final  seventh  edition  of  7,000.  About  4,000  letters  were  written. 
Including  those  concerning  railroad  rates,  not  less  than  10,000  more  circulars  of  various  kinds 
were  printed  and  distributed.  A  low  estimate  of  the  number  of  pages  thus  issued  gives  672,- 
000.  During  the  week  of  the  council  and  the  week  of  the  convention  of  the  National  W.  S.  A. 
the  Woman’s  Tribune  was  published  by  Mrs.  Colby  eight  times  (four  days  sixteen  pages,  four 
days  twelve  pages),  the  daily  edition  averaging  12,500. 

An  international  convention  of  men,  held  in  Washington  the  same  year,  cost  in  round  num. 
bers  $50,000. — Official  Report. 


634 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


intention  was  to  give  the  suffrage  association  the  same 
prominence  as  other  organizations  and  no  more.  An  entry  in 
Miss  Anthony’s  diary  says  :  “  I  have  just  received  proof  of 

the  ‘call’  for  the  council  and  struck  out  the  paragraph  saying, 
‘no  one  would  be  committed  to  suffrage  who  should  attend.’ 
I  can’t  allow  any  such  apologetic  invitation  as  that !  There  is 
no  need  to  say  anything  about  it.”  To  her  old  friend  Antoi¬ 
nette  Brown  Blackwell,  who  asked  if  only  those  women  minis¬ 
ters  who  had  been  regularly  ordained  were  to  be  heard,  Miss 
Anthony  wrote  : 

I  have  felt  all  along  that  we  ought  to  give  a  chance  for  the  expression  of 
the  highest  and  deepest  religious  thought  of  those  not  ordained  of  men.  Your 
wish  to  give  the  result  of  your  research  opens  the  way  for  us  to  make  the  last 
day — Easter  Sunday — voice  the  new,  the  purer,  the  better  worship  of  the  liv¬ 
ing  God.  We’ll  have  a  real  symposium  of  woman’s  gospel.  It  is  not  fair  to 
give  only  the  church-ordained  women  an  opportunity  to  present  their  religious 
thoughts,  and  now  it  shall  be  fixed  so  that  the  laity  may  have  the  same.  I 
don’t  want  a  controversy  or  a  lot  of  negations,  but  shall  tell  each  one  to  give 
her  strongest  affirmation.  This  forever  saying  a  thing  is  false  and  failing  to 
present  the  truth,  is  to  me  a  foolish  waste  of  time,  when  almost  everybody 
feels  the  old  forms,  creeds  and  rituals  to  be  only  the  mint,  anise  and  cumin. 

So,  my  dear,  I  am  very,  very  glad  that  you  and  Lucy  are  both  to  be  on  our 
platform,  and  we  are  to  stand  together  again  after  these  twenty  years.  But 
none  of  the  past !  Let  us  rejoice  in  the  good  of  the  present,  and  hope  for 
more  and  more  in  the  future. 

In  response  to  her  letter  asking  him  to  take  part  on  Pioneer 
Day,  Frederick  Douglass  wrote  : 

I  certainly  shall,  if  I  live  and  am  well.  The  cause  of  woman  suffrage  has 
under  it  a  truth  as  eternal  as  the  universe  of  thought,  and  must  triumph  if 
this  planet  endures.  I  have  been  calling  up  to  my  mind’s  eye  that  first  con¬ 
vention  in  the  small  Wesleyan  Methodist  church  at  Seneca  Falls,  where  Mrs. 
Stanton,  Mrs.  Mott  and  those  other  brave  souls  began  a  systematic  and  de¬ 
termined  agitation  for  a  larger  measure  of  liberty  for  woman,  and  how  great 
that  little  meeting  now  appears !  It  seems  only  yesterday  since  it  took  place, 
and  yet  forty  years  have  passed  away  and  what  a  revolution  on  this  sub¬ 
ject  have  we  seen  in  the  sentiment  of  the  American  people  and,  in  fact,  of  the 
civilized  world!  Who  could  have  thought  that  humble,  modest,  maiden  con¬ 
vention,  holding  its  little  white  apron  up  to  its  face  and  wiping  away  the  tear 
of  sympathy  with  woman  in  her  hardships  and  the  sigh  of  her  soul  for  a 
larger  measure  of  freedom,  would  have  become  the  mother  of  an  Interna¬ 
tional  Council  of  Women,  right  here  in  the  capital  of  this  nation  ? 


UNION  OF  ASSOCIATIONS - INTERNATIONAL  COUNCIL.  635 


Maria  Mitchell,  who  was  in  feeble  health  (and  died  the  next 
year)  in  expressing  her  regrets  said  :  ((Iam  taking  a  rest. 
I  have  worked  more  than  a  half-century  and,  like  stronger 
people,  have  become  tired.  I  am  meaning  to  build  my  small 
observatory  and  keep  up  a  sort  of  apology  for  study — because 
I  am  too  old  to  dare  do  nothing.  I  wish  I  felt  able  to  take 
the  journey  and  hear  what  others  have  to  say  and  are  ready  to 
do.  The  world  moves,  and  I  have  full  faith  it  will  continue 
to  move  and  to  move,  for  better  and  better,  even  when  we  have 
put  aside  the  armor.” 


A- 


<2o 


During  the  winter,  Mrs.  Stanton  had  written  Miss  Anthony: 
“We  have  jogged  along  pretty  well  for  forty  years  or  more. 
Perhaps  mid  the  wreck  of  thrones  and  the  undoing  of  so  many 
friendships,  sects,  parties  and  families,  you  and  I  deserve  some 
credit  for  sticking  together  through  all  adverse  winds,  with  so 
few  ripples  on  the  surface.  When  I  get  back  to  America  I  in¬ 
tend  to  cling  to  you  closer  than  ever.  I  am  thoroughly 
rested  now  and  full  of  fight  and  fire,  ready  to  travel  and  speak 
from  Maine  to  Florida.  Tell  our  suffrage  daughters  to  brace 
up  and  get  ready  for  a  long  pull,  a  strong  pull,  and  a  pull 
all  together  when  I  come  back.” 

What  then  were  her  amazement,  anger  and  grief  to  receive  an¬ 
other  letter  from  Mrs.  Stanton  a  short  time  before  the  council, 
saying  that  a  voyage  across  the  Atlantic  so  filled  her  with  dread 


636 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


that  she  had  about  decided  not  to  undertake  it !  A  fortieth 
anniversary  of  the  Seneca  Falls  convention  without  the 
woman  who  called  it !  And  this  when  she  had  counted  on 
Mrs.  Stanton  to  make  the  greatest  speech  of  the  whole  meet¬ 
ing  and  cover  the  National  Association  with  immortal  glory  ! 
She  says  in  her  journal:  u  I  am  ablaze  and  dare  not  write 
tonight.”  The  next  entry  :  “  I  wrote  the  most  terrific  letter 

to  Mrs.  Stanton  ;  it  will  start  every  white  hair  on  her  head.” 
And  then  the  following  day  the  little  book  records  :  “Well, 
I  made  my  own  heart  ache  all  night,  awake  or  asleep,  by  my 
terrible  arraignment,  whether  it  touches  her  feelings  or  not.” 
Ten  days  later  she  writes  :  “  Received  a  cablegram  from  Mrs. 

Stanton,  ‘  I  am  coming,’  so  she  has  my  letter.  My  mind  is  so 
relieved,  I  feel  as  if  I  were  treading  on  air.” 

On  Mrs.  Stanton’s  arrival  a  few  days  before  the  convention, 
Miss  Anthony  learned,  to  her  consternation,  that  she  had  pre¬ 
pared  no  speech  for  the  occasion  !  She  shut  her  up  in  a  room 
at  the  Riggs  House  with  pen  and  paper,  kept  a  guard  at  the 
door,  permitted  no  one  to  see  her,  and  when  the  time  arrived 
she  was  ready  with  her  usual  magnificent  address. 

The  council  opened  Sunday,  March  25,  in  Albaugh’s  new 
opera  house,  with  religious  services  conducted  entirely  by 
women,  Revs.  Phebe  A.  Hanaford,  Ada  C.  Bowles,  Antoinette 
Blackwell,  Amanda  Deyo,  and  a  matchless  sermon  by  Rev. 
Anna  H.  Shaw,  “  The  Heavenly  Vision.”  It  would  be  wholly 
impossible  to  enter  into  a  detailed  account  of  this  council,  the 
greatest  woman’s  convention  ever  held.1  Although  twenty- 
five  cents  admission  was  charged,  and  fifty  cents  for  reserved 
seats,  the  opera  house  was  crowded  during  the  eight  days  and 
evenings,  and  seats  were  at  a  premium.  Miss  Anthony  pre¬ 
sided  over  eight  of  the  sixteen  sessions.  Wdiile  every  speaker 
was  allowed  the  widest  latitude,  there  was  not  at  anytime  the 
slightest  friction.  Letters  were  read  from  celebrated  people  in 

'One  session  each  was  given  to  Education,  Philanthropy,  Temperance,  Industries,  Profes¬ 
sions,  Organizations,  Legal  Conditions,  Social  Purity,  Political  Conditions,  etc.,  which  were 
discussed  by  the  women  most  prominent  in  the  several  departments.  Fifty-three  different 
national  organizations  of  women  were  represented  by  eighty  speakers  and  forty-nine  dele¬ 
gates  from  England,  France,  Norway,  Denmark,  Finland,  India,  Canada  and  the  United 
States. 


UNION  OF  ASSOCIATIONS - INTERNATIONAL  COUNCIL.  637 

most  of  the  countries  of  Europe  and  all  parts  of  America.  At 
the  pioneer’s  meeting  were  eight  men  and  thirty-six  women 
who  had  been  connected  with  the  movement  for  woman  suf¬ 
frage  forty  years.1 

Among  the  social  courtesies  extended  to  this  distinguished 
body  of  women,  were  a  reception  at  the  White  House  by  Presi¬ 
dent  and  Mrs.  Cleveland;  handsome  entertainments  by  Sena¬ 
tor  and  Mrs.  Leland  Stanford,  and  Senator  and  Mrs.  T.  W. 
Palmer ;  a  reception  at  the  Biggs  House  ;  many  smaller  part¬ 
ies,  dinners  and  luncheons  ;  and  numerous  social  gatherings 
of  women  doctors,  lawyers,  etc.  At  all  of  the  large  functions 
Miss  Anthony,  Mrs.  Stanton  and  Lucy  Stone  stood  at  the  left 
hand  of  the  hostess,  while  the  other  officials  and  the  foreign 
delegates  were  also  in  the  “receiving  line.”  At  the  White 
House  Miss  Anthony  made  the  presentations  to  the  President. 
As  every  newspaper  in  the  country  had  complimentary  notices 
of  this  council  and  the  prominent  ladies  connected  with  it,  it  is 
scarcely  possible  to  discriminate.  The  Baltimore  Sun  said  : 

The  council  began  its  deliberations  in  the  finest  humor  with  everybody, 
particularly  with  that  prime  favorite,  Susan  B.  Anthony.  This  lady  daily 
grows  upon  all  present ;  the  woman  suffragists  love  her  for  her  good  works, 
the  audience  for  her  brightness  and  wit,  and  the  multitude  of  press  represen¬ 
tatives  for  her  frank,  plain,  open,  business-like  way  of  doing  everything  con¬ 
nected  with  the  council.  Miss  Anthony  when  in  repose  looks  worn  with  the 
conflict  she  has  waged,  though  when  she  goes  into  action  her  angular  face 
loses  its  tired  look  and  becomes  all  animation.  Her  word  is  the  parliamentary 
law  of  the  meeting.  Whatever  she  says  is  done  without  murmur  or  dissent. 
The  women  of  the  council  are  saved  any  parliamentary  discussions  such  as 
arise  in  the  meetings  of  men ;  they  acknowledge  that  she  is  an  autocrat.  All 
are  agreed  that  no  better  system  than  the  absolute  control  of  Susan  B.  An¬ 
thony  can  be  devised. 

The  New  York  World  commented  : 


If  ever  there  was  a  gay-hearted,  good-natured  woman  it  is  certainly  Miss 
Anthony.  From  the  beginning  of  this  council  it  is  she  who  has  kept  the  fun 
barometer  away  up.  The  gray-headed  friends  of  her  youth  are  all  “  girls”  to 
her,  and  she  is  a  girl  among  them.  Parliamentary  rules  have  been  by  no 

1  The  fine  stenographic  reports  of  this  council  were  made  by  Mary  F.  Seymour  and  a  corps 
of  women  assistants.  The  official  proceedings,  with  speeches  in  full,  may  be  obtained  of  the 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  National-American  W.  S.  A. 


038  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

means  so  severe  as  to  keep  even  the  regular  proceedings  free  from  her  lively 
interpolation  and  comment.  When  Miss  Anthony  has  felt  the  public  pulse 
or  looked  at  her  watch  and  seen  that  a  speech  has  gone  far  enough,  she  says 
under  her  breath,  “Your  time’s  about  up,  my  dear.”  If  the  speaker  con¬ 
tinues,  the  next  thing  is,  “I  guess  you’ll  have  to  stop  now  ;  it’s  more  than  ten 
minutes.”  When  this  fails,  she  usually  begins  to  hang  gently  on  the  orator’s 
skirt,  and  if  pluckings  and  pullings  fail,  she  then  subsides  with  a  quizzical 
smile,  or  stands  erect  and  uncompromising  by  the  speaker’s  side.  There  is 
none  of  the  rude  beating  of  the  gavel,  nor  any  paraphrase  of  “  The  gentleman’s 
time  is  up,”  which  marks  the  stiff  proceedings  of  men  “in  congress  assem¬ 
bled.”  To  an  unprejudiced  eye  this  free-and-easy  method  of  procedure  might 
lack  symmetry  and  dignity,  but  there  is  not  the  slightest  doubt  that  Miss  An¬ 
thony  has  been  as  wise  as  a  serpent  while  being  as  gentle  as  a  dove. 

When  Frances  E.  Willard  rose  to  address  the  council,  she 
laid  her  hand  tenderly  on  Miss  Anthony’s  shoulder  and  said  : 
“  I  remember  when  I  was  dreadfully  afraid  of  Susan,  and  Lucy 
too;  but  now  I  love  and  honor  them,  and  I  can  not  put  into 
words  my  sense  of  what  it  means  to  me  to  have  the  blessing  of 
these  women  who  have  made  it  possible  for  more  timid  ones 
like  myself  to  come  forward  and  take  our  part  in  the  world’s 
work.  If  they  had  not  blazed  the  trees  and  pioneered  the  way, 
we  should  not  have  dared  to  come.  If  there  is  one  single 
drop  of  chivalric  blood  in  woman’s  veins,  it  ought  to  bring  a 
tinge  of  pride  to  the  face  that  Susan  B.  Anthony,  Lucy  Stone, 
Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  Julia  Ward  Howe  and  these  other 
grand  women,  our  leaders  and  our  foremothers,  are  here  for 
us  to  greet ;  that  they,  who  heard  so  much  that  was  not 
agreeable,  may  hear  an  occasional  pleasant  word  while  they  are 
alive.”  Very  few  of  the  speakers  failed  to  express  their  deep 
feeling  of  personal  obligation  and  the  indebtedness  of  all 
women  to  the  early  labors  of  Miss  Anthony  and  the  other 
pioneers. 

In  her  letter  to  the  Union  Signal,  Miss  Willard  gave  this  bit 
of  description  :  “  The  central  figure  of  the  council  was  Susan 

B.  Anthony,  in  her  black  dress  and  pretty  red  silk  shawl,  with 
her  gray-brown  hair  smoothly  combed  over  a  regal  head, 
worthy  of  any  statesman.  Her  mingled  good-nature  and  firm¬ 
ness,  her  unselfish  purpose  and  keen  perception  of  the  right 


UNION  OF  ASSOCIATIONS - INTERNATIONAL  COUNCIL.  639 

thing  to  do,  endeared  her  alike  to  those  whom  she  admonished 
and  those  whom  she  praised.  In  her  sixty-ninth  year,  dear 

Susan  B.  seems  not  over  nfty-five.  She  has  a  wonderful 
constitution,  and  the  prodigies  of  work  she  has  accomplished 
have  f oi  ever  put  to  rout  the  ignorant  notion  that  women  lack 
physical  endurance.” 

In  the  year  of  preliminary  work  for  this  great  council,  the 
thought  came  many  times  to  May  Wright  Sewall  that  it  ought 
to  result  in  something  more  than  one  brief  convention,  and 
she  conceived  the  idea  of  a  permanent  International  and  also 
a  permanent  National  Council  of  Women.  During  the  week 
in  Washington  she  presented  her  plan  to  a  large  number  of  the 
leaders  who  regarded  it  with  approval.  Miss  Anthony, 
chairman  of  the  meeting,  by  request,  appointed  a  committee  of 
fifteen  who  reported  in  favor  of  permanent  councils,  and  Miss 
Willard  presented  an  outline  of  constitutions.  After  a  num¬ 
ber  of  meetings  of  the  delegates  the  councils  were  officially 
formed,  March  31,  1888,  “  to  include  the  organized  working 
forces  of  the  world’s  womanhood,”  in  the  belief  that  “  such  a 
federation  will  increase  the  world’s  sum  total  of  womanly 
courage,  efficiency  and  esprit  de  corps,  widen  the  horizon,  cor¬ 
rect  the  tendency  of  an  exaggerated  impression  of  one’s  own 
work  as  compared  with  that  of  others,  and  put  the  wisdom  and 
experience  of  each  at  the  service  of  all.”  A  simple  form  of 
constitution  was  adopted,  and  it  was  decided  that  the  National 
Council  should  meet  once  in  three  years  and  the  International 
once  in  five.1 

Immediately  upon  the  close  of  the  council,  the  National 
Suffrage  Association  held  its  twentieth  annual  convention  and, 
as  many  of  the  delegates  remained,  the  meetings  were  nearly 
as  crowded  as  those  of  the  council  had  been.  A  local  paper 
remarked  “  that  it  seemed  as  if  the  Washington  people  could 
never  hear  enough  about  woman  suffrage.”  A  fine  address 
by  Caroline  E.  Merrick  was  an  especial  feature,  as  it  presented 

National  Council:  President ,  Frances  E.  Willard;  vice-president-at-large ,  Susan  B. 
Anthony  ,  corresponding  secretary ,  May  Wright  Sewall;  recording  secretary ,  Mary  F. 
Eastman ;  treasurer,  M.  Louise  Thomas. 


640 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


the  question  from  the  standpoint  of  a  southern  woman.  The 
Senate  committee  granted  a  hearing,  the  speakers  being  pre¬ 
sented  by  Miss  Anthony.  Mrs.  Stanton  made  the  principal 
address,  a  grand  plea  for  human  equality,  and  the  grave  and 
dignified  committee  gave  her  a  round  of  applause.  She  was 
followed  by  Frances  E.  Willard  and  Julia  Ward  Howe;  Laura 
Ormiston  Chant  and  Alice  Scatcherd,  England;  Isabelle  Boge- 
lot,  France  ;  Sophia  Magelsson  Groth,  Norway;  Alii  Trygg, 

Finland  ;  Bessie  Starr  Keefer,  Canada. 

« 

Miss  Anthony  received  many  pleasant  letters  after  the  coun¬ 
cil  ;  among  them  one  from  her  friend  Mrs.  Samuel  E.  Sewall, 
of  Boston,  in  which  she  said  :  “  We  want  to  congratulate  you 

upon  the  very  satisfactory  and  gratifying  result  of  the  council. 
I  hear  from  the  delegates  on  all  sides  most  enthusiastic 
accounts  of  the  whole  affair,  and  of  your  wonderful  powers  and 
energy.  Mr.  Blackwell  is  loud  in  your  praise.  All  this  might 
be  expected  from  the  delegates,  but  what  pleases  me  still  more 
is  the  respectful  tone  of  nearly  all  the  newspapers.  Even  the 
sneering  Nation  has  admitted  an  article  in  praise  of  the  coun¬ 
cil.’ ’  In  all  Miss  Anthony’s  own  letters  there  was  not  the 
slightest  reference  to  any  feeling  of  fatigue  or  desire  for  rest, 
but  she  seemed  only  to  be  stimulated  to  greater  energy.  It  was 
impossible  for  her  to  respond  to  half  the  invitations  which 
came  from  all  parts  of  the  country,  but  usually  she  selected 
the  places  where  she  felt  herself  most  needed,  without  any 
regard  to  her  own  pleasure  or  comfort.  She  did,  however, 
accept  a  cordial  invitation  to  attend  the  annual  Boston  Suffrage 
Festival,  and  was  royally  entertained  for  several  days. 

On  the  afternoon  of  June  9,  Central  Music  Hall,  Chicago, 
was  packed  with  an  audience  of  representative  men  and 
women.  Frances  E.  Willard  presided,1  prayer  was  offered  by 
Rev.  Florence  Kollock,  and  Mrs.  Ormiston  Chant  gave  a  won¬ 
derfully  electric  address  on  the  “  Moral  Relations  of  Men  and 
Women  to  Each  Other.”  She  was  followed  by  Dr.  Kate  Bush- 
nell  in  a  thrilling  talk  on  “  Legislation  as  it  Deals  with  Social 

1  This  meeting  was  arranged  by  Dr.  Frances  Dickinson,  who  had  persuaded  Miss  Anthony 
to  make  the  journey  to  Chicago  in  order  to  preside  over  it.  On  the  way  to  the  hall  she  was 
detained  at  a  drawbridge  and  Miss  Willard  kindly  took  her  place. 


UNION  OF  ASSOCIATIONS— INTERNATIONAL  COUNCIL.  641 

Purity.”  Miss  Anthony  closed  the  program  with  a  ringing 
speech  showing  the  need  of  the  ballot  in  the  hands  of  women 
to  remedy  such  evils  as  had  been  depicted  by  the  other  speak¬ 
ers.  No  abstract  can  give  an  idea  of  her  magnetic  force  when 
profoundly  stirred  by  such  recitals  as  had  been  made  at  this 
meeting. 

A  few  days  afterwards  a  largely-attended  reception  was 
given  by  the  Woman’s  Club  of  Chicago  to  Miss  Anthony,  Isa¬ 
bella  Beecher  Hooker  and  Baroness  Gripenberg,  of  Finland. 

In  the  summer  of  1888,  the  National  Association  as  usual 
sent  delegates  to  each  of  the  presidential  conventions,  asking 
for  a  suffrage  plank,  and  as  usual  they  were  ignored  by  Re¬ 
publicans  and  Democrats.  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Hooker 
had  headquarters  in  the  parlors  of  Mrs.  Celia  Whipple  Wal¬ 
lace,  at  the  Sherman  House,  Chicago,  during  the  Republican 
convention  in  June.  They  issued  an  open  letter  citing  the 
record  of  the  party  in  regard  to  women,  and  asking  for  recog¬ 
nition,  but  received  no  consideration.  In  the  Woman’s  Trib¬ 
une,  Miss  Anthony  made  this  forcible  statement: 

Had  the  best  representative  suffrage  women  of  every  State  in  the  Union 
been  in  Chicago,  established  in  national  headquarters,  working  with  the  men 
of  their  State  delegations,  as  well  as  with  the  resolution  committee,  I  have 
not  a  doubt  that  the  Republican  platform  would  have  contained  a  splendid 
plank,  pledging  the  party  to  this  broad  and  true  interpretation  of  the  Constitu¬ 
tion.  Every  other  reform  had  its  scores  and  hundreds  of  representatives 
here,  pleading  for  the  incorporation  of  its  principles  in  the  platform  and 
working  for  the  nomination  of  the  men  who  would  best  voice  their  plans. 
Women  never  will  be  heard  and  heeded  until  they  make  themselyes  a  power, 
irresistible  in  numbers  and  strength,  moral,  intellectual  and  financial,  in  all 
the  formative  gatherings  of  the  parties  they  would  influence.  Therefore,  I 
now  beg  of  our  women  not  to  lose  another  opportunity  to  be  present  at  every 
political  convention  during  this  summer,  to  urge  the  adoption  of  woman  suf¬ 
frage  resolutions  and  the  nomination  of  men  pledged  to  support  them. 

“  Eternal  vigilance  is  the  price  of  liberty  ”  for  women  as  well  as  for  men. 

From  Chicago  Miss  Anthony  went  directly  to  Indianapolis 
and,  with  Mrs.  Sewall,  called  at  the  Harrison  residence.  She 
says:  “  We  met  a  most  cordial  reception  and  while  the  gen¬ 
eral  did  not  declare  himself  in  favor  of  woman’s  enfranchise- 


Ant. — 41 


642  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

ment,  he  expressed  great  respect  for  those  who  are  seeking  it.” 
The  two  ladies  then  addressed  an  open  letter  to  General  Harri¬ 
son,  urging  that  in  accepting  the  nomination  he  would  inter¬ 
pret  as  including  women  that  plank  in  the  Republican  platform 
which  declared:  “  We  recognize  the  supreme  and  sovereign 
right  of  every  lawful  citizen  to  cast  one  free  ballot  in  all  pub¬ 
lic  elections  and  to  have  that  ballot  duly  counted  ;  ” 1  but  this 
reasonable  request  was  politely  ignored. 

Sarah  Knox  Goodrich  and  Ellen  Clark  Sargent,  of  Califor¬ 
nia,  sent  the  following  telegram  to  their  fellow-citizen,  Morris 
M.  Estee,  chairman  of  the  National  Republican  Convention  : 
“  Please  ascertain,  for  many  interested  women,  if  the  clause 
in  the  platform  concerning  the  sovereign  right  of  every  law¬ 
ful  citizen  to  a  free  ballot,  includes  the  women  of  the 
United  States.”  To  this  Mr.  Estee  telegraphed  reply,  “I  do 
not  think  the  platform  is  so  construed  here.”  This  ended  the 
battle  of  1888,  as  far  as  women  were  concerned,  and  those  who 
might  have  been  the  ablest  advocates  which  any  political  party 
could  put  upon  its  platform  were  relegated  to  silence  dur¬ 
ing  the  campaign. 

On  August  7,  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Stanton  spoke  at 
Byron  Center,  and  were  entertained  by  Mrs.  Newton  Green. 
Miss  Anthony  addressed  a  large  audience  at  Jamestown  on  the 
10th  and  was  the  guest  of  Mrs.  Reuben  E.  Fenton.  During 
part  of  the  summer,  for  a  little  recreation,  she  took  hold  of  the 
great  heterogeneous  mass  of  bills  and  receipts  of  the  National 
W.  S.  A.  for  the  past  four  years  and  compiled  them  into  a  neat, 
accurate  financial  report  of  seventeen  pages,  in  which  every 
dollar  received  and  disbursed  during  that  time  was  acknowl¬ 
edged  and  accounted  for,  without  any  “  sundries  ”  or  other 
makeshifts  for  the  sake  of  accuracy.  As  the  total  amount 
reached  nearly  $18,000,  a  large  part  of  which  had  been  re¬ 
ceived  in  sums  of  one  or  two  dollars,  the  labor  involved  may 
be  appreciated.  Miss  Anthony  did  this,  as  she  did  many  other 
disagreeable  things,  not  because  they  were  officially  her  duty, 
but  because  they  ought  to  be  done  and  there  was  no  one  else, 


1  See  Appendix  for  full  text  of  letter. 


UNION  OF  ASSOCIATIONS - INTERNATIONAL  COUNCIL.  643 

ready  to  undertake  them.  She  always  was  restive  under  red 
tape  regulations.  For  many  years  she  was  forced  to  take  the 
lead  in  all  departments  of  the  suffrage  work  and  when  they 
finally  became  systematized,  with  a  head  at  each,  she  some¬ 
times  grew  impatient  at  delay  and  usurped  the  functions  of 
others  without  intending  any  breach  of  official  etiquette.  And 
so  when  this  financial  statement  was  completed,  she  published 
it  without  waiting  for  money  or  authority,  and  wrote  to  the 
national  treasurer,  Mrs.  Spofford,  who  had  recently  returned 
from  Europe  : 


Andrew  Jackson-like,  I  decided  to  assume  the  responsibility  of  sending  to 
each  member  of  the  association  a  copy  of  the  Council  Report  with  one  of  the 
National’s  financial  statement.  I  am  writing  a  personal  letter  to  all,  explain¬ 
ing  our  double  keeping  of  our  pledge  and  asking  them  to  return  contributions, 
if  they  are  able,  for  this  permanent  and  nice  report.  I  do  not  know  what 
results  in  cash  will  come  of  it  to  the  National,  but  I  do  know  that  the  poor¬ 
est  and  hardest-working  women  who  pinched  out  their  dollars  to  send,  think 
that  we  promised  them  therefor  this  book-report  of  the  council.  So  all  in  all 
I  decided,  against  Miss  Foster,  Mrs,  Stanton  and  your  own  dear  self,  to  give 
each  the  report,  leaving  her  to  do  as  she  feels  most  comfortable  about  send¬ 
ing  to  the  treasurer  payment  in  return. 

A  few  days  later  she  writes  :  “  I  mailed  800  letters  yester¬ 

day,  and  we  have  sent  over  1,500  Reports,  with  800  more 
promised.”  Could  any  pen  give  an  adequate  idea  of  the 
amount  of  work  accomplished  by  that  tireless  brain  and  those 
never-resting  hands  ? 

Miss  Anthony  spoke  on  Woman’s  Day,  October  12,  at  the 
Centennial  Celebration  in  Columbus,  O.  A  newspaper  corre¬ 
spondent  drew  this  contrast  between  her  address  and  those  of 
the  women  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.: 


Each  prayer  started  heavenward  was  weighted  with  politics — political  pro¬ 
hibition.  When  the  eloquent  speakers  of  the  afternoon  dealt  a  stinging  blow 
under  the  belt  to  one  of  the  leading  political  parties,  the  applause  was  tre¬ 
mendous,  cheers  and  “  amens  ”  mingling  in  a  sacrilegious  chorus  of  approval. 
On  the  other  hand,  when  Miss  Anthony  made  her  calm,  strong  and  really 
logical  argument  in  favor  of  woman  suffrage,  giving  each  party,  so  far  as 
related  to  action  of  States,  just  praise  or  censure,  she  was  received  coldly.  It  * 
did  not  seem  to  count  for  anything  that  she  had  been  a  pioneer  in  the  cause 


644 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


of  temperance.  That  white  record  was  stained  because  she  cast  their  idol 
down — she  showed  that  prohibition  had  failed  in  Kansas  in  the  large  cities, 
whether  under  a  Democratic  or  a  Republican  governor,  or  under  St.  John, 
the  Prohibition  governor;  in  every  administration  it  was  a  failure,  because 
even  there  women  had  only  a  restricted  vote,  and  public  sentiment  without 
the  ballot  counted  for  naught.  There  were  no  little  graves  in  her  speech,  no 
weeping  willows  by  winding  streams  where  lay  broken  hearts  in  tombs  un¬ 
marked.  It  was  a  simple  statement  of  the  cause  a  brave  woman  had  at  heart. 

She  attended  the  State  conventions  at  Ames,  la.,  and  at  Em¬ 
poria,  Kan.,  where  she  was  the  guest  of  Senator  and  Mrs. 
Kellogg.  From  there  she  went  to  Leavenworth,  and  later  to 
Omaha  for  the  Nebraska  convention.  She  then  engaged  for 
the  fall  and  winter  with  the  Slayton  Lecture  Bureau  at  $60  a 
night,  and  began  again  the  tiresome  round  throughout  the 
Western  States. 

In  this  autumn  of  1888,  Miss  Anthony  received  a  severe 
shock  in  the  announcement  of  the  approaching  marriage  of 
Rachel  Foster  to  Cyrus  Miller  Avery,  of  Chicago.  He  had  at¬ 
tended  the  International  Council  the  preceding  spring  with  his 
mother,  Rosa  Miller  Avery,  known  prominently  in  suffrage 
and  other  public  work  in  Illinois.  Here  he  had  seen  Miss 
Foster  in  her  youth  and  beauty,  carrying  a  large  part  of  the 
responsibility  connected  with  that  important  gathering,  and 
had  fallen  in  love  with  her  at  first  sight.  During  her  long 
life  Miss  Anthony  had  seen  one  young  girl  after  another  take 
up  the  work  of  woman’s  regeneration,  fit  herself  for  it,  grow 
into  a  power,  then  marry,  give  it  all  up  and  drop  out  of  sight. 
“  I  would  not  object  to  marriage,”  she  wrote,  “  if  it  were  not 
that  women  throw  away  every  plan  and  purpose  of  their  own 
life,  to  conform  to  the  plans  and  purposes  of  the  man’s  life.  I 
wonder  if  it  is  woman’s  real,  true  nature  always  to  abnegate 
self.”  Miss  Foster  had  developed  unusual  ability  and  for  a 
number  of  years  had  been  Miss  Anthony’s  mainstay  in  the 
suffrage  work,  and  had  grown  very  close  into  her  heart ;  it  is 
not  surprising,  therefore,  that  she  learned  of  the  coming  mar¬ 
riage  with  dismay.  She  accepted  the  situation  as  gracefully 
as  possible,  however,  and,  although  too  far  away  to  attend  the 


UNION  OF  ASSOCIATIONS - INTERNATIONAL  COUNCIL.  645 

wedding,  sent  most  cordial  wishes  for  the  happiness  of  the 
newly-married.1 

The  year  1888  brought  to  Miss  Anthony  many  honors,  but 
it  brought  also  the  usual  quota  of  the  bereavements  which 
come  with  every  passing  year  when  one  nears  threescore  and 
ten.  Her  cherished  friend,  Dr.  Clemence  Lozier,  had  passed 
away;  Edward  M.  Davis,  whose  faithful  friendship  never  had 
failed,  was  no  more  ;  A.  Bronson  Alcott  and  his  daughter 
Louisa  had  gone  to  test  the  truth  of  the  new  philosophy  ;  and 
other  dear  ones  had  dropped  out  of  the  narrowing  circle.  But  as 
a  partial  compensation,  there  had  come  into  her  life  some  new 
friends  who  were  destined,  if  not  to  fill  the  place  of  those  who 
weie  gone,  to  make  another  for  themselves  in  her  affections 
and  her  labors  quite  as  helpful  and  important.  Chief  among 
these  was  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw,  who,  from  the  time  of  the 
International  Council,  gave  her  deepest  love  and  truest  allegi¬ 
ance.  Until  then  she  had  not  been  near  enough  Miss  An¬ 
thony  to  realize  the  nobility  and  grandeur  of  her  character, 
but  thenceforth  she  accorded  to  her  all  the  devotion  and  rever¬ 
ence  of  her  own  strong  and  beautiful  nature.  In  a  letter  writ¬ 
ten  after  she  had  returned  to  her  home  in  Boston,  she  said  : 

From  my  heait  I  pray  that  I  may  always  be  worthy  your 
love  and  confidence.  To  know  you  is  a  blessing  ;  to  be  trusted 

by  you  is  worth  far  more  than  my  efforts  for  our  work  have 
cost  me.” 


'Mrs.  Foster  Avery  has  proved  an  exception  to  the  rule  and,  during  the  ten  years  since 
her  marriage,  has  performed  as  much  work,  to  say  the  least,  as  any  of  the  younger  eener- 
ation  of  women,  besides  contributing  thousands  of  dollars. 


CHAPTER  XXXVI. 


CONVENTIONS  FROM  WASHINGTON  TO  SOUTH  DAKOTA. 


1889. 

HE  eleventh  of  January,  1889,  found  Miss  Anthony 
in  her  usual  pleasant  suite  of  rooms  at  the  Riggs 
House.  She  plunged  at  once  into  preparations  for 
the  approaching  convention,  interviewing  con¬ 
gressmen,  calling  at  the  newspaper  offices  and 
conferring  with  local  committees.  The  Twenty-first  Na¬ 
tional  Convention  opened  January  21,  in  the  Congregational 
church,  with  the  speakers  as  bright  and  full  of  hope  as  they 
had  been  through  all  the  score  of  years.  The  opening  address 
was  given  by  Hon.  A.  G.  Riddle  and,  during  the  sessions,  ex¬ 
cellent  speeches  were  made  by  Hon.  William  D.  Kelley,  Sena- 
ator  Blair, 

Rev.  Alex¬ 
ander  Kent1  -  ^  /  '  j 

and  State 

Senator  Blue,  of  Kan-  / Sf 
Shaw  made  her  first 

appearance  on  the  National  platform  and  delivered  her  splen¬ 
did  oration,  “The  Fate  of  Republics. ”  Laura  M.  Johns  gave 
a  practical  and  pleasing  talk  on  “Municipal  Suffrage  in  Kan¬ 
sas  ;  ”  and  there  was  the  usual  array  of  talent.  Miss  Anthony 
presided,  putting  every  speaker  to  the  front  and  making  a  sub¬ 
stantial  background  of  her  own  felicitous  little  speeches,  each 
containing  an  argument  in  a  nutshell. 

While  in  Washington  she  was  entertained  at  dinner  by  the 
“  Six  O’clock  Club,”  and  seated  at  the  right  hand  of  its  presi- 

(647) 


648 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


dent,  Dr.  Wm.  A.  Hammond.  The  subject  for  the  evening 
was  “  Robert  Elsmere  ”  and,  in  giving  her  opinion,  she  said 
she  had  found  nothing  new  in  the  book  ;  ail  those  theological 
questions  had  been  discussed  and  settled  by  the  Quakers  long 
ago.  What  distressed  her  most  was  the  marriage  of  Robert 
and  Catherine,  who,  any  outsider  could  have  seen,  were  utterly 
unfitted  for  one  another,  and  she  wondered  if  there  could  be 
any  way  by  which  young  people  might  be  able  to  know  each 
other  better  before  marrying. 

On  February  11,  Miss  Anthony  spoke  in  Cincinnati  to  an 
audience  of  2,000,  under  the  management  of  A.  W.  Whelpley, 
city  librarian.1  The  Commercial  Gazette  commented  :  “  Miss 

Susan  B.  Anthony  had  every  reason  for  congratulation  on  the 
audience,  both  as  to  quality  and  quantity,  which  greeted  her  Sun¬ 
day  afternoon  at  the  Grand  Opera  House.  Her  discourse  proved 
to  be  one  of  the  most  entertaining  of  the  Unity  Club  lectures  this 
season,  and  if  she  did  not  succeed  in  gaining  many  proselytes  to 
her  well-known  views  regarding  woman’s  emancipation,  she  cer¬ 
tainly  reaped  the  reward  of  presenting  the  arguments  in  an  inter¬ 
esting  and  logical  manner.  Every  neatly  turned  point  was  re¬ 
ceived  with  applause  and  that  good-natured  laughter  that  car¬ 
ries  with  it  not  a  little  of  the  element  of  conviction.  As  of  old, 
this  pioneer  of  the  woman’s  cause  is  abundantly  able  to  return 
sarcasm  for  sarcasm,  as  well  as  to  present  an  array  of  facts  in 
a  manner  which  would  do  credit  to  the  most  astute  of  our  poli¬ 
ticians.” 

Miss  Anthony  was  much  gratified  at  the  cordial  reception 
given  her  in  Cincinnati  and  the  evident  success  of  her  speech, 
and  Tuesday  morning,  with  a  happy  heart,  took  the  train  for 
her  western  lecture  tour.  She  settled  herself  comfortably, 
glanced  over  her  paper  and  was  about  to  lay  it  aside  when  her 
eye  caught  the  word  “Leavenworth.”  A  hasty  glance  told 
her  of  the  drowning  the  day  before  of  Susie  B.  Anthony,  while 
out  skating  with  a  party  of  schoolmates  !  Susie  B.,  her  name- 

1  In  response  to  a  letter  of  introduction  from  Mr.  Spofford,  of  the  Riggs,  Miss  Anthony  was 
the  guest  of  the  Burnet  House  with  a  fine  suite  of  apartments.  In  a  letter  home  she  writes : 
“The  chambermaid  said,  ‘  Why,  you  have  had  more  calls  than  Mrs.  Hayes  had  when  she  oc¬ 
cupied  these  rooms.’  ” 


CONVENTIONS  FROM  WASHINGTON  TO  SOUTH  DAKOTA.  649 


sake,  her  beloved  niece,  as  dear  as  a  daughter,  and  with  many 
of  her  own  strong  characteristics — she  was  almost  stunned. 
Telegraphing  at  once  to  cancel  her  engagements,  she  hastened 
to  Leavenworth.  Just  six  months  before,  Colonel  and  Mrs. 
Anthony  had  lost  a  little  daughter,  five  years  old,  and  now  the 
sudden  taking  away  of  this  beautiful  girl  in  her  seventeenth 
year  was  a  blow  of  crushing  force.  She  found  a  stricken 
household  to  whom  she  could  offer  but  small  consolation  out  of 
her  own  sorrowing  heart.  After  the  last  services  she  attempted 
to  fill  her  engagements  in  Arkansas,  speaking  in  Helena, 
Fort  Smith  and  Little  Rock  ;  at  the  last  place  being  introduced 
to  the  audience  by  Governor  James  B.  Eagle.  She  was  so 
filled  with  sympathy  for  her  brother  and  his  wife  that  she 
gave  up  her  other  lectures  and  returned  to  Leavenworth,  where 
she  remained  for  two  months,  going  away  only  for  two  or  three 
meetings. 

She  lectured  in  Memorial  Hall,  St.  Louis,  March  5,1  and  a  bril¬ 
liant  reception  was  given  her  at  the  Lindell  Hotel.  On  March  9, 
she  spoke  at  Jefferson  City,  where  the  Daily  Tribune  contained 
a  full  synopsis  of  her  address,  beginning  as  follows  :  “The 
hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives  was  crowded  last  night 
as  never  before,  with  ladies  and  gentlemen — State  officials, 
members  of  the  general  assembly,  clerks  of  the  departments 
and  of  the  legislature,  and  all  the  students  from  Lincoln  Insti¬ 
tute*  .  .  .  Miss  Anthony  was  received  with  applause,  and 
plunged  at  once  into  the  subject  which  for  many  years  has 
made  her  name  a  household  word  in  every  English-speaking 
country  on  the  globe/ ’ 

Leavenworth  was  in  the  midst  of  an  exciting  municipal  cam¬ 
paign  and  Colonel  Anthony  had  been  nominated  for  mayor  by 
the  Republicans.  Miss  Anthony  made  a  number  of  speeches, 
at  Chickering  Hall,  the  Conservatory  of  Music,  the  different 
churches,  meetings  of  colored  people,  etc.  The  night  of  the 
last  great  rally  she  writes  in  her  diary  :  “It  does  seem  as  if 
the  cause  of  law  and  order  and  temperance  ought  to  win,  but 

1  Mrs.  Minor  managed  this  meeting  and  also  tried  to  arrange  for  Miss  Anthony  to  address 
a  large  Catholic  gathering  but  was  unsuccessful.  She  writes :  “  The  vicar-general  was  on  the 
side  of  your  lecture  and  spoke  in  complimentary  terms  of  you  and  your  work.” 


650 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


the  saloon  element  resorts  to  such  tricks  that  honest  people 
can  not  match  them.”  So  it  seemed  in  this  case,  and  Colonel 
Anthony  was  defeated.  The  Republicans,  both  men  and  women, 
were  divided  amongst  themselves  with  the  usual  results. 

Her  grief  over  the  untimely  death  of  Susie  B.  was  still 
fresh,  and  in  a  letter  to  a  friend  who  had  just  suffered  a  great 
bereavement,  she  said  :  “  It  is  a  part  of  the  inevitable  and  the 
living  can  not  do  otherwise  than  submit,  however  rebellious 
they  may  feel ;  but  we  will  clutch  after  the  loved  ones  in  spite 
of  all  faith  and  all  philosophy.  By  and  by,  when  one  gets  far 
enough  away  from  the  hurt  of  breaking  the  branch  from  its 
tree,  there  does,  there  must,  come  a  sweet  presence  of  the  spirit 
of  the  loved  and  gone  that  soothes  the  ache  of  the  earlier 
days.  That  every  one  has  to  suffer  from  the  loss  of  loving  and 
loved  ones,  does  not  make  our  anguish  any  the  less.” 

To  the  sorrowing  father  she  wrote  after  she  returned  home  : 
“Can  you  not  feel  when  you  look  at  those  lonely  mounds,  that 
the  spirits,  the  part  of  them  that  made  life,  are  not  there  but 
in  your  own  home,  in  your  own  heart,  ever  present  ?  It  surely 
is  more  blessed  to  have  loved  and  lost  than  never  to  have  loved. 

.  .  .  Which  of  us  shall  follow  them  first  we  can  not  tell,  but 
if  it  should  be  I,  lay  my  body  away  without  the  heartbreak, 
the  agony  that  must  come  when  the  young  go.  Try  to  believe 
that  all  is  well,  that  however  misunderstood  or  misunderstand¬ 
ing,  all  there  is  clear  to  the  enlarged  vision.  Whenever  I  have 
suffered  from  the  memory  of  hasty  or  unkind  words  to  those 
who  have  gone,  my  one  comfort  always  has  been  in  the  feeling 
that  their  spirits  still  live  and  are  so  much  finer  that  they  un¬ 
derstand  and  forgive.” 

Miss  Anthony  went  from  Leavenworth  to  Indianapolis  for  a 
few  days’  conference  with  Mrs.  Sewall  on  matters  connected 
with  the  National  Suffrage  Association  and  National  Council 
of  Women.  She  writes  in  her  diary:  “Mrs.  Sewall  intro¬ 
duced  me  to  the  girls  of  her  Classical  School  as  one  who  had 
dared  live  up  to  her  highest  dream.  I  did  not  say  a  word 
for  fear  it  might  not  be  the  right  one.”  From  here  she  jour¬ 
neyed  to  Philadelphia,  stopping,  she  says,  “  with  dear  Adeline 


CONVENTIONS  FROM  WASHINGTON  TO  SOUTH  DAKOTA.  651 


Thomson,  whose  door  is  always  open  to  those  who  are  work¬ 
ing  for  women  ;’n  thence  to  New  York  for  the  State  convention 
April  26. 

The  preceding  evening  a  reception  was  tendered  Miss  An¬ 
thony  at  the  Park  Hotel,  where  she  notes,  “I  wore  my  gar- 
*net  velvet  and  point  lace.”  This  did  not  suit  the  correspond¬ 
ent  of  the  Chicago  Herald,  who  said  :  “  Her  futile  efforts  to 

adjust  her  train  with  the  toe  of  her  number  seven  boot,  instead 
of  the  approved  backward  sweep  of  heel,  demonstrated  that  she 
certainly  was  not  4  to  the  manner  born.’  ”  He  then  continued 
to  sneer  at  the  suffrage  women  for  “  adopting  the  social  ele¬ 
gancies  of  life  inaugurated  by  Mrs.  Ashton  Dilke,  at  the  coun¬ 
cil  last  winter;”  evidently  unaware  that  Miss  Anthony  had 
been  wearing  her  velvet  gown  since  1883.  But  the  same  day 
the  New  York  Sun  had  a  long  and  serious  editorial  to  the  effect 
that  “  equal  suffrage  never  would  be  successful  until  it  was 
made  fashionable.”  This  illustrates  how  hard  it  is  to  please 
everybody,  and  also  how  prone  men  are  to  make  a  woman’s 
work  inseparable  from  her  garments,  always  giving  more 
prominence  to  what  she  wears  than  to  what  she  says  and  does, 
and  then  censuring  her  because  she  “  gives  so  much  time  and 
thought  to  her  clothes.”  Even  from  far-off  Memphis  the 
Avalanche  tumbled  down  on  Miss  Anthony  for  wearing  point 
lace  “  when  the  women  who  wore  their  lives  out  making  it 
were  no  better  than  slaves.”  Doubtless  the  editor  abjured 
linen  shirt-bosoms  because  the  poor  Irishwomen  who  bleach 
the  flax  are  paid  starvation  wages.  The  Brooklyn  Times  also 
jumped  into  the  breach  and,  in  a  column  editorial,  attempted 
to  prove  that  ‘‘the  ballot  for  woman  is  as  superfluous  as  a 
corset  for  a  man.”  Thus  does  the  male  mind  illustrate  its 
superiority  ! 

On  May  17,  Miss  Anthony  addressed  the  Woman’s  Political 
Equality  Club  of  Rochester,  in  the  Unitarian  church,  which 
was  crowded  to  its  capacity.  She  spoke  in  Warren,  0.,  May 
21,  the  guest  of  Hon.  Ezra  B.  Taylor  and  his  daughter,  Mrs. 

'In  a  letter  Miss  Thomson  wrote:  “I  want  you  to  know  that  my  heart  is  warmer  for 
you  than  for  any  other  mortal,  my  thoughts  follow  you  wheresoever  you  go,  and  I  am 
always  glad  when  your  footsteps  turn  toward  me.” 


652 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Upton.  The  next  day  the  two  ladies  went  to  the  Ohio  State 
Convention  at  Akron  and  were  entertained  at  the  palatial  home 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lewis  Miller.  A  dinner  was  given  to  Miss 
Anthony,  Mrs.  Zerelda  G.  Wallace  and  Rev.  Anna  Shaw  by 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Adolph  Schumacher. 

A  report  went  the  rounds  of  the  newspapers  at  this  time 
saying  that  “  Miss  Anthony  had  renounced  woman  suffrage/ ’ 
It  was  started  doubtless  by  some  one  who  supposed  her  to  be 
so  narrow  as  to  abandon  a  great  principle  because  her  brother 
had  been  defeated  in  a  city  where  women  had  the  suffrage. 
The  Portland  Oregonian  having  used  this  alleged  renunciation 
as  the  basis  for  a  leading  editorial,  the  ladies  of  Tacoma, 
Wash.,  where  women  had  been  arbitrarily  disfranchised  by 
the  supreme  court,  sent  a  telegram  to  Miss  Anthony  asking  if 
the  rumor  were  true.  She  telegraphed  in  reply:  “Report 

false;  am  stronger  than  ever  and  bid  Washington  restore 
woman  suffrage/’ 

She  went  to  Philadelphia  to  attend  the  wedding,  June  21,  of 
one  of  her  family  of  nieces,  who  filled  the  place  in  her  great 
heart  which  would  have  been  given  to  her  daughters,  had  she 
chosen  marriage  instead  of  the  world’s  work  for  all  woman¬ 
kind.  When  her  sister  Hannah  had  died  years  before,  Miss 
Anthony  had  brought  the  little  orphan,  Helen  Louise  Mosher, 
to  her  own  home,  where  she  had  remained  until  grown. 
For  some  time  she  had  been  a  successful  supervisor  of  kinder¬ 
garten  work  in  Philadelphia  and  today  she  was  the  happy 
bride  of  Alvan  James,  a  prominent  business  man  of  that  city.1 
Miss  Anthony  was  pleased  with  the  marriage  and  the  young 
couple  staited  on  their  wedding  tour  with  her  blessing. 

In  July  a  charming  letter  was  received  from  Madame  Maria 
Deraismes,  president  of  the  Frenchwoman’s  Congress,  convey¬ 
ing  “the  greetings  of  the  women  of  France  to  the  leader  of 
women  in  America.”  On  the  Fourth  Miss  Anthony  addressed 
a  Giangeis  picnic,  at  Lyons,  held  under  the  great  trees  in 
the  dooryard  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Benjamin  Bradley,  who  were 

1  A  little  incident  showed  the  family  spirit.  When  her  lover  was  about  to  present  her  with 
a  handsome  diamond  engagement  ring,  she  requested  that  instead  the  money  should  be 
given  to  the  National  Suffrage  Association,  which  was  done. 


CONVENTIONS  FROM  WASHINGTON  TO  SOUTH  DAKOTA.  653 


her  hosts.  One  hot  week  this  month  was  spent  with  Dr.  Sarah 
A.  Dolley,  a  prominent  physician  of  Rochester,  in  her  sum¬ 
mer  home  at  Long  Pond.  Early  in  August,  with  her  niece 
Maud,  she  took  a  very  delightful  trip  through  the  lake  and 
mountain  regions  of  New  York.  After  a  visit  at  Saratoga 
they  went  up  Mount  McGregor,  and  Miss  Anthony  writes  in  her 
diary:  “Here  we  saw  the  room  where  General  Grant  died, 
the  invalid  chair,  the  clothes  he  wore,  medicine  bottles,  etc. — 
very  repulsive.  If  the  grand  mementoes  of  his  life’s  work 
were  on  exhibition  it  would  be  inspiring,  but  these  ghastly  re¬ 
minders  of  his  disease  and  death  are  too  horrible.” 

They  spent  a  few  days  at  the  Fort  William  Henry  Hotel  on 
beautiful  Lake  George,  and  she  says  :  “  Several  of  the  colored 
waiters  formerly  at  the  Riggs  House  recognized  me  the  moment 
I  entered  the  dining-room,  and  one  of  them  brought  me  a 
lovely  bouquet.  ”  They  sailed  through  Lake  Champlain  to 
Montreal,  stopping  at  the  Windsor,  visiting  the  grand  cathe¬ 
drals  and  enjoying  the  glorious  view  from  the  summit  of  the 
Royal  mountain.  Then  they  journeyed  to  the  Berkshire  hills 
and  enjoyed  many  visits  with  the  numerous  relatives  scattered 
throughout  that  region.  At  Brooklyn  they  were  the  guests  of 
the  cousins  Lucien  and  Ellen  Hoxie  Squier. 

Early  in  July  Miss  Anthony  had  accepted  an  invitation  to 
address  the  Seidl  Club,  who  were  to  give  a  luncheon  at 
Brighton  Beach,  the  fashionable  resort  on  Coney  Island.  The 
invitation  had  been  extended  through  Mrs.  Laura  C.  Hollo¬ 
way,  one  of  the  editorial  staff  of  the  Brooklyn  Eagle  and  a 
valued  friend  of  many  years’  standing,  who  wrote  :  “  Not 

nearly  all  our  members  are  suffragists,  but  all  of  them  honor 
you  as  a  great  and  noble  representative  of  the  sex.  You  can 
do  more  good  by  meeting  this  body  of  musical  and  literary 
women  than  by  addressing  a  dozen  out-and-out  suffrage  meet¬ 
ings.  You  will  find  many  old  friends  to  greet  you,  and  a  lov¬ 
ing  and  proud  welcome  from  yours  devotedly.”  She  addressed 
the  club  August  30,  after  an  elegant  luncheon  served  to  300 
members  and  guests.  She  selected  for  her  subject,  “  Woman’s 
Need  of  Pecuniary  Independence,”  and  her  remarks  were  re- 


654 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


ceived  with  much  enthusiasm.  “  Broadbrim’s  ”  New  York 
letter  thus  describes  the  occasion  : 

The  Seidl  Club  had  an  elegant  time  down  at  Coney  Island  this  week,  and 
dear  old  Susan  B.  Anthony  addressed  the  members,  many  of  whom  are  among 
the  representative  women  of  the  land.  It  was  the  custom  in  years  gone  by 
for  a  lot  of  paper-headed  ninnies,  who  write  cheap  jokes  about  mothers-in- 
law,  to  fire  their  paper  bullets  at  Susan  B.  She  has  lived  to  see  about  one- 
half  of  them  go  down  to  drunkard’s  graves,  and  the  other  half  are  either 
dead  or  forgotten,  while  she  today  stands  as  one  of  the  brightest,  cheeriest 
women,  young  or  old,  to  be  found  in  our  own  or  any  other  land.  What  a  tre¬ 
mendous  battle  she  has  fought,  what  a  blameless  life  she  has  led,  rejoicing 
in  the  strength  which  enabled  her  to  mingle  with  the  weak  and  erring  of  her 
sex  when  necessary  without  even  the  smell  of  smoke  on  her  garments.  She 
made  an  address,  and  what  an  address  it  was,  with  more  good,  sound,  hard 
sense  in  it  than  you  would  find  in  fifty  congressional  speeches,  and  how  the 
women  applauded  her  till  they  made  the  roof  ring!  Susan  B.  Anthony  was 
by  all  odds  the  lioness  of  the  day. 

A  few  days  were  given  to  Mrs.  Stanton,  who  was  spending 
the  summer  with  her  son  Gerrit  and  his  wife  at  Hempstead, 
L.  I.,  and  they  prepared  the  call  for  the  next  national  conven¬ 
tion.  She  reached  home  in  time  to  speak  on  September  9  at 
Wyoming,  where  she  was  a  guest  at  the  delightful  summer 
home  of  Mrs.  Susan  Look  Avery  for  several  days,  as  long  as 
she  could  be  persuaded  to  stay.  She  then  hastened  back  to 
New  York  to  visit  Mrs.  M.  Louise  Thomas,  president  of  Soro- 
sis,  for  a  day  or  two,  and  arrange  National  Council  affairs,  and 
down  to  Philadelphia  to  plan  suffrage  work  with  Rachel  Foster 
Avery.1  Just  as  she  was  leaving  she  received  a  letter  from 
Margaret  V.  Hamilton,  of  Ft.  Wayne,  announcing  that  her 
mother,  Emerine  J.  Hamilton,  had  bequeathed  to  Miss  An¬ 
thony  for  her  personal  use  $500  in  bank  stock,  a  testimonial  of 
her  twenty  years  of  unwavering  friendship.  While  grieved  at 
the  loss  of  one  whose  love  and  hospitality  she  had  so  long  en¬ 
joyed,  she  rejoiced  in  the  thought  that  from  the  daughters  she 
still  would  receive  both  in  the  same  unstinted  degree. 

September  27  saw  her  en  route  for  the  West  once  more  and 

’In  a  letter  to  Mrs.  Avery  relative  to  some  pressing  work,  Miss  Anthony  wrote :  “  I  would 

not  for  anything  have  you  drudge  on  this  during  your  husband’s  vacation.  No,  no,  there  is  none 
too  much  of  life  and  happiness  for  any  of  us,  so  plan  to  go  and  be  and  do  whatever  seemeth  best 
unto  the  twain  made  so  beautifully  one.” 


CONVENTIONS  FROM  WASHINGTON  TO  SOUTH  DAKOTA.  655 

by  October  1  she  was  at  Wichita,  ready  for  the  Kansas  State 
Convention.  The  Woman’s  Tribune  had  said  :  “  It  is  the 

greatest  boon  to  the  president  of  a  State  convention  to  have  the 
presence  and  counsel  of  Miss  Anthony.”  At  this  meeting  the 
committee  reported  a  set' of  resolutions  beginning,  “We  be¬ 
lieve  in  God,”  etc.,  when  she  at  once  protested  on  the  ground 
that  “  the  woman  suffrage  platform  must  be  kept  free  from  all 
theological  bias,  so  that  unbelievers  as  well  as  evangelical 
Christians  can  stand  upon  it.” 

The  10th  of  October  Miss  Anthony,  fresh,  bright  and  cheery, 
reported  for  duty  at  the  Indiana  State  Convention  held  at 
Rushville.  On  October  14,  strong  and  vigorous  as  ever,  she 
announced  herself  at  Milwaukee,  ready  for  the  Wisconsin 
State  Convention,  where  she  spoke  at  each  of  the  three  days’ 
sessions.  In  one  of  her  addresses  here  she  said  that  she  did 
not  ask  suffrage  for  women  in  order  that  they  might  vote 
against  the  liquor  traffic— she  did  not  know  how  they  would 
vote  on  this  question — she  simply  demanded  that  they  should 
have  the  same  right  as  men  to  express  their  opinions  at  the 
ballot-box.  Immediately  the  report  was  sent  broadcast  that 
Miss  Anthony  had  said  ‘  ‘  as  many  women  would  vote  for  beer 
as  against  it.” 

Then  down  to  Chicago  she  journeyed  to  talk  over  the  “  Isa¬ 
bella  Memorial  ”  with  her  cousin,  Dr.  Frances  Dickinson,  who 
was  a  prime  factor  of  this  movement.  While  there  she  had  a 
charming  visit  with  Harriet  Hosmer,  the  great  sculptor,  who 
afterwards  wrote  her  : 

It  was  a  real  treat  to  see  you  once  more.  .  .  .  How  well  do  I  remember 

our  first  meeting  in  tlie  office  of  The  Revolution.  I  do  not  know  of  anything 
that  would  give  me  so  much  pleasure  as  being  present  at  the  Washington  con¬ 
vention,  and  if  I  am  in  America  next  January  you  may  rest  assured  I  shall  be 
there..  .  .  .  Yes,  you  are  quite  right;  there  ought  to  be  a  National  Art 

Association  of  women  who  are  real  artists,  and  it  would  be  a  good  thing  all 
round.  There  is  nothing  which  has  impressed  me  so  much  and  so  favorably 
since  my  return  here  as  the  number  of  helpful  clubs  and  associations  which 
are  of  modern  growth,  and  one  of  the  best  fruits  of  the  work  that  has  been 
done  among  women.  Not  only  are  they  full  of  pleasantness  but  where  unity 
is  there  is  strength. 


656 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Now  that  we  have  come  together,  don’t  let  us  permit  a  vacuum  of  twenty 
years  to  intervene  again ;  we  have  a  great  deal  to  say  to  each  other. 


Miss  Anthony  went  from  Milwaukee  to  the  Minnesota  State 
Convention  at  Minneapolis,  and  addressed  the  students  of  the 
university .  She  also  visited  the  Bethany  Home  for  the  Friend¬ 
less  and  writes  in  her  journal :  “  I  saw  there  over  forty 

fatherless  babes,  and  twenty  or  thirty  girls  who  must  hence¬ 
forth  wear  the  scarlet  letter  over  their  hearts,  while  the  men 
who  caused  their  ruin  go  forth  to  seek  new  recruits  for  the 
Bethany  homes  !”  At  Duluth  she  was  the  guest  of  her  faith¬ 
ful  friends,  Judge  J.  B.  and  Sarah  Burger  Stearns,  speaking 
here  in  the  Masonic  Temple.  The  judge  introduced  Miss  An¬ 
thony  in  these  words  :  “  The  first  quality  we  look  for  in  men 

is  courage  ;  the  next,  ability  ;  the  third,  benevolence.  It  is 
my  pleasure  to  present  to  you  tonight  a  woman  who  has  ex¬ 
hibited,  in  a  marked  degree,  all  three.  ” 

On  November  11,  1889,  at  the  beginning  of  the  northern 
winter,  she  went  from  here  to  South  Dakota.  A  woman  suf¬ 
frage  amendment  had  been  submitted  to  be  voted  on  in  1890, 
and  Miss  Anthony  had  been  receiving  urgent  letters  from  the 
members  of  the  State  Suffrage  Association  to  assist  them  in  a 
preliminary  canvass  and  advise  as  to  methods  of  organization, 
etc.  “  Every  true  woman  will  welcome  you  to  South  Dakota,” 
wrote  Philena  Johnson,  one  of  the  district  presidents.  “  My 
wife  looks  upon  you  as  a  dependent  child  upon  an  indulgent 


CONVENTIONS  FROM  WASHINGTON  TO  SOUTH  DAKOTA.  657 

parent;  your  words  will  inspire  her,”  wrote  the  husband  of 
Emma  Smith  DeVoe,  the  State  lecturer.  “  We  are  very  grate¬ 
ful  that  you  will  come  to  us,”  wrote  Alonzo  Wardall,  the  vice- 
president. 

lass  Anthony  began  the  canvass  at  Redfield,  November  12, 
introduced  by  Judge  Isaac  Howe.  The  Supreme  Court  decis- 
ion  allowing  “  original  packages  ”  of  liquor  to  come  into  the 
State  had  just  been  announced,  and  the  old  minister  who 
opened  this  meeting  devoted  all  of  his  prayer  to  explaining  to 
the  Almighty  the  evils  which  would  follow  in  the  wake  of 
these  original  packages!”  She  held  meetings  throughout 
the  State,  had  fine  audiences  and  found  strong  friends  at  each 
place.  There  was  much  public  interest  and  the  comments  of 
the  press  were  favorable  in  the  highest  degree.1 

.  She  addressed  the  Farmers’  Alliance  at  their  State  conven¬ 
tion  in  Aberdeen  ;  they  were  very  cordial  and  officially  en¬ 
dorsed  the  suffrage  amendment.  In  a  letter  at  this  time  she 
said  :  “I  have  learned  just  what  I  feared— the  Prohibition¬ 
ists  in  their  late  campaign  studiously  held  woman  suffrage  in  the 
background.  The  W.  C.  T.  U.  woman  who  introduced  me 
last  night  publicly  proclaimed  she  had  not  yet  reached  woman 
suffrage.  Isn’t  it  discouraging?  When  I  get  to  Washington, 
shall  see  all  of  the  South  Dakota  congressmen  and  senators 
and  learn  what  they  intend  to  do.  The  Republican  party  here 
stood  for  prohibition,  and  if  it  will  stand  for  woman  suffrage 
we  can  carry  it,  and  not  otherwise.”  Her  fine  optimism  did 

not  desert  her,  however,  and  to  the  Woman’s  Tribune  she 
wrote  : 


T  want  to  help  our  friends  throughout  this  State  to  hold  the  canvass  for 
woman  suffrage  entirely  outside  all  political,  religious  or  reform  questions— 
lat  is  keep  it  absolutely  by  itself.  I  advise  every  man  and  woman  who 
wishes  this  amendment  carried  at  the  ballot-box  next  November  to  wear  onlv 
the  badge  of  yellow  ribbon-that  and  none  other.  This  morning  I  cut  and 
tied  a  whole  bolt  of  ribbon,  and  every  woman  went  out  of  the  court-house 
adorned  with  a  little  sunflower-colored  knot. 


'  She  spoke  at  Heron,  Mitchell,  Yankton,  Sioux  Falls,  Madison,  Brookings,  DeSmet  Water- 
toun,  Parker,  F  lem.St.  Lawrence  and  Aberdeen,  and  presented  a  full  set  of  the  History  of 
Woman  Suffrage  to  libraries  in  each  of  these  towns.  y 


Ant. — 42 


658 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


The  one  work  for  the  winter  before  oar  good  friends  in  South  Dakota, 
should  be  that  of  visiting  every  farmhouse  of  every  school  district  of  every 
county  in  the  State;  talking  and  reading  over  the  question  at  every  fireside 
these  long  evenings ;  enrolling  the  names  of  all  who  believe  in  woman  suf¬ 
frage  ;  leaving  papers  and  tracts  to  be  read  and  circulated,  and  organizing 
equal  suffrage  committees  in  every  district  and  village.  With  this  done,  the 
entire  State  will  be  in  splendid  trim  for  the  opening  of  the  regular  campaign 
in  the  spring  of  1890. 

She  started  eastward  the  very  day  her  canvass  ended,  reach¬ 
ing  Chicago  on  Thanksgiving  evening,  and  went  directly  to 
Detroit  where  she  spoke  November  29,  and  was  the  guest  of 
her  old  friends  of  anti-slavery  days,  Giles  and  Catharine  F. 
Stebbins.  Her  nephew,  Daniel  R.  Jr.,  came  over  from  Michi¬ 
gan  University  to  hear  her  and  accompanied  her  back  to  Ann 
Arbor,  where  she  was  entertained  by  Mrs.  Olivia  B.  Hall.  He 
thus  gives  his  impressions  to  his  parents  : 

Aunt  Susan  spoke  here  for  the  benefit  of  the  Ladies,  Library  Association, 
and  had  an  excellent  audience ;  and  Sunday  night  she  spoke  at  the  Unitarian 
church.  It  was  jammed  full  and  people  were  in  line  for  half  a  block  around, 
trying  to  get  inside.  At  the  beginning  of  her  lecture  Aunt  Susan  does  not 
do  so  well ;  but  when  she  is  in  the  midst  of  her  argument  and  all  her  energies 
brought  into  play,  I  think  she  is  a  very  powerful  speaker. 

Dr.  Sunderland,  the  Unitarian  minister,  invited  her  to  dinner  and,  as  I 
was  her  nephew,  of  course  I  had  to  be  included.  The  Halls  are  very  fine 
people  and  as  I  took  nearly  every  meal  at  their  house  while  she  was  here,  I 
can  also  testify  that  they  have  good  things  to  eat.  I  brought  Aunt  Susan  down 
to  see  where  I  lived.  It  being  vacation  time  of  course  the  house  was  closed 
and  hadn’t  been  aired  for  a  week,  and  some  of  the  boys  having  smoked  a 
good  deal  she  thought  the  odor  was  dreadful,  but  that  otherwise  we  were  very 
comfortably  fixed. 


Miss  Anthony  spoke  at  Toronto  December  2,  introduced  by 
the  mayor  and  entertained  by  Dr.  Augusta  S.  Gullen,  daugh¬ 
ter  of  Dr.  Emily  H.  Stowe.  She  addressed  the  Political 
Equality  Club  of  Rochester  in  the  Universalist  church,  Decem¬ 
ber  5.  During  the  past  three  months  she  had  travelled  several 
thousand  miles  and  spoken  every  night  when  not  on  board  the 
cars.  Three  days  later  she  started  for  Washington  to  arrange 
for  the  National  convention,  and  from  there  wrote  Rachel 
Foster  Avery  : 


CONVENTIONS  FROM  WASHINGTON  TO  SOUTH  DAKOTA.  659 

I  have  done  it,  and  to  my  dismay  Mrs.  Colby  has  announced  my  high¬ 
handedness  in  this  week  s  Tribune,  when  I  intended  to  keep  my  assumption 
of  Andrew  Jackson-like  responsibility  a  secret.  One  night  last  week  the 
new  Lincoln  Hall  was  opened  and  when  I  saw  what  a  splendid  audience- 
room  it  is,  I  just  rushed  the  next  day  to  the  agent  and  found  our  convention ! 
days  not  positively  engaged;  then  rushed  to  Mr.  Kent  and  from  him  to  Mr. 
Jordan  and  got  released  from  the  little  church,  and  then  back  I  went  and  had 
the  convention  booked  for  Lincoln  Hall.  I  did  not  mean  to  have  any  notice 
of  the  change  of  place  go  out  over  the  country,  because  it  makes  no  differ¬ 
ence  to  friends  outside  of  Washington.  Well,  no  matter.  I  couldn’t  think 
of  taking  our  convention  into  any  church  when  we  had  a  chance  to  go  back 
to  our  old  home,  and  that  in  a  new  and  elegant  house  reared  upon  the  ashes 
of  the  old.  So  if  killed  I  am  for  this  high-handed  piece  of  work,  why  killed 
I  shall  be! 

A  letter  will  illustrate  her  efforts  for  South  Dakota:  “  I 
have  50,000  copies  of  Senator  Palmer’s  speech  ready  to  go  to 
the  Senate  folding-room,  and  thence  to  the  South  Dakota  sen¬ 
ators  and  representatives  to  be  franked,  and  then  back  to  me  to 
be  addressed  to  the  25,000  men  of  the  Farmers’  Alliance,  etc.  If 
suffrage  literature  does  not  penetrate  into  every  single  family 
in  every  town  of  every  county  of  South  Dakota  before  another 
month  rolls  round,  it  will  be  because  I  can  not  get  the  names 
of  every  one.  I  am  securing  also  the  subscription  lists  of 
every  county  newspaper.  If  reading  matter  in  every  home 
and  lectures  in  every  school  house  of  the  State  will  convert  the 
men,  we  shall  carry  South  Dakota  next  November  with  a 
whoop  !  I  do  hope  we  can  galvanize  our  friends  in  every 
State  to  concentrate  all  their  money  and  forces  upon  South 
Dakota  the  coming  year.  We  must  have  no  scattering  fire 
now,  but  all  directed  to  one  point,  and  get  everybody  to  think¬ 
ing,  reading  and  talking  on  the  subject.” 

And  again  she  writes:  “With  my  $400  which  I  have  con- 
tiibuted  to  the  National  this  year,  I  have  made  life  members 
of  myself,  nieces  Lucy  E.  and  Louise,  and  Mrs.  Stanton.  Now 
I  intend  to  make  Mrs.  Minor,  Olympia  Brown,  Phoebe  Couzins 
and  Matilda  Joslyn  Gage  life  members.  I  had  thought  of 
others,  but  these  last  four  are  of  longer  standing,  were  identi¬ 
fied  with  the  old  National  and  have  suffered  odium  and  perse¬ 
cution  because  of  adherence  to  it.” 


660 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


In  the  diary’s  mention  of  busy  days  is  one  item:  “  Went 
to  the  Capitol  to  the  celebration  of  the  centennial  of  the  First 
Congress.  Justice  Fuller  made  a  beautiful  oration  on  the 
progress  of  the  century  but  failed  to  have  discovered  a  woman 
all  the  way  down;  ”  and  another:  “This  morning  called  on 
Mrs.  Harrison,  Mrs.  Stanford  and  Mrs.  Manderson  to  talk 
about  having  women  represented  in  the  Columbian  Exposition 
of  1892.  All  are  in  favor  of  it.” 

Every  hour  was  filled  with  business,  and  with  social  duties 
undertaken  solely  because  of  the  influence  they  might  have  on 
the  great  and  only  question.  The  last  day  of  1889  she  went 
to  pay  the  final  honors  to  the  wife  of  her  faithful  ally,  Hon. 
A.  G.  Riddle.  Death  had  robbed  her  of  many  friends  during 
the  past  year.  On  February  1  her  old  co-worker  Amy  Post,  of 
Rochester,  was  laid  to  rest,  one  of  the  veteran  Abolitionists 
who  commenced  the  work  in  1833  with  Garrison,  and  who  had 
stood  by  the  cause  of  woman  as  faithfully  as  by  that  of  the 
slave.  In  March  passed  away  in  the  prime  of  womanhood, 
Mary  L.  Booth,  editor  of  Harper’s  Bazar  from  its  beginning  in 
1867.  In  June  died  Maria  Mitchell,  the  great  astronomer,  in 
the  fullness  of  years,  having  completed  threescore  and  ten. 
In  November  was  finished  the  work  of  Dinah  Mendenhall,  the 
venerable  Quaker  and  philanthropist,  wife  of  Isaac  Menden¬ 
hall,  whose  home  near  Philadelphia  had  been  for  sixty  years 
the  refuge  of  the  poor  and  oppressed,  without  regard  to  sex, 
color  or  creed.1 

At  the  close  of  the  old  year,  the  Washington  Star  in  a  long 
interview,  headed  “A  Leader  of  Women,”  said. 

Miss  Anthony  is  now  at  the  capital,  ready  for  the  regular  annual  agitation 
before  Congress  of  the  proposed  Sixteenth  Amendment  to  the  Constitution. 
She  is  one  of  the  remarkable  women  of  the  world.  In  appearance  she  has 
not  grown  a  day  older  in  the  past  ten  years.  Her  manner  has  none  of  the  ex¬ 
citement  of  an  enthusiast;  never  discouraged  by  disappointment,  she  keeps 
calmly  at  work,  and  she  could  give  points  in  political  organization  and  man- 

5The  year  previous  Mrs.  Mendenhall  had  given  Miss  Anthony  and  Frances  Willard  each 
her  note  for  $1,000  payable  after  her  death,  to  be  used  for  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage 
and  temperance,  but  the  heirs  refused  to  honor  the  notes. 


CONVENTIONS  FROM  WASHINGTON  TO  SOUTH  DAKOTA.  661 


agement  to  some  of  the  best  male  politicians  in  the  land.  Her  face  is  strong 
and  intellectual,  but  full  of  womanly  gentleness.  Her  gold  spectacles  give 
her  a  motherly  rather  than  a  severe  expression,  and  a  stranger  would  see 
nothing  incongruous  in  her  doing  knitting  or  fancy-work.  In  no  sense  does 
she  correspond  with  the  distorted  idea  of  a  woman’s  rights  agitator.  In  con¬ 
versation  her  manner  is  that  of  perfect  repose.  She  is  always  entertaining, 
and  the  most  romantic  idealizer  of  women  would  not  expect  frivolity  in  one 
of  her  age  and  would  not  charge  it  to  strong-mindedness  that  she  is  sedate. 
.  .  .  Speaking  of  the  Columbus  celebration,  she  said  she  understood  it  was 
probable  that  the  board  of  promotion  at  the  capital  would  decide  to  permit 
women  a  part  in  the  organization  and  management  of  the  enterprise. 


’  . 


. 


CHAPTER  XXXVII. 

AT  THE  END  OF  SEVENTY  YEARS. 

1890. 

ISS  ANTHONY  received  New  Year's  calls  in  the 
Red  Parlor  of  the  Piggs  House,  January  1,  1890, 
entertained  a  party  of  friends  at  dinner  in  the  even- 
ing,  and  had  the  usual  number  of  pleasant  gifts 
and  loving  letters.  While  busy  with  preparations 
for  the  national  convention,  she  learned  of  the  project  to  cele¬ 
brate  her  seventieth  birthday  on  February  15.  Supposing  it 
to  be  simply  a  tribute  from  her  friends,  like  the  observance  of 
her  fiftieth  anniversary  twenty  years  before  in  New  York,  she 
was  pleased  at  the  compliment,  but  after  the  arrangements  were 
commenced  she  learned  that  it  was  to  take  the  form  of  an  ele¬ 
gant  banquet  at  the  Riggs  and  tickets  were  to  be  sold  at  $4 
each.  Her  feelings  were  expressed  in  a  letter  to  May  Wright 

Sewall  and  Rachel  Foster  Avery,  who  had  the  matter  in 
charge  : 

I  wnte  in  utter  consternation,  hoping  it  is  not  too  late  to  recall  every  notice 
sent  for  publication.  1  never  dreamed  of  your  doing  other  than  issuing  pretty 
httle  private  invitations  signed  by  Mrs.  Stanton  and  yourselves  as  officers  of 
the  National  Association.  If  its  official  board  is  too  far  dissolved  for  this 
please  let  the  whole  matter  drop,  and  I  will  invite  a  few  special  friends  to  sup 
with  me  on  my  birthday.  I  know  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Spofford  would  love  to  unite 
whh  you  m  a  personal  entertainment  of  this  kind.  I  may  be  wrong  as  to  the 
bad  taste  of  issuing  a  notice,  just  like  a  public  meeting,  and  letting  those  pur¬ 
chase  tickets  who  wish;  but  it  seems  to  me  the  very  persons  least  desired  bv 
us  may  be  the  first  to  buy  them.  I  should  be  proud  of  a  banquet  with  invited 
guests  who  would  make  it  an  honor,  but  with  such  persons  as  will  pay  $5 
more  or  less,  it  resolves  itself  into  a  mere  matter  of  cash.  I  would  vastly 
prefer  to  ask  those  we  wanted  and  foot  the  entire  bill  myself 

(663) 


664 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  R.  ANTHONY. 


Mrs.  Sewall  wrote  at  once  to  Mrs.  Avery,  “  This  letter  strikes 
dismay  to  my  soul.  I  will  share  with  you  the  expense  of  the 
banquet.”  In  a  day  or  two  Miss  Anthony’s  heart  smote  her 
and  she  wrote  again:  “I  have  blown  my  bugle  blast  and  I 
know  I  have  wounded  your  dear  souls,  but  I  can  not  see  the 
plan  a  bit  prettier  than  I  did  at  first.  I  may  be  very  stupid 
or  supersensitive.  If  it  were  to  honor  Mrs.  Stanton,  I  would 
be  willing  to  charge  for  tickets.”  And  then  a  few  days  later: 

“  Have  I  killed  you  outright  ?  I  can  not  tell  you  how  much 
I  have  suffered  because  I  can  not  see  this  as  you  do,  but  I 
would  rather  never  have  a  mention  of  my  birthday  than  to 
have  it  in  that  way.  I  know  you  meant  it  all  lovely  for  me, 
but  you  did  not  look  at  it  outside  your  own  dear  hearts.  Do 
tell  me  that  I  have  not  alienated  the  two  best-beloved  of  all 
my  girls.” 

They  finally  effected  a  compromise  on  the  money  feature  by 
sending  out  handsomely  engraved  invitations  to  those  whom 
they  wished  as  guests  and  letting  them  pay  $4  a  plate  if  they 
came.  Although  they  proved  to  Miss  Anthony  that  this 
always  was  done  in  such  cases,  she  assented  very  unwillingly, 
and  begged  that  they  would  ask  the  friends  to  contribute  $4 
apiece  to  the  fund  for  South  Dakota  instead  of  the  birthday 
banquet.  Finally,  when  all  her  scruples  had  been  overcome, 
she  made  out  so  long  a  list  of  people  whom  she  wished  to  have 
complimentary  invitations  that  they  would  have  filled  every 
seat  in  the  dining  hall.  She  also  was  so  anxious  that  no  one 
should  be  slighted  in  a  chance  to  speak  that  Mrs.  Avery  wrote  : 
“  The  banquet  would  have  to  last  through  eternity  to  hear  all 
those  Miss  Anthony  thinks  ought  to  be  heard.” 

On  the  evening  of  the  birthday  over  200  of  her  distinguished 
friends  were  seated  in  the  great  dining-room  of  the  Riggs 
House,  including  a  delegation  from  Rochester  and  a  number  of 
relatives  from  Leavenworth,  Chicago,  New  York  and  Philadel¬ 
phia.  Miss  Anthony  occupied  the  place  of  honor,  on  her  right 
hand  were  Senator  Blair  and  Mrs.  Stanton  ;  on  her  left,  Rob¬ 
ert  Purvis,  Isabella  Beecher  Hooker  and  May  Wright  Sewall. 
(Mrs.  Foster  Avery  was  detained  at  home.)  The  room  was 


AT  THE  END  OF  SEVENTY  YEARS. 


665 


beautifully  decorated  and  the  repast  elaborate,  but  with  such 
an  array  of  intellect,  the  after-dinner  speeches  were  the  dis¬ 
tinguishing  feature  of  the  occasion.  The  Washington  Star,  in 
a  long  account,  said  : 

A  company  of  the  most  remarkable  women  in  the  world  were  assembled. 
As  she  sat  there,  surrounded  by  the  skirted  knights  of  her  long  crusade,  Miss 
Anthony  looked  no  older  than  fifty,  but  she  had  got  a  good  start  into  her 
seventy-first  year  before  the  dinner  ended.  May  Wright  Sewall  presided. 
Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  that  venerable  and  beautiful  old  stateswoman,  sat  at 
the  right  of  Senator  Blair,  looking  as  if  she  should  be  the  Lord  Chief-Justice, 
with  her  white  hair  puffed  all  over  her  head,  and  her  amiable  and  intellectual 
face  marked  with  the  lines  of  wisdom.  Isabella  Beecher  Hooker,  who 
reminds  one  of  her  great  brother,  with  the  stamp  of  genius  on  her  brow  and 
an  energy  of  intellect  expressed  upon  her  face,  sat  at  the  left  of  Miss 
Anthony.  Old  John  Hutchinson,  the  last  of  the  famous  singing  family,  his 
white  hair  and  beard  forming  a  fringe  about  his  shoulders ;  Clara  Barton,  her 
breast  sparkling  with  Red  Cross  medals ;  and  many  other  women  of  wide  fame 
were  present.  Before  the  banquet  the  guests  assembled  in  the  Red  Parlor  of 
the  Riggs,  where  a  levee  was  held  and  congratulations  were  offered.  It  was 
after  10  o’clock  when  the  line  was  formed  and  the  guests  marched  down  to 
the  dining-room,  Miss  Anthony,  on  the  arm  of  Senator  Blair,  leading  the 
way. 

The  correspondent  of  the  New  York  Sun  said  in  a  brilliant 
description:  “The  dining-room  was  a  splendid  scene,  long 
to  be  remembered.  The  American  flag  was  everywhere  and, 
with  tropical  flowers  and  foliage,  made  bright  decorations.  .  .  . 
It  was  a  notable  gathering  of  women  world-wide  in  fame,  and 
of  distinguished  men.  The  lady  with  a  birthday — seventy  of 
them  indeed — was  of  course  the  star  on  which  all  others  gazed. 
She  never  looked  better,  never  happier,  and  never  so  much 
like  breaking  down  before  her  feelings.  No  wonder,  with  such 
a  birthday  party  !  Friends  of  her  youth  calling  her  ‘  Susan/ 
affectionate  deference  from  everybody,  and  all  saying  she  de¬ 
served  a  thousand  just  such  birthdays— -young  in  heart,  beauti¬ 
ful  in  spirit.” 

Phoebe  Couzins  replied  to  the  toast  “  St.  Susan,”  making  a 
witty  contrast  between  the  austere  St.  Anthony  of  old  and  the 
St.  Anthony  of  today,  representing  self-abnegation  for  the 
good,  the  beautiful,  the  true.  Rev.  Anna  Shaw  made  a 
delightfully  humorous  response  to  “  The  Modern  Peripatetic,” 


666  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

referring  to  the  ancient  philospher  who  had  founded  the  school 
of  men,  and  Miss  Anthony  who  had  founded  the  modern 
school  of  women  peripatetics,  ready  to  grab  their  grips  and 
start  around  the  world  at  a  moment’s  notice.  Matilda  Joslyn 
Gage  responded  to  “Miss  Anthony  as  a  Fellow-worker;” 
Clara  Bewick  Colby  to  “  Miss  Anthony  as  a  Journalist;” 
Laura  Ormiston  Chant,  of  England,  to  “  American  Woman¬ 
hood  ;  ”  Mrs.  Jane  Marsh  Parker,  sent  by  the  Ignorance  Club 
of  Rochester,  to  “  Miss  Anthony  at  Home,”  beginning:  “To 
have  brought  to  Miss  Anthony  all  the  testimonials  which 
Rochester  would  have  laid  at  her  feet  tonight  would  have  made 
me  appear  at  the  banquet  like  the  modern  Santa  Claus-— the 
postman  at  Christmastide.  ”  Rev.  Frederick  W.  Hinckley,  of 
Providence,  began  his  graceful  address  by  saying  : 

King  Arthur,  sword  in  hand,  is  not  at  the  head  of  the  table,  but  Queen 
Susan  is,  the  silver  crown  of  seventy  honorable  years  upon  her  brow  ;  and  we 
gather  here  from  every  quarter  of  the  Union,  little  knights  and  great  knights, 
without  distinction  of  sex,  to  take  anew  at  her  hands  the  oath  of  loyal  serv¬ 
ice  to  the  cause  of  universal  liberty.  Those  of  us  who  have  followed  her 
through  all  these  years  know  that  she  has  been  a  knight  without  reproach, 
that  her  head  has  been  level  and  her  heart  true.  Faithful  to  the  cause  of  her 
sex,  she  has  been  broad  enough  to  grasp  great  general  principles.  She  has 
been  not  only  an  advocate  of  equal  rights,  but  the  prophet  of  humanity ;  and 
a  better  advocate  of  equal  rights  because  a  prophet  of  humanity.  There 
never  has  been  a  time  when  Whittier’s  lines  concerning  Sumner  would  not 
have  been  applicable  to  her : 

“  Wherever  wrong  doth  right  deny, 

Or  suffering  spirits  urge  their  plea, 

Here  is  a  voice  to  smite  the  lie, 

A  hand  to  set  the  captive  free.” 

Nineteenth  century  chivalry  renders  all  honor  to  that  type  of  womanhood 
of  which  she  is  an  illustrious  example. 

Robert  Purvis  eloquently  referred  to  Miss  Anthony’s  grand 
work  for  the  abolition  of  slavery,  which,  he  said,  was  still 
continued  in  the  vaster  and  more  complicated  work  for  the 
freedom  of  women.  Mrs.  Stanton’s  two  daughters,  Mrs.  Law¬ 
rence  and  Mrs.  Blatch,  made  sparkling  responses.  Represen¬ 
tative  J.  A.  Pickier  said  in  part  : 


Five  years  since,  when  a  member  of  the  Dakota  legislature  and  in  charge 


AT  THE  END  OF  SEVENTY  YEARS. 


667 


of  the  bill  giving  fall  suffrage  to  women,  I  was  characterized  in  the  public 
press  as  “Susan  B.  Pickier. ”  I  look  upon  this  as  one  of  the  greatest  honors 
ever  bestowed  upon  me.  I  have  never  learned  how  Miss  Anthony  regarded 
it .  .  .  . 

Unswerved  by  the  shafts  of  ridicule,  without  love  of  gain,  she  has  sub¬ 
limely  borne  through  all  these  years  ridicule  and  reproach  for  principle,  for 
humanity,  for  womanhood.  The  soldier  battles  amid  the  plaudits  of  his 
countrymen,  the  statesman  supported  by  his  party,  the  clergyman  sanctioned 
by  his  church,  but  alone,  this  great  woman  has  stood  for  half  a  century,  con¬ 
tending  for  the  rights  of  women.  Says  Professor  Swing:  “  Mark  any  life 
pervaded  by  a  worthy  plan,  and  how  beautiful  it  is  !  Webster,  Gladstone, 
Sumner,  Disraeli;  fifty  years  were  these  temples  in  the  building!  ”  How 
aptly  these  words  describe  our  great  advocate  of  woman.  Gratifying  it  must 
be  to  Susan  B.  Anthony;  gratifying,  we  bear  witness,  it  is  to  her  friends, 
that  in  her  maturer  years  we  see  this  cause,  long  hated  by  others  but  by  her 
always  loved,  now  respected  by  all ;  and  herself,  its  representative  and  expo¬ 
nent,  revered,  loved  and  honored  by  a  whole  nation. 

The  main  address  was  made  by  Mrs.  Stanton,  who  responded 
to  the  sentiment  “The  Friendships  of  Women/’  in  an  oration 
full  of  humor,  and  closed  : 

If  there  is  one  part  of  my  life  which  gives  me  more  intense  satisfaction  than 
another,  it  is  my  friendship  of  more  than  forty  years’  standing  with  Susan  B. 
Anthony.  Ours  has  been  a  friendship  of  hard  work  and  self-denial.  .  .  . 

Emerson  says,  “  It  is  better  to  be  a  thorn  in  the  side  of  your  friend  than  his 
echo.”  If  this  add  weight  and  stability  to  friendship,  then  ours  will  endure 
forever,  for  we  have  indeed  been  thorns  in  the  side  of  each  other.  Sub  rosa, 
dear  friends,  I  have  had  no  peace  for  forty  years,  since  the  day  we  started 
together  on  the  suffrage  expedition  in  search  of  woman’s  place  in  the  National 
Constitution.  She  has  kept  me  on  the  war-path  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet 
so  long  that  I  have  often  wished  my  untiring  coadjutor  might,  like  Elijah,  be 
translated  a  few  years  before  I  was  summoned,  that  I  might  spend  the 
sunset  of  my  life  in  some  quiet  chimney-corner  and  lag  superfluous  on  the 
stage  no  longer. 

After  giving  up  all  hope  of  her  sweet  repose  in  Abraham’s  bosom,  I  sailed 
some  years  ago  for  Europe.  With  an  ocean  between  us  I  said,  now  I  shall 
enjoy  a  course  of  light  reading.  I  shall  visit  all  the  wonders  of  the  old  world, 
and  write  no  more  calls,  resolutions  or  speeches  for  conventions — when  lo ! 
one  day  I  met  Susan  face  to  face  in  the  streets  of  London  with  a  new  light  in 
her  eyes.  Behold  there  were  more  worlds  to  conquer.  She  had  decided  on  an 
international  council  in  Washington,  so  I  had  to  return  with  her  to  the  scenes 
of  our  conflict.  .  .  .  Well,  I  prefer  a  tyrant  of  my  own  sex,  so  I  shall  not 

deny  the  patent  fact  of  my  subjection;  for  I  do  believe  that  I  have  developed 
into  much  more  of  a  woman  under  her  jurisdiction,  fed  on  statute  laws  and 
constitutional  amendments,  than  if  left  to  myself  reading  novels  in  an  easv- 
chair,  lost  in  sweet  reveries  of  the  golden  age  to  come  without  any  effort  of 
my  own. 


668  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

As  Mrs.  Stanton  concluded,  ‘‘The  Guest  of  the  Evening  ” 
was  announced  and,  amidst  long  continued  applause  and  wav¬ 
ing  of  handkerchiefs,  Miss  Anthony  arose  and  made  one  of 
those  little  speeches  that  never  can  he  reported,  in  which  she 
said  : 


I  have  been  half  inclined  while  listening  here  to  believe  that  I  had  passed 
on  to  the  beyond.  If  there  is  one  thing  I  hope  for  more  than  another,  it  is 
that,  should  I  stay  on  this  planet  thirty  years  longer,  I  still  may  be  worthy  of 
the  wonderful  respect  you  have  manifested  for  me  tonight.  The  one  thought 
I  wish  to  express  is  how  little  my  friend  or  I  could  have  accomplished  alone. 
What  she  said  is  true ;  I  have  been  a  thorn  in  her  side  and  in  that  of  her 
family  too,  I  fear.  I  never  expect  to  know  any  joy  in  this  world  equal  to  that 
of  going  up  and  down  the  land,  getting  good  editorials  written,  engaging  halls, 
and  circulating  Mrs.  Stanton’s  speeches.  If  I  ever  have  had  any  inspiration 
she  has  given  it  to  me,  for  I  never  could  have  done  my  work  if  I  had  not  had 
this  woman  at  my  right  hand.  If  I  had  had  a  husband  and  children,  or  op¬ 
position  in  my  own  home,  I  never  could  have  done  it.  My  father  and  mother, 
my  brothers  and  sisters,  those  who  are  gone  and  those  who  are  left,  all  have 
been  a  help  to  me.  How  much  depends  on  the  sympathy  and  co-operation  of 
those  about  us !  It  is  not  necessary  for  all  to  go  to  the  front.  Every  woman 
presiding  over  her  table  in  the  homes  where  I  have  been,  has  helped  sustain 
me,  I  wish  they  could  know  how  much. 


Poems  were  read  or  sent  by  Harriet  Hosmer,  Elizabeth  Boyn¬ 
ton  Harbert,  Alice  Williams  Brotherton  and  a  number  of  others. 
At  the  close  of  Mrs.  Hooker’s  verses  entitled  “  Should  Auld 
Acquaintance  be  Forgot?”  the  entire  company  arose  and  sang 
two  stanzas  of  “Auld  Lang  Syne,”  led  by  the  venerable  John 
Hutchinson.  From  the  many  letters  received  only  a  few  ex¬ 
tracts  can  be  given : 

Allow  me  to  congratulate  you  on  your  safe  arrival  at  the  age  of  threescore 
and  ten.  How  much  we  may  congratulate  ourselves  on  the  great  gains  that 
have  come  to  woman  during  these  years ;  gains  for  which  you  have  worked 
so  hard  and  so  long!  Hoping  that  you  may  still  be  on  this  planet  when  the 
ballot  is  the  sure  possession  of  our  sex,  I  am  very  truly  your  co-worker, 

Lucy  Stone. 

None  can  more  heartily  congratulate  thee  on  thy  threescore  and  ten  years 
nobly  devoted  to  the  welfare  of  humanity,  to  unremitting  labor  for  temper¬ 
ance,  for  the  abolition  of  slavery  and  for  equal  rights  of  citizenship,  irrespect- 


AT  THE  END  OF  SEVENTY  YEARS. 


669 


ive  of  sex  or  color.  We  have 
lived  to  see  the  end  of  slavery, 
and  I  hope  thou  wilt  live  to  see 
prohibition  enforced  in  every 
State  in  the  Union,  and  sex  no 
longer  the  condition  of  citizenship.  God  bless  thee  and  give  thee  many  more 
years  made  happy  by  works  of  love  and  duty.  I  am  truly  thy  friend, 

John  G.  Whittier. 

My  heart  honors,  loves  and  blesses  you.  Every  woman’s  would  if  she  only 
knew  you.  You’ll  have  a  statue  some  day  in  the  Capitol  at  Washington,  but 
your  best  monument  is  built  already  in  your  countrywomen’s  hearts.  God 
bless  you,  brave  and  steadfast  elder  sister!  Accept  this  as  the  only  valentine 
I  ever  wrote.  May  you  live  a  hundred  years  and  vote  the  last  twenty-five,  is 
the  wish  and  prediction  of  your  loyal  sister,  Frances  E.  Willard. 

Miss  Anthony’s  sole  and  effective  fidelity  to  the  cause  of  the  equal  rights  of 
her  sex  is  worthy  of  the  highest  honor,  and  I  know  that  it  will  be  eloquently 
and  fitly  acknowledged  at  the  dinner,  which  I  trust  will  be  in  every  way  suc¬ 
cessful.  Very  respectfully  yours,  George  William  Curtis. 

It  is  a  grief  to  me  that  I  can  not  be  present  to  honor  the  birthday  of  our 
dear  Susan  B.  Anthony;  long  life  to  her!  I  should  have  been  delighted  to 
respond  to  the  toast  proposed,  and  to  bear  my  heartfelt  tribute  of  respect  and 
love  for  the  true  and  unselfish  reformer,  to  whom  women  are  no  more  in¬ 
debted  than  are  men.  “  Time  shall  embalm  and  magnify  her  name.”  Very 
sincerely  yours,  Wm.  Lloyd  Garrison. 

I  know  her  great  earnestness  in  every  righteous  cause,  especially  that  most 
righteous  of  all,  woman  suffrage,  which  I  hope  may  receive  a  new  impulse 
from  your  gathering.  As  I  grow  older  I  feel  assured,  year  by  year,  that  the 
granting  of  suffrage  to  women  will  remedy  many  evils  which  now  are  attend¬ 
ant  on  popular  government ;  and  if  we  are  to  despair  of  that  cause  we  must 
despair  of  the  final  establishment  of  justice  as  the  controlling  power  in  the 
political  affairs  of  mankind.  I  am  faithfully  yours,  George  F.  Hoar. 

I  can  not  venture  to  promise  to  be  present  at  the  dinner  to  be  given  to  Miss 
Anthony,  but  I  should  be  sorry  to  lose  an  opportunity  to  express  my  admira¬ 
tion  of  her  life  and  character.  In  themselves  they  are  ample  refutation  of  the 
charges  made  by  the  unthinking  that  participation  in  public  affairs  would 
make  women  unwomanly.  If  any  system  of  subjection  has  enabled  any 


woman  to  preserve  more  thoroughly  the  respect  and  affectionate  regard  of  all 
her  friends  than  has  Miss  Anthony  amid  the  struggles  of  an  active  and  stren- 


670 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


nous  life  I  have  yet  to  learn  of  it.  With  sincere  hope  that  she  may  have 
many  years  still  left  to  her,  I  am  yours  sincerely,  Thomas  B.  Reed. 

I  think  I  express  the  feeling  of  most  if  not  all  the  workers  in  our  cause 
when  I  say  that  the  women  of  America  owe  more  to  Susan  B.  Anthony  than 
to  any  other  woman  living.  While  Mrs.  Stanton  has  been  the  standard 
bearer  of  liberty,  announcing  great  principles,  Miss  Anthony  has  been  the 
power  which  has  carried  those  principles  on  toward  victory  and  impressed 
them  upon  the  hearts  of  the  people.  Yours  truly,  Olympia  Brown. 

May  you  live  many  years  longer  to  enjoy  the  results  of  your  herculean 
work,  and  score  as  many  triumphs  in  the  future  as  you  have  in  the  past.  On 
the  morning  of  the  15th  some  flowers  will  be  sent  you  with  my  love.  I  wish 
they  were  as  imperishable  as  your  name  and  fame.  Affectionately, 

Mrs.  John  A.  Logan. 


How  good  to  have  lived  through  the  laugh  of  the  world  into  its  smiles  of 
welcome  and  honor— how  much  better  to  have  reached  these  with  a  heart 
gentle  and  humble  like  hers— how  best  of  all  to  care,  as  she  must,  scarce  a 
rush  for  the  personal  honor  and  accept  it  only  as  an  honor  to  the  cause  for 
which  she  has  given  so  many  of  the  seventy  years.  Truly  yours, 

W.  C.  and  Mary  Lewis  Gannett. 

With  the  hope  that  you  may  live  to  one  hundred  or  until,  like  ancient 
Simeon,  you  behold  what  you  hope  for,  I  am  yours  very  truly, 

T.  W.  Palmer. 

My  wife  and  I  send  you  our  hearty  congratulations  on  your  birthday.  May 
you  have  many  happy  returns  of  the  day,  with  increasing  honor  and  affection 
from  your  numerous  friends,  amongst  whom  we  hope  you  will  let  us  count 
ourselves.  Yours  very  truly,  Charles  Nordhoff. 

I  congratulate  you  with  all  my  heart  upon  your  health  and  happiness  on 
this  your  seventieth  birthday,  and  wish  to  say  that  I  believe  no  woman  lives 
in  the  United  States  who  has  done  more  for  her  sex,  and  for  ours  as  well, 
than  yourself.  The  great  advancement  of  women,  not  alone  in  the  direction 
of  suffrage,  but  in  every  field  of  labor  and  every  department  of  the  better  and 
nobler  life  of  manhood  and  womanhood,  during  the  past  generation,  has 
sprung  from  the  work  which  you  inaugurated  years  ago.  Mrs.  Carpenter 
joins  me  in  congratulations  and  good  wishes.  Very  truly  yours, 

Frank  G.  Carpenter. 

Cordial  greetings  were  received  from  Neal  Dow  and  Senator 


AT  THE  END  OF  SEVENTY  YEARS. 


671 


Dawes,  and  letters  and  telegrams  came  from  distinguished 
individuals  and  societies  in  every  State  and  from  many  foreign 
countries.  Over  200  of  these  are  preserved  among  other 
mementoes  of  this  occasion.  Among  the  telegrams  were  these, 
representing  the  great  labor  organization  of  the  country : 

We  congratulate  you  on  the  seventieth  anniversary  of  a  useful  and  success¬ 
ful  life.  May  you  enjoy  many  years  of  health  and  happiness. 

Hannah  Powderly,  T.  V.  Powderly. 

May  your  noble,  self-sacrificing  life  be  spared  to  participate  in  your  heart’s 

dearest  wish — woman’s  full  emancipation. 

Leonora  M.  Barry,  Grand  Organizer  K.  of  L. 


Mrs.  Colby  issued  a  birthday  edition  of  the  Woman’s  Tribune 
containing  a  history  of  Miss  Anthony’s  trial,  a  fine  biographical 

beautiful  tributes  ^  *  y 

from  other  friends, 
among  them  this 
from  Laura  M.  Johns  :  “  Always  to  efface  herself  and  her 

own  interests  and  to  put  the  cause  to  the  fore ;  to  be  striving 
to  place  a  crown  upon  some  other  brow ;  to  be  receiving  and 
giving,  but  never  retaining;  ever  enriching  the  work  but 
never  herself  ;  to  be  busy  through  weariness  and  difficulty  and 
resting  only  in  a  change  of  labor ;  to  bear  the  stinging  hail 
of  ridicule  which  fell  on  this  movement,  and  to  receive  with 
surprised  tears  the  flowers  that  bloomed  in  her  thorny  path  , 
to  be  in  the  heat  of  the  noonday  harvest  field  at  seventy,  with 
years  of  activity  and  usefulness  still  remaining  to  add  to  her 
glorious  life  and  crown  it  with  such  dignity  as  belongs  to 
few — this  is  the  story  of  Susan  B.  Anthony.” 

Miss  Anthony  carried  in  her  arms  seventy  pink  carnations 
with  the  card,  “  For  she’s  the  pink  o’  womankind  and  blooms 
without  a  peer,”  from  Miss  Cummings,  of  Washington. 
Flowers  were  sent  in  profusion,  and  there  was  no  end  of  lovely 
little  remembrances  of  jewelry,  water  colors,  books,  poitf olios, 
card  cases,  handkerchiefs,  fans,  satin  souvenirs,  fancy-work, 


672 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


the  gifts  of  loving  women  in  all  parts  of  the  country.1  The 
evening  was  one  of  the  proudest  and  happiest  of  a  life  which, 
although  filled  with  toil  and  hardship,  had  been  brightened,  as 
had  that  of  few  other  women,  with  the  bountiful  tributes  and 
testimonials  not  only  of  personal  friends  but  of  people  in  all 
parts  of  the  world  who  knew  of  her  only  through  her  work  for 
humanity.  The  next  day  she  sat  down  to  Sunday  dinner  at  a 
table  which,  thanks  to  Mrs.  Spofford’s  thoughtfulness,  had  been 
arranged  especially  for  the  occasion,  surrounded  by  twenty-five 
of  her  own  relatives  who  had  come  to  Washington  to  celebrate 
her  birthday. 

Among  many  newspaper  editorials  upon  this  celebration,  an 
extract  from  the  Boston  Traveller,  which  bears  the  impress  of 
the  gifted  Lilian  Whiting,  may  be  taken  as  an  example  of  the 
general  sentiment : 

Without  any  special  relay  of  theories  on  the  subject,  Miss  Susan  B.  An¬ 
thony  discovered  early  in  life  the  secret  of  imperishable  youth  and  constantly 
increasing  happiness— a  secret  that  may  be  translated  as  personal  devotion  to 
a  noble  purpose.  To  devote  one’s  self  to  something  higher  than  self— this  is 
the  answer  of  the  ages  to  those  who  would  find  the  source  of  immortal  energy 
and  enjoyment.  It  is  a  statement  very  simply  and  easily  made  but  involving 
all  the  philosophy  of  life.  Miss  Anthony  recognized  it  intuitively.  She 
translated  it  into  action  with  little  consciousness  of  its  value  as  a  theory ;  but 
it  is  the  one  deepest  truth  in  existence,  and  one  which  every  human  soul 
must  sometime  or  somewhere  learn. 

On  February  15,  1820,  when  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  born,  Emerson  was  a 
youth  of  seventeen;  Henry  Ward  Beecher  was  a  child  of  seven  and  Harriet 
Beecher  Stowe  a  year  his  junior;  Wendell  Phillips  was  nine,  Whittier  thir¬ 
teen,  and  Wm.  Lloyd  Garrison  fifteen  years  of  age.  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton 
was  four  years  old,  and  Lucy  Stone,  Julia  Ward  Plowe  and  James  Russell 
Lowell  were  Miss  Anthony’s  predecessors  in  this  world  only  by  one  or  two 
years.  Margaret  Fuller  was  ten,  Abraham  Lincoln  was  eleven,  and  thus,  be¬ 
tween  1803-20,  inclusive,  were  born  a  remarkable  group  of  people— a 
galaxy  whose  influence  on  their  century  has  been  unequalled  in  any  age 
or  in  any  country,  since  that  of  Pericles  and  his  associates  in  the  golden 
age  of  Greece.  It  is  only  now,  as  the  work  of  these  immortals  begins  to 

1  There  were  also  more  substantial  tokens,  an  Irish  wool  shawl  from  Mrs.  Chant ;  a  Web¬ 
ster’s  Unabridged  Dictionary  from  Mrs.  Colby,  with  the  inscription,  “  The  words  in  this 
volume  can  not  express  what  women  owe  you a  silk  dress  pattern  from  brother  Daniel  R. ; 
a  $50  check  from  sister  Mary ;  $200  from  Sarah  Willis  of  Rochester,  and  $100  from  the  Woman’s 
Political  Equality  Club  of  that  city  ;  seventy  golden  dollars  from  the  Toledo  Suffrage  Club ; 
$50  from  Mrs.  Arthur  A.  Mosher  of  St.  Louis,  and  enough  $5  bills  in  friendly  letters  to  bring 
the  amount  to  over  $500.  The  very  next  day  Miss  Anthony  gave  a  part  of  this  to  friends  who 
were  ill  or  needy,  including  $50  to  Phoebe  Couzins. 


AT  THE  END  OF  SEVENTY  YEAKS. 


673 


assume  something  of  the  definite  outline  of  completeness;  as  some  results 
of  the  determining  forces  for  which  this  great  galaxy  has  stood,  begin  to  be 
discerned,  that  we  can  adequately  recognize  how  important  to  the  century 
their  lives  have  been.  There  are  undoubtedly  high  spirits  sent  to  earth  with 
a  definite  service  to  render  to  their  age  and  generation ;  a  service  that 
prepares  the  way  for  the  next  ascending  round  on  the  great  cycle  of  progress, 
and  it  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  Susan  B.  Anthony  is  one  of  these. 


E.  Fitch,  editor,  is  entitled  to  a  place  as  the  sentiment  in  the 
city  where  Miss  Anthony  had  made  her  home  for  nearly  half  a 
century : 

The  occasion  is  a  notable  one.  It  is  in  honor  of  one  of  the  noblest  women 
of  her  time.  The  day  is  past  when  Susan  B.  Anthony  is  met  with  ridicule. 
She  is  honored  everywhere.  Consistent  earnestness  will,  at  the  last  if  not  at 
the  first,  command  respect.  Slowly  but  surely,  Miss  Anthony  has  won  that 
respect  from  her  countrymen.  The  cause  of  the  emancipation  of  women,  for 
which  she  has  labored  so  long  and  so  zealously,  is  not  yet  triumphant,  nor  is 
it  probable  that  she  will  live  to  see  woman  suffrage  the  rule  of  the  land ;  but 
at  threescore  years  and  ten,  she  may  freely  cherish  the  faith  that  it  is  a  con¬ 
quering  cause,  destined  some  day  to  be  vindicated  in  the  organic  law  of  the 
separate  American  commonwealths  and  the  Federal  union. 

But  it  is  not  alone  for  the  service  which  Miss  Anthony  has  rendered  to  the 
cause  of  woman  suffrage  that  she  is  highly  honored.  She  is  honored  because 
of  her  womanhood,  because  she  has  ever  been  brave  without  conceit  and 
earnest  without  pretense,  because  she  has  the  heart  to  sympathize  with  suf¬ 
fering  humanity  in  its  various  phases,  and  the  will  to  redress  human  wrongs. 
She  has  revealed  a  true  nobility  of  soul,  and  has  ever  been  patient  under 
abuse  and  misrepresentation.  She  has  allied  herself  with  all  good  causes, 
and  has  been  the  friend  of  those  struggling  against  the  dominion  of  appetite 
as  well  as  of  those  who  have  sought  to  free  themselves  from  political  thralldom. 
She  has  earned  the  esteem  even  of  those  who  were  diametrically  opposed  to 
her  views.  Within  the  movements  which  she  has  urged,  she  has  been  an  ad¬ 
ministrator  rather  than  an  orator,  although  on  occasions  her  speech  has  been 
Ant. — 43 


674  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

informed  with  the  eloquence  of  conviction.  In  private  life  she  has  con¬ 
strained  affection  by  a  gentleness  with  which  the  world  would  hardly  credit 
her ;  but  those  who  best  know  her,  best  know  also  the  gracious  womanhood 
which  illustrates  itself  in  acts  of  unselfishness  and  beneficence. 

The  birthday  was  celebrated  by  individuals  and  clubs  in 
many  states  with  luncheons,  teas,  receptions  and  literary 
entertainments.  After  all  these  pleasant  happenings,  Miss 
Anthony  felt  new  courage  and  hope  to  enter  upon  the  Twenty- 
second  National  Suffrage  Convention,  February  18,  at  Lincoln 
Music  Hall.  This  was  to  be  an  important  meeting,  as  it  was 
to  consummate  the  union  of  the  National  and  American 
organizations,  and  she  was  anxious  for  a  large  attendance. 
“  Do  come,”  she  wrote  to  the  most  influential  friends,  “  if  you 
stay  away  forever  afterwards.  This  will  be  the  crucial  test 
whether  our  platform  shall  continue  broad  and  free  as  it  has 
been  for  forty  years.  Some  now  propose  secession  because  it 
is  to  be  narrow  and  bigoted  ;  others  left  us  twenty  years  ago 
because  it  was  too  liberal.  Some  of  the  prominent  women  are 
writing  me  that  the  union  means  we  shall  be  no  more  than  an 
annex  to  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  hereafter  ;  others  declare  we  are  go¬ 
ing  to  sink  our  identity  and  become  sectarian  and  conserva¬ 
tive.  There  is  not  the  slightest  ground  for  any  of  these  fears, 
but  come  and  be  our  stay  and  support.  ” 

She  also  had  the  annual  struggle  to  secure  the  presence  of 
Mrs.  Stanton,  who  was  about  to  sail  with  her  daughter  for 
England,  but,  after  the  usual  stormy  correspondence,  the  day 
of  departure  was  postponed  and  she  wrote  :  “  You  will  have 

me  under  your  thumb  the  first  of  February.”  As  her  time 
was  limited,  Miss  Anthony  arranged  for  the  hearing  before  the 
Senate  committee  on  February  8,  which  was  held  in  the  new 
room  assigned  to  the  committee  on  woman  suffrage.  A  few 
days  later  the  ladies  spoke  before  the  House  Judiciary  Com¬ 
mittee. 

The  union  of  the  two  organizations  was  effected  before  the 
opening  of  the  convention  and  Mrs.  Stanton  elected  presi¬ 
dent.1  She  faced  a  brilliant  assemblage  at  the  opening  of  the  Na- 
tional-American  Convention  and  made  one  of  the  ablest  speeches 


1  Described  in  detail  in  Chapter  XXXV. 


AT  THE  END  OF  SEVENTY  YEARS. 


675 


of  ll  erlife,  stating  in  the  first  sentence  that  she  considered  it  a 
greater  honor  to  go  to  England  as  the  president  of  this  association 
than  to  be  sent  as  minister  plenipotentiary  to  any  court  in  Europe. 
She  closed  by  introducing  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Stanton  Blatch, 
who  captivated  the  audience.1  Hon.  Wm.  Dudley  Foulke,  ex¬ 
president  of  the  American  Association,  then  delivered  an  elo¬ 
quent  and  schol¬ 
arly  address.  At 
its  close  Mrs.  Stan¬ 
ton  was  obliged 
to  leave,  as  she  sailed  for  Europe  the  next  morning.  When  she 
arose  to  say  farewell  the  entire  audience  joined  in  the  waving 
of  handkerchiefs,  the  clapping  of  hands,  and  the  men  in 
three  rousing  cheers. 

The  usual  corps  of  National  speakers  received  a  notable  ad¬ 
dition  in  Wm.  Lloyd  Garrison,  Julia  Ward  Howe,  Henry  B. 
Blackwell,  Carrie  Chapman  Catt,  Hon.  J.  A.  Pickier  and  Alice 
Stone  Blackwell.  Lucy  Stone,  being  detained  at  home  by 
illness,  sent  a  letter  of  greeting.  When  Miss  Anthony,  as 
vice-president-at-large,  took  the  chair  after  Mrs.  Stanton’s  de¬ 
parture,  a  great  bouquet  of  white  lilies  was  presented  to  her. 

A  woman  suffrage  amendment  was  pending  in  South  Dakota, 
and  the  claims  of  the  new  State  were  presented  by  Representa¬ 
tive  and  Mrs.  Pickier  and  Alonzo  Wardall,  secretary  of  the 
Farmer’s  Alliance  and  vice-president  of  the  suffrage  associa¬ 
tion,  all  of  whom  felt  confident  that  with  financial  help  the 
amendment  could  be  carried  but,  as  the  State  was  poor,  most 
of  this  would  have  to  come  from  outside.  The  convention  be¬ 
came  very  enthusiastic  and  a  South  Dakota  campaign  commit¬ 
tee  was  formed  ;  Susan  B.  Anthony,  chairman,  Clara  B.  Colby, 
Alice  Stone  Blackwell.  Rev.  Anna  H.  Shaw  made  a  stirring 
appeal  for  money.  Miss  Anthony  pledged  all  that  she  could 
raise  between  then  and  the  November  election.  Mrs.  Clara  L. 
McAdow,  of  Montana,  headed  the  list  with  $250.  A  number 
of  ladies  followed  with  pledges  for  their  respective  States.  In 

1  Miss  Anthony  wrote  in  her  journal  that  night :  “  Harriot  said  but  a  few  words,  yet  showed 
herself  worthy  her  mother  and  her  mother’s  life-long  friend  and  co-worker.  It  was  a  proud 
moment  for  me.” 


676 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


a  short  time  it  seemed  evident  that  a  large  sum  could  be  raised 
and,  at  Miss  Anthony’s  request,  the  association  directed  all 
contributions  to  be  sent  to  its  treasurer,  Mrs.  Spofford,  at 
Washington,  and  she  herself  agreed  to  devote  a  year’s  work  to 
Dakota.1 

Miss  Anthony  remained  in  Washington  several  weeks,  looking 
after  various  matters:  first  of  all,  a  representation  of  women  in 
the  management  of  the  Columbian  Exposition  ;  then  there 
were  the  reports  of  the  Senate  and  the  House  committees,  upon 
which  she  always  brought  to  bear  as  much  as  possible  of  that 
“  indirect  influence  ”  which  women  are  said  to  possess.  Just 
now  the  admission  of  Wyoming  as  a  State  with  woman  suffrage 
in  its  constitution  was  hanging  in  the  balance,  but  on  March 
26  she  had  the  inexpressible  pleasure  of  witnessing,  from  her 
seat  in  the  gallery  of  the  House,  the  final  discussion  and  pas¬ 
sage  of  the  bill.2  She  also  was  arranging  for  the  incorporation 
of  the  National- American  Association,  the  old  National,  which 
had  been  a  corporate  body  for  a  number  of  years,  having 
added  American  to  its  name.  The  bills  of  the  convention  were 
to  be  settled,8  and  there  were  still  other  subjects  claiming  her 
attention  before  she  started  for  the  far  West  to  inaugurate  the 
South  Dakota  campaign. 

Miss  Anthony  was  a  welcome  guest  at  dinners  and  receptions 

1  Among  those  who  contributed  largely  to  this  fund  were  Senator  Stanford,  $300;  Rachel 
Foster  Avery,  $300;  George  C.  Lemon,  Washington  City;  Hon.  Ezra  V.  Meeker,  Puyallup; 
Rev.  Anna  H.  Shaw;  Isabella  Hedenberg,  Chicago;  Alice  Stone  Blackwell;  Emily  How¬ 
land,  Sherwood,  N.  Y. ;  O.  G.  and  Alice  Peters,  Columbus,  O. ;  John  L.  Whiting,  Boston; 
Senator  R.  F.  Pettigrew,  Sioux  Falls ;  Albert  O.  Willcox,  New  York,  $100  each  ;  Mary  H.  John¬ 
son,  Louisville,  $115,  which  she  earned  by  knitting  wool  shawls  and  fascinators;  May  Wright 
Sewall  sent  nearly $200,  collected  from  Indiana  friends;  James  and  Martha  Callanan,  Des 
Moines,  $150;  Mary  Grew,  $143  for  the  Pennsylvania  society.  Other  women  sent  their  jewelry 
to  be  sold,  and  one  offered  a  gift  of  western  land.  The  rest  of  the  $5,500  was  sent  in  smaller 
amounts,  and  all  receipts  and  expenditures  were  carefully  entered  on  the  national  treasurer’s 
books  for  1890.  When  later  some  carping  individuals  complained  at  so  much  money  passing 
through  Miss  Anthony’s  hands,  Mrs.  Livermore  silenced  them  by  saying:  “Susan  would 
use  every  dollar  for  suffrage  if  millions  were  given  to  her.” 

2 Mary  Grew  wrote  her  immediately:  “All  hail  and  congratulations!  I  read  in  this 
morning’s  paper  that  you  were  in  the  House  yesterday;  and  I  have  no  doubt  that  today 
you  are  doing  something  to  promote  the  passage  of  the  bill  through  the  Senate.  .  .  .  One 
object  of  this  letter  is  to  urge  you  to  take  more  care  of  your  health.  Emily  Howland  reports 
that  you  are  very  much  overworked  and  exhausted.  Pray  stop  awhile  and  rest  yourself, 
for  the  sake  of  the  cause  as  well  as  for  your  own  and  your  friends’.” 

3I  will  authorize  you  to  add  my  signature  to  yours  in  approving  any  bills  relating  to 
the  expenses  of  the  National-American  convention  just  past.  It  will  save  time  and  trouble. 
You  are  on  the  spot  and  know  all  about  the  bills.  Yours  sincerely,  Lucy  Stone. 


AT  THE  END  OF  SEVENTY  YEARS. 


677 


in  the  homes  of  many  of  the  dignitaries  in  Washington,  but 
accepted  these  invitations  only  when  she  saw  an  opportunity 
thereby  to  further  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage.  She  realized 
fully  that  one  important  step  in  the  work  was  to  interest  women 
of  influence,  socially  and  financially,  and  the  high  plane  of  re¬ 
spectability  which  this  question  had  now  attained  was  at  least 
partly  due  to  her  winters  in  Washington,  where,  at  the  Riggs 
House  and  in  society,  she  met  and  made  friends  with  promi¬ 
nent  men  and  women  from  all  parts  of  the  country  and  con¬ 
verted  them  to  her  doctrines,  which  they  disseminated  in  their 
various  localities  upon  returning  home. 

She  writes  her  sister,  in  describing  social  events,  of  a  dinner 
at  the  handsome  home  of  John  R.  McLean,  owner  of  the  Cin¬ 
cinnati  Enquirer,  who  in  person  brought  the  invitation,  while 
his  wife,  the  daughter  of  General  Beale,  looked  after  her  “as 
if  she  had  been  the  Queen  of  Sheba.’ ’  Here  she  met  Senator 
and  Mrs.  Payne  of  Ohio,  Senator  and  Mrs.  Cockrell  of  Mis¬ 
souri,  Senator  and  Mrs.  Butler  of  Sou+h  Carolina,  Speaker  and 
Mrs.  Reed  of  Maine,  Justice  and  Mrs.  Field  and  other  nota¬ 
bles.  Then  she  speaks  of  a  meeting  of  the  Cobweb  Club,  com¬ 
posed  of  women  in  official  life,  where,  at  the  close  of  her 
informal  talk,  they  crowded  around  her  and  exclaimed  :  “Why, 
Miss  Anthony,  we  never  understood  this  question  before;  of 
course  we  believe  in  it.”  Mrs.  Hearst,  wife  of  the  Senator, 
said  :  “  Had  any  one  ever  presented  this  subject  to  me  as  you 

have  done  today,  you  should  have  had  my  help  long  ago.” 
“And  so  you  see,”  she  writes,  “  that  at  this  juncture  of  our 
movement  much  could  be  accomplished  by  accepting  such  in¬ 
vitations,  but  it  costs  me  more  courage  than  to  face  an 
audience  of  a  thousand  people.” 

While  Miss  Anthony  was  still  in  Washington  she  sat  for  her 
bust  by  a  young  sculptor,  Adelaide  Johnson.  “  So  marble  and 
canvas  both  are  to  tell  the  storv,”  she  wrote,  “for  I  have 
sat  also  for  a  painting.  The  time  draws  near  when  I  must 
start  out  campaigning  and  0,  how  I  dread  it!  ”  During  this 
winter  she  received  an  invitation  from  a  State  W.  C.  T.  U.  to 
bring  a  suffrage  convention  to  their  city  and  they  would  bear  the 


678 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


expenses,  stipulating  only  that  she  herself  should  be  present, 
and  that  “  no  speaker  should  say  anything  which  would  seem 
like  an  attack  on  Christianity. ”  She  wrote  Miss  Shaw: 
“  Won’t  that  prevent  your  going,  Rev.  Anna?  I  wonder  if 
they’ll  be  as  particular  to  warn  all  other  speakers  not  to  say 
anything  which  shall  sound  like  an  attack  on  liberal  religion. 
They  never  seem  to  think  we  have  any  feelings  to  be  hurt 
when  we  have  to  sit  under  their  reiteration  of  orthodox  cant 
and  dogma.  The  boot  is  all  on  one  foot  with  the  dear  religious 
bigots — but  if  they  wTill  all  pull  together  with  us  for  suffrage 
we’ll  continue  to  bear  and  forbear,  as  we  have  done  for  the 
past  forty  years.  ” 

In  this  winter  of  1890  many  loving  letters  passed  between 
Miss  Anthony  and  Rachel  Foster  Avery,  almost  too  sacred  to 
be  quoted,  and  yet  a  few  sentences  may  be  used  to  show  the 
maternal  tenderness  in  the  nature  of  the  great  reformer : 

Of  coarse  I  miss  you  from  my  side,  bat  do  not  feel  for  a  moment  that  any 
doubt  of  your  love  and  loyalty  ever  crosses  my  mind.  No,  my  dear,  you  and 
all  of  us  must  consider  only  the  best  interests  of  the  loved  though  not  yet 
seen.  Banish  anxiety  and  let  the  rest  of  us  take  all  the  work  and  care.  Be 
happy  in  the  new  life  you  are  molding ;  avoid  all  but  lovely  thoughts ;  let 
your  first  and  nearest  and  dearest  feelings  be  for  the  precious  little  one  whose 
temperament  and  nature  you  are  now  stamping.  Your  every  heartbeat,  not 
only  of  love  and  peace  and  beauty,  but  of  the  reverse  as  well,  is  making  its 
mark  on  the  unborn.  ...  I  feel  much  better  satisfied  to  know  Sister 
Mary  is  with  you  for  a  few  days.  If  her  presence  is  comforting,  why  don’t 
you  ask  her  to  stay  with  you  till  the  wee  one  arrives  ? 

And  so  the  serene  and  helpful  sister  Mary  remains  until  a 
telegram  is  sent  to  the  anxious  one,  by  that  time  in  far-off 
Dakota,  announcing  the  birth  of  a  daughter.  “My  heart 
bounded  with  joy,”  wrote  Miss  Anthony,  “  to  hear  the  ordeal 
was  passed  and  the  little,  sassie  Rose  Foster  Avery  safely 
launched  upon  the  big  ocean  of  time.”  And  in  a  little  while 
the  mother  replied  :  “  Darling  Aunt  Susan,  when  I  lie  with 

baby  Rose  in  my  arms,  I  think  so  often  of  what  she  and  I  and 
all  women,  born  and  to  be  born,  owe  to  you,  and  my  heart 
overflows  with  love  and  gratitude.” 


CHAPTER  XXXVIII. 


THE  SOUTH  DAKOTA  CAMPAIGN. 

1890. 

ISS  ANTHONY  left  Washington  to  attend  the  wed¬ 
ding  of  her  nephew,  Wendell  Phillips  Mosher,  and 
Carolyn  Louise  Mixer,  at  Cleveland,  0.,  April  17 ; 
stopped  in  Chicago  for  a  day,  and  reached  Huron, 
S.  Dak.,  April  23,  1890. 1  During  the  early  win¬ 
ter  she  had  had  the  most  urgent  letters  from  this  State,  begging 
her  to  hasten  her  coming,  that  all  depended  upon  her.  “  If 
you  will  come  we  will  throw  off  our  coats  and  go  to  work,’7 
wrote  the  men.  “  Woe  to  the  man  or  woman  who  is  not  loyal 
to  you  !  If  ever  you  were  needed  anywhere,  you  are  needed 
here  now,”  wrote  the  women.  When  she  had  been  in  South 
Dakota  the  previous  autumn,  all  had  united  in  urging  her  to 
take  charge  of  the  campaign,  and  for  months  she  had  been 
receiving  appeals  for  help.  “  We  have  not  enough  money  to 
organize  one  county,”  came  from  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee.  In  January,  from  Alonzo  Wardall,  vice-president 
of  the  State  Association,  a  We  are  very  grateful  for  your  earn¬ 
est  efforts  in  our  behalf  and  trust  you  will  be  able  to  spend  the 
coming  summer  with  us.”  His  wife,  the  superintendent  of 
press,  wrote  in  February  :  We  shall  give  you  the  credit, 

dear  Miss  Anthony,  if  we  succeed  next  November.” 

On  March  5,  the  president  of  the  association,  S.  A.  Ramsey, 
said  in  the  course  of  a  long  letter.:  “  I  had  begun  to  feel  mis¬ 
givings  relative  to  our  success,  because  we  were  so  poorly  pre- 

1  “I  am  homesick  already,”  she  wrote  Mrs.  Spofford,  “and  have  been  every  minute  since  I 
left  Washington.  My  choice  would  be  to  live  there  most  of  the  year,  but  no!  Duty  first, 
ease  and  comfort  afterwards,  even  if  they  never  come.” 

(679) 


680 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


pared  for  the  great  conflict  which  is  pending ;  but  the  appoint¬ 
ment  by  the  national  convention  of  a  special  committee  to  aid 
us  in  our  work  has  inspired  me  with  great  hope,  especially 
as  you  were  placed  at  the  head  of  that  committee.”  Mrs.  H. 
M,  Barkei,  State  organizer,  wrote  March  10  ;  11  Organizing 

must  have  stopped  in  the  third  district,  had  it  not  been  for  the 
money  you  sent.  It  is  utterly  impossible  for  us  to  pay  even 
$10  a  week  to  organizers.  I  have  been  disappointed  in  my 
home  workers,  so  many  incapacitated  for  various  reasons.  We 
shall  make  suffrage  a  specialty  in  all  our  W.  C.  T.  U.  county 
and  district  conventions.”  And  April  11,  the  State  secretary, 
Rev.  M.  Barker,  supplemented  this  with  :  “  It  is  absolutely 

impossible  to  raise  money  in  the  State  to  pay  speakers  and 
furnish  literature.  This  you  understand.  The  election  must 
go  by  default  if  it  is  expected.” 

At  the  Washington  convention  it  had  been  ordered  that  all 
contributions  should  be  forwarded  to  the  national  treasurer 
ana  disbursea  by  order  of  the  committee.  Notwithstanding 
this,  a  large  proportion  was  sent  directly  to  Miss  Anthony  with 
the  express  stipulation  that  it  should  be  expended  under  her 
peisonai  supervision.  There  never  was  a  woman  connected 
with  the  suffrage  movement  who  could  collect  as  much  money 
as  she ;  people  would  give  to  her  who  refused  all  others,  with 
the  injunction  that  she  should  use  according  to  her  own  judg¬ 
ment.  That  which  was  sent  her  for  Dakota  she  turned  over 
at  once  to  the  treasurer,  Mrs.  Spofford,  and  paid  all  the  cam¬ 
paign  bills  by  checks. 

I  lie  Dakota  people  had  made  the  mistake  of  electing  a  suf¬ 
frage  board  entirely  of  men,  except  the  treasurer  and  State 
organizer;  and,  although  they  had  not  a  dollar  in  their  treas¬ 
ury  and  no  prospects,  they  agreed  to  pay  the  secretary  $100  a 
month  for  his  services  !  When  money  from  all  parts  of  the 
country  had  been  sent  to  the  national  treasurer,  until  the 
Dakota  fund  reached  $5,500,  the  executive  committee  of  that 
State  suddenly  discovered  that  they  could  manage  their  own 
campaign,  and  made  a  demand  upon  the  national  committee 
to  turn  the  funds  over  to  them.  Miss  Anthony,  as  chairman, 


THE  SOUTH  DAKOTA  CAMPAIGN. 


681 


already  had  sent  them  $300  for  preliminary  work ;  had  written 
and  telegraphed  that  the  services  of  Miss  Shaw  could  be  had 
for  only  one  month,  at  that  time,  and  asked  if  they  would 
arrange  her  routes ;  and  had  twice  written  them  to  send  her 
their  “  plan  of  campaign,’ ’  but  had  received  no  answer  to  any  of 
these  communications.  At  the  last  moment  she  was  obliged 
herself  to  make  out  Miss  Shaw’s  route  and  send  her  into  the 
field  with  practically  no  advertisement.  On  March  29  she 

wrote  to  the  State  president: 

« 

Immediately  on  the  receipt  of  your  answer  to  my  first  letter  to  your  execu¬ 
tive  committee,  instead  of  sending  you  a  personal  reply  I  wrote  again  to  the 
entire  committee,  answering  the  various  points  presented  by  you,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Barker  and  others.  This  I  did  to  save  writing  the  same  thing  to  half  a 
dozen  different  people,  as  well  as  to  make  sure  that  I  should  get  your  official 
action  upon  what  seemed  to  me  most  important  matters ;  but  to  this  date  I 
have  received  not  only  no  official  answer,  but  no  information  which  shows 
my  letter  to  have  been  acted  upon.  Nor  have  I  heard  from  any  member  of 
the  committee  that  you  have  mapped  out  any  plan  of  campaign,  or  have 
accepted  and  proposed  to  work  on  the  one  which  I  outlined  last  November  at 
the  Aberdeen  meeting,  and  twice  over  have  stated  in  my  letters. 

You,  personally,  say  to  me  that  you  must  have  the  national  funds  put  into 
your  treasury  before  you  can  plan  work.  Now,  my  dear  sir,  as  a  business 
man  you  never  would  give  your  money  to  any  person  or  committee  until  they 
had  presented  to  you  a  plan  for  using  it  which  met  your  approval.  Then  I 
have  had  no  indication  of  any  intention  on  the  part  of  your  executive  com¬ 
mittee  or  State  organizer  to  hold  any  series  of  suffrage  meetings  or  conven¬ 
tions.  The  only  ones  written  of  are  W.  C.  T.  U.  county  and  district  conven¬ 
tions.  California’s  suffrage  lecturer,  I  am  informed,  is  to  be  introduced  to  the 
State  at  the  First  District  W.  C.  T.  U.  Convention. 

Now,  I  want  to  say  to  you  individually,  and  to  the  executive  committee  gen¬ 
erally,  that  the  National-American  South  Dakota  committee  will  pay  the 
money  entrusted  to  them  only  to  suffrage  lecturers  and  suffrage  conventions. 
We  shall  not  pay  it  to  any  individual  or  association  for  anjr  other  purpose,  or 
in  any  other  name,  than  suffrage  for  women,  pure  and  simple.  We  talked  this 
over  fully  in  your  executive  committee  meeting  at  Aberdeen  last  fall,  and  all 
agreed  that,  while  the  temperance  societies  worked  for  suffrage  in  their  way,  the 
suffrage  campaign  should  be  carried  forward  on  the  basis  of  the  one  princi¬ 
ple.  Our  national  money  will  not  go  to  aid  Prohibition  leagues,  Grand  Army 
encampments,  Woman’s  Relief  Corps,  W.  C.  T.  U.  societies  or  any  others, 
though  all,  we  hope,  will  declare  and  work  for  the  suffrage  amendment.  We 
can  not  ally  ourselves  with  the  Prohibition  or  Anti-Prohibition  party — the 
Democrats  or  the  Republicans.  Each  may  do  splendid  work  for  suffrage 
within  its  own  organization,  and  we  shall  rejoice  in  all  that  do  so ;  but  the 
South  Dakota  and  the  National-American  Associations  must  stand  on  their 
own  ground. 


682 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Co-operation  is  what  our  committee  desire,  and  we  stand  ready  to  aid  in 
holding  three  series  of  county  conventions  with  three  sets  of  speakers,  at 
least  one  of  each  set  a  national  speaker,  beginning  on  May  1  and  continuing 
until  the  school  election,  June  24.  I  am  feeling  sadly  disappointed  that  every 
voting  precinct  of  every  county  has  not  been  visited,  and  will  not  have  been 
by  the  1st  of  May,  as  was  agreed  upon  at  Aberdeen.  Still,  I  want  to  begin 
now  and  henceforth  push  the  work ;  but  the  entire  fund  would  not  pay  every 
single  man  and  woman  in  the  State  who  helps,  hence  every  one  who  can  must 
work  without  cost  either  to  the  State  or  national  committee. 

On  the  7th  of  April  Miss  Anthony  wrote  to  the  State  secre¬ 
tary  : 

✓ 

Yours  mailed  April  3  is  received.  The  National-American  committee  have 
only  about  $1,300  yet  in  hand,  and  we  have  arranged  a  trip  through  your  State 
for  Rev.  Anna  Shaw.  When  your  committee  did  not  answer  my  telegram,  I 
could  not  wait  longer  for  fear  of  losing  Miss  Shaw’s  good  work  before  the  stu¬ 
dents  of  your  various  educational  institutions,  and  having  had  urgent  impor¬ 
tunities  from  Mrs.  D.  W.  Mayer  to  send  some  of  our  very  best  speakers  to 
Vermillion  so  that  the  600  students  there  might  be  roused  to  thought  before 
separating  for  the  summer,  I  felt  the  cause  could  not  afford  to  lose  Miss 
Shaw’s  effective  services  and  so  mapped  out  her  route,  and  telegraphed  and 
wrote  asking  that  she  be  advertised. 

Now,  my  dear  friends,  once  for  all,  I  want  to  say  on  behalf  of  our  South 
Dakota  committee,  the  National-American  Association,  and  the  friends  who 
have  placed  money  in  our  hands — that  we  shall  no  more  turn  it  over  to  you 
to  appropriate  as  your  executive  committee  please,  without  our  voice  or 
vote,  than  you  would  turn  over  the  money  entrusted  to  your  care  to  our  com¬ 
mittee  to  spend  as  we  choose,  without  your  voice  or  vote.  But  while  we  shall 
retain  our  right  to  expend  the  national  fund  in  accordance  with  our  best  judg¬ 
ment,  we  shall  in  future,  as  I  have  several  times  written  your  committee, 
hold  ourselves  ready  to  help  defray  the  cost  of  whatever  work  you  present  to 
us.  I  have  once  verbally,  and  twice  or  oftener  by  letter,  presented  a  plan  of 
campaign  asking  your  adoption  of  it,  or  of  one  which  suited  you  better,  tell¬ 
ing  you  that  we  would  co-operate  with  you  in  executing  the  plan  and  paying 
therefor ;  and  to  all  of  my  propositions  to  help,  the  one  reply  has  been :  “  The 
wheels  are  blocked  until  you  turn  the  money  over  to  us.  You  in  Washington 
can  not  run  the  South  Dakota  campaign.”  Now  nearly  five  months  have 
elapsed,  and,  so  far  as  reported,  the  resident  committee  have  adopted  no  plan 
and  had  no  organizers  at  work  in  the  different  counties. 

Rev.  Anna  Shaw  made  her  lecture  tour  throughout  the  State, 
and  wrote  Miss  Anthony  that  the  people  everywhere  were  most 
anxious  for  her  to  come  and  there  was  not  the  slightest  disaffec¬ 
tion  except  on  the  part  of  two  or  three  persons  who  wished  to 
handle  the  funds.  To  these  Miss  Shaw  said  : 


i 


THE  SOUTH  DAKOTA  CAMPAIGN. 


683 


What  oar  committee  object  to,  and  what  they  have  no  right  to  do  by  the  vote 
of  our  convention,  is  to  put  a  dollar  of  our  money  into  your  treasury  to  be 
spent  without  our  consent  or  for  any  purpose  of  which  we  do  not  approve. 
For  example,  not  one  of  us,  myself  least  of  all,  will  consent  to  take  out  of  the 
contributions  from  friends  of  suffrage  one  dollar  to  pay  towards  a  salary  of 
$100  a  month  to  any  man  as  secretary.  We  do  not  pay  our  national  secretary 
a  cent,  and  we  have  no  doubt  there  are  plenty  of  women  in  the  State  of  Da¬ 
kota  who  would  be  glad  to  do  the  secretary’s  work  for  love  of  the  cause.  I 
understand  it  has  been  planned,  and  the  statement  has  gone  out,  that  your 
committee  propose  to'  cut  loose  from  Miss  Anthony.  Now  if  you  do, 
you  cut  loose  from  the  goose  that  lays  the  golden  egg  for  the  South  Dakota 
work ;  you  cut  loose  from  all  the  national  speakers  and  workers  and  all  the 
money  given. 

Miss  Anthony  wrote  Alice  Stone  Blackwell : 

I  fully  agree  with  you  and  dear  Mrs.  Wallace  about  not  antagonizing  the 
prohibition  and  W.  C.  T.  U.  people  who  made  the  6,000  majority  last  fall  in 
South  Dakota ;  but  I  also  feel  that  we  must  not  antagonize  the  license  people,  for 
they  are  one-half  of  the  voters,  lacking  only  6,000,  and  fully  6,000  of  the  Pro¬ 
hibition  men  are  anti-suffragists  and  can  not  be  converted.  Hence  it  is 
also  vastly  important  that  the  license  men  shall  not  have  just  cause  to  feel 
that  our  national  suffrage  lecturers  are  W.  C.  T.  U.  agents.  That  is  my  one 
point— that  we  shall  not  at  the  outset  repel  every  man  who  is  not  a  Prohi¬ 
bitionist. 

But  we  shall  see.  I  surely  am  as  earnest  a  prohibitionist  and  total  ab¬ 
stainer  as  any  woman  or  man  in  South  Dakota  or  anywhere  else.  But  they 
have  prohibition,  and  now  are  after  suffrage ;  therefore  it  should  not  be  the 
old  prohibition  and  W.  C.  T.  U.  yardstick  in  this  campaign,  but  instead  it 
must  be  the  woman  suffrage  yardstick  alone  by  which  every  man  and  every 
woman  shall  be  measured.  Rest  assured  I  shall  try  not  to  offend  a  single 
voter,  of  whatever  persuasion,  for  it  is  votes  we  are  after  now.  I  hope  to  make 
such  a  good  showing  of  work  done  in  this  spring  campaign,  that  our  friends 
will  feel  like  giving  another  and  larger  contribution  to  help  on  the  fall  can¬ 
vass. 

The  editors  of  the  two  suffrage  papers,  the  officers  of  the 
National- American  Association,  the  largest  contributors  to  the 
fund  and  the  other  members  of  the  committee,  all  sustained 
Miss  Anthony  in  her  position.  Zerelda  G.  Wallace  published 
the  following  notice  :  “  Having  pledged  to  the  committee  on 

work  in  South  Dakota  one  month’s  services  in  the  projected 
suffrage  campaign  in  that  State,  I  wish  to  announce  publicly 
that  all  I  do  there  will  be  done  under  the  direction  of  the 

South  Dakota  committee  of  which  Susan  B.  Anthony  is  chair- 

)  > 


man. 


684 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Finally,  on  April  15,  the  executive  committee  of  South 
Dakota  forwarded  their  plan,  which  included  a  provision  that 
“every  dollar  expended  should  pass  through  the  State  treasury, 
and  that  the  State  executive  committee  should  have  control  of 
all  plans  of  work  and  decide  what  lecturers  should  be  engaged 
but  by  the  time  it  reached  Washington  Miss  Anthony  was  well 
on  her  way  to  South  Dakota.  When  she  arrived  she  found 
that  it  was  just  as  she  had  been  informed,  the  disaffection  was 
confined  to  a  few  persons,  but  the  body  of  workers  made  her 
welcome  and  she  was  cordially  received  throughout  the  State. 
Mrs.  Emma  Smith  DeVoe,  State  lecturer  and  one  of  the  ablest 
women,  at  once  placed  her  services  at  Miss  Anthony’s  disposal, 
and  in  a  short  time  nearly  all  were  working  in  harmony  with 
the  national  plan. 

The  autumn  previous,  when  Miss  Anthony  was  attending  a 
convention  in  Minneapolis,  H.  L.  Loucks  and  Alonzo  Wardall, 
president  and  secretary  of  the  South  Dakota  Farmers’  Alliance, 
had  made  a  journey  expressly  to  ask  her  to  come  into  the  State 
to  conduct  this  canvass.  She  had  replied  that  she  never  again 
would  go  into  an  amendment  campaign  unless  it  was  endorsed 
and  advocated  by  at  least  one  of  the  two  great  political  parties. 
They  assured  her  that  the  Farmers’  Alliance  dominated  politics 
in  South  Dakota,  that  it  held  the  balance  of  power,  and  the 
year  previous  had  compelled  the  Republicans  to  put  a  prohibi¬ 
tion  plank  in  their  platform  and,  through  the  influence  of  the 
Alliance,  that  amendment  had  been  carried  by  6,000  majority. 
They  were  ready  now  to  do  the  same  for  woman  suffrage.  It 
was  wholly  because  of  the  assurance  of  this  support  that  Miss 
Anthony  took  the  responsibility  of  raising  the  funds  and  con¬ 
ducting  the  campaign  in  South  Dakota. 

When  she  arrived  in  the  State,  April  23,  none  of  the  political 
conventions  had  been  held.  In  co-operation  with  the  State 
executive  board,  she  at  once  planned  the  suffrage  mass  meet¬ 
ings,  arranged  work  for  the  corps  of  speakers,  pushed  the  dis¬ 
trict  organization  and  made  speeches  herself  almost  every  night. 
The  National-American  Association  sent  into  the  State  and  paid 
the  expenses  of  Rev.  Anna  Shaw,  Rev.  Olympia  Brown,  Laura 


THE  SOUTH  DAKOTA  CAMPAIGN. 


685 


M.  Johns,  Mary  Seymour  Howell,  Carrie  Chapman  Catt,  Julia 
B.  Nelson  and  Clara  B.  Colby.1  It  also  contributed  over 
$1,000  to  the  office  expenses  of  the  State  committee,  paid  $400 
to  the  Woman’s  Journal  and  Woman’s  Tribune  for  thousands 
of  copies  to  be  sent  to  residents  of  South  Dakota  during  the 
campaign,  and  flooded  the  State  with  suffrage  literature.  The 
speakers  collected  altogether  $1,400  in  South  Dakota,  which 
went  toward  their  expenses.  California,  as  her  contribution 
to  the  national  fund,  raised  $1,000  through  a  committee  con¬ 
sisting  of  Hon.  George  C.  Perkins,  Mrs.  Ellen  Clark  Sargent, 
Mrs.  Knox  Goodrich,  Hon.  W.  H.  Mills,  Miss  Sarah  C.  Sev¬ 
erance  and  Dr.  Alida  C.  Avery.  This  was  used  to  pay  the  ex¬ 
penses  of  Matilda  Hindman  for  eight  months,  as  one  of  the 
campaign  organizers  and  speakers. 

As  Miss  Anthony  was  on  her  way  to  a  meeting  June  3,  she 
received  a  telegram  which  sent  her  at  once  to  Huron,  where 
the  annual  convention  of  the  Farmers’  Alliance  was  in  session. 
Upon  arriving  she  found  her  information  had  been  correct, 
that  the  Alliance  and  the  Knights  of  Labor  had  combined 
forces  and  were  about  to  form  an  independent  party.  She  was 
permitted  to  address  the  convention  and  in  the  most  impas¬ 
sioned  language  she  begged  them  not  to  take  this  step,  as  it  would 
be  death  to  the  woman  suffrage  amendment.  She  appealed  to 
them  in  the  name  of  their  wives  and  daughters  at  home,  doing 
double  duty  in  order  that  the  men  might  attend  this  conven¬ 
tion  ;  she  reminded  them  of  their  pledges  to  herself  and  the 
other  women  to  stand  by  the  amendment,  and  showed  them 
that,  of  themselves,  they  would  not  be  strong  enough  to  carry 
it,  and  that  the  Republican  party,  unless  sustained  by  the  Al¬ 
liance,  would  not  and  could  not  support  it.  Her  appeals  fell 
upon  deaf  ears,  and  the  old  story  was  repeated— the  women 
sacrificed  to  party  expediency. 

The  Alliance  of  478  delegates,  at  its  State  convention  the 
previous  year,  November,  1889,  after  Miss  Anthony’s  speech 

1  Mrs.  Wallace  was  kept  at  home  by  serious  illness  in  her  family.  In  a  letter  to  Miss 
Anthony,  August  18,  expressing  her  deep  regret,  she  said:  “Money  would  be  no  object 
with  me  if  I  could  overcome  the  other  difficulties  in  the  way,  but  as  I  can  not,  I  fear  I 
shall  have  to  let  you  think  I  am  unreliable.  I  regret  this,  as  there  is  no  woman  (except 
Miss  Willard)  whose  good  opinion  I  value  so  highly  as  yours.” 


686 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


and  after  she  had  met  with  its  business  committee,  had  passed 
this  resolution  : 

Besolved,  That  we  will  do  all  in  our  power  to  aid  in  woman’s  enfranchise¬ 
ment  in  South  Dakota  at  the  next  general  election,  by  bringing  it  before  the 
local  Alliances  for  agitation  and  discussion,  thereby  educating  the  masses 
upon  the  subject. 

The  Knights  of  Labor,  at  their  annual  convention  in  Aber¬ 
deen,  January,  1890,  had  adopted  the  following  : 

Besolved,  That  the  Knights  of  Labor,  in  assembly  convened,  do  hereby 
declare  that  we  will  support  with  all  our  strength  the  amendment  to  the  State 
Constitution  of  South  Dakota,  to  be  voted  on  at  the  next  general  election, 
giving  to  our  wives,  mothers  and  sisters  the  ballot.  .  .  .  We  believe  that 

giving  to  the  women  of  our  country  the  ballot  is  the  first  step  towards  secur¬ 
ing  those  reforms  for  which  all  true  Knights  of  Labor  are  striving. 

This  action  was  taken  by  both  conventions  after  the  amend¬ 
ment  had  been  submitted,  and  it  was  intended  as  a  pledge  of 
support.  And  yet  the  following  June  these  two  bodies  formed 
a  new  political  party  and  refused  to  put  a  woman  suffrage 
plank  in  their  platform  !  H.  L.  Loucks  was  himself  a  candi¬ 
date  for  governor  on  this  Independent  ticket,  and  in  his 
annual  address  at  this  time  never  mentioned  woman  suffrage. 
Before  adjourning,  the  convention  passed  a  long  resolution 
making  seven  or  eight  declarations,  among  them  one  that  “  no 
citizen  should  be  disfranchised  on  account  of  sex,”  but,  during 
the  entire  campaign,  as  far  as  their  party  advocacy  was  con¬ 
cerned,  this  question  was  a  dead  issue.1 

The  State  Democratic  Convention  met  at  Aberdeen  the  fol¬ 
lowing  week,  and  a  committee  of  representative  Dakota  women 
was  sent  to  present  the  claims  of  the  amendment.  They  were 
•  invited  to  seats  on  the  platform  and  there  listened  to  an  address 
by  Hon.  E.  W.  Miller,  of  Parker  county,  land  receiver  of  the 
Huron  district,  in  which,  according  to  the  press  reports,  "he 
declared  that  no  decent,  respectable  woman  asked  for  the  ballot; 
that  the  women  who  did  so  were  a  disgrace  to  their  homes; 

1  In  order  to  keep  her  next  engagement,  Miss  Anthony  was  obliged  to  leave  Huron  at  7 :30 
A.  M.,  drive  sixteen  miles  in  the  face  of  a  heavy  northwest  wind  and  rain,  travel  all  day  and 
speak  that  evening.  “  I  did  the  best  I  could,”  she  wrote  in  her  journal. 


THE  SOUTH  DAKOTA  CAMPAIGN. 


687 


that  when  women  voted  men  would  have  to  suckle  the  babies,’ ’ 
and  used  other  expressions  of  an  indecent  nature,  “which 
were  received  with  prolonged  and  vigorous  cheers.”  (Argus- 
Leader,  June  16,  1890.  )*  Judge  Bangs,  of  Rapid  City,  who 
had  brought  in  a  minority  report  in  favor  of  a  suffrage  plank, 
supported  it  in  an  able  and  dignified  speech,  but  it  was  over¬ 
whelmingly  voted  down  amidst  great  disorder.  A  large  dele¬ 
gation  of  Russians  came  to  this  convention  wearing  great 
yellow  badges  (the  brewers’  color  in  South  Dakota)  lettered 
“  Against  woman  suffrage  and  Susan  B.  Anthony. 

The  Republican  State  Convention  met  in  Mitchell,  August 
27.  A  suffrage  mass  meeting  was  held  the  two  days  preceding, 
and  every  possible  effort  made  to  secure  a  plank  in  the  plat¬ 
form.  Most  of  the  national  speakers  and  a  large  body  of 
earnest  and  influential  South  Dakota  men  and  women  were 
present.  Rev.  Anna  Shaw  graphically  relates  an  incident 
which  deserves  a  place  in  history  : 

When  the  Republicans  had  their  State  convention  some  of  the  leading  men 
promised  that  we  should  have  a  plank  in  the  platform,  so  we  went  down  to 
see  it  through.  We  requested  seats  in  the  body  of  the  house  for  our  delega¬ 
tion,  which  was  composed  of  most  of  the  national  speakers  and  the  brainiest 
women  in  South  Dakota,  but  we  were  informed  there  was  absolutely  no  room 
for  us.  Finally  a  friend  secured  admission  for  ten  on  the  very  back  of  the 
platform,  where  we  could  neither  see  nor  hear  unless  we  stood  on  our  chairs. 
We  begged  a  good  seat  for  Miss  Anthony  but  no  place  could  be  made  for  her. 
Soon  after  the  convention  opened,  an  announcement  was  made  that  a  delega¬ 
tion  was  waiting  outside  and  that  back  of  this  delegation  would  probably  be 
5,000  votes.  It  was  at  once  moved  and  seconded  that  they  be  invited  in,  and 
a  committee  was  sent  to  escort  them  to  seats  on  the  floor  of  the  house.  In  a 
moment  it  returned,  followed  by  three  big,  dirty  Indians  in  blankets  and 
moccasins.  Plenty  of  room  for  Indian  men,  but  not  a  seat  for  American 
women ! 

We  asked  for  a  chance  to  address  the  delegates,  but  the  chairman  adjourned 
the  convention,  and  then  announced  that  we  might  speak  during  the  recess. 
That  night  we  went  back  again  to  the  hall,  and  the  resolution  committee  not 
being  ready  to  report,  the  audience  called  for  leading  speakers,  but  none  of 
them  dared  say  a  word  because  they  did  not  yet  know  what  would  be  in  the 
platform.  Finally  when  no  man  would  respond  they  called  for  me,  and  I 

»  Then  E.  W.  Miller  took  the  floor,  and  in  a  disgusting  manner  and  vile  language  be¬ 
rated  the  women  present  and  all  woman  suffragists.  .  .  .  Miller  disgraced  the  name  of 

Democracy,  disgraced  his  constituents,  disgraced  South  Dakota,  disgraced  the  name  of  man 
by  his  brutal  and  low  remarks  in  the  presence  of  ladies  and  gentlemen.— Aberdeen  Pioneer. 


688 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


went  forward  and  said:  “  Gentlemen,  I  am  not  afraid  to  speak,  for  I  know 
what  is  in  our  platform  and  I  know  also  what  I  want  you  to  introduce  into 
yours.” 

She  then  made  her  plea.  It  was  cordially  received,  but  the 
platform  entirely  ignored  the  question  of  woman  suffrage. 
This  was  true  also  of  the  press  and  party  speakers  during  the 
campaign,  with  one  exception.  Hon.  J.  A.  Pickier  was  re¬ 
nominated  for  Congress,  and  in  his  speech  of  acceptance 
declared  his  belief  in  woman  suffrage  and  his  regret  that  the 
Republicans  did  not  adopt  it  in  their  platform.  He  was  warned 
by  the  party  leaders,  but  replied  that  he  would  advocate  it 
even  if  he  imperilled  his  chances  for  election.  He  spoke  in 
favor  of  the  amendment  throughout  his  campaign  and  was 
elected  without  difficulty.  His  wife,  Alice  M.  Pickier,  was 
one  of  the  most  effective  speakers  and  workers  among  the  Da¬ 
kota  women  and,  although  Mr.  Pickier  was  a  candidate,  she 
did  not  once  speak  upon  Republican  issues  but  confined  her¬ 
self  wholly  to  the  question  of  woman  suffrage.  She  was  as 
true  and  courageous  as  her  husband.  Although  fair  reports 
of  the  suffrage  meetings  were  published,  scarcely  a  newspaper 
in  the  State  gave  editorial  endorsement  to  the  amendment. 

The  adverse  action  of  the  party  conventions  virtually  de¬ 
stroyed  all  chance  for  success,  but  the  suffrage  speakers  usually 
found  enthusiastic  audiences,  and  the  friends  still  hoped 
against  hope  that  they  might  secure  a  popular  vote.  Miss 
Anthony  never  lost  courage,  and  her  letters  were  full  of  good 
cheer.  “Tell  everybody, ”  she  wrote,  “that  I  am  perfectly 
well  in  body  and  mind,  never  better,  and  never  doing  more 
work.  .  .  .  Anna  Shaw  and  I  are  on  our  way  to  the  Black 
Hills,  and  shall  rush  into  Sioux  City  for  a  pay  lecture  and  turn 
the  proceeds  over  to  the  Dakota  fund.  ...  0,  the  lack  of  the 
modern  comforts  and  conveniences!  But  I  can  put  up  with  it 
better  than  any  of  the  young  folks.  .  .  .  All  of  us  must  strain 
every  nerve  to  move  the  hearts  of  men  as  they  never  before 
were  moved.  I  shall  push  ahead  and  do  my  level  best  to 
carry  this  State,  come  weal  or  woe  to  me  personally.  ...  I 
never  felt  so  buoyed  up  with  the  love  and  sympathy  and  confi- 


THE  SOUTH  DAKOTA  CAMPAIGN. 


689 


dence  of  the  good  people  everywhere.  .  .  .  The  friends  here 
are  very  sanguine  and  if  I  had  not  had  my  hopes  dashed  to 
the  earth  in  seven  State  campaigns  before  this,  I,  too,  would 
dare  believe.  But  I  shall  not  be  cast  down,  even  if  voted 
down.” 

The  eastern  friends  sent  appreciative  letters.  “The  thought 
of  you  and  your  fellow-workers  in  South  Dakota  in  this  hot 
weather  and  with  insufficient  funds,  has  lain  like  lead  upon 
my  heart,”  wrote  John  Hooker.  “  How  I  wish  I  could  accept 
your  invitation  to  come  to  you  and  talk  to  the  old  soldiers, 
said  Clara  Barton  ;  “  but  alas,  I  have  not  the  strength.  My 
heart,  my  hopes,  are  with  you  and  if  there  is  a  spoke  I  can 
get  hold  of,  I  will  help  turn  that  wheel  before  the  campaign  is 
over.  My  love  is  always  with  you  and  your  glorious  cause, 
my  dear,  dear  Susan  Anthony.” 


Anna  Shaw  wrote  from  Ohio  in  August :  “I  am  trying  to 
follow  your  magnificent  example,  in  quietly  passing  over  every 
personal  matter  for  the  sake  of  the  greatest  good  for  the  work. 
Whenever  I  find  myself  giving  way,  I  think  of  you  and  all 
you  have  borne  and  get  fresh  courage  to  try  once  more.  Dear 
Aunt  Susan,  my  heart  is  reaching  out  with  such  a  great  long¬ 
ing  for  my  mother,  now  eighty  years  old,  that  I  must  go  to 
her  for  a  few  days  before  I  enter  upon  that  long  canvass,  but 
I  will  come  to  you  soon.” 

It  was  a  hard  campaign,  the  summer  the  hottest  ever  known, 
the  distances  long,  the  entertainment  the  best  which  could  be 
offered,  good  in  the  towns  but  in  the  rural  districts  sometimes 
very  poor,  and  the  speakers  slept  more  than  once  in  sod  houses 
where  the  only  fuel  for  preparing  the  meals  consisted  of  “buf- 


Ant. — 44 


690 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


falo  chips.”  The  people  were  in  severe  financial  straits.  A 
two  years’  drouth  had  destroyed  the  crops,  and  prairie  fires 
had  swept  away  the  little  which  was  left.  “  Starvation  stares 
them  in  the  face,”  Miss  Anthony  wrote.  “  Why  could  not 
Congress  have  appropriated  the  money  for  artesian  wells  and 
helped  these  earnest,  honest  people,  instead  of  voting  $40,000 
for  a  commission  to  come  out  here  and  investigate  ?  ” 

Frequently  the  speakers  had  to  drive  twenty  miles  between 
the  afternoon  and  evening  meetings,  in  the  heat  of  sum¬ 
mer  and  the  chill  of  late  autumn  ;  at  one  time  forty  miles  on  a 
wagon  seat  without  a  back.  On  the  Fourth  of  July,  a  roasting 
day,  Miss  Anthony  spoke  in  the  morning,  drove  fifteen 
miles  to  speak  again  in  the  afternoon,  and  then  left  at  night  in 
a  pouring  rain  for  a  long  ride  in  a  freight-car.  At  one  town 
the  school  house  was  the  only  place  for  speaking  purposes,  but 
the  Russian  trustees  announced  that  “  they  did  not  want  to 
hear  any  women  preach,”  so  after  the  long  trip,  the  meeting 
had  to  be  given  up.  Several  times  in  the  midst  of  their 
speeches,  the  audience  was  stampeded  by  cyclones,  not  a  soul 
left  in  the  house.1  The  people  came  twenty  and  thirty  miles 
to  these  meetings,  bringing  their  dinners.  Miss  Anthony 
speaks  always  in  the  highest  terms  of  the  fine  character  of  the 
Dakota  men  and  women,  and  of  their  large  families  of  bright, 
healthy  children. 

The  speakers  never  tire  of  telling  their  experiences  during 
that  campaign.  Mary  Seymour  Howell  relates  in  her  own 
interesting  way  that  once  she  and  Miss  Anthony  had  been  rid¬ 
ing  for  hours  in  a  stage  which  creaked  and  groaned  at  every 
turn  of  the  wheels,  the  poor,  dilapidated  horses  not  able  to 
travel  out  of  a  walk,  the  driver  a  prematurely-old  little  boy 
whose  feet  did  not  touch  the  floor,  and  a  cold  Dakota  wind 
blowing  straight  into  their  faces.  After  an  unbroken,  home¬ 
sick  silence  of  an  hour,  Miss  Anthony  said  in  a  subdued  and 

1  At  one  place  where  this  happened,  the  Russian  sheriff  had  locked  the  court  house  doors, 
but  the  women  compelled  him  to  open  them.  He  was  entirely  converted  by  the  addresses  of 
the  afternoon,  and  in  the  evening  when  the  storm  was  approaching,  he  rushed  to  Miss  An¬ 
thony  and  exclaimed,  “  Come,  quick,  and  let  me  take  you  to  the  cellar,  where  you  will  be 
perfectly  safe.”  “  O,  no,  thank  you,”  she  replied,  “  a  little  thing  like  a  cyclone  does  not 
frighten  me.” 


THE  SOUTH  DAKOTA  CAMPAIGN. 


691 


solemn  voice,  “  Mrs.  Howell,  humanity  is  at  a  very  low 
ebb!  ”  The  tone,  the  look,  the  words,  so  in  harmony  with 
the  surroundings,  produced  a  reaction  which  sent  her  off  into 
a  fit  of  laughter,  in  which  Miss  Anthony  soon  joined. 

They  had  been  warned  to  keep  away  from  a  certain  hotel, 
at  one  place,  as  it  was  the  very  worst  in  the  whole  State.  At 
the  close  of  the  afternoon  meeting  there,  a  man  came  up  and 
said  he  would  be  pleased  to  entertain  the  speakers  and  could  make 
them  very  comfortable.  This  seemed  to  be  a  sure  escape,  so 
they  thankfully  accepted  his  invitation,  but  when  they  reached 
his  home,  they  discovered  that  he  was  the  landlord  of  the  poor 
hotel !  Miss  Anthony  charged  Mrs .  Howell  to  make  the  best  of  it 
without  a  word  of  complaint.  They  went  to  supper,  amidst 
heat  and  flies,  and  found  sour  bread,  muddy  coffee  and  stewed 
green  grapes.  Miss  Anthony  ate  and  drank  and  talked  and 
smiled,  and  every  little  while  touched  Mrs.  Howell’s  foot  with 
her  own  in  a  reassuring  manner.  After  supper  Mrs.  Howell 
went  to  her  little,  bare  room,  which  she  soon  learned  by  the 
clatter  of  the  dishes  was  next  to  the  kitchen,  and  through  the 
thin  partition  she  heard  the  landlady  say:  “Well,  I  never 
supposed  I  could  entertain  big-bugs,  and  I  thought  I  couldn’t 
live  through  having  Susan  B.  Anthony  here,  but  I’m  getting 
along  all  right.  You  ought  to  hear  her  laugh  ;  why,  she 
laughs  just  like  other  people!”  Mrs.  Howell  gives  this 
graphic  description  of  the  meetings  at  Madison,  July  10  . 

In  the  afternoon  we  drove  some  distance  to  a  beautiful  lake  where  Miss 
Anthony  spoke  to  1,000  men,  a  Farmers’  Alliance  picnic.  When  she  asked 
how  many  would  vote  for  the  suffrage  amendment,  all  was  one  mighty  “  aye,  ” 
like  the  deep  voice  of  the  sea.  That  evening  we  spoke  in  the  opera  house  in 
the  city.  While  Miss  Anthony  was  speaking  a  telegram  for  her  was  handed 
to  me,  and  as  I  arose  to  make  the  closing  address  I  gave  it  to  her.  I  had 
just  begun  when  she  came  quickly  forward,  put  her  hand  on  my  aim  and 
said,  “  Stop  a  moment,  I  want  to  read  this  telegram.”  It  was  from  Wash¬ 
ington,  saying  that  President  Harrison  had  signed  the  bill  admitting  Wyom¬ 
ing  into  the  Union  with  woman  suffrage  in  its  constitution.  Before  she 
could  finish  reading  the  great  audience  was  on  its  feet,  cheering  and  waving 
handkerchiefs  and  fans.  After  the  enthusiasm  had  subsided  Miss  Anthony 
made  a  short  but  wonderful  speech.  The  very  tones  of  her  voice  changed ; 
there  were  ringing  notes  of  gladness  and  tender  ones  of  thankfulness.  It  was 


692 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


the  first  great  victory  of  her  forty  years  of  work.  She  spoke  as  one  inspired, 
while  the  audience  listened  for  every  word,  some  cheering,  others  weeping. 

When  Miss  Anthony  was  starting  for  South  Dakota  she  was  urged  not  to 
go,  through  fear  of  the  effect  of  such  a  campaign  on  her  health.  Her  reply 
was,  “Better  lose  me  than  lose  a  State.”  A  grand  answer  from  a  grander 
woman.  And  this  night  in  South  Dakota  we  had  won  a  State  and  still  had 
Miss  Anthony  with  us,  the  central  figure  of  the  suffrage  movement  as  she 
was  the  central  figure  in  that  never-to-be-forgotten  night  of  great  rejoicing. 


As  very  few  women  were  able  to  hire  help,  many  were 
obliged  to  bring  their  babies  to  the  meetings  and,  before  the 
speaking  was  over,  the  heat  and  confusion  generally  set  them 
all  to  crying.  Miss  Anthony  was  very  patient  and  always  ex¬ 
pressed  much  sympathy  for  the  overworked  and  tired  mothers. 
One  occasion,  however,  was  too  much  for  her,  and  Anna  Shaw 
thus  describes  it : 

One  intensely  hot  Sunday  afternoon,  a  meeting  was  held  by  the  side  of  a 
sod  church,  which  had  been  extended  by  canvas  coverings  from  the  wagons. 
The  audience  crowded  up  as  close  as  they  could  be  packed  to  where  Miss  An¬ 
thony  stood  on  a  barn  door  laid  across  some  boxes.  A  woman  with  a  baby 
sat  very  near  the  edge  of  this  improvised  platform.  The  child  grew  tired  and 
uneasy  and  finally  began  to  pinch  Miss  Anthony’s  ankles.  She  stepped  back 
and  he  immediately  commenced  to  scream,  so  she  stepped  forward  again  and  he 
resumed  his  pinching.  She  endured  it  as  long  as  she  could,  but  at  last 
stooped  down  and  whispered  to  the  mother,  “  I  think  your  baby  is  too  warm 
in  here;  take  him  out  and  give  him  a  drink  and  he  will  feel  better.”  The 
woman  jerked  it  up  and  started  out,  exclaiming,  “  Well,  this  is  the  first  time 
I  have  ever  been  insulted  on  account  of  my  motherhood !”  A  number  of  men 
gathered  around  her,  saying,  “That  is  just  what  to  expect  from  these  old 
maid  suffragists.”  Some  one  told  Miss  Anthony  she  had  lost  twenty  votes  by 
this.  “  Well,”  she  replied,  “  if  they  could  see  the  welts  on  my  ankles  where 
they  were  pinched  to  keep  that  child  still,  they  would  bring  their  twenty 
votes  back.” 

She  said  to  me  the  next  day:  “  Now,  Anna,  no  matter  how  many  babies 


THE  SOUTH  DAKOTA  CAMPAIGN. 


693 


cry  you.  must  not  say  on©  word  or  it  will  be  taken  us  an  insult  to  motlici- 
hood.,,  That  afternoon  I  gave  a  little  talk.  The  church  was  crowded  and 
there  were  so  many  children  it  seemed  as  if  every  family  had  twins.  There 
were  at  least  six  of  them  crying  at  the  top  of  their  lungs.  The  louder  they 
cried,  the  louder  I  yelled ;  and  the  louder  I  yelled,  the  louder  they  cried,  for 
they  were  scared.  Finally  a  gentleman  asked,  “  Don’t  you  want  those  chil¬ 
dren  taken  out?”  “0,  no,”  said  I,  “there  is  nothing  that  inspires  me  so 
much  as  the  music  of  children’s  voices,”  and  although  a  number  of  men  pro¬ 
tested,  I  would  not  allow  one  of  them  taken  from  the  room.  I  was  bound  I 
wouldn’t  lose  any  votes. 

Among  the  racy  anecdotes  which  Miss  Shaw  relates  of  that 
memorable  campaign,  is  one  which  shows  Miss  Anthony  s 
ready  retort : 

Many  of  the  halls  were  merely  rough  boards  and  most  of  them  had  no 

seats.  I  never  saw  so  many  intemperate  men  as  at - ,  in  front  of  the 

stores,  on  the  street  corners,  and  in  the  saloons,  and  yet  they  had  a  prohi¬ 
bition  law !  We  could  not  get  any  hall  to  speak  in— they  were  all  in  use  for 
variety  shows — and  there  was  no  church  finished,  but  the  Presbyterian  was 
the  furthest  along  and  they  let  us  have  that,  putting  boards  across  nail  kegs 
for  seats.  It  was  filled  to  overflowing  and  people  crowTded  up  close  to  the 
platform.  One  man  came  in  so  drunk  he  could  not  stand,  so  he  sat  down  on 
the  edge  and  leaned  against  the  table.  Miss  Anthony  gave  her  argument  lo 
prove  what  the  ballot  had  done  for  laboring  men  in  England  and  was  work¬ 
ing  up  to  show  what  it  would  do  for  women  in  the  United  States,  when  sud¬ 
denly  the  man  roused  and  said:  “Now  look  ’ere,  old  gal,  we’ve  heard  ’nuf 
about  Victoria ;  can’t  you  tell’s  somethin’  ’bout  George  Washington  ?  ”  The 
people  tried  to  hush  him,  but  soon  he  broke  out  again  with,  “We’ve  had  ’nuf 
of  England  ;  can’t  you  tell’s  somethin’  ’bout  our  grand  republic  ?  ”  The  men 
cried,  “  Put  him  out,  put  him  out!  ”  but  Miss  Anthony  said:  “  No,  gentle¬ 
men,  he  is  a  product  of  man’s  government,  and  I  want  you  to  see  what  sort 
you  make.” 

In  September  Carrie  Chapman  Catt,  one  of  the  coolest,  most 
logical  and  level-headed  women  who  ever  went  into  a  cam¬ 
paign,  at  the  request  of  the  State  executive  committee  gave 
her  opinion  of  the  situation  as  follows  : 

We  have  not  a  ghost  of  a  show  for  success.  Our  cause  can  be  compared  with 
the  work  of  prohibition,  always  remembering  ours  is  the  more  unpopular. 
Last  year  the  Methodist  church  led  off  in  State  conference  and  declared  for 
prohibition.  It  was  followed  by  every  other  church,  except  the  German 
Lutheran  and  Catholic,  even  the  Scandinavian  Lutherans  voting  largely  for 
it.  Next  the  Republican,  the  strongest  party,  stood  for  it,  because  if  they  did 
not  it  meant  a  party  break.  The  Farmers’  Alliance  were  solid  for  it.  The 


694 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


leaders  were  put  to  work,  a  large  amount  of  money  was  collected  and  rep¬ 
resentative  men  went  out  in  local  campaigns.  It  was  debated  on  the  street, 
and  men  of  influence  converted  those  of  weaker  minds. 

Now  what  have  we  ?  1st.— The  Lutherans,  both  German  and  Scandinavian, 
and  the  Catholics  are  bitterly  opposed.  The  Methodists,  our  strongest  friends 
everywhere  else,  are  not  so  here.  2d. — We  have  one  party  openly  and  two 
others  secretly  against  us.  3d. — While  this  county,  for  instance,  gave  $700  to 
prohibition,  it  gives  $2.50  to  suffrage  and  claims  that  for  hall  rent,  the  amount 
then  not  being  sufficient.  4th. — When  I  suggested  to  the  committee  to  start 
a  vigorous  county  campaign  and  get  men  of  influence  to  go  out  and  speak, 
they  did  not  know  of  one  man  willing  to  face  the  political  animosities  it 
would  engender. 

With  the  exception  of  the  work  of  a  few  women,  nothing  is  being  done. 
We  have  opposed  to  us  the  most  powerful  elements  in  the  politics  of  the 
State.  Continuing  as  we  are,  we  can’t  poll  20,000  votes.  We  are  converting 
women  to  “  want  to  vote  ”  by  the  hundreds,  but  we  are  not  having  any  appre¬ 
ciable  effect  upon  the  men.  This  is  because  men  have  been  accustomed  to 
take  new  ideas  only  when  accompanied  by  party  leadership  with  brass  bands 
and  huzzalis.  We  have  a  total  lack  of  all.  Ours  is  a  cold,  lonesome  little 
movement,  which  will  make  our  hearts  ache  about  November  5.  We  must 
get  Dakota  men  in  the  work.  They  are  not  talking  woman  suffrage  on  the 
street.  There  is  an  absolute  indifference  concerning  it.  We  need  some  kind 
of  a  political  mustard  plaster  to  make  things  lively.  We  are  appealing  to 
justice  for  success,  when  it  is  selfishness  that  governs  mankind.  .  .  . 

The  campaign  was  continued,  however,  with  all  the  zeal  and 
ability  which  both  State  and  national  workers  could  command. 
There  were  between  fifteen  and  twenty  thousand  Scandinavians 
in  the  State  and  a  woman  was  sent  to  address  them  in  their  own 
language-— one  woman  !  A  German  woman  was  sent  among 
the  men  of  that  nationality.  The  last  night  before  election, 
mass  meetings  were  held  in  all  the  large  towns,  Miss  Anthony 
and  Miss  Shaw  being  at  Dead  wood.  In  her  excellent  summing- 
up  of  the  campaign,  Elizabeth  M.  Wardall,  State  superintend¬ 
ent  of  press,  gives:  “  Number  of  addresses  by  the  national 
speakers,  789  ;  by  the  State  speakers,  707  ;  under  the  auspices 
of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  104 ;  total,  1,600  ;  local  and  county  clubs 
of  women  organized,  400.  Literature  sent  to  every  voter  in 
the  State.” 

What  was  the  result  of  all  this  expenditure  of  time,  labor 
and  money  ?  There  were  68,604  ballots  cast  ;  22,972  for  wo¬ 
man  suffrage ;  45,632  opposed ;  majority  against,  22,660. 
Eight  months  of  hard  work  by  a  large  corps  of  the  ablest 


THE  SOUTH  DAKOTA  CAMPAIGN. 


695 


women  in  the  United  States,  1,600  speeches,  $8,000  in  money, 
for  less  than  23,000  votes  !  There  were  30,000  foreigners  in 
South  Dakota,  Russians,  Scandinavians,  Poles  and  other  na¬ 
tionalities.  It  is  claimed  they  voted  almost  solidly  against 
woman  suffrage,  but  even  if  this  were  true  they  must  have  had 
the  assistance  of  15,000  American  men.  If  only  those  men 
who  believed  in  prohibition  had  voted  for  woman  suffrage  it 
would  have  carried,  as  had  that  measure,  by  6,000  majority. 
The  opponents  of  prohibition,  of  course,  massed  themselves 
against  putting  the  ballot  in  the  hands  of  women. 

The  main  interest  of  this  election  was  centered  in  the  fight 
between  Huron  and  Pierre  for  the  location  of  the  capital. 
There  never  in  any  State  was  a  more  shameless  and  corrupt  buy¬ 
ing  and  selling  of  votes,  and  the  woman  suffrage  amendment 
was  one  of  the  chief  articles  of  barter.  The  bribers,  the  liquor 
dealers  and  gamblers,  were  reinforced  here,  as  had  been  the 
casein  other  State  campaigns,  by  their  faithful  allies,  “the 
Remonstrants  of  Boston/’  who  circulated  their  anonymous 
sheet  through  every  nook  and  corner  of  the  State. 

All  of  the  speakers  who  took  any  prominent  part  in  the  cam¬ 
paign  were  paid  except  Miss  Anthony.1  She  contributed  her 
services  for  over  six  months  and  refused  during  that  time  an 
offer  of  $500  from  the  State  of  Washington  for  ten  lectures  and 
a  contract  from  one  of  the  largest  lecture  bureaus  in  the  coun¬ 
try  at  $60  per  night.2  At  the  close  of  the  canvass  she  gave 
from  the  national  fund  $100  each  to  Mrs.  Wardall  and  Philena 
E.  Johnson,  who  had  worked  so  faithfully  without  pay  Then, 
lacking  $300  of  enough  to  settle  all  the  bills,  she  drew  that 
amount  from  her  own  small  bank  account  and  put  it  in  as  a 
contribution  to  the  campaign. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  State  W.  C.  T.  U.,  September 
26,  a  strong  resolution  was  adopted  endorsing  Miss  Anthony’s 

'Henry  B.  Blackwell  made  a  speaking  tour  of  six  weeks  through  the  State  at  his  own 
expense. 

2  A  letter  from  Mrs.  Catt  said :  “  I  think  you  are  the  most  unselfish  woman  in  all  the 
world.  You  are  determined  to  see  that  all  the  rest  of  us  are  paid  and  comfortable,  but 
think  it  entirely  proper  to  work  yourself  for  nothing.  If  some  of  your  self-sacrificing 
spirit  could  be  injected  into  the  great  body  of  suffragists,  we  would  win  a  hundred  years 


sooner. 


696 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


work  in  South  Dakota  and  she  was  made  an  honorary  member. 
After  the  election  the  State  suffrage  committee  unanimously 
passed  the  following  resolution:  “  The  earnest  and  heartfelt 
gratitude  of  all  the  suffragists  of  South  Dakota  is  hereby  ex¬ 
tended  to  Susan  B.  Anthony,  who  has  devoted  her  entire  time, 
energy  and  experience  for  six  months  to  the  cause  of  liberty 
and  justice.” 

Anna  Shaw  said  that  in  all  her  years  of  preaching  and  lect¬ 
uring  she  had  never  been  so  exhausted  as  at  the  close  of  that 
canvass.  Mrs.  Catt  was  prostrated  with  typhoid  fever  im¬ 
mediately  upon  reaching  home,  and  hovered  between  life  and 
death  for  many  months,  in  her  delirium  constantly  making 
speeches  and  talking  of  the  campaign.  Mary  Anthony  said, 
“  When  my  sister  returned  from  South  Dakota  I  realized  for 
the  first  time  that  she  was  indeed  threescore  and  ten.” 


CHAPTER  XXXIX. 


WYOMING - MISS  ANTHONY  GOES  TO  HOUSEKEEPING. 

1890—1891. 

ISS  ANTHONY  accepted  the  defeat  in  South  Da¬ 
kota  as  philosophically  as  she  had  those  of  the 
past  forty  years,  bidding  the  women  of  the  State 
be  of  good  cheer  and  continue  the  work  of  educa¬ 
tion  until  at  last  the  men  should  be  ready  to 
grant  them  freedom.  With  Mrs.  Colby  and  Mrs.  Julia  B. 
Nelson  she  went  directly  to  the  Nebraska  convention  at  Fre¬ 
mont,  November  12. 1  The  18th  found  her  in  Atchison  with 
Mrs.  Cattand  Mrs.  Colby,  at  the  Kansas  convention/*  where/ ’ 
the  Tribune  says,  “  she  took  part  in  all  the  deliberations  and 
methods  of  work  as  critically  and  earnestly  as  if  she  herself 
would  have  to  carry  them  out.” 

Two  weeks  were  pleasantly  spent  visiting  at  Leavenworth 
and  Fort  Scott.  Thanksgiving  was  passed  at  the  latter  place 
and  the  next  day  the  suffrage  friends,  under  the  leadership  of 
Dr.  Sarah  C.  Hall,  whom  Miss  Anthony  called  “  the  backbone 
of  Bourbon  county,”  gave  her  a  very  pretty  reception  at  the 
home  of  Mrs.  H.  B.  Brown.  Saturday  she  spoke,  morning, 
afternoon  and  evening,  at  the  county  suffrage  convention.  Her 
time  for  rest  and  recreation  was  very  brief,  and  by  December  4 
she  and  Mrs.  Catt  were  in  the  midst  of  the  Iowa  convention  at 

1  While  here  Miss  Anthony  received  a  letter  from  Rev.  N.  M.  Mann,  formerly  pastor  of  the 
Unitarian  church  in  Rochester  but  now  residing  in  Omah^,  which  said :  “Are  you  not  com¬ 
ing  to  the  metropolis  of  the  State,  when  some  of  us  here  are  just  perishing  for  the  sight  of 
your  face?  I  speak  for  myself  and  Mrs.  Mann  firstly,  though  judging  from  the  number  of 
parlors  I  go  into  where  your  picture  is  the  first  thing  one  sees,  I  fancy  there  are  a  good  many 
others  who  would  be  hardly  less  glad  than  we  to  greet  you.  Come  and  spend  a  Sunday,  and 
hear  a  good  old  sermon,  and  lecture  in  my  church.” 

(697) 


698 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Des  Moines.  As  usual  when  flying  from  one  side  of  the  con¬ 
tinent  to  the  other,  she  stopped  at  Indianapolis  for  a  few  days’ 
work  with  Mrs.  Sewall,  and  they  sat  up  into  the  wee,  sma’ 
hours,  planning  and  arranging  for  the  Washington  conven¬ 
tion,  the  National  Council  and  the  World’s  Fair  Congress  of 
Women. 

She  arrived  in  Rochester  Saturday  morning  ;  that  evening 
Anna  Shaw  came  in  from  her  tour  of  lectures  all  along  the 
way  from  South  Dakota,  and  it  would  not  be  surprising  to 
know  that  a  business  meeting  of  two  was  held  the  next  day 
after  church'services.  Monday  evening  the  Political  Equality 
Club  tendered  them  a  reception  at  the  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
which  was  largely  attended.  On  December  16  and  17  they 
addressed  the  State  Suffrage  Convention  in  this  city,  and  soon 
afterwards  Miss  Anthony  started  for  Washington  by  way  of 
New  York  and  Philadelphia. 

The  year  1890  had  been  eventful  for  the  cause  of  woman 
suffrage,  in  spite  of  the  defeat  in  Dakota.  The  bill  for  the 
admission  of  Wyoming  as  a  State  had  been  presented  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  December  18,  1889.  Its  constitu¬ 
tion,  which  had  been  adopted  by  more  than  a  two-thirds  vote 
of  the  people,  provided  that  “the  right  of  its  citizens  to  vote 
and  hold  office  should  not  be  denied  or  abridged  on  account  of 
sex.”  The  House  Committee  on  Territories,  through  Charles 
S.  Baker,  of  Rochester,  reported  in  favor  of  admission. 
The  minority  report  presented  by  William  M.  Springer,  of 
Illinois,  covered  twenty-three  pages ;  two  devoted  to  various 
other  reasons  for  non-admission  and  twenty-one  to  objections 
because  of  the  woman  suffrage  clause,  “which  provides 
that  not  only  males  may  vote  but  their  wives  also.”  In¬ 
corporated  in  this  report  were  the  overworked  articles  of 
Mrs.  Leonard  and  Mrs.  Whitney,  supplemented  by  a  ponder¬ 
ous  manifesto  of  Goldwin  Smith,  and  it  ended  with  the  same 
list  of  “distinguished  citizens  of  Boston  opposed  to  female 
suffrage,”  which  had  several  times  before  been  brought  out 
from  its  pigeonhole  and  dusted  off  to  terrify  those  citizens  of 
the  United  States  who  did  not  reside  in  Boston. 


WYOMING - MISS  ANTHONY  GOES  TO  HOUSEKEEPING.  699 

As  it  was  supposed  Wyoming  would  be  Republican  its 
admission  was  bitterly  fought  by  the  Democrats,  who  used  its 
suffrage  clause  as  a  club  to  frighten  the  Republicans,  but  even 
those  of  the  latter  who  were  opposed  were  willing  to  swallow 
woman  suffrage  for  the  sake  of  bringing  in  another  State  for 
their  party.  The  changes  were  rung  on  the  old  objections  with 
the  usual  interspersing  of  those  equivocal  innuendoes  and  in¬ 
sinuations  which  always  make  a  self-respecting  woman’s  blood 
boil.  The  debate  continued  many  days  and  it  looked  for  a  time 
as  if  the  woman  suffrage  clause  would  have  to  be  abandoned  if 
the  State  were  to  be  admitted.  When  this  was  announced  to 
the  Wyoming  Legislature,  then  in  session,  the  answer  came 
back  over  the  wire:  “We  will  remain  out  of  the  Union  a 
hundred  years  rather  than  come  in  without  woman  suffrage.”1 
After  every  possible  effort  had  been  made  to  strike  out  the 
objectionable  clause,  the  final  vote  was  taken  March  26,  1890  ; 
for  admission  189 ;  against,  127. 

The  bill  was  presented  in  the  Senate  by  Orville  H.  Platt,  of 
Connecticut,  from  the  Committee  on  Territories,  and  discussed 
for  three  days.  After  a  repetition  of  the  contest  in  the  House, 
the  vote  was  taken  June  27  ;  in  favor  of  admission  29  ;  opposed 
18.  Woman  suffrage  clubs  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  in 
response  to  an  official  request  by  Miss  Anthony  and  Lucy 
Stone,  celebrated  the  Fourth  of  July  with  great  rejoicing  over 
the  admission  of  Wyoming,  the  first  State  to  enfranchise 
women. 

Another  event  of  importance  during  1890,  was  the  first 
majority  report  from  the  judiciary  committee  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  in  favor  of  the  Sixteenth  Amendment  to  the 
United  States  Constitution,  which  should  confer  suffrage  upon 
women.  Hon.  Ezra  B.  Taylor,  of  Warren,  0.,  was  chairman 
of  the  committee  and  had  exerted  all  his  influence  to  secure 
this  report,  which  was  presented  May  29  by  L.  B.  Caswell,  of 


1  As  women  had  been  voting  in  the  Territory  over  twenty  years  and  this  answer  was  sent 
by  a  legislature  composed  entirely  of  men,  it  would  seem  to  show  that  the  evils  predicted  of 
woman  suffrage  were  wholly  disproved  by  actual  experience. 


700 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Wisconsin.1  On  August  12,  the  Senate  committee  on  woman 
suffrage  again  presented  a  majority  report  for  a  Sixteenth 
Amendment. 

fyictXt  Ofn,  4'  fjf— /hcv 

-  /(4r <f-7^yz  ‘i'Zn,  — 

It  had  long  been  Miss  Anthony’s  earnest  desire  to  have  suf¬ 
frage  headquarters  in  Washington,  pleasant  parlors  where  local 
meetings  could  be  held  and  friends  gather  in  a  social  way.  In 
the  midst  of  her  great  work  and  responsibility  she  exchanged 
.many  letters  during  1890  with  ladies  in  that  city  regarding 
this  project,  but  it  was  finally  decided  that  it  would  not  be 
judicious  to  incur  the  expense.  Out  of  this  agitation,  how¬ 
ever,  was  evolved  a  stock  company,  incorporated  under  the 
name  of  Wimodaughsis,  organized  for  the  education  of  women 
in  art,  science,  literature  and  political  and  domestic  economy 
by  means  of  classes  and  lectures.  As  Miss  Anthony  never  gave 
herself  to  any  work  except  that  which  tended  directly  to  secure 
suffrage  for  women,  she  took  no  part  in  the  new  enterprise  ex¬ 
cept  to  bestow  upon  it  her  blessing  and  $100.  Rev.  Anna 
Shaw  was  elected  its  first  president.  The  National-American 
Association  took  two  large  rooms  in  the  new  club  house  for 
headquarters. 

Two  deaths  in  1890  affected  Miss  Anthony  most  deeply. 
Ellen  H.  Sheldon,  of  Washington,  for  a  number  of  years  had 
served  as  national  recording  secretary  and  had  endeared  her¬ 
self  to  all.  She  was  a  clerk  in  the  War  Department  and  her 
entire  time  outside  business  hours  was  devoted  to  gratuitous 
work  for  the  association.  Her  reports  were  accurate  and  dis- 

1  Hr.  Taylor  wrote  Miss  Anthony:  “The  delay,  which  seemed  long  to  you,  was  absolutely 
necessary  and  I  am  sure  you  will  understand  that  I  have  been  faithful  to  the  cause.  My 
daughter  Harriet,  the  most  wonderful  of  all  women  to  me,  is  largely  influential  in  the 
result.  .  .  .” 


HniMAj/t  Ja^/i 


WYOMING - MISS  ANTHONY  GOES  TO  HOUSEKEEPING.  701 

criminating  and  Miss  Anthony  felt  in  her  death  the  loss  of  a 
valued  friend  and  helper.  Julia  T.  Foster,  of  Philadelphia, 
who  passed  away  November  16,  was  as  dear  to  her  as  one  of 
her  own  nieces.  A  sweet  and  beautiful  woman,  wealthy  and 
accomplished,  she  was  so  modest  and  retiring  that  her  work 
for  suffrage  and  the  large  sums  of  money  she  contributed  were 
known  only  to  her  most  intimate  friends.  In  remembrance 
Rachel  Foster  Avery  sent  Miss  Anthony  all  the  handsome 
furnishings  of  her  sister’s  room. 

Miss  Anthony  arrived  in  Washington  January  3,  1891,  and 
received  the  usual  welcome  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Spofford.  On  the 
24th  she  went  to  Boston  in  response  to  an  invitation  to  attend 
the  Massachusetts  Suffrage  Convention.1  She  reached  the 
Parker  House  Sunday  morning,  but  Wm.  Lloyd  Garrison 
came  at  once  and  took  her  to  his  hospitable  home  in  Brookline, 
and  a  most  fortunate  thing  it  was.  Since  leaving  South  Da¬ 
kota  she  had  been  fighting  off  what  seemed  to  be  a  persistent 
form  of  la  grippe  and  the  next  morning  she  collapsed  utterly, 
pneumonia  threatened  and  she  was  obliged  to  keep  her  room 
for  a  week.  She  received  the  most  loving  attention  from  her 
hostess,  Ellen  Wright  Garrison,  and  had  many  calls  and  num¬ 
erous  pleasant  letters,  among  them  the  following  : 

What  a  mercy  it  was  that  you  fell  into  the  shelter  and  care  of  the  Garrisons 
when  so  serious  an  illness  came  upon  you.  Of  course  everybody  was  disap¬ 
pointed  that  you  could  not  be  at  the  meeting  so  that  they  might  at  least  see 
you.  Now  that  you  are  convalescing  and  we  trust  on  the  high  road  to  recov¬ 
ery  we  want  to  arrange  an  informal  reception  at  our  office,  so  that  those  or 
some  of  those  who  were  sorry  not  to  see  you  at  the  meeting,  may  have  a 
chance  to  do  so.  I  was  too  tired  today  to  go  with  my  two,  and  maybe  you 
would  have  been  too  tired  to  see  us  if  we  had  gone.  It  is  not  quite  the  same 
when  we  are  seventy-two  as  when  we  are  twenty-seven ;  still  I  am  glad  of 
what  is  left,  and  wish  we  might  both  hold  out  till  the  victory  we  have  sought 
is  won,  but  all  the  same  the  victory  is  coming.  In  the  aftertime  the  world 
will  be  the  better  for  it. 

Trusting  you  may  soon  be  well  again,  I  am  your  fellow-worker, 

Lucy  Stone. 

’Deab  Susan  Anthony  :  We  are  to  celebrate  the  fortieth  anniversary  of  the  First  National 
Woman’s  Rights  Convention  in  this  State  and  want  to  make  the  meeting  as  useful  to  the 
cause  as  we  can.  You  ought  to  be  here.  Will  you  come  ?  The  sheaves  gathered  in  these 
forty  years  are  to  be  presented,  and  of  course  there  will  be  some  reminiscences  of  pioneer 
times.  We  shall  be  glad  to  announce  you  as  one  of  the  speakers.  I  hope  you  are  a  little  rested 
since  the  hard  campaign  in  Dakota.  Yours  truly,  Lucy  Stone. 


702 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Her  old  comrade,  Parker  Pillsbury,  urged  her  to  come  for  a 
while  to  his  home  in  Concord,  N.  H.,  saying  :  “  Should  you 

come  you  may  be  sure  of  a  most  cordial  greeting  in  this 
household,  and  by  others  ;  but  by  none  more  heartily  and 
cordially  than  by  your  old  friend  and  coadjutor  in  the  temper¬ 
ance,  anti-slavery  and  suffrage  enterprises.”  Mrs.  Pillsbury 
supplemented  this  with  a  pressing  invitation ;  and  another 
came  from  the  loved  and  faithful  friend,  Armenia  S.  White. 
Miss  Anthony  appreciated  the  kindness  but  there  was  too  much 
work  awaiting  her  in  Washington  to  allow  of  visiting,  and 
thither  she  hastened  even  before  she  was  fully  able  to  travel. 

The  first  triennial  meeting  of  the  National  Woman’s  Council, 
Frances  E.  Willard,  president,  Susan  B.  Anthony,  vice-presi¬ 
dent,  began  in  Albaugh’s  Opera  House,  February  22,  1891, 
and  continued  four  days.  It  was  as  notable  a  gathering  as  the 
great  International  Council  of  1888.  Forty  organizations  of 
women  were  represented;  “one,”  said  Miss  Willard  in  her 
opening  address,  “  for  every  year  during  which  this  noble 
woman  at  my  right  and  her  colleagues  have  been  at  work.” 
The  meeting  was  preceded  by  a  reception  tendered  by  Mrs. 
Spofford  at  the  Riggs  to  500  guests.  The  services  for  two 
Sundays  were  conducted  entirely  by  women,  Revs.  Anna 
Shaw,  Anna  Garlin  Spencer,  Ida  C.  Hultin,  Caroline  J.  Bart¬ 
lett,  Amanda  Deyo,  Olympia  Brown,  Mila  Tupper  and,  among 
the  laity,  Margaret  Bottome,  president  of  the  King’s  Daugh¬ 
ters,  and  Miss  Willard.  The  most  famous  women  of  the 
United  States  took  part  in  this  council.  Especial  interest  was 
centered  in  the  beautiful  Mrs.  Bertha  Honore  Palmer,  presi¬ 
dent  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the  Columbian  Expo¬ 
sition,  who  occupied  a  seat  on  the  stage.  This  board  was  rep¬ 
resented  also  by  its  vice-president,  Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Henrotin 
and  by  Mrs.  Virginia  C.  Meredith.  Each  great  national  organ¬ 
ization  sent  its  most  representative  women  to  present  its 
objects  and  its  work. 

As  Mrs.  Stanton  was  still  in  Europe,  her  paper,  “The  Ma- 
triarchate,”  was  read  by  Miss  Anthony.  Miss  Willard  intro¬ 
duced  the  reader  in  her  own  graceful  way,  saying  :  “I  will 


WYOMING - MISS  ANTHONY  GOES  TO  HOUSEKEEPING.  703 

not  call  her  Mrs.  Stanton’s  faithful  Achates,  for  that  would 
fail  to  express  it,  but  will  say  that  the  paper  written  by  one 
of  the  double  stars  of  first  magnitude  will  be  read  by  the  other 
star.”  Miss  Anthony  was  so  happy  oyer  this  great  assemblage, 
the  direct  result  of  all  her  long  years’  work  for  the  evolution 
of  woman  into  a  larger  life  and  a  catholicity  of  spirit  which 
would  enable  those  of  all  creeds,  all  political  beliefs  and  all 
lines  of  work  to  come  together  in  fraternal  council,  that  she 
herself  scarcely  could  be  persuaded  to  make  even  the  briefest 
address.  Her  one  anxiety  was  that  all  the  noted  speakers 
present  should  be  seen  and  heard.1  The  council  was  received 
by  Mrs.  Harrison  at  the  White  House. 

The  Twenty-third  Annual  Convention  of  the  National- Amer- 
ican  W.  S.  A.  commenced  the  morning  after  the  council 
closed,  and  the  vast  audiences  which  filled  the  opera  house  at 
every  session  hardly  knew  when  one  ended  and  the  other  be¬ 
gan.  The  interest  was  sufficient  to  sell  the  boxes  for  the  latter 
at  $10,  and  single  seats  at  50  cents.  Miss  Anthony  presided 
and  read  Mrs.  Stanton’s  fine  address,  “The  Degradation  of 
Disfranchisement,”  saying  as  she  commenced  that  “they 
might  imagine  how  every  moment  she  was  wishing  they  could 
see,  instead  of  her  own,  the  sunny  face  and  grand  white  head 
of  the  writer.”  At  its  close  she  introduced  Lucy  Stone,  who 
came  forward  amid  great  applause,  and  said  that  “  while  this 
was  the  first  time  she  had  stood  beside  Miss  Anthony  at  a  suf¬ 
frage  convention  in  Washington,  she  had  stood  beside  her  on 
many  a  hard-fought  battlefield  before  most  of  those  present 
were  born.”  She  then  gave  a  graphic  picture  of  the  work 
accomplished  by  the  suffrage  advocates  from  1850  to  1890. 

All  sections  of  the  United  States  were  represented  at  this 
convention;  delegates  were  present  from  Canada,  and  Miss 

1  In  her  letter  describing  the  council  Mrs.  Margaret  Bottome  wrote  of  Miss  Anthony :  “  I 
have  met,  since  I  have  been  in  Washington,  a  woman  whom  I  have  heard  of  since  I  can 
remember  anything.  We  are  not  of  the  same  faith— she  has  devoted  her  life  to  what  during 
the  past  I  have  shrunk  from— and  I  met  her  here  for  the  first  time ;  but  I  shall  carry  with  me 
always  the  impression  of  her  spirit  upon  my  own,  of  the  Christ-life,  the  Christ-spirit.  I  got 
it  before  she  had  said  five  words  to  me,  and  I  could  have  sat  down  at  her  feet  and  drank  in 
the  spirit  of  Jesus  Christ  that  is  in  her,  though  she  does  not  see  him  just  as  I  do.” 


704 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Florence  Balgarnie,  of  London,  spoke  for  the  women  of  Eng¬ 
land.1  Mrs.  Henrotin  presented  an  official  invitation  from  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers  for  the  association  to  take  part  in  the 
Woman’s  Congress  to  be  held  during  the  World’s  Fair.  The 
newspapers  of  Washington,  and  those  of  other  cities  through 
their  correspondents,  gave  columns  of  reports,  indisputable 
evidence  of  the  important  and  stable  position  now  secured  by 
the  question  of  woman  suffrage.  The  board  of  officers  was  re¬ 
elected,  Mrs.  Stanton  receiving  for  president  144  of  the  175 
votes  ;  Miss  Anthony’s  election  unanimous. 

The  Women’s  Suffrage  Society  of  England  had  sent  official 
congratulations  on  the  admission  of  Wyoming  with  enfran¬ 
chisement  for  women,  and  Miss  Anthony  was  determined  they 
should  be  read  in  the  United  States  Senate.  This  letter  from 
Senator  Blair  will  show  how  it  was  accomplished  :  “  The  me¬ 

morial  of  congratulation  which  you  sent  me  is  not  one  which  I 
could  press  for  presentation  as  a  matter  of  right,  but  fortunately, 
by  a  pious  fraud,  I  succeeded  in  reading  it  without  interrup¬ 
tion,  so  that  it  will  appear  word  for  word  in  the  Record,  and 
it  is  referred  to  the  noble  army  of  martyrs  known  as  the  com¬ 
mittee  on  woman  suffrage.” 

At  a  delightful  breakfast  given  by  Sorosis  at  Delmonico’s  on 
its  twenty-third  birthday,  Miss  Anthony  was  the  guest  of  honor, 
seated  at  the  right  of  the  president,  Mrs.  Ella  Dietz  Clymer, 
and  in  her  short  address  recalled  the  fact  that  she  had  known 
Mrs.  Clymer  and  their  incoming  president,  Dr.  Jennie  de  la  M. 
Lozier,  when  they  were  no  taller  than  the  table. 

She  gave  a  Sunday  afternoon  reception  at  the  Riggs  to  Mrs. 
Annie  Besant,  of  London,  and  in  his  letter  regretting  that  ab¬ 
sence  from  the  city  would  prevent  his  attendance,  ex-Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  Hugh  McCulloch  said  :  ‘‘I  am  sorry  I  can  not 

see  you  often.  I  have  been  for  many  years  a  ‘looker  on’  and 
I  appreciate  the  work  which  you  have  done  for  the  benefit  of 
the  race.  You  have  not  labored  in  vain  and  you  have  the 

1  After  the  convention  Miss  Balgarnie  wrote  :  “It  has  been  one  of  the  most  genuine  pleas¬ 
ures  of  my  life  to  meet  you,  my  dear  Miss  Anthony.  I  felt  ‘strength  go  out  of  you,’  as  it 
were,  directly  you  took  my  hand.” 


WYOMING - MISS  ANTHONY  GOES  TO  HOUSEKEEPING.  705 

satisfaction  of  knowing  that 


your  good  work  will  follow 
you/’  She  accepted  a  cordial 
invitation  to  dine  at  his  home 


and  received  assurance  of  his  * 

thorough  belief  in  suffrage  for  women. 

Easter  Sunday  she  went  to  Philadelphia  to  witness  the 
christening,  or  consecration,  of  the  Foster-Avery  baby,  by  Rev. 
Anna  Shaw,  who  had  married  the  father  and  mother.  On 
Monday  Mrs.  Avery  gave  a  reception  for  her  in  the  parlors  of 
the  New  Century  Club,  and  on  the  following  day  she  addressed 
the  1,600  girls  of  the  Normal  School. 

She  made  this  entry  in  her  diary  May  1  :  “  Left  Washing¬ 

ton  and  the  dear  old  Riggs  House  today.  For  twelve  winters 
this  has  been  my  home,  where  I  have  had  every  comfort  it  was 
possible  for  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Spofford  to  give.  For  as  many  win¬ 
ters  it  has  been  the  National  Association’s  headquarters,  but 
now  both  will  have  to  find  a  new  place,  for  the  hotel  is  to  pass 
under  another  management.”  Miss  Anthony  reached  home 
the  next  day,  and  by  the  12th  was  on  hand  for  the  State  conven¬ 
tion  at  Warren,  0.,  the  guest  as  usual  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Upton 
at  the  home  of  Hon.  Ezra  B.  Taylor.  From  here  she  went  to 
Painesville,  where  she  was  entertained  at  the  handsome  resi¬ 
dence  of  General  J.  S.  and  Mrs.  Frances  M.  Casement,  whose 
hospitality  she  had  enjoyed  for  many  years  whenever  her  jour- 
neyings  took  her  to  that  city. 

After  a  few  days  at  home  Miss  Anthony  started  for  Meriden, 
to  attend  the  Connecticut  convention  on  May  22,  and  when 
this  was  over  went  home  with  Mrs.  Hooker.  A  letter  to  the 
Woman’s  Tribune  said  : 

I  wish  I  could  tell  you  of  my  journeyings.  I  had  a  pleasant  visit  with  Mrs. 
Hooker  at  her  charming  home  in  Hartford.  En  route  from  Boston  I  spent  a 
few  days  with  Hon.  and  Mrs.  William  Whiting  in  their  beautiful  home  at 
Holyoke.  One  day  was  devoted  to  a  luncheon  party  of  a  hundred  or  more  in 
their  picturesque  log  cabin  three  miles  down  the  river,  through  the  lovely 
Connecticut  valley.  This  cabin,  with  fireplace  worthy  the  grandest  old  back¬ 
log  and  fore-stick,  polished  floors,  and  lunch  served  by  a  Springfield  caterer,  is 


Ant. — 45 


706 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


not  like  those  of  our  dear  old  grandmothers.  After  the  tables  were  cleared, 
Mrs.  Whiting  called  on  me  for  a  talk.  Another  day  we  visited  Mount  Holy¬ 
oke  Seminary,  going  through  the  various  buildings  and,  in  the  great  old 
kitchen,  looking  upon  neat  plateaus  of  light,  sweet-smelling  bread,  biscuits 
and  cake,  all  made  by  the  girls  during  the  morning.  Each  must  do  a  certain 
amount  of  work,  and  all  is  done  in  memory  of  the  sainted  Mary  Lyon,  whose 
monument  stands  under  the  grand  old  trees  which  surround  the  buildings. 

Then  on  Sunday  I  went  to  Cheshire,  to  dine  with  my  mother’s  dear  cousin, 
ninety-five  years  of  age,  bright  and  cheerful  in  her  on-look.  Next  I  hied  me 
to  the  house  of  my  Grandfather  Anthony,  who  lived  in  it  from  the  day  of  his 
marriage  in  1792,  to  his  death  at  the  age  of  ninety-six.  .  .  .  From  here  I 

went  to  Saratoga  and  took  a  drink  from  the  old  Congress  Spring,  and  Wednes¬ 
day  reached  home.  The  paper  tells  you  what  happened  on  Thursday  even¬ 
ing,  and  now  I  am  enjoying  to  the  fullest  all  the  good-will  of  my  dear  friends. 

“  What  happened  ”  was  that  Miss  Anthony  went  to  house¬ 
keeping  !  After  the  mother’s  death,  Miss  Mary  rented  the 
lower  part  of  the  house,  which  now  belonged  to  her,  reserved 
the  upper  rooms  for  herself  and  sister,  and  took  her  meals  with 
her  tenants.  This  plan  was  followed  for  a  number  of  years. 
Now,  however,  Miss  Anthony  had  passed  one  year  beyond  the 
threescore  and  ten  which  are  supposed  to  mark  the  limit  of 
activity  if  not  of  life,  and  her  friends  urged  that  she  should 
give  up  her  long  journeys  from  one  end  of  the  continent  to  the 
other,  her  hard  State  campaigns,  her  constant  lectures  and 
conventions.  She  felt  as  vigorous  as  ever  but  had  long  wished 
for  the  comforts  and  conveniences  of  her  own  home,  and  she 
concluded  that  perhaps  her  friends  were  right  and  she  should 
settle  down  in  one  place  and  direct  the  work,  rather  than  try 
to  do  so  much  of  it  herself.  She  thought  this  might  be  safely 
done  now,  as  so  many  new  and  efficient  workers  had  been  de¬ 
veloped  and  the  cause  had  acquired  a  standing  which  made  its 
advocacy  an  easy  task  compared  to  what  it  had  been  in  the 
past,  when  only  a  few  women  had  the  courage  and  strength 
to  take  the  blows  and  bear  the  contumely.  So  Miss  Mary 
took  possession  of  the  house  ;  masons,  carpenters,  painters 
and  paper-hangers  were  put  to  work,  and  by  June  all  was  in 
in  beautiful  readiness. 

The  friends  in  various  parts  of  the  country  were  deeply  in¬ 
terested  in  the  newT  move.  Letters  of  approval  came  from  all 
directions,  among  them  this  from  Mrs.  Stanton  in  England  : 


WYOMING - MISS  ANTHONY  GOES  TO  HOUSEKEEPING.  707 


“  I  rejoice  that  you  are  going  to  housekeeping.  The  mistake  of 
my  life  was  selling  Tenafly.  My  advice  to  you,  Susan,  is  to 
keep  some  spot  you  can  call  your  own  ;  where  you  can  live 
and  die  in  peace  and  be  cremated  in  your  own  oven  if  you  de- 

*  5  } 

sire. 

When  Miss  Anthony  returned  from  her  eastern  trip  on  June 
11,  a  pleasant  surprise  awaited  her.  The  Political  Equality 
Club  had  taken  part  in  the  housekeeping  program.  Hand¬ 
some  rugs  had  been  laid  on  the  floor,  lace  curtains  hung  at  the 
windows,  easy  chairs  placed  in  the  rooms,  a  large  desk  in 
Miss  Mary’s  study,  a  fine  oak  table  in  the  dining-room,  all  the 
gift  of  the  club.  Mrs.  Avery  had  sent  a  big,  roomy  desk  and 
Mrs.  Sewall  an  office  chair  for  Miss  Anthony’s  study  ;  Miss 
Shaw  and  Lucy  Anthony,  a  set  of  china ;  Mr.  Avery,  the 
needed  cutlery;  the  brother  Daniel  R.,  a  great  box  of  sheeting, 
spreads,  bolts  of  muslin,  table  linen  and  towels,  enough  to  last 
a  lifetime.  From  other  friends  came  pictures,  silver  and  bric- 
a-brac  without  limit.  The  events  of  the  evening  after  Miss 
Anthony  arrived  at  home  are  thus  described  by  the  Rochester 
Herald : 

The  truth  of  the  matter  is  that  fot  a  long  time  the  Woman’s  Political  Club 
has  been  in  love  with  Miss  Anthony,  a  feeling  which  she  has  not  been  slow 
to  reciprocate.  The  affair  culminated  last  evening,  the  nuptial  ceremony  be¬ 
ing  a  housewarming  tendered  by  the  club.  The  reception  was  a  complete  suc¬ 
cess,  and  the  rooms  were  crowded  for  several  hours,  the  number  of  visitors 
being  estimated  at  no  less  than  300.  The  house  was  brilliantly  lighted  and 
everywhere  was  a  profusion  of  cut  flowers  and  potted  ferns.  At  the  entrance 
the  visitors  were  greeted  by  Mrs.  Greenleaf,  president  of  the  club,  who  pre¬ 
sented  them  to  Miss  Anthony.  In  greeting  each  new-comer  the  hostess  dis¬ 
played  her  remarkable  power  of  memory  and  brilliance  as  a  conversationalist, 
having  a  reminiscent  word  for  every  one.  In  the  parlor  before  the  fireplace 
stood  the  old  spinning-wheel  which  in  1817  had  been  a  wedding  gift  to  her 
mother.  It  was  decked  with  marguerites  and  received  no  small  degree  of 
attention.  .  .  . 

A  short  time  after  the  housewarming,  her  cousin,  Charles 
Dickinson,  of  Chicago,  stopped  over  night  and,  after  he  had 
gone,  Miss  Anthony  found  this  note:  “  It  makes  me  blush 
for  the  wealthy  people  of  the  country,  that  they  forget  their 
duty  to  others.  Here  art  thou,  with  thy  moderate  income,  spend- 


708 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


ing  all  of  it  for  humanity’s  cause,  thinking,  speaking,  doing  a 
work  that  will  last  forever.  Please  take  rest  enough  for  good 
health  to  be  with  thee,  and  to  make  this  easier  I  enclose  a 
check  for  $300.  Call  it  a  loan  without  interest,  already  repaid 
by  the  good  done  to  our  fellow-beings.” 

In  June  she  made  a  long-promised  visit  to  her  friend  Henri¬ 
etta  M.  Banker  at  her  home  in  the  Adirondacks,  which  she 
thus  describes  : 

Rev.  Anna  Shaw  and  I  have  had  a  lovely  week.  Almost  every  day  we 
drove  out  among  the  mountains;  one  day  to  the  Ausable  lakes,  through 
beautiful  woods,  up  ravines  a  thousand  feet;  another  to  Professor  David¬ 
son’s  summer  school,  high  up  on  the  mountainside.  But  the  day  of  days 
was  when  we  drove  to  the  farm-home  of  old  Captain  John  Brown  at  North 
Elba.  We  found  a  broad  plateau,  surrounded  with  mountain  peaks  on  every 
side.  We  ate  our  dinner  in  the  same  dining-room  in  which  the  old  hero  and 
his  family  partook  of  their  scanty  fare  in  the  days  when  he  devoted  his 
energies  to  teaching  the  colored  men,  who  accepted  Gerrit  Smith’s  generous 
offer  of  a  bit  of  real  estate,  which  should  entitle  the  possessor  to  a  right  to 
vote.  Of  all  who  settled  on  those  lands,  called  the  “  John  Brown  opening,” 
only  one  grayheaded  negro  still  lives,  though  many  of  their  old  houses  and 
barns  yet  stand,  crumbling  away  on  their  deserted  farms. 

In  front  of  the  house  is  a  small  yard  and  occupying  one-half  of  it  is  a  grand 
old  boulder  with  steps  leading  to  the  top,  where  one  sees  chiseled  in  large 
letters,  “John  Brown,  December  2,  1859.”  At  the  foot  is  the  grave  of  the 
martyr,  marked  by  an  old  granite  headstone  which  once  stood  at  his  grand¬ 
father’s  grave,  and  on  it  are  inscribed  the  names  of  three  generations  of  John 
Browns.  The  vandals  visiting  that  sacred  spot  chipped  off  bits  of  the  granite 
until  it  became  necessary  to  make  a  cover  and  padlock  it  down,  so  that  the 
farmer  unlocks  the  cap  and  lifts  it  off  for  visitors  now.  Thus  is  commemorated 
that  fatal  day  which  marks  the  only  hanging  for  treason  against  the  United 
States  Government.  John  Brown  was  crucified  for  doing  what  he  believed  God 
commanded  him  to  do,  “to  break  the  yoke  and  let  the  oppressed  go  free,” 
precisely  as  were  the  saints  of  old  for  following  what  they  believed  to  be 
God’s  commands.  The  barbarism  of  our  government  was  by  so  much  the  greater 
as  our  light  and  knowledge  are  greater  than  those  of  two  thousand  years 
ago.  .  .  . 

July  25  is  to  be  Suffrage  Day  at  Chautauqua,  and  dear  Mrs.  Wallace  and 
Anna  Shaw  are  to  preach  the  gospel  of  equal  rights.  I  do  hope  Bishop  Vin¬ 
cent  will  be  present  and  there  learn  from  those  two,  who  are  surely  “  God’s 
women,”  the  law  of  love  to  thy  neighbor— woman,  as  to  thyself — man.  I  am 
hoping  the  gate  receipts  on  that  day  will  be  greater  than  those  of  any  other 
during  the  summer.  Wouldn’t  that  tell  the  story  of  the  interest  in  this 
question  ? 


WYOMING - MISS  ANTHONY  GOES  TO  HOUSEKEEPING.  709 

In  June  she  accepted  the  urgent  invitation  of  the  Ignorance 
Club  to  honor  them  by  being  their  guest  at  their  annual  frolic 
on  Manitou  beach  and  respond  to  a  toast  which  should  allow 
her  to  say  anything  she  liked.  Three  most  enjoyable  weeks 
were  spent  at  home  and  during  this  time  Miss  Anthony 
addressed  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  She  expressed  herself  in  no  un¬ 
certain  tones  as  to  the  futility  of  third  parties,  declaring  that 
the  Prohibition  party  already  had  taken  some  of  the  best 
temperance  men  out  of  Congress,  and  made  a  speech  so  forci¬ 
ble  that  it  lifted  the  bonnets  of  some  of  the  timid  sisters.  The 
evening  paper  reported : 

.  .  .  .  Rev.  C.  B.  Gardner  said  Miss  Anthony  had  given  the  company 

some  excellent  political  advice,  but  he  inclined  to  the  belief  that  the  temper¬ 
ance  reform  could  be  brought  about  without  woman  suffrage.  “  The  women 
would  bring  the  men  around  in  time;  they  could  accomplish  much  by 
their  moral  influence;  in  this  they  resembled  ministers.”  Miss  Anthony 
wished  to  know  if  it  would  not  be  a  good  thing  then,  to  disfranchise  the 
ministers  and  let  them  depend  entirely  on  their  moral  influence.  She  ex¬ 
plained  that  in  what  she  had  said  about  prayer  she  meant  prayer  by  action. 
She  would  not  have  it  understood  that  she  did  not  believe  in  prayer ;  she 
thought,  however,  that  an  emotion  never  could  be  equal  to  an  action. 

She  went  to  Chautauqua  July  25,  when,  for  the  first  time  in 
its  history,  woman  suffrage  was  presented.  Zerelda  G.  Wal¬ 
lace  delivered  a  grand  address  and  Rev.  Anna  Shaw  gave 
“  The  Fate  of  Republics.”  Miss  Anthony  followed  in  a  short 
speech,  and  the  Jamestown  Sunday  News  said  :  “Woman’s 
Day  was  fully  justified  by  the  reception  given  to  that  intrepid 
Arnold  Winkelreid  of  women.”  Frances  Willard  wrote  a  few 
days  later  from  the  assembly  grounds:  “  Dearest  Susan,  I 
could  sing  hallelujah  over  you  and  our  Anna  Shaw  and 
‘  Deborah  ’  Wallace  !  It  was  the  best  and  biggest  day  Chau¬ 
tauqua  ever  saw.  Do  urge  your  suffragists  to  go  in  for  this  on 
next  year’s  program.” 

Miss  Anthony  attended  the  golden  wedding  of  John  and 
Isabella  Beecher  Flooker,  in  Hartford,  August  5  ;  “a  most 
beautiful  occasion,”  she  writes  in  her  diary,  “  but  to  the  sur¬ 
prise  of  all  there  was  no  speaking.”  An  affair  without  speeches 
was  to  her  what  a  feast  without  wine  would  have  been  to  the 


710 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


ancients.  On  the  15th  suffrage  had  a  great  day  at  Lily  Dale, 
the  famous  Spiritualist  camp  meeting  grounds,  Miss  Shaw  and 
herself  making  the  principal  addresses.  Miss  Anthony  thus 
speaks  of  the  meeting  in  a  letter  : 

.  .  .  To  Brother  Buckley’s  assertion,  made  a  short  time  before,  that 

women  should  not  be  allowed  to  vote  because  the  majority  of  Spiritualists, 
Christian  Scientists  and  all  false  religions  were  women,  Miss  Shaw  replied 
that  there  was  a  larger  ratio  of  men  in  the  audience  before  her  than  she  had 
seen  in  any  Methodist  or  temperance  camp  meeting  or  Chautauqua  assembly 
this  summer.  When  Mr.  Buckley  charged  that  women  were  too  numerous 
in  the  false  religions  to  vote,  she  would  remind  him  that  there  were  three 
women  to  one  man  in  the  Methodist  church  also;  and  she  was  quite  willing 
to  match  the  vast  majorities  of  women  in  the  various  religions,  false  and  true, 
with  the  vast  majorities  of  men  at  the  horse  races,  variety  theaters,  police 
stations,  jails  and  penitentiaries  throughout  the  country.  She  brought  the 
house  down  with,  “Too  much  religion  unfits  women  to  vote!  Too  much  vice 
and  crime  qualifies  men  to  vote!” 

People  came  from  far  and  near.  Fully  3,000  were  assembled  in  that  beauti¬ 
ful  amphitheater  decorated  with  the  yellow  and  the  red,  white  and  blue.  .  . 

There  hanging  by  itself  was  our  national  suffrage  flag,  ten  by  fourteen  feet, 
with  its  regulation  red  and  white  stripes,  and  in  the  center  of  its  blue  corner 
just  one  great  golden  star,  Wyoming,  blazing  out  all  alone.  Every  cottage  in 
the  camp  was  festooned  with  yellow,  and  when  at  night  the  Chinese  lanterns 
on  the  piazzas  were  lighted,  Lily  Dale  was  as  gorgeous  as  any  Fourth  of  July, 
all  in  honor  of  W Oman’s  Day  and  her  coming  freedom  and  equality. 

Our  hosts,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  Skidmore,  are  the  center  of  things  at  Lily 
Dale,  and  right  royal  are  they  in  their  hospitality  as  well  as  their  love  of 
liberty  for  all.  This  camp  has  been  ip  existence  twelve  summers,  there  has 
been  no  police  force,  and  no  disturbance  ever  has  occurred.  Every  one  is 
left  to  his  own  sense  of  propriety  of  behavior  and  every  one  behaves  prop¬ 
erly. 

Miss  Anthony  still  intended,  however,  to  remain  at  home 
and  in  the  intervals  when  she  was  not  coaxed  away  no  bride 
ever  enjoyed  more  fully  her  first  experiment  at  housekeeping. 
All  the  forty  years  of  travelling  up  and  down  the  face  of  the 
earth  had  not  eradicated  from  her  nature  the  domestic  tastes,  and 
she  loved  every  nook  and  corner  of  the  old  home  made  new,  go¬ 
ing  from  room  to  room,  putting  the  finishing  touches  here  and 
there,  and  fairly  revelling  in  the  sense  of  possession.  Hospital¬ 
ity  was  her  strongest  instinct,  and  during  all  these  years  she  had 
accepted  so  much  from  her  friends  in  Rochester  and  elsewhere 
without  being  able  to  return  it,  that  now  she  wanted  to  entertain 


WYOMING - MISS  ANTHONY  GOES  TO  HOUSEKEEPING.  711 


everybody  and  all  at  once.  The  diary  speaks  often  of  ten  and 
twelve  at  the  table  for  dinner  or  tea,  and  Miss  Mary,  who  con¬ 
stituted  the  committee  of  ways  and  means,  was  quite  over¬ 
whelmed  with  the  new  regime.  The  story  in  the  journal  runs 
like  this  : 

Our  dear  old  friends,  Sarah  Willis  and  Mary  Hallowell,  shared  our  first 
Sunday  dinner  with  us.  .  .  .  Our  old  Abolition  friends,  Giles  B.  and 

Catharine  F.  Stebbins  and  three  or  four  others  took  tea  with  us  tonight.  .  . 

My  old  friend  Adeline  Thomson  has  come  to  stay  several  weeks  with  us. 
How  nice  to  have  my  own  home  to  entertain  my  friends.  .  .  .  Anna  Shaw 

and  niece  Lucy  came  today  and  we  had  five  others  to  dinner.  A  very  pleasant 
thing  to  be  able  to  ask  people  to  stop  and  dine.  .  .  .  Brother  D.  R.,  sister 

Anna  and  niece  Maud  came  today  for  a  week.  It  is  so  good  to  receive  them 
in  our  own  home.  D.  R.  enjoys  the  fire  on  the  hearth.  .  .  .  Had  Maria 

Porter,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Greenleaf  and  eleven  altogether  to  tea  this  evening. 
How  I  do  enjoy  it!  .  .  .  Who  came  this  day  ?  O,  yes,  Mrs.  Lydia  Avery 

Coonley,  of  Chicago,  her  son  and  her  mother,  Mrs.  Susan  Look  Avery,  of 
Louisville,  Ky.  It  makes  me  so  happy  to  return  some  of  the  courtesies  I 
have  had  in  their  beautiful  home.  .  .  .  Just  before  noon  Mrs.  Greenleaf 

popped  into  the  woodshed  with  a  great  sixteen-quart  pail  full  of  pound  balls 
of  the  most  delicious  butter,  and  we  made  her  stay  to  dinner.  The  girl  was 
washing  and  I  got  the  dinner  alone:  broiled  steak,  potatoes,  sweet  corn, 
tomatoes  and  peach  pudding,  with  a  cup  of  tea.  All  said  it  was  good  and  I 
enjoyed  it  hugely.  How  I  love  to  receive  in  my  own  home  and  at  my  own 
table ! 

She  wTent  to  Warsaw  September  17  to  help  the  Wyoming 
county  women  hold  their  convention.  The  23d  had  been  set 
apart  as  Woman’s  Day  at  the  Western  New  York  Fair,  held  at 
the  Rochester  driving  park.  Mrs.  Greenleaf  presided  ;  Miss 
Anthony  and  Rev.  Anna  Shaw  were  the  speakers.  The  former 
spoke  briefly,  insisting  with  her  usual  generosity  that  the 
honors  of  the  occasion  should  belong  to  Miss  Shaw.1  In  the 
course  of  her  few  remarks  she  said  :  “  We  who  represent  the 

suffrage  movement  ask  not  that  women  be  like  men,  but 
that  they  may  be  greater  women  by  having  their  opinions  re¬ 
spected  at  the  ballot-box.  Only  men’s  opinions  have  prevailed 
in  this  government  since  it  was  founded.  Enfranchisement 

1  Miss  Anthony  was  equally  generous  in  regard  to  speakers  of  less  renown.  She  wrote  to 
Mrs.  Blake  during  this  year:  “  I  felt  so  happy  to  give  half  of  my  hour  at  Syracuse  to  Mrs.  C., 
so  that  splendid  audience  might  see  and  hear  her.  And  I  am  always  glad  to  surrender  my 
time  to  any  unknown  speakers  whom  we  find  promising ;  but  first  they  ought  to  have  tried 
their  powers  at  their  home  meetings  and  in  rural  districts.” 


712 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


says  to  every  man  outside  of  the  State  prisons,  the  insane  and 
idiot  asylums  :  ‘  Your  judgment  is  sound  ;  your  opinions  are 

worthy  of  being  crystallized  in  the  laws  of  the  land.’  Disfran¬ 
chisement  says  to  all  women  :  ‘  Your  judgment  is  not  sound  ; 

your  opinions  are  not  worthy  of  being  counted/  Man  is  the 
superior,  woman  the  subject,  under  the  present  condition  of 
political  affairs,  and  until  this  great  wrong  is  righted,  igno¬ 
rant  men  and  small  boys  will  continue  to  look  with  disdain  on 
the  opinion  of  women/7 

From  the  time  that  Mrs.  Stanton  had  decided  to  return  to 
America  for  the  remainder  of  her  days,  Miss  Anthony  had 
hoped  they  might  have  a  home  together  and  finish  their  life- 
work  of  history  and  reminiscence.  When  she  learned  that 
her  friend,  with  a  widowed  daughter  and  a  bachelor  son, 
contemplated  taking  a  house  in  New  York,  she  was  greatly 
distressed,  as  she  felt  that  this  would  be  the  end  of  all  her 
plans.  She  wrote  her  immediately  : 

We  have  just  returned  from  the  Unitarian  church  where  we  listened  to  Mr. 
Gannett’s  rare  dissertation  on  the  religion  of  Lowell ;  but  all  the  time  there 
was  an  inner  wail  in  my  soul,  that  by  your  fastening  yourself  in  New  York 
City  I  couldn’t  help  you  carry  out  the  dream  of  my  life — which  is  that  you 
should  take  all  of  your  speeches  and  articles,  carefully  dissect  them,  and  put 
your  best  utterances  on  each  point  into  one  essay  or  lecture ;  first  deliver 
them  in  the  Unitarian  church  on  Sunday  afternoon,  and  then  publish  in  a 
nice  volume,  just  as  Phillips  culled  out  his  best.  Your  Reminiscences  give 
only  light  and  incidental  bits  of  your  life — all  good  but  not  the  greatest  of 
yourself.  This  is  the  first  time  since  1850  that  I  have  anchored  myself  to  any 
particular  spot,  and  in  doing  it  my  constant  thought  was  that  you  would 
come  here,  where  are  the  documents  necessary  to  our  work,  and  stay  for  as 
long,  at  least,  as  we  must  be  together  to  put  your  writings  into  systematic 
shape  to  go  down  to  posterity.  I  have  no  writings  to  go  down,  so  my  ambi¬ 
tion  is  not  for  myself,  but  it  is  for  one  by  the  side  of  whom  I  have  wrought 
these  forty  years,  and  to  get  whose  speeches  before  audiences  and  committees 
has  been  the  delight  of  my  life. 

Well,  I  hope  you  will  do  and  be  as  seemeth  best  unto  yourself,  still  I  can 
not  help  sending  you  this  inner  groan  of  my  soul,  lest  you  are  not  going  to 
make  it  possible  that  the  thing  shall  be  done  first  which  seems  most  important 
to  me.  Then,  too,  I  have  never  ceased  to  hope  that  we  would  finish  the  His¬ 
tory  of  Woman  Suffrage,  at  least  to  the  end  of  the  life  of  the  dear  old  Na¬ 
tional. 


WYOMING - MISS  ANTHONY  GOES  TO  HOUSEKEEPING.  713 

Mrs.  Stanton’s  children  would  not  consent  to  this  plan,  but 
she  came  to  Rochester  for  a  month’s  visit  in  September.  It 
was  desired  by  many  friends  that  to  the  very  satisfactory  busts 
of  Miss  Anthony  and  Lucretia  Mott,  which  had  been  made  bv 
Adelaide  Johnson,  should  be  added  one  of  Mrs.  Stanton,  and 
all  be  placed  in  the  Woman’s  Building  at  the  World’s  Fair. 
To  accomplish  this  Miss  Anthony  rented  a  large  room  in  the 
adjoining  house  for  a  studio  and  invited  the  sculptor  to  her 
home  for  a  number  of  weeks,  until  the  sittings  were  finished. 

During  Mrs.  Stanton’s  visit  Miss  Anthony  entertained  the 
Political  Equality  Club  and  a  large  company  of  guests,  the 
evening  being  devoted  to  the  subject  of  the  admission  of  women 
to  Rochester  University.  A  number  of  the  faculty,  Congress¬ 
men  Greenleaf  and  Baker,  several  ministers,  the  principal  of 
the  free  academy — about  200  altogether  were  present  and  the 
discussion  was  very  animated.  Practically  all  of  them  be¬ 
lieved  in  opening  the  doors  and  a  letter  of  approval  was  read 
from  David  J.  Hill,  president  of  the  university.  The  trustees 
were  represented  by  Dr.  E.  M.  Moore,  who  was  in  favor  of  ad¬ 
mitting  women  but  declared  that  it  would  be  impossible  unless 
an  additional  fund  of  $200,000  was  provided  beforehand. 
Miss  Anthony  insisted  that  the  girls  should  first  be  admitted 
and  then,  when  a  necessity  for  more  money  was  apparent,  it 
would  be  much  easier  to  raise  it.  In  the  course  of  his  remarks 
Dr.  Moore  said  it  was  more  important  to  educate  boys  than 
girls  because  they  were  the  breadwinners. 

The  Utica  Sunday  paper  came  out  a  few  days  later  with  a 
half-page  cartoon  representing  the  university  campus  ;  on  the 
outside  of  the  fence  were  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Stanton  head¬ 
ing  a  long  procession  of  girls,  books  in  hand;  standing  guard 
over  the  fence,  labeled  “  prejudice  and  old  fogyism,”  was  Dr. 
Moore  pointing  proudly  to  the  “  breadwinners,”  who  con¬ 
sisted  of  two  confused  and  struggling  masses,  one  engaged  in 
a  “cane  rush  ”  and  the  other  in  a  fight  over  a  football.  This 
little  incident  merely  proved  the  oft-repeated  assertion  that 
these  two  women  never  were  three  days  together  without  stir¬ 
ring  up  a  controversy,  in  which  the  opposing  forces  invariably 


714 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


were  worsted  and  public  sentiment  was  moved  up  a  notch  in 
the  direction  of  larger  liberty  for  woman. 

Together  they  visited  the  palatial  home,  at  Auburn,  of  Eliza 
Wright  Osborne,  daughter  of  Martha  C.  Wright,  where  they 
were  joined  by  Elizabeth  Smith  Miller,  daughter  of  Gerrit 
Smith  ;  and  there  were  delightful  hours  of  reminiscence  and 
chat  of  mutual  friends,  past  and  present.  The  diary  shows 
that  Miss  Anthony  purchased  a  full  set  of  books  to  join  the 
Emerson  and  Browning  classes  this  year,  but  there  is  no 
record  of  attendance  save  at  one  meeting.  One  entry  says  : 
“  Dancing  to  the  dentist ’s  these  days.”  Another  tells  of  for¬ 
getting  to  go  to  a  luncheon  after  the  invitation  had  been  ac¬ 
cepted  ;  and  still  another  of  inviting  a  number  of  friends  to 
tea  and  forgetting  all  about  it. 

In  November  she  went  again  to  Auburn  to  the  State  con¬ 
vention,  remaining  four  days.  The  Daily  Advertiser  said  : 
“  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony,  the  grand  old  woman  of  the  equal 
rights  cause,  was  then  introduced  and  spoke  at  length  upon 
the  objects  for  which  she  had  labored  so  faithfully  all  her  life. 
Except  for  her  gray  hair  and  a  few  wrinkles,  no  one  would 
suppose  the  speaker  to  be  in  her  seventy-second  year.  The 
full,  firm  voice,  the  active  manner  and  clear  logic,  all  belonged 
to  a  young  woman.”  At  the  close  of  the  convention  Mrs. 
Osborne  gave  a  reception  in  her  honor,  attended  by  nearly  one 
hundred  ladies. 

By  invitation  of  the  Unitarian  minister,  Rev.  W.  C.  Gan¬ 
nett,  Miss  Anthony  participated  with  himself  and  Rabbi  Max 
Lansberg  in  Thanksgiving  services  at  the  Unitarian  church. 
The  topic  was  “The  Unrest  of  the  Times  a  Cause  for  Thank¬ 
fulness,”  as  indicated  by  “The  Woman,  the  Social  and  the 
Religious  Movements.”  Miss  Anthony  responded  to  the  first 
in  a  concise  address,  considered  under  twelve  heads  and  not 
occupying  more  than  that  number  of  minutes  in  delivery,  be¬ 
ginning  with  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson’s  declaration,  “  A  whole¬ 
some  discontent  is  the  first  step  toward  progress,”  and  giving 
a  resume  of  women’s  advancement  during  the  past  forty 
years,  due  chiefly  to  dissatisfaction  with  their  lot. 


WYOMING - MISS  ANTHONY  GOES  TO  HOUSEKEEPING.  715 

It  had  not  been  an  easy  matter  for  Miss  Anthony  to  have 
even  this  fragment  of  a  year  at  home.  From  many  places 
she  had  received  letters  begging  her  to  come  to  the  assist¬ 
ance  of  societies  and  conventions,  and  she  was  just  as  anxious 
to  go  as  they  were  to  have  her.  The  most  urgent  of  these 
appeals  came  from  Mrs.  Johns,  of  Kansas,  where  a  constitu¬ 
tional  convention  was  threatened  and  the  women  wanted  a 
suffrage  amendment.  When  Miss  Anthony  did  not  go  to  the 
spring  convention,  Mrs.  Johns  wrote,  April  18:  "I  can 
never  tell  you  howl  missed  you,  and  the  people — they  seemed 
to  think  they  must  have  you.  Letter  after  letter  came  asking, 
‘  Is  there  no  wTay  by  which  we  can  get  Miss  Anthony?  9  99 
When  she  declined  to  go  to  the  fall  convention,  Mrs.  Johns 
wrote,  November  26:  “  I  declare  it  seemed  as  if  I  did  not 

know  how  to  go  on  without  you,  and  our  women  felt  just  as  I 
did.  We  have  had  you  with  us  so  often  that  we  depended  on 
your  presence  more  than  we  knew.”  In  another  long  letter 
she  said  : 

I  hope  the  national  association  will  not  leave  Kansas  to  work  out  her  own 
salvation.  Surely  you,  to  whom  we  owe  municipal  suffrage,  are  not  going 
to  fail  to  come  to  us  at  this  awful  juncture!  Dear  Aunt  Susan,  you  won’t  get 
any  wounds  here.  I  will  take  charge  of  the  office  and  make  the  routes,  which 

I  am  able  to  do  well;  I  will  speak;  I  will  organize;  I  will  do  anything 
you  think  best,  and  there  will  be  nobody  inquiring  what  you  do  with  funds, 
and  there  will  be  no  disgraceful  charges  and  counter-charges,  unless  I  am 
greatly  mistaken  in  Kansas  women  and  in  myself.  We  all  love  you  here 
and  we  want  the  cause  to  succeed  more  than  we  want  personal  aggrandize¬ 
ment. 

Mrs.  Johns  persuaded  Mrs.  Avery  to  join  in  her  plea  and 
finally  Miss  Anthony  could  hold  out  no  longer,  but  December 

II  wrote  to  the  latter  :  “I  have  been  fully  resolved  all  along  not 
to  go  to  Kansas  during  this  first  campaign,  because  I  felt  that 
my  threescore  and  ten  and  two  years  added  ought  to  excuse  me 
from  the  fearful  exposure  ;  still,  since  you  and  dear  Laura  are 
left  so  deserted  and  will  be  so  heartbroken  if  I  stick  to  my  re¬ 
solve,  I  will  say  yes,  tuck  on  my  coat  and  mittens  and  start. 
But  alas !  how  soon  must  that  be  ?  I  am  thoroughly  in  the 


716 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


dark  as  to  when  and  where  I  shall  be 
wanted  to  begin,  but  I  will  do  my  level 
best.  ” 

The  closing  days  of  1891  were  devoted 
to  the  voluminous  correspondence  which 
preceded  every  national  convention.  The 
large  number  of  letters  on  file  from  prom¬ 
inent  senators  and  representatives  show 
that  Miss  Anthony  was  keeping  an  eye  on 
the  committees  and  pulling  the  wires  to 
have  known  friends  placed  on  those  which 
would  report  on  woman  suffrage.  “  I  am 
in  full  sympathy  with  you  upon  the 
question  of  woman’s  enfranchisement, ” 
wrote  Senator  Dolph,  of  Oregon,  “and 
also  with  your  effort  to  secure  a  chairman 
of  the  committee  who  favors  the  movement 
and  is  able  to  present  it  with  intelligence 
and  ability.”  Speaker  Reed  closed  his 
letter  by  saying,  “When  the  eleventh 
hour  comes,  we  all  shall  flock  in,  clam¬ 
orous  for  pennies.”  Words  of  encour¬ 
agement  were  received  from  many  others, 
and  Senator  and  ex-Governor  Francis  E. 
Warren,  of  Wyoming,  wrote:  “I  am 
always  in  harness  for  woman  suffrage 
wherever  I  may  be.  My  spoken  and 
written  testimony  for  a  score  of  years  has 
been  in  its  praise  and  of  its  perfect  work¬ 
ing  and  results  in  Wyoming.” 


CHAPTER  XL. 


IGNORED  BY  THE  PARTIES - APPOINTED  TO  OFFICE. 

1892. 

N  her  way  to  the  convention  of  1892,  Miss 
Anthony  stopped  in  New  York  in  response  to  an 
urgent  letter  from  Mrs.  Stanton,  now  comfort¬ 
ably  ensconced  in  a  pleasant  flat  overlooking 
Central  Park,  saying  that  unless  she  came  and 
took  her  bodily  to  Washington  she  should  not  be  able  to  go. 
“  All  the  influences  about  me  urge  to  rest  rather  than  action/ ’ 
she  wrote  exactly  what. Miss  Anthony  had  feared.  She  was 
now  in  her  seventy-seventh  year  and  naturally  her  children 
desired  that  she  should  give  up  public  work;  but  Miss 
Anthony  knew  that  inaction  meant  rust  and  decay  and,  as 
her  fellow-worker  was  in  the  prime  of  mental  vigor,  she  was 
determined  that  the  world  should  continue  to  profit  by  it. 
Her  address  this  year  was  entitled  “The  Solitude  of  Self,” 
considered  by  many  one  of  her  finest  papers. 

Mrs.  Stanton  received  a  great  ovation  at  the  opening  ses¬ 
sion,  January  16,  but  this  proved  to  be  her  last  appearance  at 
a  national  convention.  For  more  than  forty  years  she  had 
presided  with  a  grace  and  dignity  which  never  had  been  sur¬ 
passed,  and  now  she  begged  that  the  scepter,  or  more  properly 
speaking  the  gavel,  might  be  transferred  to  Miss  Anthony, 
whose  experience  had  been  quite  as  extended  as  her  own.  The 
delegates  yielded  to  her  wishes  and  Miss  Anthony  was  elected 
national  president.  The  office  of  chairman  of  the  executive 
committee  was  abolished  ;  Mrs.  Stanton  and  Lucy  Stone  were 
made  honorary  presidents,  and  Rev.  Anna  H.  Shaw  vice-pres¬ 
ident-at-large. 


(717) 


718  LIFE.  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY . 

Miss  Anthony  presided  over  the  ten  sessions  of  the  conven¬ 
tion  and  they  required  a  firm  hand,  for  the  discussions  were 
spirited,  as  the  questions  considered  were  important.  Among 
them  were  the  work  to  be  done  at  the  World  s  Fair  ;  the  open¬ 
ing  of  the  fair  on  Sunday ;  the  proposition  to  hold  every 
alternate  convention  in  some  other  city  than  Washington  ;  the 
plan  to  carry  suffrage  work  into  the  southern  States  ;  the  ad¬ 
visability  of  making  another  campaign  in  Kansas  ;  and  other 
matters  on  which  there  was  a  wide  difference  of  opinion. 

John  B.  Allen,  of  Washington,  had  introduced  in  the  Senate, 
and  Halbert  S.  Greenleaf  in  the  House,  a  joint  resolution  pro¬ 
posing  an  amendment  to  the  Constitution  extending  the  right 
to  women  to  vote  at  all  federal  elections.  The  House  Judiciary 
Committee,  January  18,  granted  a  hearing  to  such  speakers  as 
should  be  selected  by  the  national  convention  then  in  session. 
Miss  Anthony,  Mrs.  Stanton,  Lucy  Stone  and  Mrs.  Hooker 
were  chosen.  This  was  the  first  Democratic  committee  before 
whom  an  appeal  had  been  made  ;  they  listened  courteously, 
but  brought  in  no  report  on  the  question. 

The  Senate  committee  granted  a  hearing  January  20,  and 
three-minute  addresses  were  made  by  eighteen  women  repre¬ 
senting  as  many  States.  Before  they  left  the  room,  Senator 
Hoar  moved  that  the  committee  make  a  favorable  report  and 
the  motion  was  seconded  by  Senator  Warren,  Senator  Blair 
also  voting  in  favor.  Senators  Vance,  of  North  Carolina,  and 
George,  of  Mississippi,  voted  in  the  negative.  Senators  Quay 
and  Carlisle  were  absent. 

During  the  convention  the  district  suffrage  society  gave  a 
reception  in  the  parlors  of  the  Wimodaughsis  club  house. 
Later,  Mrs.  Noble,  wife  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  issued 
cards  for  a  reception  in  honor  of  Miss  Anthony,  Mrs.  Stanton 
and  Lucy  Stone.  It  was  attended  by  members  of  the  Cabinet, 
Senate,  House,  diplomatic  corps  and  many  others  prominent 
in  official  and  social  life. 

As  Miss  Anthony  had  no  longer  her  comfortable  quarters  at 
the  Riggs  House  free  of  all  expense,  she  did  not  linger  in 
Washington,  but  went  to  Philadelphia  for  a  week  with  the 


IGNORED  BY  THE  PARTIES - APPOINTED  TO  OFFICE.  719 

friends  there  and  reached  home  February  6.  “  I  send  congrat¬ 
ulations,  I  always  wanted  you  to  be  president/ ’  wrote  Mrs. 
Johns.  “Now  can’t  you  come  to  our  Kansas  City  Inter-State 
Convention  ?  We  do  need  you  so  and  there  wouldn’t  be  stand¬ 
ing  room  if  you  were  there.”  And  later:  “Do  any  of  my 
wails  reach  you  ?  The  Kansas  City  people  plead  for  you  to  come 
if  only  to  be  looked  at.  Is  there  any  hope  ?”  Miss  Anthony 
was  perfectly  willing  to  make  a  winter  campaign  in  Kansas, 
but  hex  friends  insisted  that  there  were  plenty  of  younger 
women  to  do  this  work  and  she  should  wait  till  spring.  So 
Anna  Shaw,  Mary  Seymour  Howell  and  Florence  Balgarnie, 
of  England,  went  to  the  assistance  of  the  women  there,  and 
Rachel  Foster  Avery  gave  $1,000  to  this  canvass. 

Every  day  at  home  was  precious  to  Miss  Anthony.  Some¬ 
times  on  Sunday  afternoon  she  went  to  Mount  Hope,  on  whose 
sloping  hillsides  rest  the  beloved  dead  of  her  own  family  and 
many  of  the  friends  of  early  days;1  or  she  walked  down  to  the 
^long  bridge  which  spans  the  picturesque  Genesee  river  and  com¬ 
mands  a  fine  view  of  the  beautiful  Lower  Falls.  Occasionally  a 
friend  called  with  a  carriage  and  they  took  the  charming  seven- 
mile  drive  to  the  shore  of  Lake  Ontario.  Sunday  mornings  she 
listened  to  Mr.  Gannett’s  philosophical  sermons  ;  and  through 
the  week  there  were  quiet  little  teas  with  old  friends  whom  she 
nad  known  since  girlhood,  but  had  seen  far  too  seldom  in  all  the 
busy  years.  Instead  of  forever  giving  lectures  she  was  able  to 
hear  them  from  others  ;  and  she  could  indulge  to  the  fullest,  on 
the  big  new  desk,  her  love  of  letter-writing,  while  the  immense 
work  of  the  national  association  was  always  pressing.  She 
had  a  number  of  applications  for  articles  from  various  maga¬ 
zines  and  newspapers,  but  her  invariable  reply  was,  “I  have 
no  literary  ability;  ask  Mrs.  Stanton;”  and  no  argument 
could  convince  her  that  she  could  write  well  if  she  would  give 
the  time  to  it. 

She  addressed  the  New  York  Legislature  in  April  in  refer¬ 
ence  to  having  women  sit  as  delegates  in  the  approaching  Con- 

In  the  center  of  the  Anthony  lot,  not  far  from  the  main  gateway,  is  a  square  monument 
of  Medina  granite,  the  four  sides  of  its  cap-stone  inscribed  Liberty,  Justice,  Fraternity 
Equality.  ’ 


720 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


stitutional  Convention.  In  response  to  a  request  from  the 
Rochester  Union  and  Advertiser,  she  wrote  an  earnest  letter 
advocating  the  opening  of  the  World  s  Fair  on  Sunday,  and 
giving  many  strong  reasons  in  favor.  On  April  22,  she  joined 
Miss  Shaw,  who  was  lecturing  at  Bradford,  Penn.,  and  Sunday 
afternoon  addressed  an  audience  which  packed  the  operahouse. 
The  next  day  she  organized  a  suffrage  club  of  seventy  members 
among  the  influential  women  of  that  city.  After  leaving  there 
Rev.  Anna  Shaw,  herself  an  ordained  Protestant  Methodist 
minister,  wrote  her  that  she  had  been  shut  out  of  several 
churches  because  she  had  addressed  an  audience  at  the  Lily 
Dale  Spiritualist  camp  meeting.  She  said:  “  I  told  them 
that  I  would  speak  to  5,000  people  on  woman  suffrage  any¬ 
where  this  or  the  other  side  of  Hades  if  they  could  be  got 

together.” 

The  first  week  in  May,  at  the  urgent  invitation  of  her  good 
friends,  Smith  G.  and  Emily  B.  Ketcham,  of  Grand  Rapids, 
Miss  Anthony  attended  their  silver  wedding.  From  this 
pleasant  affair  she  went  to  the  Michigan  Suffrage  Convention 
at  Battle  Creek,  where  she  visited  an  old  schoolmate,  Mrs. 
Sarah  Hyatt  Nichols.  She  reached  Chicago  in  time  for  the 
biennial  meeting  of  the  General  Federation  of  Woman’s  Clubs. 
Special  trains  were  run  from  New  York  and  Boston,  Cential 
Music  Hall  was  crowded  and  numerous  elegant  receptions  were 
given  for  the  300  delegates  from  all  parts  of  the  country. 
Many  eminent  women  sat  upon  the  platform,  among  them  the 
president  of  the  federation,  Mrs.  Charlotte  Emerson  Brown, 
Frances  E.  Willard,  Susan  B.  Anthony,  Julia  Ward  Howe, 
May  Wright  Sewall,  Jenny  June  Croly  and  Dr.  Sarah  Hackett 
Stevenson,  all  of  whom  were  heard  at  different  times  during 
the  convention.  Miss  Anthony  was  the  guest  of  Lydia  Avery 
Coonley,  whose  mother  wrote  to  Mary  Anthony  : 

I  have  been  intending  for  several  days  to  tell  you  that  however  your  sister 
may  have  been  regarded  forty  years  ago,  she  is  today  the  most  popular  woman 
in  these  United  States.  The  federation  closed,  as  you  probably  know,  on 
Friday  night.  During  the  meetings  she  was  several  times  asked  to  come 
forward  on  the  platform,  which  she  did  to  the  manifest  gratification  of  the 
people,  saying  something  each  time  which  “brought  down  the  house.  On 


IGNORED  BY  THE  PARTIES - APPOINTED  TO  OFFICE.  721 


the  last  night  a  note  was  sent  to  the  president  asking  that  “  Susan  B.,”  Julia 
Ward  Howe  and  Ednah  D.  Cheney  would  please  step  forward.  They  came, 
but  only  your  sister  spoke  and  what  she  said  was  vociferously  cheered  over 
and  over  again. 

The  business  committee  of  the  National  Council — -Miss  Wil¬ 
lard,  Mrs.  Sewall,  Mrs.  Foster  Avery,  Miss  Anthony  and 
others — met  in  Chicago  the  same  week,  the  principal  subject 
of  consideration  being  the  Woman’s  Congress  to  be  held  the 
next  year  during  the  World’s  Fair.  While  in  the  city  Miss 
Anthony  gave  a  number  of  sittings  to  Lorado  Taft,  the  sculp¬ 
tor.  Miss  Willard  had  asked  that  he  might  make  the  bust  to 
be  placed  in  the  gallery  of  famous  women  at  the  World’s  Fair, 
she  herself  to  be  responsible  for  all  expenses.  “  Come  and 
spend  a  week  with  me  in  my  home,”  she  wrote,  “  while  he 
prepares  a  model  of  that  statesmanlike  head,  the  greatest  of 
them  all.”  Desirous  of  pleasing  her,  Miss  Anthony  agreed, 
but  at  once  many  of  the  strong-minded  protested  that  the  bust 
must  be  made  by  a  woman. 

A  number  of  amusing  letters  were  exchanged.  From  Miss 
Willard  :  “  Mr.  Taft  is  the  most  progressive  believer  in 

woman  and  admirer  of  you,  dear  Susan,  that  I  know.  He  is 
in  full  sympathy  with  all  of  our  ideas.  I  am  sure  that  as  a 
friend  of  mine,  appreciated  by  me  as  highly  as  you  are  by  any 
woman  living,  you  will  not  place  me  in  the  position  of  declin¬ 
ing  to  have  this  work  done.  Please  do  not  take  counsel  of 
women  who  are  so  prejudiced  that,  as  I  once  heard  said,  they 
would  not  allow  a  male  grasshopper  to  chirp  on  their  lawn  ; 
but  out  of  your  own  great  heart,  refuse  to  set  an  example  to 
such  folly.” 

Mr.  Taft  himself  wrote  Miss  Anthony  :  “  I  can  put  myself 

in  your  place  sufficiently  to  appreciate  in  part  the  objections 
which  you  or  your  friends  may  feel  toward  having  the  work 
done  by  a  man.  My  only  regret  is  that  I  am  not  to  be  allowed 
to  pay  this  tribute  to  one  whom  I  was  early  taught  to  honor 
and  revere.  .  .  .  Come  to  think  of  it,  I  believe  I  am  pro¬ 

voked  after  all.  Sex  is  but  an  accident,  and  it  seems  to  me 
that  it  has  no  more  to  do  with  art  than  has  the  artist’s  com- 
Ant. — 46 


722 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


plexion  or  the  political  party  he  votes  with.”  Again  from 
Miss  Willard  :  “  Do  you  not  see,  my  friend  and  comrade,  that 

having  engaged  a  noble  and  large-minded  young  man,  who  be¬ 
lieves  as  we  do,  to  make  that  bust,  engaged  him  in  good  faith 
and  announced  it  to  the  public,  it  is  a  ‘  little  rough  on  me,’  as 
the  boys  say,  for  my  dear  sister  to  wish  me  to  break  my  con¬ 
tract  ?  We  can  not  have  too  many  busts  of  you,  so  let  Miss 
Johnson  go  on  and  make  hers,  and  let  me  have  mine,  and  let 
those  other  women  make  theirs,  and  we  will  yet  have  one  of 
them  in  the  House  of  Representatives  at  Washington,  the  other 
in  the  Senate/  the  third  in  the  White  House  !  .  .  .  My 

dear  mother  and  Anna  wish  to  be  remembered  to  you,  know¬ 
ing  that  you  are  one  of  our  best  and  most  trusted  friends,  only 
I  must  say  that  you  are  a  naughty  woman  in  this  matter  of  the 
‘statoot.’”  Miss  Anthony’s  common  sense  finally  induced 
her  to  waive  objections  and  she  gave  Mr.  Taft  as  many  sittings 
as  he  desired.  When  the  work  was  finished  Miss  Willard 
wrote:  “My  beloved  Susan,  your  statue  is  perfect.  Lady 
Henry  and  I  think  that  one  man  has  seen  your  great,  benignant 
soul  and  shown  it  in  permanent  material.” 

The  25th  of  May  Miss  Anthony  attended  a  meeting  of  the 
Ohio  association  at  Salem,  where  had  been  held  in  April,  1850, 
the  second  woman’s  rights  convention  in  all  history.  There 
was  present  one  of  the  pioneers  who  had  called  that  conven¬ 
tion,  Emily,  wife  of  Marius  Robinson,  editor  of  the  Anti- 
Slavery  Bugle.  Miss  Anthony  read  her  paper  for  her,  as  she 
was  over  eighty  years  old,  and  added  her  own  strong  comments, 
of  which  the  report  of  the  secretary  said  :  “Her  burning 
words  can  never  be  forgotten,  and  many  a  soul  must  have  re¬ 
sponded  to  her  call  for  workers  to  carry  to  glorious  completion 
what  was  begun  in  such  difficulty.” 

There  was  some  talk  at  this  time  of  holding  a  Southern 
Woman’s  Council  and  Miss  Anthony  wrote  to  the  Arkansas 
Woman’s  Chronicle  : 

The  New  England  States  hold  an  annual  suffrage  convention  and  have  done 
so  for  nearly  thirty  years,  and  I  do  not  see  any  valid  reason  why  the  States  of 
any  section  may  not  have  a  society  or  a  convention.  Larger  numbers  from  the 


IGNORED  BY  THE  PARTIES - APPOINTED  TO  OFFICE.  723 


six  New  England  States  can  meet  and  help  each  other  in  Boston,  than  could 
possibly  go  to  Washington  to  get  the  soul-refreshing  which  comes  through  the 
gathering  together  of  kindred  spirits  from  the  entire  nation. 

As  I  shall  be  glad  to  see  the  women  of  the  South,  of  all  possible  aims  and  ends, 
meet  in  council,  so  I  should  rejoice  to  see  them  hold  a  southern  States’  suffrage 
convention.  I  say  this  because  I  want  you  to  know  that  my  heartiest  sympa¬ 
thy  goes  with  you  in  your  effort  to  call  together  the  women  of  your  section  of 
the  Union;  and  I  shall  rejoice  to  see  the  women  of  the  far-off  northwestern 
States  doing  the  same  thing.  Women  should  have  their  local  societies  and 
meetings,  their  county,  State  and  section  conventions,  and  then,  for  our 
great  national  gathering,  each  State  should  send  its  representatives  to  Wash¬ 
ington,  there  to  confer  together  and  go  before  the  committees  of  Congress  to 
urge  our  claims.  What  a  power  women  would  be  if  all  could  but  see  eye  to 
eye  in  their  struggle  for  freedom ! 

She  remained  at  home  long  enough  to  prepare  the  memorials 
to  the  national  political  conventions,  and  June  4  found  her  at 
Minneapolis  ready  for  the  Republican  gathering.  She  was  en¬ 
tertained  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  T.  B.  Walker,  and  found  Mrs.  J. 
Ellen  Foster  also  a  guest  in  that  hospitable  home.  The  me¬ 
morial  presented  by  the  National-American  W.  S.  A.  contained 
the  same  unanswerable  arguments  for  the  enfranchisement  of 
women  which  had  been  made  for  so  many  years,  and  asked 
for  the  following  plank:  “As  a  voice  in  the  laws  and  the 
rulers  under  which  we  live  is  the  inalienable  right  of  every 
citizen  of  a  republic,  we  pledge  ourselves,  when  again  in  power, 
to  place  the  ballot  in  the  hand  of  every  woman  of  legal  age,  as 
the  only  weapon  with  which  she  can  protect  her  person  and 
property  and  defend  herself  against  all  aggressive  legislation.  ” 

Miss  Anthony  was  notified  that  she  could  have  a  hearing  be¬ 
fore  the  platform  committee  on  the  evening  of  June  8.  She 
was  promptly  on  hand  and  was  kept  standing  in  the  hall  out¬ 
side  of  the  committee  room  until  after  9  o’clock.  Finally  she 
was  so  tired  she  sent  for  one  of  the  committee  to  ask  how  much 
longer  she  would  have  to  wait.  She  learned  that  its  chairman, 
J.  B.  Foraker,  of  Ohio,  refused  to  preside  or  call  the  commit¬ 
tee  to  order  to  hear  any  argument  on  woman  suffrage.  Sena¬ 
tor  Jones,  of  Nevada,  then  hunted  him  up  and  asked  if  he 
might  preside  in  his  place,  and  permission  being  given  she 
was  invited  into  the  room.  She  spoke  for  thirty  minutes  as 


724  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

only  a  woman  could  speak  who  had  suffered  the  persecution  of 
an  Abolitionist  before  the  Republican  party  was  born,  who 
had  been  loyal  to  that  party  throughout  all  the  dark  days  of 
the  Civil  War,  who  had  not  once  repudiated  its  principles  in 
all  the  years  which  had  since  elapsed.  She  pleaded  that  now 
she  and  the  women  she  represented  might  have  its  support  and 
recognition  in  their  right  to  representation  at  the  ballot-box. 
This  committee  was  composed  of  twoscore  of  the  most  promi¬ 
nent  men  in  the  Republican  party  and,  at  the  close  of  Miss 
Anthony’s  address,  every  one  in  the  room  arose  and  many 
crowded  about  her,  giving  her  the  most  earnest  assurance  of 
their  belief  in  the  justice  of  her  cause,  but  telling  her  frankly 
that  they  could  not  put  a  woman  suffrage  plank  in  their  plat¬ 
form  as  the  party  was  not  able  to  carry  the  load  !  The  plank 
eventually  adopted  read  as  follows  : 

We  demand  that  every  citizen  of  the  United  States  shall  be  allowed  to  cast 
one  free  and  unrestricted  ballot  in  all  public  elections,  and  that  such  ballot 
shall  be  counted  as  cast ;  that  such  laws  shall  be  enacted  and  enforced  as  will 
secure  to  every  citizen,  be  he  rich  or  poor,  native  or  foreign,  white  or  black, 
this  sovereign  right  guaranteed  by  the  Constitution.  The  free  and  honest 
popular  ballot,  the  just  and  equal  representation  of  all  the  people,  as  wTell  as 
their  just  and  equal  protection  under  the  laws,  are  the  foundation  of  our  re¬ 
publican  institutions,  and  the  party  will  never  relax  its  efforts  until  the  in¬ 
tegrity  of  the  ballot  and  the  purity  of  elections  shall  be  guaranteed  and  pro¬ 
tected  in  every  State. 

This  was  identical  with  the  one  adopted  in  1888,  at  which 
time  a  number  of  women  had  telegraphed  the  chairman  asking 
if  the  convention  intended  it  to  apply  to  women,  and  he  had 
answered  that  he  did  not  understand  it  to  have  any  such  in¬ 
tention.  Therefore  the  women  who  went  to  the  Republican 
convention  of  1892  asking  for  bread,  received  instead  “  the 
water  in  which  the  eggs  had  been  boiled.” 

There  were  present  at  this  convention  two  regularly  ap¬ 
pointed  women  delegates  from  Wyoming,  and  the  difference 
in  the  attention  bestowed  upon  them  and  upon  those  who  came 
to  press  the  claims  of  the  great  class  of  the  disfranchised, 
ought  to  have  been  an  object  lesson  to  all  who  assert  that 
women  will  lose  the  respect  of  men  when  they  enter  politics. 


IGNORED  BY  THE  PARTIES - APPOINTED  TO  OFFICE.  725 


Not  a  newspaper  in  the  country  had  a  slur  to  cast  on  these 
women  delegates.  The  Boston  Globe  made  this  pertinent  com¬ 
ment  :  “An  elective  queen  in  this  country  is  no  more  out  of 
place  than  one  seated  by  hereditary  consent  abroad.  It  is  no 
rash  prediction  to  assert  that  the  child  is  now  born  who  will 
see  a  woman  in  the  presidential  chair.  Thomas  Jefferson  will 
not  be  fully  vindicated  until  this  government  rests  upon  the 
consent  of  all  the  governed.” 

After  just  five  days  at  home  Miss  Anthony  left  for  Chicago 
to  attend  the  Democratic  National  Convention,  June  21,  which 
was  requested  to  adopt  the  following  plank:  “Whether  we 
view  the  suffrage  as  a  privilege  or  as  a  natural  right,  it  be¬ 
longs  equally  to  every  citizen  of  good  character  and  legal  age 
under  government ;  hence  women  as  well  as  men  should  enjoy 
the  dignity  and  protection  of  the  ballot  in  their  own  hands.” 

Miss  Anthony  and  Isabella  Beecher  Hooker  took  rooms  at 
the  Palmer  House  and  the  latter  made  arrangements  for  the 
hearing  before  the  resolution  committee,  which  was  assembled 
in  one  of  the  parlors,  Henry  Watterson,  of  Louisville,  chair¬ 
man.  The  ladies  made  their  speeches,  were  courteously  heard, 
politely  bowed  out,  and  the  platform  was  as  densely  silent  on 
the  question  of  woman  suffrage  as  it  had  been  during  its  whole 
history.  Mrs.  Hooker  remained  alone  in  the  convention  un¬ 
til  2  o’clock  in  the  morning,  hoping  to  get  a  chance  to  address 
that  body.  She  had  not  been  fooled  as  many  times  as  Miss 
Anthony,  who  returned  to  the  hotel  and  went  to  bed. 

The  Union  Signal,  Frances  E.  Willard,  editor,  spoke  thus 
of  the  occasion  : 

That  heroic  figure,  Susan  B.  Anthony,  sure  to  stand  out  in  history  as 
plainly  as  any  of  our  presidents,  has  given  added  significance  to  the  two 
great  political  conventions  of  the  year.  Neither  party  has  recognized  her 
plea,  but  both  have  innumerable  adherents  who  openly  declare  themselves  in 
favor  of  her  principles.  She  states  that  this  year  she  felt  for  the  first  time 
that  she  had  a  pivot  on  which  to  hang  her  quadrennial  plea,  and  that  pivot 
was  Wyoming,  the  men  of  that  equal-minded  State  in  both  conventions  hold¬ 
ing  up  her  hands.  Miss  Anthony’s  pathetic  eyes  reveal  that  she  has  attained 
to  loneliness — the  guerdon  of  great  spirits  who  struggle  from  any  direction 
toward  the  mountain  tops  of  human  liberty.  But  on  the  heights  such  souls 
meet  God,  and  one  day  all  women  shall  call  her  blessed. 


726 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


The  National  Prohibition  Convention  at  Cincinnati,  June 
30,  was  not  visited  by  Miss  Anthony,  as  she  felt  that  the 
women  of  this  party  needed  no  assistance  in  looking  after  the 
interests  of  suffrage.  The  third  plank  in  the  platform  there 
adopted  read  :  “  No  citizen  should  be  denied  the  right  to  vote 
on  account  of  sex.” 

From  Chicago  she  went  directly  to  Kansas  to  look  after  the 
fences  in  that  State.  Mrs.  Johns  and  Anna  Shaw  joined  her 
and  they  spoke  before  the  Chautauqua  Assembly  at  Ottawa, 
June  27,  going  thence  to  Topeka,  as  Miss  Anthony  expressed 
it,  “  to  watch  the  State  Republican  Convention.”  They  re¬ 
ceived  a  hearty  greeting  and  she  was  invited  to  address  the 
convention  June  30.  The  Capital  said:  There  were  loud 

calls  for  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  as  she  advanced  to  the  plat¬ 
form  she  was  greeted  with  the  most  cordial  applause.”  In 
the  evening  a  reception  was  given  in  the  Senate  chamber  to 
the  ladies  in  attendance  at  the  convention.  Miss  Anthony, 
Mrs.  Johns  and  Mrs.  May  Belleville  Brown  addressed  the  res¬ 
olution  committee.  The  platform  was  reported  with  a  plank 
favoring  the  submission  to  the  voters  of  a  woman  suffrage 
amendment,  which  was  enthusiastically  adopted — 455  to 
267— -in  the  largest  Republican  convention  ever  held  in 
Kansas.1 

Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Shaw  then  hastened  to  Omaha  for 
the  first  national  convention  of  the  People’s  party  July  4. 
They  arrived  about  9  p.  m.,  July  2,  to  find  they  were  booked 
for  speeches  at  the  Unitarian  church  that  evening  and  the 
audience  had  been  waiting  since  7:30,  so  they  rushed  thither, 
hot,  dusty  and  tired,  and  made  their  addresses.  Sunday 
afternoon  they  went  to  a  workingwomen’s  meeting  in  the  ex¬ 
position  building  and  heard  Master  Workman  Powderly  for 
the  first  time.  At  his  invitation  Miss  Anthony  also  spoke. 

1  At  the  convention  of  Republican  clubs  a  few  days  previous,  Senator  Ingalls,  having  been 
defeated  for  re-election  to  the  Senate  and  feeling  somewhat  humbled,  said  in  his  speech : 
“I  believe  every  man  ought  to  be  a  politician;  I  might  say  every  woman  also.  If  a  plank 
endorsing  woman  suffrage  were  inserted  in  the  Republican  platform,  I  would  stand  upon  it.” 
Ten  years  before,  in  this  same  city,  he  had  declared  it  to  be  “  that  obscene  dogma,  whose  advo¬ 
cates  are  long-haired  men  and  short-haired  women,  the  unsexed  of  both  sexes,  human  capons 
and  epicenes.” 


IGNORED  BY  THE  PARTIES - APPOINTED  TO  OFFICE.  727 

The  People’s  party,  from  its  inception,  had  recognized 
women  as  speakers  and  delegates  and  claimed  to  be  the  party 
of  morality  and  reform,  but  after  a  day  at  the  convention  Miss 
Anthony  writes  in  her  diary  :  “They  are  quite  as  oblivious 
to  the  underlying  principle  of  justice  to  women  as  either  of  the 
old  parties  and,  as  a  convention,  still  more  so.”  The  resolu¬ 
tion  committee  refused  to  grant  the  ladies  even  an  opportunity 
to  address  them,  which  had  been  done  willingly  by  the  Repub¬ 
licans  and  Democrats.  Their  platform  contained  no  reference 
to  woman  suffrage  except  that  in  the  long  preamble  occurred 
the  sentence  :  “We  believe  that  the  forces  of  reform  this  day 
organized  will  never  cease  to  move  forward  until  every  wrong 
is  righted,  and  equal  rights  and  equal  privileges  securely 
established  for  all  the  men  and  women  of  this  country.”  This 
sentiment,  however,  was  universally  accepted  by  the  delegates 
as  including  the  right  of  suffrage. 

Miss  Anthony  spoke  at  the  Beatrice  Chautauqua  Assembly, 
and  then  returned  to  Rochester.  She  had  some  time  before 
received  a  letter  from  Chancellor  John  H.  Vincent  saying : 
“  The  subject  of  woman  suffrage  will  be  presented  at  Chautau¬ 
qua  on  Saturday,  July  30,  1892.  A  prominent  speaker  will 
be  secured  to  present  the  question  as  forcibly  as  possible.  In 
behalf  of  the  Chautauqua  management,  I  take  pleasure  in 
extending  to  you  a  hearty  invitation  to  be  present  and  take  a 
place  upon  the  platform  on  that  occasion.  Trusting  that  you 
will  be  able  to  accept  this  invitation,  I  am,  faithfully  yours.” 

She  had  had  a  long,  hot  and  fatiguing  trip  and  her  cool, 
spacious  home  was  so  restful  that  she  decided  to  defer  her  visit 
to  Chautauqua  until  later  in  the  season.1  On  August  8,  Miss 
Shaw,  Mrs.  Foster  Avery  and  Miss  Anthony,  who  had  been 
having  a  little  visit  together,  started  from  Rochester  for  Chau¬ 
tauqua,  where  the  Reverend  Anna  was  to  debate  the  question 
of  woman  suffrage  with  Rev.  J.  M.  Buckley,  editor  New  York 
Christian  Advocate.  She  gave  her  address  amidst  a  succession 

1  Henry  B.  Blackwell  delivered  the  address  at  Chautauqua.  At  its  close  he  asked  all  who 
were  opposed  to  woman  suffrage  to  rise,  and  about  twenty  persons  stood  up.  He  then  asked 
all  who  were  in  favor  to  stand,  and  the  great  audience,  filling  the  huge  amphitheater,  rose 
in  a  body. 


728 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


of  cheers  and  applause,  Miss  Anthony  sitting  on  the  platform 
with  her,  an  honor  rarely  accorded  at  the  assembly.  In  the 
evening  a  delightful  reception  was  given  to  the  three  ladies  in 
the  Hall  of  Philosophy.  Dr.  Buckley  made  his  reply  the  next 
day  to  an  audience  so  cold  that  even  his  supreme  self-satisfac¬ 
tion  was  disturbed.  If  any  one  thing  ever  has  been  demon¬ 
strated  at  Chautauqua,  by  those  speeches  and  all  preceding  and 
following  them  on  the  same  question,  it  is  that  the  sentiment 
of  the  vast  majority  of  the  people  who  annually  visit  this  great 
assembly  is  in  favor  of  woman  suffrage. 

After  speaking  at  the  Cassadaga  Lake  camp  meeting,  August 
24,  Miss  Anthony  went  in  September  to  the  Mississippi  Valley 
Conference  at  Des  Moines.  It  was  thought  that  possibly  by 
holding  a  great  convention  in  the  West,  large  numbers  in  that 
section  of  the  country  and  the  States  along  the  Mississippi 
could  attend  who  would  find  it  inconvenient  to  go  to  Washing¬ 
ton.  She  was  glad  to  give  her  co-operation  and  spoke  and 
worked  valiantly  through  all  the  sessions.  From  Des  Moines 
she  went  to  Peru,  Neb.,  at  the  urgent  invitation  of  President 
George  L.  Farnham,  to  address  the  State  Normal  School.1 

Early  in  October  she  began  her  tour  of  the  State  of  Kansas 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Republican  central  committee.  She 
was  accompanied  one  week  by  Mrs.  Johns,  and  then  each  went 
with  some  of  the  men  who  were  canvassing  the  State.  Mrs. 
Johns  made  Republican  speeches  ;  Miss  Anthony  described  the 
record  of  the  party  on  human  freedom  and  urged  them  to  com¬ 
plete  that  roll  of  honor  by  enfranchising  women.  The  cam¬ 
paign  managers  were  very  much  dissatisfied  because  she  talked 
suffrage  instead  of  tariff  and  finance,  but  as  she  was  paying 
her  own  travelling  expenses  and  contributing  her  services,  she 
reserved  the  right  to  speak  on  the  only  subject  in  which  she 
felt  a  vital  interest.  If  the  Republicans  had  won  the  election, 
Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Johns  expected  that  of  course  they 
would  take  up  the  question  of  woman  suffrage  and  carry  it  to 

’When  she  spoke  in  the  New  York  State  Teachers’  Convention  in  1853,  the  first  time  a 
woman’s  voice  had  been  heard  in  that  body,  Professor  Farnham,  then  superintendent  of 
the  Syracuse  public  schools,  was  one  of  the  three  men  who  came  up  and  congratulated 
her. 


IGNORED  BY  THE  PARTIES - APPOINTED  TO  OFFICE.  729 


success  ;  but  the  State  was  carried  by  the  newly  formed  Peo¬ 
ple’s  party. 

As  soon  as  she  was  thoroughly  rested  and  renovated  in  her 
own  home,  after  this  hard  campaign,  Miss  Anthony  left  for  the 
State  convention  at  Syracuse,  November  14. 1  The  Standard, 
intending  to  compliment  the  ladies,  said  :  “The  loud-voiced, 
aggressive  woman  of  other  days  was  not  here.  In  her  place 
were  low-voiced,  quietly-dressed,  womanly  women,  and  those 
who  expected  to  see  the  ‘woman  rioter’  of  the  past  failed  to 
find  one  of  the  sort.  The  graceful,  dignified  and  quiet  woman 
of  today  bears  no  likeness  to  some  who  have  gone  before,  who 
thought  to  break  through  and  gain  their  desires.” 

A  contemporary  called  the  paper  down  as  follows  :  “  When 

it  is  remembered  that  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  one  of  the  origi¬ 
nators  of  the  movement,  that  Lucy  Stone  and  Mrs.  Greenleaf 
and  a  host  of  others  who  have  marched  right  along  in  the  suf¬ 
frage  ranks  from  the  beginning,  were  also  the  leaders  in  this 
*  low-voiced  ’  assembly  who  came  on  tip-toe  and  acted  in  pan¬ 
tomime,  the  compliment,  to  say  the  least,  has  negative  quali¬ 
ties.”  An  interview  on  this  statement  contains  the  following 
paragraph  : 

“It  simply  shows,”  said  Miss  Anthony,  smiling,  “how  differently  the 
question  is  regarded  now.  Among  the  women  who  were  pioneers  in  the 
movement  were  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  and  myself.  I  don’t  think  it  proba¬ 
ble  that  we  are  any  sweeter-faced  or  that  our  voices  are  any  more  melodious 
than  they  were  thirty  years  ago.  It  is  only  that  the  whole  matter  was 
regarded  with  such  horror  and  aversion  then  that  any  one  connected  with  it 
was  looked  upon  in  a  disagreeable  light;  it  is  very  different  now.”  Her 
pleasant  face,  with  a  suggestion  of  her  Quaker  descent  in  its  soft  bands  of  gray 
hair,  took  on  a  gently  reminiscent  expression,  which  her  visitor  could  not 
help  but  contrast  amusedly  with  the  imaginary  portrait  of  the  redoubtable 
Amazon  that  in  her  early  years  was  conjured  up  by  the  sound  of  Susan  B. 
Anthony’s  name. 

Thanksgiving  Day  she  attended  service  at  the  Universalist 
church  and  comments  in  her  diary  :  “  Mr.  Morrill,  the  asso- 

1While  here  Miss  Anthony  received  a  telegram :  “  Greeting,  gratitude  and  good-by  to  the 
noblest  Roman  of  them  all  and  her  brave  host,  from  Isabel  Somerset  and  Frances  E.  Wil¬ 
lard.”  They  had  expected  to  stop  in  Rochester  and  visit  her  before  leaving  for  England,  but 
had  gone  to  New  York  by  another  route. 


730 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


ciate  pastor,  spoke  on  ‘  The  undiscovered  Church  without  a 
Bishop;  7  Mr.  Gannett,  ‘The  undiscovered  State  without  a 
King  ;  7  Mr.  Lansberg,  ‘  Many  States  in  One  ;  7  all  good,  but 
all  alike  gave  not  the  faintest  hint  of  any  undiscovered  Amer¬ 
ica,  where  the  male  head  of  the  family  should  not  be  con¬ 
sidered  ‘  divinely  appointed. 9  I  had  hard  work  to  keep  my 
peace/ 7 

The  next  day  she  went  to  Buffalo  to  address  the  alumnse  of 
the  ladies7  academy,  and  was  entertained  by  Miss  Charlotte 
Mulligan,  founder  of  the  missionary  school  for  boys.  During 
this  time  she  was  investigating  the  new  law  permitting  women 
to  vote  for  county  school  commissioners  in  New  York,  and 
found  to  her  disgust  that  by  the  use  of  the  words  “county 
clerk  77  instead  merely  of  “  clerk  who  prints  and  distributes 
the  ballots,77  all  the  women  of  the  large  towns  and  cities  were 
still  disfranchised ;  just  as  the  law  of  1880  had  used  the  words 
“  school  meeting,77  which  also  cut  off  the  women  of  the  cities. 
This  was  another  illustration  of  the  manner  in  which  every 
step  of  the  way  to  suffrage  for  women  has  been  made  as  diffi¬ 
cult  as  possible. 

In  December  Miss  Anthony  became  an  office-holder !  It 
happened  in  this  way:  Her  neighbor,  Dr.  Jonas  Jones,  who 
had  been  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  State  Industrial  School 
located  at  Rochester,  died  on  the  4th.  She  immediately  wrote 
to  Governor  Roswell  P.  Flower  requesting  that  a  woman  be 
put  on  the  board  in  his  place,  in  addition  to  the  one  already 
serving  (Mrs.  Emil  Kuichling),  and  suggested  Mrs.  Lansberg, 
wife  of  the  rabbi ;  at  the  same  time  she  asked  Mary  Seymour 
Howell,  who  resided  in  Albany,  to  see  the  governor  and  use 
her  influence.  She  did  so  and  found  he  was  quite  willing  to 
appoint  a  woman  but  would  not  consider  any  but  Miss  An¬ 
thony.  She,  however,  was  away  from  home  so  much  she 
thought  that  in  justice  to  the  institution  she  ought  not  take 
the  position  ;  but  when  she  learned  that  her  refusal  might  re¬ 
sult  in  a  man’s  being  given  the  place,  she  telegraphed  her 
willingness  to  accept.  She  was  appointed  at  once  to  fill  out 
the  unexpired  term  of  Dr.  Jones,  and  May  4,  1893,  was  re-ap- 


IGNORED  BY  THE  PARTIES - APPOINTED  TO  OFFICE.  731 

pointed  by  Governor  Levi  P.  Morton  for  a  full  term.  Of  course 
numerous  letters  and  telegrams  of  congratulation  were  received 
and  the  newspapers  contained  many  kind  notices,  similar  in 
tone  to  this  from  the  Democrat  and  Chronicle  : 

It  is  a  good  appointment;  a  fitting  recognition  of  one  of  the  ablest  and  best 
women  in  the  commonwealth.  There  has  been  a  vast  amount  of  cheap  wit 
expended  upon  Miss  Anthony  during  the  past  years,  and  although  it  has  been 
almost  entirely  good-natured  it  has  served  to  give  a  wrong  impression  to  the 
unthinking  of  one  of  the  clearest-headed  and  most  unselfish  women  ever 
identified  with  a  public  movement.  .  .  .  Speaking  of  her  appointment 

she  said:  “You  see  I  have  been  regarded  as  a  hoofed  and  horned  creature 
for  so  long  that  even  a  little  thing  touches  my  heart,  and  when  it  comes  to 
being  recognized  as  an  American  citizen  after  fighting  forty  years  to  prove 
my  citizenship,  it  begins  to  look  as  if  we  women  have  not  fought  in  vain.” 
.  .  .  A  braver-hearted  woman  than  Susan  B.  Anthony  never  lived,  but 

those  who  can  read  between  the  lines  of  her  remark  will  not  miss  the  little 
touch  of  pathos  in  her  pride,  and  the  hint  of  the  disappointments  which  have 
hurt  in  the  long  struggle. 

A  new  charter  for  the  city  of  Rochester  had  been  prepared 
and  a  mass  meeting  of  citizens  was  announced  for  December 
12,  to  hear  an  exposition  of  its  points.  The  morning  paper 
said  :  “By  far  the  most  largely  attended  meeting  the  Cham¬ 
ber  of  Commerce  has  ever  held  was  that  of  last  evening.  The 
large  attendance  was  due  to  the  announcement  that  the  new 
charter  would  be  discussed  by  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony,  and 
the  interest  of  the  meeting  was  largely  due  to  the  fact  that, 

true  to  her  colors,  she  kept  her  engagement . ”  Miss 

Anthony’s  commission  had  been  received  from  the  governor 
that  day,  which  fact  was  announced  by  President  Brickner  as 
he  introduced  her,  and  she  was  greeted  with  cheers.  In  the 
course  of  her  speech  she  said : 

Since  promising  to  address  this  body,  I  have  tried  in  vain  to  find  some 
word  which  would  settle  the  question  with  every  member  present  in  favor  of 
so  amending  the  charter  as  to  give  our  women  equal  voice  in  conducting  the 
affairs  of  the  city.  It  seems  such  a  self-evident  thing  that  the  mother’s 
opinion  should  be  weighed  and  measured  in  the  political  scales  as  well  as  that 
of  her  son.  It  is  so  simple  and  just  that  the  wife’s  judgment  should  be 
respected  and  counted  as  well  as  the  husband’s.  And  who  can  give  the 
reason  why  the  sister’s  opinion  should  be  ignored  and  the  brother’s  honored? 

.  Over  5,000  women  of  this  city  pay  taxes  on  real  estate,  and  who 


732 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


shall  say  they  are  not  as  much  interested  in  every  question  of  financial  ex¬ 
penditure  as  any  5,000  men ;  in  the  public  parks,  street  railways,  grade  cross¬ 
ings,  pavements,  bridges,  etc.?  And  not  only  the  5,000  tax-paying  women, 
but  all  the  women  of  the  city  are  equally  interested  in  the  sanitary  con¬ 
dition  of  our  streets,  alleys,  schools,  police  stations,  jails  and  asylums.  .  .  . 

To  repair  the  damages  of  society  seems  to  be  the  mission  assigned  to 
women,  and  we  ask  that  the  necessary  implements  shall  be  placed  in  their 
hanas.  But,  you  say,  women  can  be  appointed  to  see  to  these  matters  without 
voting.  Yes,  but  they  are  not;  and  if  they  were,  without  the  ballot  they 
would  be  powerless  to  effect  the  improvements  they  might  find  necessary.  If 
the  women  of  this  city  had  the  right  to  vote,  those  on  the  board  of  charities, 
foi  instance,  would  not  be  compelled  year  after  year  to  beg  each  member  of 
every  new  council  for  the  appointment  of  some  women  as  city  physicians,  as 
scores  of  them  have  done  for  the  past  six  or  eight  years.  Had  we  the  right 
to  vote,  do  you  suppose  we  should  have  to  plead  in  vain  before  the  two  part¬ 
ies  to  place  women  in  nomination  for  the  school  board  ? 

I  want  this  amendment  of  the  charter  first,  because  it  is  right  and  just  to 
women;  second,  that  women  may  have  a  political  fulcrum  on  which  to  plant 
their  lever  for  everything  they  wdsh  to  secure  through  government;  third, 
that  the  opinions  of  the  women  of  this  city  may  be  respected,  and  there  is 
no  other  way  to  secure  respect  but  to  have  them  counted  with  those  of  men 
in  the  ballot-box  on  every  possible  question  which  is  carried  to  that  tribunal ; 
and  fourth,  to  free  the  mothers  from  the  cruel  taunt  of  being  responsible  for 
the  character  of  their  grown-up  sons  while  denied  all  power  to  control  the 
conditions  surrounding  them  after  they  pass  beyond  the  dooryards  of  their 
homes. 

She  continued  by  showing  the  good  effects  of  woman’s  munic¬ 
ipal  suffrage  in  England,  Canada  and  also  in  Kansas,  and 
full  suffrage  in  Wyoming  ;  and  closed  with  an  earnest  appeal 
for  an  amendment  to  the  new  charter  which  should  confer  the 
municipal  franchise  upon  women.  A  few  days  later  the 
boaid  of  tiustees  took  final  action  on  the  charter,  of  which  the 
Democrat  and  Chronicle  said  :  “  The  amendment  proposed  by 

Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  extending  the  suffrage  to  women  was 
defeated,  although  by  a  close  vote.  Had  there  been  a  full 
meeting  of  the  board  it  is  a  question  whether  it  would  not  have 
been  adopted,  as  several  of  the  members  who  were  not  present 
last  evening  had  expressed  themselves  as  favorable.”1 

1  Jean  Brooks  Greenleaf,  at  this  time  in  Washington  with  her  husband,  wrote  Miss  An¬ 
thony  : 

I  felt  heart-sick  when  I  learned  the  result  of  the  charter  business  and  I  am  not  over  it 
yet.  I  told  Mr.  Greenleaf  I  would  dispose  of  every  bit  of  taxable  property  I  have  in  Roches¬ 
ter.  I  can  not  bear  to  think  that,  with  so  glorious  an  opportunity  to  be  just,  men  prefer  to 
be  so  unjust.  They  can  help  it  if  they  will,  those  men  who  speak  us  so  fair.  If  they  would 
make  one  oolid  stand  for  our  rights  they  could  overrule  the  masses  who  are  not  half  so  un- 


IGNORED  BY  THE  PARTIES - APPOINTED  TO  OFFICE.  733 


Miss  Anthony  addressed  the  Monroe  County  Teachers’  In¬ 
stitute  at  Brighton,  December  16.  The  diary  records  many 
visits  to  the  Industrial  School,  conferences  with  the  other  four¬ 
teen  trustees  and  much  correspondence  with  the  boards  of 
similar  institutions  elsewhere.  In  her  mail  this  year  were 
letters  from  most  of  the  civilized  countries  on  the  globe,  among 
them  several  from  the  leaders  of  the  movement  in  New  Zea¬ 
land,  saying  that  her  name  was  more  familiar  than  all  others 
there,  and  asking  for  advice  and  encouragement  in  their  work 
of  securing  the  ballot  for  women.1  The  following  was  received 
from  Mrs.  Kate  Beckwith  Lee,  Dowagiac,  Mich.:  “Mr. 
Bonet,  our  sculptor,  obtained  your  photograph,  and  we  now 
have  your  grand  face  looking  down  in  stone  from  the  front  of 
our  theater,  which  was  erected  as  an  educator  to  our  people 
and  a  memorial  to  my  father,  P.  D.  Beckwith,  who  was  liberal 
toward  all  mankind  and  a  believer  in  woman’s  equality,- 
and  I  sincerely  hope  you  may  some  time  see  the  building.” 
The  other  women  sculptured  on  this  handsome  edifice  are 
George  Eliot,  George  Sand,  Rachel,  Mary  Anderson  and  Sarah 
Bernhardt.  Among  the  great  mass  of  correspondence,  this  is 
selected  : 

An  incident  which  is  of  no  particular  consequence  to  this  inquiry,  constrains 
me  to  write  in  the  hope  that  you  may  find  time  to  place  upon  paper  your 
recollection  of  the  connection  that  my  father  (the  late  George  H.  Thacher, 
then  mayor  of  the  city  of  Albany)  had  with  your  anti-slavery  meeting  in  this 
city  just  before  the  war.  I  was  too  young  to  have  it  make  a  vivid  impression 
upon  me,  but  it  has  sometimes  been  said  that  was  the  first  opportunity  your 
organization  had  to  freely  express  its  views  within  the  State  of  New  York.  I 
will  be  very  grateful  if  you  will  permit  your  memory  to  go  back  some  thirty 
years  and  recall  that  incident.2  Yours,  John  Boyd  Thacher. 

This  illustrates  the  pride  which  the  children  of  the  future 
will  have  in  showing  that  their  parents  or  grandparents  ren¬ 
dered  some  assistance  to  the  cause  of  woman  and  of  freedom. 
Yet  Mr.  Thacher,  who,  as  a  member  of  the  New  York  Board 

ready  to  do  women  justice  as  they  are  represented.  Good  God !  when  I  think  of  it  I  wonder 
how  you  have  borne  it  all  these  years  and  not  gone  wild.” 

1  Full  suffrage  was  granted  to  the  women  of  New  Zealand  in  1893. 

2  In  February,  1861 ;  see  Chapter  XIII. 


734 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


of  General  Managers  of  the  Columbian  Exposition,  had  the  se¬ 
lection  of  those  who  should  compose  the  Woman’s  Board  of 
the  State,  did  not  name  one  who  had  been  identified  with  the 
great  movement  for  equal  rights  during  the  past  forty  years, 
and  had  made  it  possible  for  women  to  participate  in  this  cele¬ 
bration. 

A  case  which  had  been  commenced  in  the  courts  of  New  York 
in  1891  and  had  run  along  through  several  years,  may  as  well  be 
described  here  as  elsewhere.  Miss  Anthony  had  but  an  indirect 
connection  with  it  and  it  is  mentioned  more  for  its  utter  ridic¬ 
ulousness  than  for  any  other  reason.  A  woman’s  art  association 
in  New  York  City,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Thompson,  president,  Miss 
Alice  Donlevy,  secretary,  had  the  promise  of  a  legacy  to  build 
an  academy,  and  they  decided  to  place  a  statue  or  bust  at  each 
side  of  the  entrance,  representing  Reform  and  Philanthropy. 
Miss  Anthony  was  selected  for  the  one  and  Mrs.  Mary  Hamil¬ 
ton  Schuyler  for  the  other.  The  latter,  in  1852,  founded  the 
New  York  School  of  Design  for  Women,  had  been  the  friend 
and  patron  of  art,  and  for  many  years  before  her  death  had 
been  noted  for  her  philanthropic  work. 

A  serious  difficulty  at  once  arose  in  the  opposition  of  Mrs. 
Schuyler  s  nephew  and  stepson,  Philip  Schuyler,  who  ob¬ 
jected  to  the  “  disagreeable  notoriety.”  He  carried  the  matter 
into  the  courts,  which  of  course  attracted  the  comment  of  all 
the  newspapers  of  the  country,  pro  and  con,  and  caused  more 
“disagreeable  notoriety”  than  a  dozen  statues  would  have 
done.  He  obtained  a  preliminary  injunction  against  the  art 
association  and  then  took  the  case  to  the  supreme  court  for  a 
permanent  injunction,  on  the  ground  that  the  “right  of 
privacy  had  been  violated.  The  real  secret  of  his  objections, 
however,  was  exposed  in  his  complaint  before  the  supreme 

couit.  Among  the  twenty-eight  grievances  alleged  were  the 
following  : 


Twenty-second.  The  said  Mary  M.  Hamilton  Schuyler  took  no  part  what- 
evei  in  any  of  the  various  so-called  woman’s  rights  agitations,  with  which  the 
aforesaid  Susan  B.  Anthony  was,  and  is,  prominently  identified ;  and  that 
she  took  no  interest  in  such  agitations  or  movements,  and  had  no  sympathy 


IGNORED  BY  THE  PARTIES - APPOINTED  TO  OFFICE.  735 

whatever  with  them ;  and  that,  as  the  plaintiff  believes,  she  would  have  re¬ 
sented  any  attempt  such  as  is  made  by  the  defendants  to  couple  her  name 
with  that  of  the  said  Susan  B.  Anthony. 

Twenty-third.— The  acts  of  the  defendants  in  attempting  to  raise  money 
by  public  subscription  for  a  statue  of  the  said  Mary  M.  Hamilton  Schuy¬ 
ler;  in  associating  her  name  with  the  name  of  Susan  B.  Anthony,  and 
in  announcing  that  the  projected  statue  of  her  is  to  be  placed  on  public  exhi¬ 
bition  at  the  Columbian  Exposition  as  a  companion  piece  to  a  statue  of  the 
said  Susan  B.  Anthony,  constitute,  and  are  an  unlawful  interference  with  the 
right  of  privacy,  and  a  gross  and  unwarranted  outrage  upon  the  memory  of 
the  said  Mary  M.  Hamilton  Schuyler,  under  the  specious  pretense  of  doing 
honor  to  her  memory ;  and  that  the  surviving  members  of  her  family  have 
been,  and  are,  greatly  distressed  and  injured  thereby. 

The  supreme  court  continued  the  injunction,  and  the  art 
association  then  carried  the  case  up  to  the  court  of  appeals. 
Here  the  decision  of  the  lower  court  was  reversed.  The  opin¬ 
ion  was  rendered  by  Justice  Rufus  W.  Peckham,  afterwards 
appointed  by  President  Cleveland  to  the  Supreme  Bench  of  the 
United  States.  It  is  not  often  that  a  judge  of  the  highest  court 
in  the  State  incorporates  in  a  legal  decision  a  compliment  to  a 
woman,  and  for  this  reason  the  tribute  of  Justice  Peckham  is 
the  more  highly  appreciated.  After  holding  that  “  persons 
attempting  to  erect  a  statue  or  bust  of  a  woman  no  longer  liv¬ 
ing,  if  their  motive  is  to  do  honor  to  her,  and  if  the  work  is  to 
be  done  in  an  appropriate  manner,  can  not  be  restrained  by 
her  surviving  relatives/’  he  continued  : 

Many  may,  and  probably  do,  totally  disagree  with  the  advanced  views  of  Miss 
Anthony  in  regard  to  the  proper  sphere  of  women,  and  yet  it  is  impossible  to 
deny  to  her  the  possession  of  many  of  the  ennobling  qualities  which  tend  to  the 
making  of  great  lives.  She  has  given  the  most  unselfish  devotion  of  a  long 
life  to  what  she  has  considered  would  tend  most  for  the  benefit  and  practical 
improvement  of  her  sex,  and  she  has  thus  lived  almost  literally  in  the  face  of 
the  whole  world,  and  during  that  period  there  has  never  been  a  single  shadow 
of  any  dark  or  ugly  fact  connected  with  her  or  her  way  of  life  to  dim  the  lustre 
of  her  achievements  and  of  her  efforts. 


CHAPTER  XLI. 


world’s  FAIR - CONGRESS  OF  REPRESENTATIVE  WOMEN. 

1893. 

T  is  not  surprising  that  Miss  Anthony  writes  in 
her  journal  at  the  beginning  of  the  New  Year, 
1893:  “The  clouds  do  not  lift  from  my  spirit. 
I  am  simply  overwhelmed  with  the  feeling  that  I 
can  not  make  my  way  through  the  work  before 
me.”  Never  a  year  in  all  her  crowded  life  opened  with  such 
a  mountain  of  things  to  be  attended  to— suffrage  conventions, 
council  meetings,  the  great  Woman’s  Congress  at  the  World’s 
Fair,  State  campaigns,  Industrial  School  matters,  lecture 
engagements — the  list  seemed  to  stretch  out  into  infinity,  and 
it  is  no  wonder  that  it  appalled  even  her  dauntless  spirit. 

The  first  necessity  was  to  get  the  Washington  annual  con¬ 
vention  out  of  the  way.  It  had  been  set  for  an  early  date  this 
winter,  and  she  left  home  January  5.  Headquarters  were  at 
Willard’s  Hotel  and  the  convention  opened  in  Metzerott’s 
Music  Hall,  January  15,  continuing  the  usual  five  days.  At 
the  opening  session  Miss  Anthony  read  beautiful  tributes  by 
Mrs.  Stanton  to  George  William  Curtis,  John  Greenleaf  Whit¬ 
tier,  Ernestine  L.  Rose  and  Abby  Hutchinson  Patton,  who  had 
died  during  the  year,  all  earnest  and  consistent  friends  of 
woman’s  equality.  Resolutions  were  adopted  recognizing  the 
splendid  services  of  Francis  Minor,  Benjamin  F.  Butler,  Abby 
Hopper  Gibbons,  Rev.  Anna  Oliver  and  a  number  of  other  ac¬ 
tive  and  efficient  workers  who  also  had  passed  away. 

Miss  Anthony,  in  her  president’s  address,  gave  a  strong, 
cheery  account  of  the  past  year’s  work  and  an  encouraging 
Ant. — 47  (737) 


738 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


view  of  the  future,  and  at  both  day  and  evening  sessions  there 
were  the  usual  number  of  able  and  entertaining  speeches. 
Reports  were  made  by  delegates  from  thirty-six  States.  At 
the  business  meeting  the  question  again  came  up  of  holding 
the  annual  convention  in  Washington  at  the  beginning  of  each 
new  Congress  and  in  some  other  part  of  the  country  in  alter¬ 
nate  years.  This  plan  was  vigorously  opposed  by  Miss  An¬ 
thony,  who  said  in  her  protest : 

Tlie  sole  object,  it  seems  to  me,  of  this  national  organization  is  to  bring  the 
combined  influence  of  all  the  States  upon  Congress  to  secure  national  legisla¬ 
tion.  The  very  moment  you  change  the  purpose  of  this  great  body  from 
National  to  State  work  you  have  defeated  its  object.  It  is  the  business  of  the 
States  to  do  the  district  work ;  to  create  public  sentiment ;  to  make  a  national 
organization  possible,  and  then  to  bring  their  united  power  to  the  capital  and 
focus  it  on  Congress.  Our  younger  women  naturally  can  not  appreciate  the 
vast  amount  of  work  done  here  in  Washington  by  the  National  Association 
in  the  last  twenty-five  years.  The  delegates  do  not  come  here  as  individuals 
but  as  representatives  of  their  entire  States.  We  have  had  these  national 
conventions  here  for  a  quarter  of  a  century,  and  every  Congress  has  given 
hearings  to  the  ablest  women  we  could  bring  from  every  section.  In  the 
olden  times  the  States  were  not  fully  organized — they  had  not  money  enough 
to  pay  their  delegates’  expenses.  We  begged  and  worked  and  saved  the 
money,  and  the  National  Association  paid  the  expenses  of  delegates  from 
Oregon  and  California  in  order  that  they  might  come  and  bring  the  influence 
of  their  States  to  bear  upon  Congress. 

Last  winter  we  had  twenty-three  States  represented  by  delegates.  Think 
of  those  twenty-three  women  going  before  the  Senate  committee,  each  mak¬ 
ing  her  speech,  and  convincing  those  senators  of  the  interest  in  all  these 
States.  We  have  educated  at  least  a  part  of  three  or  four  hundred  men  and 
their  wives  and  daughters  every  two  years  to  return  as  missionaries  to  their 
respective  localities.  I  shall  feel  it  a  grave  mistake  if  you  vote  in  favor  of  a 
movable  convention.  It  will  lessen  our  influence  and  our  power;  but  come 
what  may,  I  shall  abide  by  the  decision  of  the  majority. 


Miss  Anthony  was  warmly  supported  by  a  number  of  dele¬ 
gates  but  the  final  vote  resulted:  in  favor,  37;  opposed,  28. 

Among  the  notable  letters  received  by  the  convention  was 
the  following  from  Lucy  Stone  :  "Wherever  woman  suffragists 
are  gathered  together  in  the  name  of  equal  rights,  there  am  I 
always  in  spirit  with  them.  Although  absent,  my  personal  glad 
greeting  goes  to  every  one  ;  to  those  who  have  borne  the  heat 
and  burden  of  the  day,  and  to  the  strong,  brave,  younger 


world’s  FAIR - CONGRESS  OF  REPRESENTATIVE  WOMEN.  739 


workers  who  have  come  to  lighten  the  load  and  complete  the 
victory.  We  may  surely  rejoice  now  when  there  are  so  many 
gains  won  and  conceded,  and  when  favorable  indications  are 
on  every  hand.  The  way  before  us  is  shorter  than  that  be¬ 
hind  ;  but  the  work  still  calls  for  patient  perseverance  and 
ceaseless  endeavor.  The  end  is  not  yet  in  sight,  but  it 
can  not  be  far  away.”  Those  who  listened  little  thought  that 
this  would  be  the  last  message  ever  received  from  that  earnest 
worker  of  fifty  long  years.  Letters  of  greeting  were  sent  to  her 
and  to  Mrs.  Stanton.  Miss  Anthony  was  unanimously  re¬ 
elected  president. 

She  lingered  for  a  few  days’  visit  with  Mrs.  Greenleaf,  who 
gave  a  reception  for  her,  at  which  Grace  Greenwood  was  one 
of  the  receiving  party.  She  had  a  luncheon  at  Mrs.  Waite’s, 
wife  of  the  Chief-Justice,  and  after  several  other  pleasant  social 
functions,  left  Washington  February  l.1  There  was  now  a 
magnet  in  New  York  City  and  henceforth  she  always  arranged 
her  hurried  eastern  trips  so  that  she  might  spend  a  few  hours 
or  days  with  Mrs.  Stanton,  when  as  in  the  old  time,  they 
wrote  calls,  resolutions  and  memorials  and  made  plans  to 
storm  the  strongholds. 

On  February  8,  Miss  Anthony  spoke  at  Warsaw,  the  guest 
of  Mrs.  Maud  Humphrey;  and  for  the  next  week  the  journal 
says  :  “  Trying  all  these  days  to  get  to  the  bottom  of  my  piles 

of  accumulated  letters.”  On  her  seventy-third  birthday 
the  Political  Equality  Club  gave  a  reception  at  the  pleasant 
home  of  Rev.  and  Mrs.  W.  C.  Gannett,  and  presented  her  with 
a  handsome  silver  teapot,  spirit  lamp  and  tray.  Mrs.  George 
Hollister  gave  her  a  set  of  point  lace  which  had  belonged  to 
her  mother,  the  daughter  of  Thurlow  Weed;  and  there  were 
numerous  other  gifts.  She  wrote  to  Mrs.  Avery  on  the  23d  : 
“  It  is  just  ten  years  ago  this  morning,  dear  Rachel,  since  we 
two  went  gypsying  into  the  old  world.  Well,  it  was  a  happy  ac¬ 
quaintance  we  made  then  and  it  has  been  a  blessed  decade 

1  James  G.  Blaine  died  while  she  was  in  Washington  and  the  diary  says :  “  He  should  have 
lived,  and  the  Republicans  should  have  honored  him  as  their  leader.  He  was  that,  though 
not  chosen  by  them.” 


740 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


which  has  intervened.  Ten  years  of  constant  work  and  thought, 
but  ten  years  nearer  the  golden  day  of  jubilee  !  ” 

She  arranged  a  meeting  at  the  Rochester  Chamber  of  Com¬ 
merce,  March  1,  for  May  Wright  Sewall,  president  National 
Council  of  Women,  to  speak  on  the  approaching  Woman’s 
Congress  at  the  World’s  Fair.  On  March  6  she  began  a  brief 
lecture  tour,  speaking  in  Hillsdale,  Detroit,  Saginaw,  Bay 
City,  Grand  Rapids,  Lansing,  Battle  Creek,  Charlotte  and  in 
Toledo.  Nine  evening  addresses,  several  receptions,  and  over 
a  thousand  miles  of  travel  in  twelve  days,  was  not  a  bad 
record  for  a  woman  past  seventy-three.1 

Among  the  pleasant  letters  received  through  the  winter  were 
several  from  the  South.  Miss  Anthony  was  especially  appre¬ 
ciative  of  the  friendship  of  southern  women,  as  her  part  in  the 

abolition  movement  in  early  times  had  created  a  prejudice 
against  her,  and  in  later  days  the  sentiment  for  suffrage  had 
not  been  sufficient  to  call  her  into  that  part  of  the  country, 
where  she  might  form  personal  acquaintances  and  friendships. 
She  had,  during  these  months,  earnest  letters  from  the  women 
of  Italy  asking  for  encouragement  and  co-operation  in  their 
struggles.  Many  letters  came  also  from  teachers,  stenogra¬ 
phers  and  other  wage-earning  women,  full  of  grateful  acknowl¬ 
edgment  of  their  indebtedness  to  her.  There  were  invitations 
enough  for  lectures  to  fill  every  month  in  the  year,  ranging  from 
the  Christian  Association  at  Cornell  to  the  Free-thinkers’  Club 
in  New  York,  and  covering  all  the  grades  of  belief  or  non¬ 
belief  between  the  two.  She  was  asked  to  contribute  to  a  sym¬ 
posium  on  The  Ideal  Man,”  to  write  an  account  of  “The 
Underground  Railroad,”  and  to  give  so  many  written  opinions 
on  current  topics  of  discussion  that  to  have  complied  would 
have  kept  her  at  her  desk  from  early  morning  until  the  mid¬ 
night  hour. 

The  newspapers,  almost  without  exception,  in  all  these  places,  spoke  in  unqualified 
praise  of  Miss  Anthony  and  her  work,  of  her  “royal  welcome,”  her  “packed  audiences,”  her 
masterly  address,  etc.  Several  of  them,  notably  the  Bay  City  Tribune,  contained  strong 
editorial  endorsement  of  woman  suffrage.  At  Lansing  she  addressed  the  House  of  Repre¬ 
sentatives  and  the  next  day  the  bill  conferring  municipal  suffrage  on  women  was  voted  on ; 
38  ayes,  39  nays.  It  was  reconsidered,  received  a  good  majority  in  both  Houses  and  was 

signed  by  the  governor,  but  afterwards  declared  unconstitutional  by  the  supreme  court  of 
the  State. 


world’s  FAIR - CONGRESS  OF  REPRESENTATIVE  WOMEN.  741 

In  a  letter  to  a  friend  she  said  :  “  The  other  day  a  million¬ 

aire  who  wrote  me,  ‘  wondered  why  I  didn’t  have  my  letters  type¬ 
written.’  Why,  bless  him,  I  never,  in  all  my  fifty  years  of 
hard  work  with  the  pen,  had  a  writing  desk  with  pigeonholes 
and  drawers  until  my  seventieth  birthday  brought  me  the 
present  of  one,  and  never  had  I  even  a  dream  of  money 
enough  for  a  stenographer  and  typewriter.  How  little  those 
who  have  realize  the  limitations  of  those  who  have  not.” 

She  wrote  to  Robert  Purvis  at  this  time  :  “  What  a  mag¬ 

nificent  opening  speech  Gladstone  made,  and  how  splendid 
his  final  remarks  :  ‘  It  would  be  misery  for  me  if  I  had  fore¬ 

gone  or  omitted  in  these  closing  years  of  my  life  any  measure 
it  was  possible  for  me  to  take  towards  upholding  and  promot¬ 
ing  the  cause — not  of  one  party  or  one  nation,  but  of  all  parties 
and  all  nations.’  So  can  you  and  I  say  with  Gladstone,  we 
should  be  miserable  but  for  the  consciousness  that  we  have 
done  all  in  our  power  to  help  forward  every  measure  for  the 
freedom  and  equality  of  the  races  and  the  sexes.” 

In  April  she  lectured  at  a  number  of  places  in  New  York  to 
add  to  the  limited  fund  which  kept  the  pot  boiling  at  home.1 
She  also  went  to  Buffalo  to  talk  over  Industrial  School  matters 
with  Mrs.  Harriet  A.  Townsend,  president  of  the  Women’s 
Educational  and  Industrial  Union,  which  had  proved  so  great 
a  success  in  that  city.  On  the  28tli  she  spoke  before  the 
Woman’s  Columbian  Exposition  Committee  of  Cincinnati, 
“  to  a  very  fashionable  and  representative  audience,”  the  En¬ 
quirer  said.  For  this  lecture  she  received  $125.  During  the 
spring  she  wrote  the  Woman’s  Tribune  : 

How  splendidly  Kansas  women  voted,  and  now  come  suffrage  amendments 
in  Colorado,  New  York  and  Kansas!  Well,  we  must  buckle  on  our  armor 
for  a  triple  fight,  and  we  must  shout  more  loudly  than  ever  to  our  friends  all 
over  the  country  for  money  to  help  these  States.  Although  Kansas  is  the 
most  certain  to  carry  the  question,  nevertheless  we  must  organize  every  school 
district  of  every  county  of  each  State  in  which  the  battle  of  the  ballot  for 
woman  is  to  be  fought.  Organize ,  agitate,  educate,  must  be  our  war  cry  from 
this  to  the  day  of  the  election. 

1  The  diary  shows  a  gift  for  this  purpose,  during  the  month,  of  $150  from  Rachel  Foster 
Avery  and  $50  from  Adeline  Thomson. 


7 42  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

Today’s  mail  brought  $100  to  our  national  treasury  from  Mrs.  P.  A.  Moffett, 
of  Fredonia.  How  my  heart  leaped  for  joy  as  I  read  her  letter  and  again 
and  again  looked  at  her  check,  and  how  I  ejaculated  over  and  over,  “  0 
that  a  thousand  of  our  good  women  who  wish  success  to  our  cause  would  be 
moved  thus  to  send  in  their  checks!  ”  Only  a  very  few  can  go  outside  to 
work,  but  many  can  contribute  money  to  help  pay  the  expenses  of  those  who 
do  leave  all  their  home-friends,  comforts  and  luxuries.  If  the  many  who 
stay  at  home  and  wish,  could  only  believe  for  a  moment  that  we  who  go  out 
hoc  knowing  where  our  heads  will  rest  when  night  comes,  reallv  love  our 
homes  as  they  love  theirs,  they  would  vie  with  each  other  to  throw  in  their 
mite  to  make  the  path  smooth  for  the  wayfarers.  But  we,  every  one  of  us 
who  can  speak  acceptably,  must  do  all  in  our  power  to  persuade  the  men  of 
these  States  to  vote  for  the  amendment.  Bo  let  us  all  take  to  ourselves  new 
hope  and  courage  for  the  herculean  task  before  us.  Who  will  send  the  next 
$100?  O,  that  we  had  $10,000  to  start  with ! 

Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Avery  met  at  Mrs.  Sewall’s  for  a 
conference  on  Woman’s  Congress  matters  and  then  went  to 
Chicago  to  attend,  by  invitation,  the  formal  opening  of  the 
Columbian  Exposition  May  1,  1893.  Miss  Anthony  wrote  : 
“Mrs.  Palmer’s  speech  was  very  fine,  covering  full  equality 
for  woman.”  Her  address  the  year  before  at  the  dedication 
ceremonies  contained  one  of  the  noblest  tributes  ever  paid  to 
women,  closing  with  these  beautiful  sentences  :  <(  Even  more 

important  than  the  discovery  of  Columbus,  which  we  are  gath¬ 
ered  together  to  celebrate,  is  the  fact  that  the  general  govern¬ 
ment  has  just  discovered  woman.  It  has  sent  out  a  flashlight 
fiom  its  heights,  so  inaccessible  to  us,  which  we  shall  answer 
by  a  return  signal  when  the  exposition  is  opened.  What  will 
be  its  next  message  to  us  ?”  Upon  this  occasion  she  was  even 
more  eloquent.  Her  keen  expose  of  the  absurd  platitudes  in 
regard  to  woman’s  sphere,  and  her  fine  defence  of  women  in 
the  industrial  world,  deserve  a  place  among  the  classics. 

Since  Miss  Anthony’s  part  in  this  great  world’s  exposition 
must  necessarily  be  condensed  into  small  space,  it  seems  most 
satisfactory  to  place  it  all  together.  It  has  been  related  in  the 
chapter  of  18/6  how  women  were  denied  practically  all  govern¬ 
mental  recognition  in  the  Centennial.  They  were  determined 
that  this  should  not  be  the  case  in  1893.  As  early  as  1889  she 
began  making  plans  to  this  effect  and  conferring  with  other 
prominent  women.  Several  officials,  who  were  in  positions 


world’s  FAIR - CONGRESS  OF  REPRESENTATIVE  WOMEN.  743 

to  influence  action  on  this  question,  had  declared  that  those 
suffrage  women  should  have  nothing  to  do  with  the  Woild  s 
Fair  and  as  some  women  whose  social  prestige  might  he 
needed  were  likely  to  be  frightened  off  if  suffrage  were  in  any 
way  connected  with  the  matter,  Miss  Anthony  felt  the  neces¬ 
sity  of  moving  very  discreetly.  As  “  those  suffrage  women  ” 
had  been  behind  every  progressive  movement  that  ever  had 
been  made  in  the  United  States  for  their  own  sex,  it  was  hardly 
possible  that  they  would  not  be  the  moving  force  in  this.  Miss 
Anthony  was  not  seeking  for  laurels,  however,  either  for  her¬ 
self  or  for  her  cause,  but  only  to  carry  her  point — that  women 
should  participate  in  this  great  national  celebration  and  that 
they  should  do  this  with  the  sanction  and  assistance  of  the 
national  government.  In  her  plans  she  had  the  valuable  back¬ 
ing  of  Mrs.  Spofford,  who  made  it  possible  for  her  to  remain 
in  Washington  every  winter,  gave  the  use  of  the  Riggs  House 
parlors  for  meetings  and  aided  in  many  other  ways. 

Miss  Anthony  went  quietly  about  among  the  ladies  in  official 
life  whom  she  could  trust,  and  as  a  result  various  World’s  Fair 
meetings  were  held  at  the  hotel,  participated  in  by  Washington’s 
influential  women,  and  a  committee  appointed  to  wait  upon 
Congress  and  ask  that  women  be  placed  on  the  commission. 
She  did  not  appear  at  these  gatherings,  and  only  her  few  con¬ 
fidantes  knew  that  she  was  behind  them.  Meanwhile  it  was 
announced  early  in  January,  1890,  that  the  World  s  Fair  Bill 
had  been  brought  before  the  House,  and  Miss  Anthony  at  once 
prepared  a  petition  asking  for  the  appointment  of  women  on 
the  National  Board  of  Management.  This  was  placed  in  the 
hands  of  ladies  of  influence  and  in  a  few  days  one  hundred 
and  eleven  names  were  obtained  of  the  wives  and  daughters  of 
the  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  the  Cabinet,  senators,  repre¬ 
sentatives,  army  officials;  as  distinguished  a  list  as  could  be 
secured  in  the  national  capital. 

This  petition  was  presented  to  the  Senate  January  12.  It 
requested  that  women  should  be  placed  on  the  board  with  men, 
but  instead,  the  bill  was  passed  in  March  creating  a  commis¬ 
sion  of  men  and  authorizing  them  to  appoint  a  number  of 


744 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


women  to  constitute  a  “  Board  of  Lady  Managers.  ”  These 
115  appointments  were  intended  to  be  practically  of  a  compli¬ 
mentary  nature,  it  was  not  expected  that  the  women  would 
take  any  prominent  part,  and  no  particular  rule  was  observed 
in  their  selection.  While  perhaps  in  some  States  they  were 
not  the  ablest  who  might  have  been  found,  they  were,  as  a 
board,  fairly  representative.  To  bring  this  great  body  into 
harmonious  action  and  guide  it  along  important  lines  of  work, 
required  a  leader  possessed  of  a  combination  of  qualities  rarely 
existing  in  one  person — not  only  the  highest  degree  of  execu¬ 
tive  ability,  but  self-control,  tact  and  the  power  of  managing 
men  and  women.  They  were  found,  however,  in  the  woman 
elected  to  preside  over  this  board,  Mrs.  Bertha  Honore  Pal¬ 
mer,  of  Chicago.  At  the  close  of  the  exposition  it  was  univer¬ 
sally  conceded  that  she  had  proved  herself  pre-eminently  the 
one  woman  in  all  the  country  for  this  place.  Her  record,  dur¬ 
ing  the  several  years  that  she  held  this  very  responsible  posi¬ 
tion,  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  ever  made  by  any  woman. 

At  the  time  Miss  Anthony  prepared  her  petition  to  Congress 
for  representation,  no  action  had  been  taken  by  any  organized 
body  of  women  in  the  country,  and  if  she  had  not  been  on  the 
field  of  battle  in  Washington  and  acted  at  the  very  moment 
she  did,  the  bill  would  have  passed  Congress  without  any 
provision  for  women.  They  would  have  had  no  recognition 
from  the  government,  no  appropriations  for  their  work,  no 
official  power,  and  their  splendid  achievements  at  the  Colum¬ 
bian  Exposition,  which  did  more  to  advance  the  cause  of 
women  than  all  that  had  been  accomplished  during  the  cen- 
tury,  would  have  been  lost  to  the  world.  Having  secured  this 
great  object,  she  asked  no  office  for  herself  or  for  any  other 
woman.  On  several  public  occasions,  in  the  early  months  of 
the  fair,  she  lefused  to  speak  or  to  sit  on  the  platform,  lest 
she  might  embarrass  the  President  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Man¬ 
agers  by  committing  her  to  woman  suffrage.  Mrs.  Palmer, 
however,  showed  her  the  most  distinguished  courtesy,  in  both 
public  and  private  affairs,  inviting  her  to  the  platform  and 
including  her  in  the  social  functions  at  her  own  residence. 


world’s  FAIR - CONGRESS  OF  REPRESENTATIVE  WOMEN.  745 

Miss  Anthony  soon  felt  that  she  was  in  full  sympathy  with 
herself  in  every  measure  which  tended  to  secure  for  women 
absolute  equality  of  rights,  a  point  which  Mrs.  Palmer  empha¬ 
sized  in  the  most  unmistakable  language  in  her  eloquent 
address  delivered  in  the  Woman’s  Building,  at  the  close  of  the 
exposition. 

In  these  circumscribed  limits  it  will  be  impossible  to  give 
any  adequate  account  of  that  greatest  of  all  accomplishments  of 
women  at  the  World ’s  Fair — the  Woman’s  Congress — —whose  pro¬ 
ceedings  fill  two  large  volumes  in  the  official  report.  In  order 
that  intellectual  as  well  as  material  progress  should  be  pre¬ 
sented,  it  had  been  decided  to  hold  a  series  of  congresses  which 
should  bring  together  a  representation  of  the  great  minds  of  the 
world.  C.  C.  Bonney  was  made  president  of  the  Congress  Aux¬ 
iliary  ‘  Mrs.  Palmer,  president,  and  Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Henrotin, 
vice-president  of  the  Woman’s  Branch.  Although  women 
were  to  participate  in  all,  Mr.  Bonney  desired  to  have  one 
composed  of  them  alone.  To  assist  Mrs.  Henrotin,  who  had 
been  made  acting  president,  as  well  as  to  further  insure  the 
success  of  this  congress,  Mr.  Bonney  appointed  May  Wright 
Sewall  chairman,  and  Rachel  Foster  Avery  secretary,  of  the 
committee  of  organization,  and  they  were  assisted  by  an  effi¬ 
cient  local  committee. 

As  president  and  secretary  of  the  National  Council  of 
Women,  and  Mrs.  Sewall  vice-president  of  the  International 
Council,  no  two  could  have  been  secured  with  so  wide  a  knowl¬ 
edge  of  the  organizations  of  women  throughout  the  world  and 
the  best  methods  of  securing  their  co-operation.  The  magni¬ 
tude  of  their  labors  can  be  appreciated  only  by  an  examina¬ 
tion  of  the  official  report.  The  fact  of  their  merging  into  this 
congress  the  International  Council  of  Women,  which  was  to 
have  been  held  in  London  that  year,  was  one  of  the  most 
potent  elements  of  its  success.  Miss  Anthony  wrote  Mrs. 
Sewall:  “  The  suffrage  work  has  missed  you,  oh,  so  much, 
still  I  would  not  have  had  you  do  differently.  I  glory  in 
Rachel’s  and  your  work  this  year  beyond  words.” 

The  World’s  Congress  of  Representative  Women,  which 


746 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


opened  May  15,  1893,  was  the  largest  and  most  brilliant  of 
any  of  the  series  which  extended  through  the  six  months  of 
the  fair,  and  was  considered  by  many  the  most  remarkable 
ever  convened.  Twenty-seven  countries  and  126  organizations 
weie  represented  by  528  delegates.  During  the  week  eighty- 
one  meetings  were  held  in  the  different  rooms  of  the  Art 
Palace.  There  were  from  seven  to  eighteen  in  simultaneous 
progress  each  day  and,  according  to  official  estimate,  the  total 
attendance  exceeded  150,000  persons.  The  fifteen  policemen 
stationed  in  the  building  stated  that  often  hundreds  of  people 
were  turned  away  before  the  hour  of  opening  arrived,  not  only 
the  audience-rooms  but  the  halls  and  ante-rooms  being  so 

crowded  that  no  more  could  enter  the  building,  which  held 

10,000. 


All  who  were  in  attendance  at  this  congress,  all  who  read 
the  accounts  in  the  Chicago  daily  papers,  will  testify  that  it  is 
not  the  bias  of  a  partial  historian  which  prompts  the  statement 
that  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  the  central  figure  of  this  historic 
gathering.  Every  time  she  appeared  on  the  stage  the  audience 
broke  into  applause  ;  when  she  rose  to  speak,  they  stood  upon 
the  seats  and  waved  hats  and  handkerchiefs.  People  watched 
the  daily  program  and  when  she  was  advertised  for  an  ad¬ 
dress,  there  was  a  rush  from  other  halls  and  an  impenetrable 
jam  in  the  corridors.  Again  and  again  she  was  obliged  to 
call  upon  a  stout  policeman  to  make  a  way  for  her  through  the 
throngs  which  pressed  about  her,  anxious  to  get  even  a  sight 
of  her  face.  No  matter  what  department  of  the  congress  she 
visited,  whether  of  education,  religion,  philanthropy  or  indus¬ 
tries,  the  audience  demanded  a  speech  and  would  not  be  satis¬ 
fied  until  it  was  made.1  Large  numbers  of  the  women  who 
gave  addresses  in  these  various  meetings  paid  tribute  to  her 
work,  and  the  mention  of  her  name  never  failed  to  elicit  a 
buist  of  applause.  At  the  many  public  and  private  receptions 
given  to  the  congress  the  post  of  honor  was  assigned  to  her, 


More  than  once-indeed,  I  believe  more  than  a  score  of  times-I  saw  speakers  of  eloquence 
and  renown  interrupted  m  the  midst  of  a  discourse  by  audiences  who  simply  would  not 
listen,  after  Miss  Anthony’s  entrance  into  the  hall,  until  she  had  been  formally  introduced 
letter11 1 ^°rt™lty^lven  them  to  express  their  reverence  by  prolonged  applause. ’’-From 


# 


} 


WORLD ?S  FAIR - CONGRESS  OF  REPRESENTATIVE  WOMEN.  747 

and  no  guest  ever  was  satisfied  to  leave  without  having  touched 
her  hand. 

It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  no  woman  in  this  country,  or 
in  any  other,  ever  was  so  honored  because  of  her  own  indi¬ 
vidual  services  to  humanity.  It  was  the  universal  recognition 
of  her  labors  of  nearly  half  a  century,  that  had  laid  the  foun¬ 
dation  upon  which  had  been  reared  all  the  great  organizations 
represented  by  the  women  in  this  congress.  Hers  had  been 
the  pioneer  work,  the  blazing  of  the  pathway  through  the  for¬ 
ests  of  custom  and  prejudice  which  for  untold  centuries  had 
forbidden  them  to  step  beyond  the  narrow  limits  of  domestic 
occupations.  All  of  a  sudden,  it  seemed,  the  women  of  the 
world  had  awakened  to  the  knowledge  that  she  had  borne  ridi¬ 
cule,  abuse,  misrepresentation,  disgrace,  that  they  might  enter 
into  the  kingdom  of  woman’s  right  to  her  highest  development. 
Long-delayed  though  it  had  been,  the  women  of  her  own  and 
other  countries  came  to  lay  their  homage  at  her  feet,  to  bow 
before  her  in  loving  gratitude,  to  rise  up  and  call  her  blessed. 

Letters  of  congratulation  were  received  from  far  and  wide  ; 
one  from  Frances  E.  Willard  in  Switzerland  said  :  ' 

My  Beloved  Susan:  You  are  a  happy  woman  and  we  are  all  crowing  to 
think  the  people  love,  honor  and  call  for  you  so  loud  and  long.  It  suits  one’s 
sense  of  poetic  justice;  it  confirms  one’s  faith  in  human  nature  and  the 
Heavenly  Power  not  ourselves  “  that  makes  for  righteousness.”  Lady  Henry, 
Anna  Gordon  and  I  have  “  hoorayed  ”  over  your  laurels  and  said,  ‘‘Bless 
her;  she  is  not  only  our  Susan  but  everybody’s.”  Lady  Henry  says  you  have 
the  true  sign  of  greatness  that  you  are  absolutely  without  pretension.  You 
do  not  take  up  all  the  time  and  luxuriate  in  the  sound  of  your  own  voice,  but 
are  glad  to  give  the  other  ones  a  bit  of  breath  too.  She  says  no  woman  of 
fame  has  ever  so  thoroughly 
made  this  impression  of  mod¬ 
esty  and  unselfishness  upon  her 
mind.  And  I  say  Selah.1 

In  her  London  letter  the  noted  correspondent,  Florence  Fen¬ 
wick  Miller,  of  England,  wrote  : 

Amidst  all  the  attractive  personalities  and  ideas  preserfod,  the  most  sought 

1  Lady  Henry  had  just  returned  from  Chicago  where  she  had  attended  the  World’s  Fair 
Temperance  Congress  and  here  had  heard  Miss  Anthony  for  the  first  time.  At  the  close  of 
her  speech  declaring  that  there  could  be  no  effective  temperance  work  among  women  until 
they  had  the  ballot,  Lady  Henry  came  forward  and  gave  it  her  most  hearty  endorsement. 


748  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

of  all — the  one  whose  presence  drew  crowds  everywhere,  who  was  made  to 
speak  in  whatever  hall  she  entered,  and  who  was  surrounded  in  every  cor¬ 
ridor  and  every  reception,  just  as  the  queen-bee  is  surrounded  in  the  hive  by 
her  courtiers,  was  the  veteran  leader  of  the  woman  suffragists  of  America, 
Susan  B.  Anthony.  At  seventy-three  she  is  as  upright  of  form,  as  clear  and 
powerful  of  mind,  as  strong  of  voice,  as  courageous  and  uncompromising  as 
ever.  Let  our  revered  and  beloved  Miss  Anthony  have  the  last  word. 

The  program  for  the  Woman’s  Congress  assigned  but  one 
session  to  the  National-American  Suffrage  Association,  and  it 
was  the  honest  intention  to  give  no  more  time  to  the  discus¬ 
sion  of  political  equality  than  to  each  of  the  other  departments. 
It  made  a  place  for  itself,  however,  in  practically  every  one  of 
the  meetings.  Whether  the  subject  were  education,  philan¬ 
thropy,  reform  or  some  other,  the  speakers  were  sure  to  point 
out  the  disabilities  of  woman  without  the  ballot.  So  strong  was 
the  desire  to  hear  this  question  discussed  that  it  became  neces- 
saiy  to  hold  afternoon  meetings  in  the  large  halls,  aside  from 
those  on  the  regular  morning  and  evening  program,  in  order 
to  give  the  eager  crowds  an  opportunity  to  hear  its  distin¬ 
guished  advocates  from  all  parts  of  the  world.  It  is  doubtful 
if  the  whole  fifty  years  of  agitation  made  as  many  converts  to 
equal  suffrage  as  did  the  great  object  lesson  of  the  Woman’s 
Congress. 

Many  pleasant  letters  passed  between  Miss  Anthony  and  Mr. 
Bonney,  Mrs.  Palmer  and  Mrs.  Iienrotin.  The  last  named 
asked  her  to  take  part  in  the  Temperance,  the  Labor  and  the 
Social  and  Moral  Reform  Congresses  and  requested  her  advice 
and  assistance.  She  was  placed  by  Mr.  Bonney  on  the  ad¬ 
visory  council  of  the  Political,  Social  and  Economic  Con¬ 
gresses.  Mrs.  Palmer  wrote  :  “I  should  like  you  to  send  us 
special  suggestions  for  speakers  and  topics.”  Miss  Anthony 
was  much  pleased  at  the  selection  of  Mrs.  Palmer  for  presi¬ 
dent  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  heartily  seconded  all  her 
efforts  and  lent  no  support  to  the  dissensions  made  by  several 
women  who  thought  there  should  have  been  more  recognition 
of  those  who  had  been  pioneer  workers.  That  this  was  appre¬ 
ciated  is  shown  by  a  letter  written  as  early  as  April,  1891  : 


world’s  FAIR - CONGRESS  OF  REPRESENTATIVE  WOMEN.  749 


I  feel  that  I  must  express  my  thanks  to  you  that  you  did  not  condemn  us 
unheard,  for  I  naturally  supposed  that  as - belonged  to  your  organ¬ 

ization  you  would  take  her  view  of  any  matter  which  interested  her.  I  thank 
you  very  much  for  your  fair-mindedness,  and  beg  that  you  will  read  the  state¬ 
ment  which  I  shall  send  you  and  which  will  probably  give  you  a  better  idea 
of  this  unpleasant  matter  than  anything  else  you  have  seen. 

I  remember  with  great  pleasure  our  meeting  in  Washington,  and  hope  it 
was  only  the  first  of  many  such  pleasant  occasions  for  me.  Thanking  you 
again,  I  am  most  cordially  yours, 


Miss  Anthony  spoke  several  times  at  the  noon -hour  meetings 
held  in  the  Woman’s  Building.1  Mrs.  James  P.  Eagle,  chair¬ 
man,  who  edited  the  report  of  the  noon-hour  addresses,  wrote 
her:  “  I  would  not  take  much  pleasure  in  publishing  our 
book  if  I  could  not  have  something  from  your  addresses  to  go 
in  it.  You  must  not  deny  me.  One  of  your  talks  was 
‘Woman’s  Influence  vs.  Political  Power,’  another  ‘The  Bene¬ 
fits  of  Organization.’  If  it  is  your  best  and  easiest  way,  make 
the  speeches  and  employ  a  stenographer  to  take  them  and  send 
me  the  bill.  I  can  not  afford  to  miss  them.  You  have  been 
so  very  kind  and  encouraging  to  me  all  along  that  I  shall  feel 
it  a  Brutus  blow  if  you  fail  me  now.”  As  she  never  wrote  a 
speech  in  these  days  and  could  not  make  the  same  one  twice, 
she  was  unable  to  comply  with  this  request. 

Miss  Anthony  was  invited  to  speak  at  the  Press  Congress 
May  27,  the  day  when  the  religious  press  as  a  leader  of 
reforms  was  under  consideration.  The  managers  became 
very  uneasy  and  began  trying  to  find  out  how  she  meant 
to  handle  the  question.  Her  only  reply  was,  “I  shall  speak 
the  truth.”  The  speech,  delivered  before  an  audience  con- 

1  “As  only  the  most  gifted  women  will  be  invited  to  participate  in  these  entertainments,  we 
hope  the  invitation  will  be  esteemed  as  an  honor  conferred  by  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers, 
and  your  acceptance  will  be  gratefully  appreciated.”— Note  of  Invitation. 


750 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


taining  many  ministers,  caused  a  tremendous  sensation.  She 
took  up  the  reforms,  temperance,  anti-slavery,  woman’s  rights, 
labor,  and  showed  conclusively  that  in  every  one  the  church  and 
the  religious  piess,  instead  of  being  leaders,  were  laggards.  At 
the  close  the  chairman  remarked  apologetically  that  of  course 
tlit  speakei  did  not  expect  people  in  general  to  agree  with  every¬ 
thing  she  had  said.  The  Chicago  Tribune  thus  finished  its 
lepoit .  As  Miss  Anthony  had  an  engagement  she  was 

obliged  to  leave  at  this  point,  and  most  of  the  audience  went 
with  her.” 

The  Congress  on  Government  convened  August  7  and,  at 
Mr.  Bonney’s  request,  Miss  Anthony  was  present  at  the  open¬ 
ing  ceremony  and  responded  to  an  address  of  welcome  in  be¬ 
half  of  the  civil  service  commission.  Five  sessions  of  this 
Government  Congress  were  devoted  to  a  discussion  of  equal 
suffrage,  the  speakers  being  women.  The  chairman,  Hon. 
Wm.  Dudley  Foulke,  said  it  was  not  the  intention  to  give  this 
subject  such  prominence,  but  women  had  shown  so  much  more 
interest  than  men,  half  of  them  accepting  the  invitation  to  take 
Part  and  only  one  man  in  twenty  responding,  that  he  was  com¬ 
pelled  thus  to  arrange  the  program. 

Soon  after  the  adjournment  of  the  Woman’s  Congress  Miss 
Anthony  left  the  Palmer  House,  which  had  been  its  head¬ 


quarters,  and,  accepting  the  invitation  of  Mrs.  Lydia  Avery 
Coonley,  enjoyed  the  congenial  atmosphere  of  her  beautiful 
home  for  a  month.  At  the  conclusion  of  her  visit  with  Mrs. 
Coonley  she  went  for  six  weeks  with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sewall,  who 
had  taken  a  large  house  for  the  season.  This  was  a  social 
center  and  the  weekly  receptions  were  a  prominent  feature, 
bringing  together  distinguished  people  from  all  countries,  who 
were  in  Chicago,  as  officials  or  visitors,  during  this  wonderful 
summer.  While  at  Mrs.  Coonley ’s  Miss  Anthony  formed  two 
acquaintances  who  from  that  date  have  been  among  her  most 
valued  friends— Mr.  and  Mrs.  Samuel  E.  Gross.  After  leaving 
the  Se walls  she  spent  a  delightful  month  with  them  at  their 
residence  on  the  Lake  Shore  drive,  where  she  was  surrounded 
with  every  luxury  which  wealth  and  affection  could  bestow. 


world’s  FAIR - CONGRESS  OF  REPRESENTATIVE  WOMEN.  751 

This  added  another  to  the  homes  in  that  city  always  open  to 
her,  and  Mrs.  Gross  often  wrote:  “Your  visits  are  a  sweet 
benediction  to  our  family.”1 

Among  the  most  elegant  of  the  many  social  affairs  to  which 
she  was  invited  was  the  luncheon  in  the  great  banquet  hall  of 
the  Hotel  Richelieu,  given  by  the  officers  of  the  National  Coun¬ 
cil  to  those  of  the  International,  the  foreign  delegates  and  a 
few  other  guests,  150  in  all.  May  Wright  Sewall  presided 
with  great  dignity  and  charm  over  the  “  after  dinner  speech¬ 
making  ”  of  this  assemblage  of  the  representative  women  from 
the  most  highly  civilized  nations  of  the  world,  and  Miss  An¬ 
thony  sat  at  her  right  hand. 

Once  she  went  to  Harvey  and  spoke  at  a  camp  meeting  of 
3,000  persons;  and  later  to  the  Bloomington  Chautauqua  to 
give  an  address ;  then  all  the  way  to  Kansas  to  speak  at  the 
State  Fair  in  Topeka  and  fill  a  month’s  lecture  engagements. 
Two  weeks  she  spent  in  her  own  home  visiting  with  relatives ; 
then  rushed  down  to  Long  Island  to  hurry  Mrs.  Stanton  with 
her  paper ;  and  back  again  to  Chicago  to  read  it  for  her  at  the 
Educational  Congress.  Many  days  and  evenings  were  passed 
among  the  wealth  of  attractions  on  the  exposition  grounds ; 
and  so  the  summer  waxed  and  waned,  one  of  the  longest  holi¬ 
days  she  ever  had  known,  and  yet  with  not  an  idle  hour  through 
all  the  four  months  of  delightful  associations  and  cherished 
acquaintances.  She  writes  in  the  diary  October  30:  “This 
was  my  last  sight  of  the  White  City  in  its  full  glory  by  night.” 

Among  the  many  graceful  words  of  farewell  spoken  by  the 
press  of  Chicago,  may  be  quoted  the  following  from  the  Inter- 
Ocean,  which  suggests  the  strong  and  graceful  pen  of  Mary  H. 
Krout : 

It  is  pleasant  in  these  reminiscent  days  when  we  talk  over  the  glories  and 
delights  of  the  World’s  Fair,  to  recall  the  honors  heaped  upon  Susan  B.  An¬ 
thony.  Her  personal  friends  vied  with  each  other  in  arranging  elaborate 
entertainments  of  which  she  was  the  central  figure.  There  were  dinners  and 
luncheons,  banquets  and  receptions,  and  at  each  and  all  the  refined  and  deli- 

1  As  a  memento  of  these  visits  Mrs.  Gross  presented  Miss  Anthony  with  $100 ;  and  Mrs.  Coon- 
ley  gave  her  a  rich  brocaded  silk  dress  and  a  travelling  suit,  both  beautifully  made  by  her 
own  dressmaker,  with  bonnets  to  match. 


752 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


cate  face  shone  above  the  board  with  a  beauty  and  tranquillity  far  exceeding 
the  mere  beauty  of  youth  and  faultlessness  of  feature.  It  was  the  beauty  of 
experience,  sweetened  and  purified  by  success  and  appreciation.  .  .  . 

It  must  seem  a  strange  contrast  to  the  woman  who  has  worked  so  persever- 
ingly  in  the  face  of  untold  difficulties — this  change  that  a  few  years  have 
wrought.  It  has  not  been  so  very  long  since  she  was  the  universal  butt  of 
ridicule,  lampooned  and  caricatured,  with  all  that  malice,  in  its  coarsest  and 
most  brutal  form,  could  suggest.  Her  age  was  the  favorite  theme  of  the  cal¬ 
low  witling,  her  cause  a  never-failing  subject  for  reproach  and  abuse.  It  is 
all  over  and  done  with,  thanks  to  the  new  race  of  men  which  women  them¬ 
selves  are  training  and  educating.  There  are  no  words  for  her  nowadays  but 
those  of  praise  and  affection.  She  has  lived  to  see  truth  survive  and  justice 
vindicated.  Men  no  longer  regard  her  as  the  arch-enemy  to  domestic  peace, 
disseminating  doctrines  that  mean  the  destruction  of  home  and  the  disorgan¬ 
ization  of  society.  They  perceive  in  her,  rather,  the  advocate  of  that  liberty 
which  knows  no  limitations  either  of  sex  or  of  condition — a  freedom  which, 
achieved,  means  the  incalculable  advancement  of  the  race. 

In  all  the  assemblages  where  Miss  Anthony  was  present  during  those  mem¬ 
orable  months — the  observed  of  all  observers,  holding  a  veritable  court — her 
admirers  were  both  men  and  women,  and  no  belle  at  a  ball  was  ever  more 
unmistakably  deferred  to.  It  made  her  happy,  as  it  should  have  done.  But 
it  made  far  happier  those  who  have  believed  in  her  all  these  years,  that  she 
should  have  triumphed  over  ignorance  and  prejudice,  and  at  threescore  and 
ten  have  come  into  her  kingdom  at  last.  When  it  is  asked  what  woman  was 
most  prominent,  most  honored,  most  in  demand  in  all  the  public  ceremonials 
and  private  functions  held  in  Chicago  during  the  Columbian  Exposition, 
there  can  be  but  one  answer — Susan  B.  Anthony. 

Through  all  the  summer  and  autumn  of  1893  a  campaign 
had  been  going  forward  in  Colorado,  where  the  legislature  had 
submitted  the  question  of  woman  suffrage  to  the  voters.  The 
national  association  was  represented  by  Mrs.  Carrie  Chapman 
Catt,  who  rendered  splendid  service.  Mrs.  Leonora  Barry 
Lake  spoke  under  the  auspices  of  the  Knights  of  Labor.  The 
rest  of  the  work  was  done  by  the  women  of  Colorado,  who 
proved  a  host  in  themselves.  Miss  Anthony  held  herself  in 
readiness  to  go  at  any  time  but  the  friends  felt  that,  unless 
vitally  necessary,  she  should  be  spared  the  hardships.  Circum¬ 
stances  were  favorable  ;  there  had  been  a  vast  change  in  public 
sentiment  since  the  defeat  of  1877  ;  the  question  was  submit¬ 
ted  at  a  time  when  only  county  elections  were  held  and  there 
was  no  political  excitement ;  Populists  and  Republicans  not 
only  endorsed  it  but  worked  for  it ;  Democrats  offered  no 


world’s  FAIR - CONGRESS  OF  REPRESENTATIVE  WOMEN.  753 

party  opposition  and  many  of  them  gave  it  cordial  support  ; 
more  than  half  of  the  newspapers  in  the  State  advocated  it. 
The  campaign  in  Colorado  differed  from  all  those  which  had 
been  conducted  in  other  States  in  the  fact  that  it  was  not  left 
for  women  to  carry  on  alone,  but  the  most  prominent  men  in 
all  parties  lent  their  assistance  and  made  the  victory  possible.1 
The  amendment  was  carried  by  nearly  6,000  majority,  about 
three  to  one  in  favor.  Miss  Anthony  received  the  telegram 
announcing  the  fact  November  8,  the  day  after  election,  and 
she  was  the  happiest  woman  in  America. 

Immediately  upon  returning  home  from  Chicago  she  went 
to  the  State  suffrage  convention  which  met  in  Historical 
Hall,  Brooklyn,  November  13.  While  in  New  York  she  was 
the  guest  of  Mrs.  Russell  Sage  at  the  dinner  of  the  Emma 
Willard  Alumnae.  Four  days  were  given  to  the  convention, 
one  or  two  spent  with  Mrs.  Catt,  in  her  delightful  home  at 
Bensonhurst-by-the-Sea,  and  a  few  at  the  suburban  residence 
of  Mrs.  Foster  Avery.  While  here  she  addressed  the  New 
Century  Club  in  Philadelphia,  and  for  several  days  following 
was  in  attendance  at  the  Pennsylvania  convention.  On 
December  18,  she  lectured  at  Jamaica ;  the  19th  at  Riverhead  ; 
the  20th  at  Richmond  ;  the  22d  she  attended  the  Foremothers’ 
Day  dinner  in  New  York  and  made  an  address  ;  the  23d  she 
spoke  before  the  Women’s  Conference  of  the  Ethical  Society 
in  that  city. 

When  not  lecturing  she  was  struggling  with  her  mass  of 
correspondence,  attending  to  her  duties  in  connection  with  the 
Industrial  School,  and  making  preliminary  arrangements  for 
two  big  State  campaigns  which  required  the  writing  of  hun¬ 
dreds  of  letters,  all  done  with  her  own  hand.  Invitations 
came  during  these  days  to  address  the  New  York  Social  Purity 
League,  the  Women’s  Republican  Association,  the  Pratt  Insti¬ 
tute  and  the  National  Convention  of  the  Keeley  Cure  League  ; 
and  requests  for  articles  on  “  Why  Should  Young  Men  Favor 

1  The  “  Remonstrants  ”  flooded  the  State  with  their  literature,  but  as  this  contained  a 
conspicuous  advertisement  of  a  large  liquor  establishment,  it  defeated  itself.  The  head¬ 
quarters  of  the  organized  opposition  were  located  in  a  Denver  brewery. 

Ant. — 48 


754 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Woman  Suffrage?”  for  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  paper  of  Chicago;  “What 
Should  the  President’s  Message  Say  ?  ”  for  the  New  York 
World  ;  “If  you  had  $1,000,000  what  would  you  do  with  it?  ” 
for  a  symposium  ;  and  at  least  a  score  of  similar  applications. 
The  friendly  letters  included  one  from  Judge  Albion  W. 
Tourgee,  acknowledging  receipt  of  the  History  of  Woman  Suf¬ 
frage,  “from  one  whose  devotion  to  principle  and  brave 
advocacy  of  right  have  ever  commanded  my  profound  esteem.” 
He  also  expressed  his  interest  and  belief  in  the  principle  of 
woman  suffrage.  The  same  mail  brought  a  letter  from  Profes¬ 
sor  Helen  L.  Webster,  asking  for  a  copy  of  the  History  to 
place  in  the  library  of  Wellesley  College  “so  that  it  may  be 
within  reach  of  the  students/ y 

The  Kansas  legislature  again  had  submitted  a  suffrage 
amendment  and  many  letters  were  coming  from  the  women  of 
that  State,  begging  Miss  Anthony’s  help.  She  filled  reams  of 
paper  during  December,  telling  them  how  to  put  everybody  to 
work,  to  organize  every  election  precinct  in  the  State,  to  raise 
money,  and  above  all  else  to  create  a  public  sentiment  which 
would  demand  a  woman  suffrage  plank  in  the  platform  of  each 
of  the  political  parties.  “Iam  going  to  make  a  big  raid  to 
get  a  fund  for  Kansas,”  she  wrote,  “  but  nothing  will  avail 
without  the  support  of  the  parties.  ”  The  work  in  Kansas  was 
not,  however,  by  any  means  the  most  formidable  undertaking 
which  confronted  her.  The  women  of  New  York  were  about 
to  enter  upon  the  greatest  suffrage  campaign  ever  attempted, 
and  toward  its  success  she  was  bending  every  thought,  energy 

and  effort,  earnestly  cooperating  with  the  strongest  and  best- 
equipped  workers  in  the  State. 


CHAPTER  XLII. 


THE  SECOND  NEW  YORK  CAMPAIGN. 

1894. 

• 

HE  year  1894  is  distinguished  in  the  annals  of 
woman  suffrage  for  two  great  campaigns:  one  in 
New  York  to  secure  from  the  Constitutional  Con¬ 
vention  an  amendment  abolishing  the  word 
“  male  ”  from  the  new  constitution  which  was  to 
be  submitted  to  the  voters  at  the  fall  election ;  the  other  in 
Kansas  to  secure  a  majority  vote  on  an  amendment  which  had 
been  submitted  by  the  legislature  of  1893,  and  was  to  be  voted 
on  in  November.  In  order  to  make  the  story  as  clear  as  pos¬ 
sible,  each  of  these  campaigns,  both  of  which  were  in  progress 
at  the  same  time,  will  be  considered  separately.  Before  enter¬ 
ing  upon  either,  the  leading  features  of  the  twenty-sixth  of  the 
series  of  Washington  conventions,  which  have  run  like  a 
thread  through  Miss  Anthony’s  life  for  more  than  a  quarter  of 
a  century,  will  be  briefly  noticed. 

On  January  13,  she  lectured  before  the  University  Associa¬ 
tion  at  Ann  Arbor  in  the  great  University  Hall— -the  second 
woman  ever  invited  to  address  that  body,  Anna  Dickinson 
having  been  thus  honored  during  the  war.  Sunday  morning 
she  spoke  for  the  University  Christian  Association,  in  Newbury 
Hall.  Monday  morning  the  State  Suffrage  Association  com¬ 
menced  a  three  days’  convention,  during  which  she  gave  num¬ 
erous  short  addresses.  Wednesday  evening  a  large  reception 
was  given  by  her  hostess,  Olivia  B.  Hall,  whose  home  Miss 
Anthony  always  regarded  as  one  of  her  most  enjoyable  resting- 
places  in  her  many  trips  through  Michigan.  Mrs.  Hall  had 

(755) 


756 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


contributed  hundreds  of  dollars  to  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage, 
and  made  a  number  of  timely  presents  to  Miss  Anthony  for  her 
personal  use. 

From  Michigan  they  went  to  the  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of 
the  suffrage  association  of  Toledo.  It  is  worthy  of  note  that 
Miss  Anthony  had  helped  organize  this  society  in  the  house  of 
Mrs.  Flail,  who  lived  there  at  that  time.  She  was  here,  as 
always  when  in  this  city,  the  guest  of  her  friend,  Anna  C. 
Mott,  whose  father  and  uncle,  Richard  and  James  Mott,  were 
her  staunch  supporters  from  the  early  days  of  the  abolition 
movement.  The  papers  contained  long  and  flattering  notices, 
which  had  now  become  so  customary  that  to  quote  one  is  to  give 
the  substance  of  all. 

Miss  Anthony  lectured  in  Baltimore  February  13,  going 
from  there  to  Washington.  The  convention  opened  in  Metzer- 
ott’s  Music  Hall,  February  15,  welcomed  by  Commissioner 
John  W.  Ross,  of  the  District.  Among  the  speakers  were  Sen¬ 
ator  Carey  and  Representative  Coffeen,  of  Wyoming  ;  Senator 
Teller  and  Representatives  Bell  and  Pence,  of  Colorado  ;  Sen¬ 
ator  Peffer  and  Representatives  Davis,  Broderick,  Curtis  and 
Simpson,  of  Kansas  ;  ex-Senator  Bruce,  of  Mississippi  ;  Hon. 
Simon  Wolf,  of  the  District;  Catherine  H.  Spence,  of  New 
Zealand  ;  Miss  Windeyer,  of  Australia  ;  Hannah  K.  Korany, 
of  Syria ;  Kate  Field;  and  Mary  Lowe  Dickinson,  secretary 
King’s  Daughters. 


Appropriate  memorial  services  were  held  for  the  distinguished 
dead  of  the  past  year  who  had  rendered  especial  service  to  the 
cause  of  woman  suffrage:  Lucy  Stone,  George  W.  Childs,  Le- 
land  Stanford,  Elizabeth  Peabody,  Elizabeth  Oakes  Smith. 


THE  SECOND  NEW  YORK  CAMPAIGN. 


757 


Eloquent  tributes  were  offered  by  the  various  members  of  the 
convention,  and  Miss  Anthony  added  one  to  Mary  F.  Seymour, 
founder  of  the  Business  Woman’s  Journal.  The  death  of  Myra 
Bradwell,  editor  Legal  News,  occurred  too  late  for  her  honored 
name  to  be  included  in  these  services.  Bishop  Phillips  Brooks 
and  ex-President  Rutherford  B.  Hayes,  both  of  whom  had  un¬ 
equivocally  expressed  themselves  in  favor  of  suffrage  for 
women,  also  had  died  in  1893. 

At  the  opening  session,  on  Miss  Anthony’s  birthday,  she 
was  presented  by  the  enfranchised  women  of  Wyoming  and 
Colorado  with  a  beautiful  silk  flag  which  bore  two  shining- 
stars  on  its  blue  field.  She  accepted  it  with  much  emotion, 
saying:  ‘f  I  have  heard  of  standard  bearers  in  the  army  who 
carried  the  banners  to  the  topmost  ramparts  of  the  enemy,  and 
there  I  am  going  to  try  to  carry  this  banner.  You  know  with¬ 
out  my  telling  how  proud  I  am  of  this  flag,  and  how  my  heart 
is  touched  by  this  manifestation.”  From  the  ladies  of  Georgia 
came  a  box  of  fresh  flowers,  and  among  other  pleasant  remem¬ 
brances  were  seventy-four  American  Beauty  roses  from  Mrs. 
S.  E.  Gross,  of  Chicago.  A  little  later,  when  Virginia  D. 
Young  brought  the  greetings  of  South  Carolina,  Miss  Anthony 
said : 

I  think  the  most  beautiful  part  of  our  coming  together  in  Washington  for 
the  last  twenty-five  years,  has  been  that  more  friendships,  more  knowledge 
of  each  other  have  come  through  the  hand-shakes  here,  than  would  have 
been  possible  through  any  other  instrumentality.  I  shall  never  cease  to  be 
grateful  for  all  the  splendid  women  who  have  come  up  to  this  great  center  for 
these  twenty-six  conventions,  and  have  learned  that  the  North  was  not  such 
a  cold  place  as  they  had  believed ;  I  have  been  equally  glad  when  we  came 
down  here  and  met  the  women  from  the  sunny  South  and  found  they  were  just 
like  ourselves,  if  not  a  little  better.  In  this  great  association,  we  know  no 
North,  no  South,  no  East,  no  West.  This  has  been  our  pride  for  twenty-six 
years.  We  have  no  political  party.  We  never  have  inquired  what  anybody’s 
religion  was.  All  we  ever  have  asked  is  simply,  “  Do  you  believe  in  perfect 
equality  for  women  ?  ”  That  is  the  one  article  in  our  creed. 

There  were  many  pleasant  newspaper  comments  on  Miss  An¬ 
thony’s  re-election,  among  them  the  following  from  the  Chi¬ 
cago  Journal  : 


758 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


The  national  suffrage  association  honored  itself  yesterday  by  again  electing 
to  its  presidency  Susan  B.  Anthony.  She  has  suffered  long  for  a  cause  she 
believes  to  be  right,  and  it  is  fitting  that  in  these  later  years  of  her  active 
life,  when  the  cause  has  become  popular,  she  should  wear  the  honors  her 
patient,  persistent  endeavor  has  won.  Susan  B.  Anthony  is  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  products  of  this  century.  She  is  not  a  successful  writer;  she  is 
not  a  great  speaker,  although  a  most  effective  one ;  but  she  has  a  better  qual- 
lty  than  genius.  She  is  the  soul  of  honesty;  she  possesses  the  gift  of  clear 
discrimination— of  seeing  the  main  point— and  of  never-wavering  loyalty  to 

For  more  than  forty  years  she  has  led  the  women  of  America  through  the 
wilderness  of  doubt,  and  now  from  Pisgah’s  heights  looks  over  into  the 
Canaan  land  of  triumphant  victory.  Past  the  allotted  time  of  threescore 
years  and  ten,  Miss  Anthony  may  never  cross  the  Jordan  of  her  hopes  but 
she  has  led  her  hosts  safely  through  the  gravest  dangers  and  trained  up 
others  well  fitted  to  wear  the  mantle  of  leadership.  It  is  the  hope  of  all  who 
have  learned  to  know  and  appreciate  this  heroic  woman,  that  her  wise  coun- 

sel  and  earnest,  faithful  spirit  may  long  continue  to  inspire  and  direct  the 
affairs  of  this  great  association. 


The  office  of  national  organizer  was  created  and  Carrie  Chan- 
man  Catt  elected  to  fill  it.  The  association  accepted  an  invita¬ 
tion  to  hold  the  next  meeting  in  Atlanta,  Ga.  At  the  close  of 
the  convention  a  hearing  was  granted  by  the  Senate  and  House 
committees.  Miss  Anthony  introduced  the  various  speakers, 
representing  all  sections  of  the  country,  and  at  the  conclusion 
one  of  the  new  members  came  to  her  and  said  earnestly  :  “If 
you  had  but  adopted  this  course  earlier,  your  cause  would  have 
been  won  long  ago.”  He  was  considerably  surprised  when 
s  le  informed  him  that  they  had  had  just  such  hearings  as  this 
for  the  past  twenty-six  years. 

The  legislature  of  New  York  had  ordered  the  necessary 
measures  to  be  taken  for  a  delegate  convention  to  revise  the 
constitution.  Governor  Hill  in  1887  and  Governor  Flower  in 
1892  had  recommended  that  women  should  have  a  representa¬ 
tion  in  this  convention.  The  bill,  as  it  finally  passed  both 
branches  of  the  legislature,  provided  that  any  male  or  female 
citizen  above  the  age  of  twenty-one  should  be  eligible  to  elec¬ 
tion  as  delegate.  When  the  district  conventions  were  called 
to  choose  these,  both  Democrats  and  Eepublicans  refused  to 
nominate  any  woman.  As  the  delegates  would  draw  $10  a 
day  for  five  months,  the  political  plums  were  entirely  too 


THE  SECOND  NEW  YORK  CAMPAIGN. 


759 


valuable  to  give  to  a  disfranchised  class.  The  Republicans  of 
Miss  Anthony’s  district  would  not  consider  even  her  nomina¬ 
tion,  although  she  was  recognized  as  the  peer  of  any  man  in 
the  State  in  a  knowledge  of  constitutional  law.  The  Demo¬ 
crats  in  that  district,  who  were  in  a  hopeless  minority,  made 
the  one  exception  and,  as  a  compliment,  nominated  Mrs.  Jean 
Brooks  Greenleaf,  who  ran  several  hundred  votes  ahead  of  the 
ticket. 

The  women  then  proceeded  to  inaugurate  a  great  campaign 
in  order  to  create  a  public  sentiment  which  would  demand  from 
this  convention  an  amendment  conferring  suffrage  on  women. 
To  begin  this,  which  would  require  a  vast  amount  of  money, 
they  had  not  a  dollar.  No  delegate  owed  his  election  to  a 
woman,  nor  could  any  woman  further  his  ambition  for  future 
honors  to  which  his  record  in  this  body  might  prove  a  stepping- 
stone.  So  far  as  any  political  power  was  concerned,  women  were 
of  less  force  than  the  proverbial  fly  on  the  wagon  wheel,  and  the 
majority  of  men  who  go  into  a  convention  of  this  kind  do  so 
from  that  particular  sort  of  lofty  patriotism  which  sees  an  offi¬ 
cial  position  in  the  near  or  distant  future.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  element  which  is  forever  and  unalterably  opposed  to  any  move 
in  the  direction  of  suffrage  for  women,  represented  the  dominant 
financial  and  political  power  in  the  greatest  metropolis  in  Amer¬ 
ica,  whose  ramifications  extend  to  every  city,  village  and 
cross-roads  in  the  State.  With  its  money  and  its  votes  this 
element  can  make  and  unmake  politicians  at  will,  and  under 
present  conditions,  with  the  ballot  in  the  hands  of  men  only, 
it  is  virtually  an  impossibility  for  a  candidate  to  be  elected  if 
this  organization  exert  its  influence  against  him.  Howto  per¬ 
suade  the  parties  and  the  individual  men  to  risk  defeat  until 
they  succeed  in  the  enfranchisement  of  women,  which  alone 
will  destroy  the  absolute  domination  of  this  oligarchy,  is  a 
problem  yet  to  be  solved.  That  the  women  of  New  York  dared 
attempt  it,  showed  courage  and  determination  of  the  highest 
order. 

This  necessarily  had  to  be  a  campaign  of  education,  of 
forming  new  public  sentiment  and  putting  into  definite  shape 


760 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


that  which  already  existed.  This  could  be  done  in  four  ways  : 
by  organization,  by  petitions,  by  literature  and  by  speeches. 
The  petitions  were  put  into  circulation  in  1893. 1  As  it  would 
be  necessary  to  use  every  dollar  to  the  very  best  advantage, 
the  Anthony  home  in  Rochester  was  put  at  the  service  of  the 
committee  in  order  to  save  rent.  Practically  every  room  in 
the  house  was  called  into  requisition.  The  parlors  became 
public  offices  ;  the  guest  chamber  was  transformed  into  a  mail¬ 
ing  department ,  Miss  Anthony  s  study  was  an  office  by  day 
and  a  bedroom  by  night ;  and  even  the  dining-room  and 
kitchen  were  invaded.  Here  Mary  S.  Anthony,  correspond¬ 
ing  secretary,  and  Mrs.  Martha  R.  Almy,  vice-president-at- 
large,  with  a  force  of  clerks,  worked  day  and  night  from 
December,  1893,  to  July,  1894,  sending  out  thousands  of  let¬ 
ters,  petition  blanks,  leaflets,  suffrage  papers,  etc.2  The  letter 
boxes  were  wholly  inadequate,  and  the  post-office  daily  sent 
mail-sacks  to  the  house,  which  were  filled  and  set  out  on  the 
front  porch  to  be  collected.  Hither  came  every  day  the  State 
president,  Mis.  Greenleaf,  who  toiled  without  ceasing  from 
daylight  till  dark;  and  into  this  busy  hive  Miss  Anthony 
rushed  from  the  lecture  field  every  Saturday  to  get  the  report 
of  the  work  and  consult  as  to  the  best  methods  for  the  coming 
week.  It  is  not  possible  to  describe  in  detail  the  vast  amount 
of  labor  performed  at  these  headquarters,  but  it  is  thus  summed 
up  in  the  report  of  the  corresponding  secretary  : 


.  .  .  Add  to  the  correspondence  incident  to  the  circulation  of  our  great 

petition,  the  sending  out  of  nearly  5,000  blank  petition-books  and  instruc¬ 
tions  to  insure  the  work’s  being  properly  done,  literature  for  free  distribu¬ 
tion,  the  planning  and  arranging  for  sixty  mass  meetings  in  as  many  counties, 
and  we  have  a  task  before  which  Hercules  himself  might  well  stand  aghast 
To  accomplish  this  work  has  taken  not  only  the  entire  time  of  your  corre- 

1  In  November  of  this  year  Miss  Anthony  called  at  the  office  of  the  New  York  Sun  and  had 
an  interview  with  Mr.  Dana,  who  always  had  maintained  that  when  any  considerable  num¬ 
ber  of  women  expressed  a  desire  for  the  ballot,  the  men  would  grant  it.  She  asked  him 
ow  many  names  would  suffice  and  he  replied :  “  If  you  can  get  a  petition  of  100,000  women 
it  will  be  amply  sufficient  to  compel  the  convention  to  submit  the  amendment.”  Although 
more  than  twice  this  number  signed  the  petition,  Mr.  Dana’s  very  first  editorial  after  the  con¬ 
vention  had  refused  to  submit  the  amendment,  declared  the  reason  was  that  not  enough 
women  had  asked  for  it ! 


’  A  sala^  was  voted  to  Mary  Anthony  which  she  declined  to  accept;  Mrs.  Almy  received 
*50  a  month ,  the  clerks  either  donated  their  services  or  gave  them  tor  a  mere  trifle. 


< 


- 


. 


■ 


■ 


THE  SECOND  NEW  YORK  CAMPAIGN. 


761 


sponding  secretary,  bat  that  of  our  president,  Mrs.  Greenleaf,  for  a  full  year. 
Hundreds  of  women  over  all  the  State  worked  as  never  before,  petitions  in 
hand,  travelling  from  house  to  house  in  all  sorts  of  weather  to  secure  the 
names  of  people  who  believe  in  the  right  of  women  to  a  voice  in  the  govern¬ 
ment  under  which  they  live. 

It  has  so  often  been  asserted  by  those  in  power  that  when  any  considerable 
number  of  women  wanted  to  vote,  there  would  be  perfect  freedom  for  them 
to  do  so,  that  it  was  now  decided  thoroughly  to  test  the  truth  of  such  asser¬ 
tion.  Over  332,000  individual  names,  more  than  half  being  those  of  women, 
were  thus  actually  obtained,  neatly  put  up  in  book  form  and  presented  to  the 
Constitutional  Convention  with  a  feeling  that  such  a  showing  could  not,  by  any 
possible  means,  fail  to  make  the  men  of  that  convention  and  of  the  State 
clearly  understand  that  women  do  want  to  vote.1 


The  entire  management  of  New  York  City  was  put  in  charge 
of  Lillie  Devereux  Blake,  and  Brooklyn  in  that  of  Mariana  W. 
Chapman.  While  the  petition  work  was  going  forward  a 


great  series  of  mass  meetings  was  in  progress,  for  which  Miss 
Anthony,  who  knew  every  foot  of  New  York  State  as  well 
as  her  own  dooryard,  mapped  out  the  routes.  The  manage¬ 
ment  of  these  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  Harriet  May  Mills 
and  Mary  G.  Hay,  who  proved  remarkably  efficient.  Rev. 
Anna  Shaw  spoke  at  over  forty  of  these  meetings  and  Mary 
Seymour  Howell  at  a  large  number.  Several  speakers  from 
outside  the  State  came  in  at  different  times  and  rendered 
excellent  service.  Carrie  Chapman  Catt  made  nearly  forty 
speeches  in  New  York,  Brooklyn  and  vicinity.  Miss  Anthony 
herself,  at  the  age  of  seventy-four,  spoke  in  every  one  of  the 


1  The  president’s  report  pays  this  tribute : 

“  The  corresponding  secretary,  Miss  Mary  S.  Anthony,  ostensibly  had  charge  of  the  depart¬ 
ment  of^distribution  and  State  correspondence,  but  all  this  was  only  a  small  fraction  of  the 
labor  performed  by  her.  Being  president  of  the  local  club  of  Rochester,  she  had  charge  of 
the  canvass  of  that  city ;  and  it  is  enough  to  say  that  no  city  or  town  equalled  hers  in  the 
work  done  or  results  obtained.  As  our  chieftain  was  leading  our  hosts  through  the  State, 
the  housekeeping,  too,  fell  to  the  said  secretary  s  charge  and,  it  being  convenient  foi  the 
speakers  and  managers  to  stay  at  headquarters  when  in  town,  her  family  was  seldom  a 
small  one ;  and  all  this  gratuitously,  be  it  understood.  I  can  not  hope  to  tell  the  story  in 
full,  but  I  trust  I  have  said  enough  to  cause  you  all,  when  you  say,  “God  bless  Susan  B. 
Anthony,”  to  add  “and  her  sister  Mary,  also.” 


762 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


sixty  counties  of  the  State,  beginning  at  Albion,  January  22, 
and  ending  at  Glens  Falls,  April  28. 1 

The  campaign  opened  with  a  mass  meeting  at  Rochester,  of 
which  the  Democrat  and  Chronicle  said  in  a  leading  editorial : 
“  In  pursuance  of  a  call  signed  by  over  a  hundred  prominent 
citizens,  a  public  meeting  will  be  held  January  8.  .  .  .  This 
should  be  largely  attended,  not  only  in  honor  of  our  distin¬ 
guished  townswoman,  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony,  but  to  declare  in 
terms  which  can  not  be  mistaken  that  the  constitution  should 
be  revised.  The  negro  and  the  Indian  have  been  enfranchised  ; 
women  alone  remain  under  political  disabilities.  They  demand 
justice.  Let  it  be  granted  freely,  and  without  any  exhibition 
of  that  selfishness  which  has  so  long  kept  them  waiting.’ ’ 

Judge  George  F.  Danforth  presided  over  this  meeting  and 
among  the  prominent  citizens  on  the  platform  were  Dr.  E.  M. 
Moore,  Rev.  Asa  Saxe,  Eugene  T.  Curtis,  Mrs.  Greenleaf,  Mrs. 
Howell  and  Miss  Anthony,  all  of  whom  made  strong  speeches 
in  favor  of  the  amendment.  The  list  of  vice-presidents  com¬ 
prised  the  leading  men  and  women  of  the  city.  Forcible  reso¬ 
lutions  were  presented  by  Henry  C.  Maine,  and  letters  of  ap¬ 
proval  read  from  Judge  Thomas  Raines,  Rev.  H.  H.  Stebbins, 
of  the  Central  Presbyterian  church,  and  others.  The  papers 
said,  “Miss  Anthony  went  home  as  happy  as  a  young  girl 
after  her  first  ball.” 

On  January  9  Miss  Anthony  addressed  the  Political  Equality 
Club  of  Syracuse,  and  a  handsome  reception  was  given  to  Eliza¬ 
beth  Smith  Miller  and  herself  by  its  president,  Mrs.  E.  S.  Jen- 
ney.  The  next  day,  she  went  to  a  big  rally  at  Buffalo,  under 
the  auspices  pf  the  city  suffrage  club,  Dr.  Sarah  Morris,  presi¬ 
dent,  where  speeches  were  made  by  Judge  Stern,  Rabbi  Aaron, 
Rev.  Joseph  K.  Mason  and  others.  On  the  22d,  the  great 
sweep  of  county  mass  meetings  began.2  The  scrap-books  con- 

1  During  this  time  Miss  Anthony  gave  ten  days  to  the  national  convention  in  Washington ; 
and  the  day  after  the  last  of  the  mass  meetings  she  started  for  Kansas ;  stopped  in  Cincin¬ 
nati  for  the  Ohio  convention,  speaking  each  of  the  three  days ;  opened  the  Kansas  campaign 
May  4,  spoke  in  that  State  every  day  for  two  weeks;  and  on  May  21  presented  herself,  fresh 
and  cheerful,  at  the  Constitutional  Convention  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

-  As  has  been  noted,  Miss  Anthony  spoke  at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  January  13,  14,  15,  16  and  17  • 
at  Toledo  the  19th,  and  was  ready  to  open  the  New  York  campaign  the  22d. 


THE  SECOND  NEW  YORK  CAMPAIGN. 


763 


taming  the  voluminous  accounts  show  that  usually  the  audi¬ 
ences  were  large  and  sympathetic  ;  that  the  newspapers,  almost 
without  exception,  gave  full  and  friendly  reports,  and  although 
most  of  them  were  non-committal  in  the  editorial  columns,  a 
number  came  out  strongly  in  favor  of  having  a  suffrage  amend¬ 
ment  incorporated  in  the  constitution.  “  Oh,  if  those  who  at¬ 
tend  our  meetings  could  do  the  voting,”  wrote  Miss  Anthony, 
“it  would  carry  overwhelmingly,  but  alas,  the  riff-raff,  the 
paupers,  the  drunkards,  the  very  chain-gang  that  I  see  passing 
the  house  on  their  way  to  and  from  the  jail,  will  make  their  in¬ 
fluence  felt  on  the  members  of  the  Constitutional  Convention.” 
In  another  letter  she  said  :  “I  am  in  the  midst  of  as  severe 
a  treadmill  as  I  ever  experienced,  travelling  from  fifty  to  one 
hundred  miles  every  day  and  speaking  five  or  six  nights  a 
week.  How  little  women  know  of  the  power  of  organization 
and  how  constantly  we  are  confronted  with  the  lack  of  it!  ”* 

Most  of  the  other  speakers  were  paid  for  their  services  but 
Miss  Anthony  would  not  accept  a  dollar  for  hers,  and  refused  to 
take  even  her  travelling  expenses  out  of  the  campaign  fund. 
That  year  she  received  the  bequest  of  her  friend,  Mrs.  Eliza 
J.  Clapp,  of  Rochester,  who  had  died  in  1892,  leaving  her 
$1,000  to  use  as  she  pleased.  The  court  costs  were  $55  and 
she  received  $945.  Although  she  was  drawing  from  her  small 
principal  for  her  current  expenses,  she  gave  $600  of  this  to 
the  State  of  New  York  and  $400  to  the  national  association, 
paying  the  court  fees  out  of  her  own  pocket. 

A  new  and  gratifying  feature  of  this  campaign  was  the  in¬ 
terest  taken  by  the  women  of  wealth  and  social  position  in 
New  York  and  Brooklyn.  Heretofore  it  had  seemed  impossi¬ 
ble  to  arouse  any  enthusiasm  on  the  question  of  woman’s 
enfranchisement  among  this  class.  Surrounded  by  every  lux¬ 
ury  and  carefully  protected  from  contact  with  the  hard  side  of 
life,  they  felt  no  special  concern  in  the  conditions  which  made 
the  struggle  for  existence  so  difficult  among  the  masses  of 

1  In  December  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Stanton  had  issued  an  address  calling  upon  the 
women  of  New  York  to  unite  in  this  grand  effort  for  political  freedom.  During  the  entire 
campaign  Mrs.  Stanton  contributed  to  the  New  York  Sun  masterly  arguments  for  woman 
suffrage,  which  were  widely  copied  by  the  press  of  the  State. 


764 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


women.  All  of  a  sudden  they  seemed  to  awake  to  the  import¬ 
ance  of  the  great  issue  which  was  agitating  the  State.  This 
possibly  may  have  been  because  it  met  the  approval  of  many 
of  the  leading  men  of  New  York,  for  among  those  who  signed 
the  petition  were  Chauncey  M.  Depew,  Russell  Sage,  Frederick 
Coudert,  Rev.  Heber  Newton,  Rev.  W.  S.  Rainsford,  Bishop 
Potter,  Rabbi  Gottlieil,  John  D.  Rockefeller,  Robert  J.  Inger- 
soll,  William  Dean  Howells  and  others  of  the  representative 
men  of  the  city.  The  wives  of  these  gentlemen  opened  their 
elegant  parlors  for  suffrage  meetings,  and  in  a  short  time  the 
following  card  was  sent  to  a  large  number  of  people  : 

A  committee  of  ladies  invite  you  and  all  the  adult  members  of  your  house¬ 
hold,  to  call  at  Sherry’s  on  any  Saturday  in  March  and  April,  between  9  and 
6  o’clock,  to  sign  a  petition  to  strike  out,  in  our  State  Constitution,  the  word 
“male”  as  a  qualification  for  voters.  Circulars  explaining  the  reason  for 
this  request  may  be  obtained  at  the  same  time  and  place.— Mrs.  Josephine 
Shaw  Lowell,  Mrs.  Joseph  H.  Choate,  Mrs.  Mary  Putnam  Jacobi,  Mrs.  J. 
Warren  Goddard,  Mrs.  Robert  Abbe,  Mrs.  Henry  M.  Sanders,  Miss  Adele  M. 
Fielde. 

Sherry,  the  famous  restaurateur,  placed  one  of  his  hand¬ 
somest  rooms  at  the  disposal  of  the  ladies  and,  for  many  weeks, 
one  or  more  of  them  might  always  be  found  there  ready  to  re¬ 
ceive  signatures  to  the  petitions.  The  New  York  World  ex¬ 
pressed  the  situation  in  a  strong  article,  saying  in  part : 


Within  the  month  there  has  been  a  sudden  and  altogether  unexpected  out¬ 
break  of  the  woman  suffrage  movement  in  New  York.  .  .  .  Some  one 

gave  a  signal  and  from  all  parts  of  the  State  rose  the  cry  for  the  enfranchise¬ 
ment  of  women.  It  is  not  hard  to  discover  the  original  cause  which  set  on 
foot  the  insurrection — for  in  a  certain  sense  it  is  an  insurrection.  It  was  an 
appeal  which  appeared  in  the  latter  part  of  February  and  was  signed  by 
many  eminent  men  and  women.  Here  were  nearly  twoscore  of  names,  as 
widely  known  and  honorable  as  any  in  this  State — names  of  people  of  the 
highest  social  standing,  not  because  of  extravagant  display  or  fashionable 
raiment,  but  because  of  distinction  in  intellect,  in  philanthropy  and  in  the 
history  of  the  State.  The  reason  of  the  coming  of  the  petition  just  at  this 
time  was,  of  course,  plain.  The  meeting  of  the  Constitutional  Convention 
would  be  the  one  chance  of  the  woman  suffragists  in  twenty  years.  .  .  . 

It  will  be  noticed  that  these  women  are  in  Mr.  McAllister’s  Four  Hundred, 
but  not  of  it.  They  do  not  go  in  for  frivolity.  They  go  in  for  charity,  for 
working  among  the  masses,  for  elevating  standards  of  living  and  morals  in 
the  slums  of  the  city.  They  have  awakened  to  the  fact  of  the  other  half,  and 


THE  SECOND  NEW  YORK  CAMPAIGN. 


765 


of  how  that  other  half  lives,  and  they  have  expressed  their  indignation  over 
the  small  salaries  paid  women  for  doing  men’s  work;  over  the  dishonest  men 
in  political  places,  pat  there  because  they  could  vote  and  control  the  votes  of 
a  number  of  saloon  loungers;  over  the  wretched  lot  of  the  woman  school 
teacher,  ill-paid  and  neglected  because  useless  on  election  day. 

And  to  go  back  a  little  further,  the  most  of  these  society  women  are  the 
products  of  that  higher  education  which  the  pioneer  suffragists  made  possible. 
They  are  women  of  wide  reading,  of  independent  thought,  of  much  self-reli¬ 
ance.  They  began  to  wonder  why  they  could  not  vote,  when  the  sloping¬ 
shouldered,  sloping-skulled  youths  who  proposed  to  marry  them,  or  had 
married  them,  had  that  right  and  did  not  exercise  it  and  showed  no  informa¬ 
tion  and  no  concern  as  to  the  rottenness  of  the  local  government.  .  .  . 

The  upper  class  of  women  are  enlisted.  Woman  suffrage  is  the  one  interest¬ 
ing  subject  of  discussion  in  the  whole  fashionable  quarter. 


This  campaign  brought  also  another  surprise.  In  all  the 
forty  years  of  suffrage  work,  one  of  the  stumbling-blocks  had 
been  the  utter  apathy  of  women  themselves,  who  took  no  in¬ 
terest  either  for  or  against,  but  now  they  seemed  to  be  aroused 
all  along  the  line.  In  Albany  a  small  body  of  women  calling 
themselves  “  Remonstrants  ”  suddenly  sprung  into  existence. 
For  a  number  of  years  there  had  been  a  handful  of  women  in 
Massachusetts  under  that  title,  but  this  was  the  first  appear¬ 
ance  of  the  species  in  New  York.  They  seemed  to  be  fathered 
by  Bishop  William  Croswell  Doane,  and  mothered  by  Mrs. 
John  V.  L.  Pruyn.  Seven  men  and  a  number  of  women  were 
present  at  the  first  meeting  in  that  lady’s  parlor,  and  they 
formed  an  organization  to  counteract  the  vicious  efforts  of  those 
women  who  were  asking  for  political  freedom.  Evidently 
under  the  direction  of  her  spiritual  adviser,  Mrs.  Pruyn  sub¬ 
mitted  a  set  of  resolutions,  which  were  adopted,  begging  the 
Constitutional  Convention  “  not  to  strike  out  the  word  ‘male’;” 
setting  forth  “that  suffrage  was  not  a  natural  right ;  that  there 
was  no  reason  why  this  privilege  should  be  extended  to  women  ; 
that  no  taxation  without  representation  did  not  mean  that  every 
citizen  should  vote;  that  universal  suffrage  was  a  mistake  ; 
that  the  possession  of  the  suffrage  would  take  women  into  con¬ 
flicts  for  which  they  were  wholly  unfitted  ;  and  that  it  would 
rudely  disturb  the  strong  and  growing  spirit  of  chivalry.” 
Another  branch  was  formed  in  Brooklyn  with  Mrs.  Lyman 


766 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Abbott  at  its  head  and  the  Outlook  at  its  back,  edited  by  Rev. 
Lyman  Abbott.  A  society  appeared  in  New  York  at  about  the 
same  time  and  opened  headquarters  at  the  Waldorf.  There 
was  also  an  “Anti  ”  club  at  Utica.1 

The  Democrat  and  Chronicle  published  a  long  interview  with 
Miss  Anthony  in  regard  to  these  “  Remonstrants,”  from  which 
the  following  is  an  extract : 

“  This  opposition  movement  is  not  the  work  of  women,”  she  said,  “  although 
it  has  that  appearance.  There  was  held  in  Albany  yesterday  afternoon  a 
meeting  at  which  resolutions  condemning  our  work  were  adopted.  Listen 
to  the  names  of  the  women  who  were  present.  Do  you  see  that  they  are  all 
Mrs.  John  and  Mrs.  George  and  Mrs.  William  this  and  that  ?  There  is  not  a 
woman’s  first  name  in  the  whole  list,  and  I  do  not  see  a  Miss,  either.  This 
goes  to  show  that  the  women  are  simply  put  forward  by  their  husbands. 

“Another  point :  These  men  who  are  stirring  up  the  opposition  would  not  only 
deny  the  right  of  women  to  vote  but  would  qualify  the  word  ‘  male  ’  as  it  now 
stands  in  the  constitution.  They  say  in  so  many  words  in  their  resolutions 
that  the  right  of  suffrage  is  already  extended  to  too  many  men ;  and  they  pay 
a  doubtful  compliment  to  the  intelligence  of  their  mothers,  wives  and  sisters 
by  adding  that  the  class  of  undesirable  voters  would  be  swelled  by  giving  the 
ballot  to  women.  These  are  men  of  wealth  who  would  confine  the  exercise 
of  the  right  of  suffrage  to  their  own  class— in  fact  would  make  this  govern¬ 
ment  an  aristocracy.” 

These  new  organizations  seemed  to  be  abundantly  supplied 
with  money,  but  though  they  were  able  to  pay  for  the  work  of 
circulating  petitions,  which  with  the  suffrage  advocates  had  to 
be  a  labor  of  love,  they  secured  only  15,000  signatures.  The 
petitions  asking  for  a  suffrage  amendment  received  332,148 
individual  signatures,  including  the  36,000  collected  by  the 
W.  C.  T.  U.  In  addition  to  these  the  New  York  Federation  of 
Labor  sent  in  a  memorial  representing  140,000  ;  the  Labor 
Reform  Conference,  70,000 ;  several  Trades  Unions,  1,396 ; 

Mis.  Jane  Marsh  Parker,  a  newspaper  woman  of  Rochester,  attempted  to  organize  a  club 
there  and  secure  a  petition  in  opposition  to  the  amendment.  Her  efforts  evidently  did  not  meet 
^  ith  marked  success  for,  in  a  letter  to  the  New  York  Evening  Post,  she  says,  “  In  offering  the 
‘protest’  for  signatures,  quality  rather  than  quantity  has  been  considered.”  That  prince  of  edi¬ 
tors,  Joseph  O’Connor,  at  that  time  in  charge  of  the  Rochester  Post-Express,  gave  the  lady 
a  delicious  dressing  down  in  an  editorial  beginning:  “What  is  ‘quality’?”  and  ending: 

Probably  she  means  no  more  by  the  offensive  words  ‘quality’  and  ‘quantity’  than  this— that 
she  has  secured  to  the  protest  only  the  signatures  of  a  few  representative  women,  no  better 
and  no  worse  than  many  of  their  opponents.  Such  an  interpretation  saves  the  statement 

from  being  insulting;  but  unhappily  very  many  women  in  Rochester  give  it  a  different  in¬ 
terpretation.” 


THE  SECOND  NEW  YORK  CAMPAIGN. 


767 


Granges,  50,000  ;  total,  593,544.  Added  to  these  were  peti¬ 
tions  from  a  number  of  societies,  making  in  round  numbers 
about  600,000.  It  had  been  impossible,  for  several  reasons, 
to  make  a  thorough  canvass,  and  this  was  especially  true  of 
New  York  and  Brooklyn,  containing  half  the  population  of  the 
State  ;  and  yet  there  were  over  one-half  as  many  signers  as 
there  were  voters  in  the  entire  State. 

The  Constitutional  Convention  assembled  in  Albany,  May 
8,  and  elected  Joseph  H.  Choate,  of  New  York  City,  presi¬ 
dent.  Although  only  a  few  months  previous  he  had  expressed 
himself  favorable  to  woman  suffrage,  all  his  influence  in  the 
convention  was  used  against  it.  Mr.  Choate,  according  to 
universal  opinion,  accepted  this  office  with  the  expectation 
that  it  would  lead  to  his  nomination  as  governor  of  the  State, 
and  he  had  no  intention  of  offending  the  power  behind  the 
gubernatorial  chair.  The  amendment  was  doomed  from  the 
moment  of  his  election.  His  first  move  was  to  appoint  a  com¬ 
mittee  to  have  charge  of  all  suffrage  amendments,  and  on  this 
committee  of  seventeen  he  placed  twelve  men,  carefully  selected, 
because  they  were  known  to  be  strongly  opposed  to  woman  suf¬ 
frage.  He  appointed  as  chairman  a  man  who  could  be  de¬ 
pended  on  to  hesitate  at  no  means  which  would  secure  its 
defeat.1  In  all  his  efforts  to  kill  the  amendment  beyond  hope 
of  resurrection,  Mr.  Choate  was  actively  supported  by  his  first 
lieutenant,  Hon.  Elihu  Root,  also  of  New  York  City. 

Having  ruined  all  the  chances  of  the  amendment,  President 
Choate  then  announced  that  every  courtesy  and  consideration 
would  be  extended  to  the  ladies  having  it  in  charge.  Miss 
Anthony  was  invited  to  address  the  suffrage  committee  May 
24,  and  the  hearing  was  held  in  the  Assembly  room  of  the 
Capitol.  Not  only  the  committee  but  most  of  the  delegates 
were  in  their  seats  and  a  large  audience  was  present.  This 
was  said  to  be  one  of  her  best  efforts  and  she  seemed  to  have 
almost  the  complete  sympathy  of  her  audience.  She  spoke 

1  Mr.  Choate  might  claim  that  he  did  not  know  the  position  of  these  men  on  this  question, 
but  it  was  so  well  understood  that  Miss  Anthony  and  her  associates  felt  all  hope  depart 
when  they  read  the  names  of  the  committee.  John  Bigelow  and  Gideon  J.  Tucker  had 
favored  a  woman  suffrage  amendment  when  they  were  members  of  the  Constitutional  Con¬ 
vention  in  1867,  but,  being  now  over  eighty,  were  not  able  to  make  an  aggressive  fight  for  it. 


768 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


for  three-quarters  of  an  hour,  and  then  urged  that  those 
opposed  should  state  their  reasons  and  give  her  an  opportunity 
to  answer  them.  Although  there  were  twelve  men  on  the  com¬ 
mittee  who  even  then  intended  to  bring  in  an  adverse  report, 
and  ninety-eight  delegates  who  afterwards  voted  against  it,  not 
one  could  be  persuaded  to  rise  and  present  his  objections.  It 
was  said  by  many  that  if  the  vote  could  have  been  taken  at 

that  moment,  no  power  could  have  prevented  a  majority  in 
favor. 

The  women  of  New  York  City  were  accorded  a  hearing  May 
31,  and  it  was  on  this  occasion,  with  the  petitions  of  the  600,- 
000  stacked  on  a  table  in  front  of  her,  that  Dr.  Mary  Putnam 
Jacobi  made  that  masterly  speech  which  ranks  as  a  classic. 


Miss  Margaret  Livingstone  Chanler,  in  a  beautiful  address, 
also  spoke  in  behalf  of  the  “Sherry  contingent.”  The  regular 
New  York  City  League  was  ably  represented  by  Lillie  Devereux 
Blake  and  Harriet  A.  Keyser.  The  platform  was  filled  with 
the  distinguished  women  of  the  State,  Miss  Anthony,  Mrs. 
Greenleaf  and  Dr.  Jacobi  occupying  the  central  position. 

On  June  7  a  hearing  was  granted  to  the  women  from  the 
senatoiial  districts,  each  presenting  in  a  five-minute  speech 
the  claims  of  the  thousands  of  petitioners  from  her  district. 
Among  these  speakers  were  some  of  the  best-known  women  in 
the  State,  socially  and  intellectually  ;  and  a  number  of  others, 
of  equal  standing,  who  never  had  taken  part  in  public  work 
and  who  now  left  their  homes  only  to  plead  for  the  power 
which  would  enable  women  better  to  conserve  the  interests  of 
home.  The  State  president,  Mrs.  Greenleaf,  presided  over  all 
of  these  hearings,  her  commanding  presence,  great  dignity 
and  fine  mental  power  giving  especial  prestige  to  these  bodies 
of  women,  who  in  character  and  intellect  could  not  be  sur¬ 
passed.  The  final  hearing  of  those  in  favor  of  the  amend- 


. , 1  Th®  addresses  made  on  this  occasion  were  issued  in  pamphlet  form  and  presented  to 
e  suffrage  association  by  Messrs.  Lauterbach  and  Towns,  of  the  committee. 


THE  SECOND  NEW  YORK  CAMPAIGN. 


769 


ment  was  held  June  28,  when  U.  S.  Senator  Joseph  M. 
Carey,  who  had  come  by  urgent  invitation,  made  a  most  con¬ 
vincing  speech,  describing  the  practical  workings  of  woman 
suffrage  in  Wyoming  and  urging  the  men  of  New  York  to  en¬ 


franchise  the  women  of  the  State.  He  was  followed  by  Mrs. 
Mary  T.  Burt,  representing  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  by  Mary 
Seymour  Howell. 

One  hearing  was  given  to  the  “  Remonstrants/’  or  “ Antis,” 
as  the  press  had  dubbed  them.  Because  of  their  extreme  mod¬ 
esty,  and  for  other  more  obvious  reasons,  they  did  not  make 
their  own  appeals  but  were  represented  by  the  male  of  their 
species.  Their  petition  was  presented  by  Elihu  Root.  Hon. 
Francis  M.  Scott,  whose  wife  was  one  of  the  leading  “Antis” 
in  New  York,  made  the  principal  address.  He  described  pa¬ 
thetically  the  timid  and  shrinking  class  of  women  for  whom 
he  pleaded,  insisted  that  the  legislature  never  had  refused 
women  anything  they  asked,  declared  the  suffrage  advocates 
represented  only  an  “  insignificant  minority,”1  and  closed  with 
the  eloquent  peroration  :  “I  vote,  not  because  I  am  intelligent, 
not  because  I  am  moral,  but  solely  and  simply  because  I  am  a 
man.”  Rev.  Clarence  A.  Walworth,  Hon.  Matthew  Hale  and 
J.  Newton  Fiero  were  the  other  speakers.  The  first  individual 

i  Although  their  petitions  contained  600,000  names  and  those  of  the  “Antis  ”  15,000. 

Ant. — 49 


770 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


did  not  believe  in  universal  manhood  suffrage  and  could  not 
favor  anything  which  would  double  the  vote.  Mr.  Hale  de¬ 
voted  most  of  his  argument  to  the  so-called  “bad  women,” 
declaring  there  were  over  100,000  of  them  in  the  State  who 
would  sell  their  votes  as  they  did  their  bodies — enough  to  over¬ 
come  the  votes  of  the  virtuous  women.  Mr.  Fiero  said  woman 
was  unfitted  for  the  ballot  because  she  was  influenced  by  pity, 
passion  and  prejudice  rather  than  by  judgment.  A  letter  was 
read  from  Hon.  Abram  S.  Hewitt,  objecting  to  the  amendment 
because  the  majority  of  women  do  not  care  to  vote. 

These  insults  to  their  sex  seemed  very  acceptable  to  the  fash¬ 
ionably  dressed  “Antis”  who  occupied  the  front  rows  of  seats. 
How  far  their  influence  affected  the  adverse  vote  of  the  con¬ 
vention  it  is  of  course  impossible  to  determine.  While  the 
liquor  dealers  were  sending  to  wavering  members  their  kegs  of 
beer  and  jugs  of  whiskey,  the  “Antis”  supplemented  their  ef¬ 
forts  with  champagne  suppers,  flowTers,  music  and  low-necked 
dresses.  And  the  suffrage  advocates  hoped  to  offset  these  po¬ 
litical  methods  by  trudging  through  mud  and  snow  with  their 
petitions  and  using  their  scanty  funds  to  send  out  literature  ! 
A  mistaken  policy,  perhaps,  but  the  only  one  possible  to  the 
class  of  women  who  are  asking  for  enfranchisement. 

The  committee,  as  had  been  foreordained,  brought  in  an 
adverse  report.  The  evenings  of  August  8,  9,  14  and  15, 
were  devoted  to  a  discussion  of  this  report.  The  Assembly 
chamber  was  crowded  at  each  session.  The  women  had  known 
for  weeks  that  they  were  defeated  but  had  not  abated  their 
efforts  in  the  slightest  degree.  Their  work  was  now  finished 
and  they  assembled  in  large  numbers  to  hear  the  final  debate. 
The  amendment  had,  from  first  to  last,  an  able  and  earnest 
champion  in  Edward  Lauterbach,  of  New  York,  who  opened 
the  discussion  in  a  speech  of  an  hour  and  a  quarter,  said  to 
have  been  the  ablest  made  in  the  convention.  Nineteen  members 
spoke  in  favor  and  fourteen  in  opposition.  The  debate  through¬ 
out  was  serious  and  respectful  and  as  dignified  as  was  possible 
with  the  frivolous  objections  made  by  the  opponents.  The 
delegates  showed  an  evident  appreciation  of  the  importance  of 


THE  SECOND  NEW  YORK  CAMPAIGN. 


771 


the  question  at  issue,  which  was  about  to  be  sacrificed  as  usual 
to  political  exigency. 

The  opponents  were  led  by  Elihu  Root,  of  New  York,  who 
begged  pathetically  that  “we  be  not  robbed  of  the  women  of 
our  homes ;  ”  and  declared  that  “  he  would  hesitate  to  put  in¬ 
to  the  hands  of  women  the  right  to  defend  his  wife  and  the 
women  he  loved  and  respected.’ ’  William  P.  Goodelle,  of 
Syracuse,  chairman  of  the  committee,  closed  the  discussion 
with  a  long  speech  in  which  he  asserted  that  “the  question 
was  not  whether  large  numbers  of  male  and  female  citizens 
asked  for  woman  suffrage,  or  protested  against  it,  or  are  taxed 
or  not,  but  was  it  for  the  benefit  of  the  State  ?  ”  This  being 
the  case,  why  did  Mr.  Goodelle  not  favor  its  being  submitted 
to  the  voters  of  the  State  in  order  that  they  might  decide  ? 

It  required  an  hour  and  a  half  to  take  the  vote,  as  most  of 
the  members  found  it  necessary  to  explain  why  they  voted  as 
they  did.  While  it  was  being  taken  President  Choate  left  his 
chair  and  talked  earnestly  with  many  of  the  delegates — prob¬ 
ably  about  the  weather — stopping  occasionally  to  receive  the 
approving  smiles  of  the  “Antis.”  When  his  name  was  called 
for  the  last  vote  he  recorded  himself  against  the  amendment, 
and  the  great  battle  was  over  l1  In  favor  of  submission  58,  op¬ 
posed  98. 

No  question  before  the  convention  had  attracted  so  much  at¬ 
tention  throughout  the  State.  The  New  York  Recorder  led 
the  newspapers  which  championed  the  submission  of  the 
amendment,  and  Harper’s  Weekly  and  the  Evening  Post  were 
prominent  among  the  opposition,  a  mighty  descent  from  the 
days  when  they  were  under  the  editorial  management  of  George 
William  Curtis  and  William  Cullen  Bryant.  The  day  after  the 
vote  was  taken  the  suffrage  committee  closed  its  Albany  head¬ 
quarters  in  the  Capitol  and  the  ladies  returned  to  their  homes. 

’Mrs.  Choate  was  one  of  the  women  who  signed  the  first  call  for  the  suffrage  advocates  to 
meet  at  Sherry’s ;  just  as,  in  1867,  Mrs.  Greeley  canvassed  her  whole  county  to  secure  sig¬ 
natures  to  the  woman’s  petition.  Horace  Greeley,  as  chairman  of  the  suffrage  committee 
of  that  Constitutional  Convention,  threw  the  whole  weight  of  his  influence  against  the 
amendment,  lest  it  might  hurt  the  Republican  party ;  just  as  Mr.  Choate  did  in  this  one, 
lest  it  might  hurt  the  party  and  himself.  Significant  answers  to  the  threadbare  assertion 
that  the  husband  represents  the  wife ! 


774 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


in  their  hearts,  for  Spiritualism  has  been  fully  as  unpopular  as  woman  suf¬ 
frage  ;  and  they  feared  if  they  displayed  too  much  gratitude  for  this  endorse¬ 
ment  the  public  would  at  once  pronounce  them  Spiritualists  and  they  would 
thus  be  doubly  damned.  But  there  are  a  few  of  our  members  who  are  brave 
enough  to  rejoice  in  the  damnation  of  orthodox  religions  and  orthodox  poli¬ 
tics  ! 

Her  consternation  at  these  closing  words  was  intensified  by 
the  letters  which  began  coming  in  upon  her  before  forty-eight 
hours.  She  wrote  at  once  to  the  paper:  “This  is  all  right 
until  you  come  to  the  last  sentence.  I  had  illustrated  also  the 
danger  of  expressing  kind  words  to  unpopular  political  par¬ 
ties,  and  then  I  concluded — not  as  printed — but  with  :  ‘  There 
are  still  a  few  of  us  brave  enough  to  rejoice  in  every  good  word 
and  work  said  and  done  for  woman,  and  to  publicly  express 
our  thanks  therefor,  notwithstanding  the  “denunciation  ”  (not 
damnation)  of  orthodox  religionists  and  orthodox  politicians.  ’  ” 
The  Express  published  her  correction,  but  it  is  doubtful  if  it 
ever  was  able  to  overtake  the  original  statement. 

Miss  Anthony  was  very  anxious  to  influence  the  next  legis¬ 
lature,  through  the  public  sentiment  which  had  been  created, 
to  submit  a  suffrage  amendment.  For  this  purpose  she  laid 
out  a  plan  of  work  to  continue  the  organization  and  petitions, 
and  herself  held  meetings  in  a  number  of  counties.  It  was 
decided  by  the  committee  to  go  before  the  Republican  and 
Democratic  State  Conventions,  which  were  to  be  held  at  Sara¬ 
toga.  An  address  was  prepared  and  a  resolution  asking  for  an 
endorsement  of  a  woman  suffrage  amendment.  Miss  Anthony, 
Mrs.  Greenleaf  and  Mr.  Lauterbach  went  before  the  resolution 
committee,  September  18,  which  allowed  five  minutes  for  the 
three  to  present  their  case,  and  never  gave  it  one  minute’s 
attention  afterwards. 

Frances  Willard  and  Lady  Somerset  came  down  from  their 
mountain  retreat  to  attend  this  convention,  and  after  their  return 
Miss  Willard  wrote:  “.  .  .  As  for  you,  our  leader  of  leaders,  I 
wish  I  could  transfer  to  your  brain  all  the  loving  thoughts  and 
words  of  our  trio  toward  you.  As  you  stood  before  that  roomful 
of  people,  so  straight  and  tall  and  masterful,  with  that  fine  sena- 


THE  SECOND  NEW  YORK  CAMPAIGN. 


775 


\ 


torial  head  and  face,  on  which  the  strength  and  heroism  of  your 
character  are  so  plainly  marked,  I  thought,  ‘  There  is  one  of 
the  century’s  foremost  figures  ;  there  is  the  woman  who  has 
been  faithful  among  the  faithless  and  true  among  the  false  !  ’  ” 


Five  minutes  allowed  such  women!  Had  they  represented 
an  enfranchised  class,  the  whole  committee  would  have  been 
at  their  feet. 

Miss  Anthony,  Mrs.  Blake  and  Mrs.  Greenleaf  went  to  the 
Democratic  convention  and  met  with  about  the  same  experi¬ 
ence.  They  were  permitted  to  address  the  resolution  commit¬ 
tee  and  bowed  out  as  quickly  as  possible.  There  was  no 
especial  rudeness  or  discourtesy,  but  they  had  no  constituency 
behind  them,  no  political  power,  and  in  the  hurry  and  worry 
of  a  State  convention  the  men  did  not  care  to  waste  time  with 
them,  even  had  they  been  the  most  eminent  women  on  the  face 
of  the  earth. 

Miss  Anthony  had  a  number  of  urgent  invitations  to  spend 
the  hot  months  of  July,  August  and  September  at  various 
charming  summer  homes  in  the  mountains  and  at  the  seaside, 
but  she  declined  all  and  resolutely  continued  at  work.  The 
hardest  for  her  to  resist  had  been  a  triumphant  call  from  the 
women  of  Colorado  to  come  and  help  them  celebrate  the  Fourth 
of  July.  It  was  to  be  the  jubilee  of  their  political  emancipa¬ 
tion,  the  first  since  their  enfranchisement.  The  State  presi¬ 
dent,  Mrs.  Mary  C.  C.  Bradford,  wrote:  “The  women  of 
Colorado  feel  that  their  precious  holiday  will  be  less  precious 
if  the  beloved  suffrage  leader  and  the  suffrage  flag  are  not 
present.”  At  first  she  sent  an  acceptance,  but  later,  affairs  in 


776 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


New  York  became  so  pressing  that  she  was  obliged,  most 
reluctantly,  to  recall  it.  After  filling  an  engagement  to  lecture 
before  the  alumnae  of  the  Girls'  Normal  School  in  Philadelphia, 
October  13,  she  started  on  the  16th  for  the  final  struggle  in 
Kansas. 


CHAPTER  XLIII. 


THE  SECOND  KANSAS  CAMPAIGN. 

1894. 

HE  Kansas  legislature  of  1893  had  submitted  an 
amendment  conferring  full  suffrage  on  women, 
to  be  voted  on  in  November,  1894.  Mrs.  Laura 
M.  Johns,  president  of  the  State  Suffrage  Associa¬ 
tion,  had  written  Miss  Anthony  in  April,  1893: 
“  Republicans  and  Populists  are  pledged  to  the  support  of  the 
amendment.  I  consider  both  parties  equally  committed  by 
their  platforms  this  year,  and  by  their  votes  in  the  legislature. 
We  ought  to  have  somebody  present  in  each  county  convention 
of  both,  next  year,  to  secure  a  suffrage  resolution  which  would 
insure  such  a  plank  in  each  State  platform.  You  see  if  one 
party  leaves  it  out  the  other  will  take  it  up  and  use  it  against 
the  first. y  ? 

During  all  the  voluminous  correspondence  of  1893,  in  which 
Mrs.  Johns  assured  Miss  Anthony  again  and  again  that  her 
assistance  in  the  campaign  was  absolutely  necessary  to  success, 
the  latter  did  not  once  fail  to  impress  upon  her  that  the  en¬ 
dorsement  of  the  political  parties  was  the  one  essential  without 
which  they  could  hope  for  nothing.  She  mapped  out  and  sent 
to  Mrs.  Johns  a  complete  plan  of  work,  covering  many  pages 
of  foolscap,  arranging  for  a  thorough  organization  of  every 
precinct  in  the  State,  for  the  specific  purpose  of  bringing  to 
bear  a  pressure  upon  the  political  conventions  the  next  sum¬ 
mer  which  would  compel  them  to  put  a  plank  in  their  plat¬ 
forms  endorsing  the  amendment.  She  made  it  perfectly  clear 
that,  if  the  conventions  did  not  do  this,  she  would  not  go  into 
the  State. 


(777) 


778  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

When  the  Kansas  women  came  to  the  Washington  conven¬ 
tion  in  February,  1894,  Miss  Anthony  for  the  first  time  had 
her  suspicions  aroused  that  the  politicians  of  that  State  were 
getting  in  some  shrewd  work  to  prevent  them  from  pressing 
the  question  of  planks  in  the  platforms.  Mrs.  Johns  had  made 
the  serious  mistake  of  accepting  also  the  presidency  of  the 
State  Republican  Woman’s  Association,  and  had  been  actively 
organizing  clubs  and  conferring  with  Republican  leaders.  She 
insisted  that  she  was  making  woman  suffrage  the  primary 
feature  of  her  work,  but  Miss  Anthony  held  that  her  strong 
Republican  affiliations  could  not  avoid  weakening  her  influence 
with  the  Populists.  She  did,  it  is  true,  send  out  circulars 
urging  the  local  organizations  to  work  for  planks  in  both  State 
conventions ;  and  she  did  advise  the  women  to  keep  clear  of 
partisan  action,  but  this  advice  could  hardly  be  effective  coming 
from  the  State  president  of  the  Republican  Woman’s  Association. 
Miss  Anthony  wrote  her  :  “  My  dear  Laura,  you  must  choose 

whom  you  will  serve — the  Republican  party  or  the  cause  of 
woman’s  enfranchisement ;  ”  and  she  replied  :  “  Please  don’t 

insult  my  loyalty  with  any  such  suggestion  as  this  ;  I  have 
never  served  anything  but  the  suffrage  cause  since  I  began  the 
suffrage  work;  ”  and  continued  to  look  after  the  welfare  of  her 
Republican  clubs  and  arrange  Republican  meetings. 

There  is  no  question  that  a  tremendous  pressure  was  brought 
to  bear  upon  the  suffrage  leaders  by  the  Republican  politicians. 
If  space  would  permit  the  publication  of  their  many  letters 
now  on  file  they  would  make  interesting  reading.  That  of 
Charles  F.  Scott,  of  the  Iola  Register,  urging  Mrs.  Johns  to 
call  off  her  women  and  telling  her  the  exact  language  in  which 
to  do  it,  is  a  masterpiece  of  political  shrewdness.  It  concludes  : 
“Try  to  get  E.  W.  Hoch  nominated  for  governor  and  we  won’t 
need  any  platform.”  As  a  specimen  of  pure  humor  might  be 
quoted  one  from  Case  Broderick,  M.  C.,  in  which  he  says  : 

I  have  thought  a  good  deal  about  this  question  and  have  concluded  we  can 
recognize  the  movement  by  a  resolution  similar  to  this:  “  While  the  ques¬ 
tion  of  the  amendment  of  the  constitution,  now  pending,  granting  the  right 
of  suffrage  to  women,  is  wholly  non-partisn  and  should  not  be  made  a  test  of 


THE  SECOND  KANSAS  CAMPAIGN. 


779 


Republicanism,  yet  we  can  not  view  with  apprehension  the  effort  to  fully  con¬ 
fer  upon  the  women  of  Kansas  the  elective  franchise.” 

He  then  closes  :  il  Some  will  contend  that  we  ought  to  say 
one  thing  or  the  other  .  .  .  but  such  a  resolution  as  this 
would  not  drive  any  from  our  party.”  One  must  admit  that  it 
would  not  scare  them  to  death.  Mr.  Broderick,  however,  was 
an  honest  believer  in  woman  suffrage  and  later  did  attempt  to 
secure  some  recognition  for  it  in  the  platform.  The  Republi¬ 
cans  sent  an  agent  of  adroit  address  among  the  suffrage  clubs 
to  explain  to  them  how  “  an  endorsement  by  the  political  par¬ 
ties  would  be  really  a  hindrance  to  their  success,”  and  it  was 
charged  that  this  was  done  with  the  consent  of  some  of  the 
leading  women. 

Miss  Anthony  wrote  to  Mrs.  Johns  at  this  time:  “  You 
know  as  well  as  I  do  that  not  one  of  those  Republicans  thinks 
party  endorsement  will  damage  the  suffrage  amendment,  as 
they  are  trying  to  make  the  women  believe,  but  every  one  of 
them  does  fear  that  it  will  hurt  his  chances  for  some  position 
and  lose  the  party  the  votes  of  the  Germans  and  the  whiskey 
dealers.  The  shame  for  them  now  is  vastly  greater  than  it 
was  twenty-seven  years  ago,  for  then  they  feared  to  lose  the 
enfranchisement  of  the  negro.  Their  proposal  to  leave  out  the 
plank  now,  after  they  have  carried  the  question  thus  far,  is 
too  wicked  to  be  tolerated  by  any  sane  woman  ! 1  I  marvel  that 
you  do  not  see  and  feel  the  insult  and  humiliation.” 

On  March  6,  1894,  Mrs.  Johns  wrote:  “  I  find  a  stampede 
here  on  the  plank  question.  Women  of  both  parties  are  going 
against  it.  Judge  Johnston  of  the  supreme  bench  is  opposed 
to  it;  so  is  Judge  Horton.  Do  write  them  for  their  views; 
you  know  they  are  good  friends  of  ours.  I  am  worried.  The 
Republicans  will  hold  the  first  convention,  and  the  general 
talk  of  candidates,  managers  and  leaders  is  against  a  plank.  I 
was  yesterday  about  to  go  into  print  in  regard  to  it,  but  am 

1  It  was  the  Republicans  who  framed  the  original  constitution  of  the  State  so  as  to  give 
women  liberal  property  rights,  equal  guardianship  of  their  children,  and  school  suffrage.  In 
1867  they  gave  to  women  an  equal  voice  on  the  question  of  local  option.  In  1887  they 
granted  to  them  municipal  suffrage.  In  various  State  conventions  they  adopted  an  une¬ 
quivocal  endorsement  of  full  suffrage  for  women. 


780 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


afraid  if  I  make  strenuous  efforts  and  am  beaten  that  it  will 
hurt  us  more  than  if  I  keep  quiet.  Prominent  men  are  writ¬ 
ing  and  besieging  me  to  relieve  the  party  of  the  embarrassment 
of  this  demand.  I  am  not  clear  in  my  own  mind  what  to  do.” 

As  the  weeks  went  on  it  became  more  and  more  apparent 
that  the  women  were  yielding  to  the  pressure.  The  officers  of 
the  National-American  Association,  which  had  pledged  nearly 
$2,300  to  help  Kansas,  insisted  that  the  women  should  con¬ 
tinue  to  demand  the  endorsement  of  the  political  parties  and 
let  the  onus  of  failure  rest  upon  the  men  and  not  upon  them¬ 
selves.  It  might  not  be  worth  while  to  quote  from  the  official 
letters  sent,  the  campaign  having  passed  into  history,  but  for 
the  fact  that  they  may  serve  as  a  guide  to  other  States  in  the 
future. 

Carrie  Chapman  Catt,  the  national  organizer,  wrote:  “It 
is  very  plain  that  the  chief  fight  is  now.  We  must  compel  en¬ 
dorsement,  and  I  believe  we  can  do  it.  How  any  man  in  his 
sane  senses  could  think  non-endorsement  would  give  votes 
and  sympathy,  I  can  not  conceive  ;  or  how  the  women  can 
have  a  hope  of  winning  without  it,  after  all  the  experience  of 
our  campaigns.”  Henry  B.  Blackwell,  editor  of  the  Woman’s 
Journal  and  an  experienced  politician,  wrote  Miss  Anthony: 

At  the  request  of  Mrs.  Johns  I  enclose  a  letter  from  Mr.  Wagener,  of 
Topeka.  He  gives  the  worst  possible  advice,  and  Mrs.  Johns’  letter  seems  to 
show  that  she  is  surrounded  by  bad  advisers  and  in  doubt  as  to  her  course. 
If  there  is  anything  which  twenty-seven  years’  work  has  taught  us,  it  is  that 
a  woman  suffrage  amendment  can  not  be  carried  without  at  least  one  political 
party  squarely  behind  it.  In  Colorado,  for  the  first  time,  we  have  had  a 
majority;  and  Mrs.  Catt,  and  Mrs.  Reynolds  and  Mrs.  Stansbury  of  Denver, 
all  say  that  the  amendment  could  not  have  been  carried  if  the  Republican, 
Populist  and  many  of  the  Democratic  district  conventions  had  not  first 
endorsed  it  in  their  platforms.  It  thus  became  a  live  issue  and  the  masses  of 
voters  became  interested  and  enlightened. 

On  the  other  hand,  our  South  Dakota  experience  is  conclusive.  .  .  .  All 
three  parties  ignored  it,  and  the  press  of  the  State  joined  in  a  conspiracy  of 
silence.  The  campaign  speakers  were  instructed  not  to  name  it.  We  had  to 
rely  for  the  discussions  upon  the  efforts  of  suffragists  as  outsiders.  Conse¬ 
quent^  .  .  .  we  were  beaten  two  to  one.  The  same  will  surely  be  true 

in  Kansas  in  1894.  ...  If  we  do  not  capture  the  Republican  and  Popu¬ 

list  State  conventions  we  shall  be  beaten  in  advance.  All  hinges  on  that! 


THE  SECOND  KANSAS  CAMPAIGN. 


781 


I  have  just  talked  with  Mrs.  Lease,  who  fully  agrees  with  me.  The  Republi¬ 
can  convention  will  be  the  first  to  meet.  If  Mrs.  Johns  will  go  before  the 
resolution  committee  and  urge  her  plank,  securing  at  least  its  presentation  as  a 
minority  report  offered  in  open  session,  it  will  stampede  the  convention  and 
be  carried.  Then  the  Populists  will  put  one  in  so  as  not  to  be  behind  the 
Republicans,  and  then  we  shall  probably  win.  Do  write  Mrs.  Johns  to  stand 
by  her  guns.  No  one  but  her  can  do  this  work,  because  she  is  personally 

dear  to  the  Republicans.  The  fate  of  the  amendment  will  be  then  and  there 
decided. 

Rev.  Anna  Shaw,  vice-president-at-large,  wrote  Mrs.  Johns 
in  this  vigorous  language  : 

I  must  confess  that  while  I  can  readily  understand  the  abject  cowardice  and 
selfishness  which  prompt  men  and  political  tricksters  to  urge  the  abandonment 
of  the  plank,  I  can  not  understand  how  you  or  any  other  woman  with  a  grain 
of  sense  can  listen  to  such  proposals  for  a  moment.  That  endorsement  is 
our  only  hope.  If  that  fail  us,  our  cause  is  lost  in  advance ;  for  it  will  show  the 
body  of  the  party  what  the  leaders  think  and  feel  on  the  subject,  and  be  a 
tacit  command  to  kill  it.  The  hypocrisy  of  the  whole  business  should  not 
leceive  from  women  even  a  show  of  belief.  TVhat  wonder  men  despise  us  as 
a  shallow  lot  of  simpletons,  if  we  are  deceived  by  so  thin  a  pretense  as  this  ? 
I  foi  one  protest  against  it  so  strongly  that  if  your  committee  agree  to  it  and 
do  not  push  party  endorsement,  I  must  decline  to  fool  away  my  time  in  Kan¬ 
sas.  If  you  give  up  that  point  I  must  refuse  to  go  a  single  step  or  raise  a 
dollar.  I  am  sick  of  the  weakness  of  women,  forever  dictated  to  by  men. 
Experience  has  taught  us  what  a  campaign  unendorsed  means.  Think  of 
submitting  our  measure  to  the  advice  of  politicians !  I  would  as  soon  submit 
the  subject  of  the  equality  of  a  goose  to  a  fox.  No;  we  must  have  party  en¬ 
dorsement  or  we  are  dead. 

If  I  am  not  to  go  to  Kansas,  I  want  to  know  it  immediately.  It  is  too  late 
even  now,  for  I  refused  twenty  consecutive  engagements  for  May  in  one 
State,  thinking  it  was  all  given  up  to  Kansas.  The  man  or  woman  who  urges 
surrender  now  is  more  a  political  partisan  than  a  lover  of  freedom.  I  care 
nothing  for  all  the  political  parties  in  the  world  except  as  they  stand  for 
justice.  I  can  not  tell  you  how  even  the  suggestion  of  this  surrender 

affects  me.  For  the  love  of  woman,  do  not  be  fooled  by  those  men  any 
longer. 

Finally,  as  the  case  grew  more  hopeless,  Miss  Anthony,  as 
president  of  the  National-American  Association,  on  March  11, 
sent  the  following  : 

To  the  Kansas  Woman  Suffrage  Amendment  Campaign  Committee— Laura  31. 
Johns,  Bina  31.  Otis,  Sarah  A.  Thurston,  Annie  L.  Diggs  and  Others: 

My  Dear  Friends:  I  have  the  letter  of  your  chairman,  Mrs.  Johns,  to¬ 
gether  with  one  she  forwards  from  a  lawyer  of  Topeka,  with  the  added 


782 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


assertion  that  Judges  Horton,  Johnston  et  al.,  and  leading  editors  and  poli¬ 
ticians,  are  begging  your  committee  to  cease  to  demand  of  the  two  great 
political  parties,  the  Republican  and  People’s,  that  they  put  a  suffrage  plank 
in  their  platforms ;  but  instead,  simply  allow  the  amendment  to  go  before 
the  electors  on  its  merits— that  is  to  say,  repeat  the  experiment  as  it  has 
been  made  and  has  failed  eight  times  over.  .  .  . 

The  one  and  only  sure  hope  of  carrying  the  amendment  in  Kansas  is  to 
have  on  its  side  all  the  aid  of  the  political  machinery  of  its  two  great  parties. 
My  one  object  in  consenting  to  go  into  your  campaign  for  May  and  June, 
was  to  create  so  strong  a  public  demand  as  to  make  sure  that  every  delegate 
elected  to  the  State  nominating  conventions  of  the  Republican  and  People’s 
parties  shall  be  instructed  by  his  constituents,  in  county  convention  assem¬ 
bled,  to  vote  for  a  woman  suffrage  plank  in  the  platform.  The  moment  your 
committee  abandons  this  aim,  I  shall  lose  all  interest  in  your  work.  You 
say:  “Prominent  Republicans  are  besieging  us  to  relieve  their  party  of  the 
embarrassment  of  this  demand.”  So  did  they  besiege  us  twenty-seven 
years  ago.  No;  not  for  a  moment  should  you  think  of  relieving  the  politi¬ 
cians  from  the  duty  of  declaring  for  this  amendment.  If  you  do,  you  are 
unworthy  the  trust  reposed  in  you.  I  surely  never  would  have  promised  to 
go  into  your  campaign,  or  begged  the  friends  to  contribute,  had  I  dreamed 
of  the  possibility  of  your  surrendering  to  the  cowardice  of  political  trim¬ 
mers. 

If  the  convention  which  meets  first  do  not  endorse  the  amendment,  then 
the  other  will  not;  in  which  event,  its  discussion  will  not  be  germane  in 
either  party’s  fall  campaign.  On  the  other  hand,  if  the  first  put  a  plank 
in  its  platform,  the  other  will  be  sure  to  do  so ;  and  then  the  question  will  be 
a  legitimate  one  to  be  advocated  in  the  meetings  of  both  parties  and  this  will 
ensure  the  presentation  of  our  cause  to  all  the  voters  of  the  State. 

By  this  means  the  two  parties  will  run  your  amendment  campaign,  and  you 
will  not  be  compelled  to  make  a  separate  suffrage  campaign.  That  you  can 
not  do  in  any  event,  because  (1st)  you  can  not  get  either  the  speakers  or  the 
money  necessary ;  and  (2d)  if  you  could  get  both,  you  would  have  only 
women  in  your  meetings,  and  defeat  would  be  just  as  certain  as  in  the 
eight  States  which  have  had  such  separate  woman’s  campaigns.  Therefore, 
if  you  decide  to  abandon  the  demand  for  political  endorsement  and  active 
help,  as  the  first  and  chief  object  of  this  spring’s  work,  you  may  count  me 
out  of  it;  for  I  will  not  be  a  party,  even  though  a  protesting  one,  to  such  a 
surrender  of  our  only  hope  of  success. 

I  came  home  for  a  rest  over  Sunday,  after  speaking  five  successive  nights  in 
five  different  counties,  in  our  New  York  campaign,  and  these  letters  with  the 
weak — the  wicked — thought  of  not  demanding  of  the  political  leaders  to  make 
their  parties  help  carry  the  amendment,  raged  through  my  brain  all  night 
long.  How  to  put  the  shame  of  surrender  strongly  enough  was  my  constant 
study,  sleeping  and  waking  alike.  No,  a  thousand  times  no,  I  say;  and  if 
you  do  yield  to  this  demand  at  the  behest  of  men  claiming  to  be  your  friends, 
you  make  yourselves  a  party  with  those  men  to  ensure  your  defeat.  The 
speakers  will  advocate  no  measure,  and  the  vast  majority  of  men  will  vote 
for  none,  which  is  not  approvingly  mentioned  in  the  platform.  If  you  give 


THE  SECOND  KANSAS  CAMPAIGN. 


783 


up  trying  for  political  endorsement,  or  fail  after  trying,  all  hope  of  carrying 
the  amendment  will  be  gone.  So,  over  and  over  I  say,  demand  party  help! 

Lovingly  but  protestingly,  Susan  B.  Anthony. 

Mrs.  Johns,  of  course,  indignantly  rejected  the  imputation 
that  she  was  not  working  night  and  day  to  secure  a  plank 
from  the  Republican  convention.  She  was  a  most  efficient 
manager,  but  the  cause  of  her  weakness  and  that  of  the  other 
women,  was  that  they  were  trying  to  serve  two  masters.  The 
very  fact  that  the  Republican  men  were  begging  them  not  to 
ask  for  a  plank,  shows  the  power  which  the  women  already 
possessed  in  their  municipal  suffrage,  and  they  should  have 
had  the  courage  to  stand  firm  in  their  demands  for  recognition 
in  the  platform,  for  the  dignity  of  their  cause  and  their  woman¬ 
hood,  whether  there  were  hope  of  getting  it  or  not.  There  is 
no  doubt  that  Mrs.  Johns  did  make  an  earnest  effort  to  this 
end,  but  there  is  also  no  doubt  that  every  Republican  leader 
understood  that  even  if  the  party  did  not  endorse  the  suffrage 
amendment,  she  and  her  associates  still  would  be  no  less  Repub¬ 
licans  and  would  work  no  less  vigorously  for  the  party’s  success. 
Miss  Anthony’s  Kansas  correspondence  during  1894  comprises 
300  letters  and  all  confirm  the  statements  thus  briefly  outlined. 

The  Republican  politicians  made  the  women  believe  if  they 
would  not  insist  on  the  party’s  placing  itself  on  record  and 
thus  losing  the  support  of  the  elements  opposed  to  woman  suf¬ 
frage,  all  of  them  would  vote  for  the  amendment.  Should  the 
women  of  Kansas  ever  become  politically  free,  the  publication 
of  these  letters  would  be  fatal  to  some  aspiring  male  candidates, 
but  so  long  as  the  men  still  have  it  in  their  power  to  grant  to 
women  or  to  withhold  the  full  franchise,  it  is  the  part  of  wis¬ 
dom  to  leave  them  on  their  files.  There  were  many  Kansas 
women,  however,  who  refused  to  be  deceived  and  sustained 
Miss  Anthony’s  position.  In  April  she  wrote  to  one  of  the 
Republican  leaders  : 

If  the  Republicans  had  two  grains  of  political  sense,  they  would  see  that 
for  them  to  espouse  the  amendment  and  gain  the  glory,  as  they  surely  would, 
of  lifting  the  women  of  the  State  into  full  suffrage,  would  give  them  new  life, 
prestige  and  power  greater  and  grander  than  they  ever  possessed ;  and  they 


784 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


would  not  be  halting  and  belittling  themselves  with  such  idiotic  stuff  and  non¬ 
sense  as  their  advice  to  let  the  amendment  go  to  the  electors  of  the  State 
“on  its  own  merits. ”  But  however  politicians  may  waver,  our  suffrage 
women  must  not  have  a  doubt,  but  must  persist  in  the  demand  for  full  recog¬ 
nition  in  both  platforms.  We  must  exact  justice  and  if  they  do  not  give  it, 
the  curse  be  on  their  heads,  not  ours. 

The  same  month  she  wrote  Mrs.  Johns  : 

I  can  not  tell  you  how  more  and  more  it  is  borne  in  upon  me  that  our  one 
chance  lies  in  securing  the  Republican  pledge  to  carry  us  to  victory,  for  that 
will  mean  a  Populist  pledge,  and  both  planks  will  mean  a  clean-cut  battle  be¬ 
tween  the  different  elements  of  the  grand  old  party  combined  as  one  on  this 
question — and  the  Democracy  of  the  State.  Even  with  so  solid  an  alliance  of 
the  two  branches,  we  shall  have  a  hard  enough  fight  of  it.  Every  woman  who 
listens  to  the  siren  tongues  of  political  wire-pullers  and  office-seekers  not  to 
demand  a  plank,  will  thereby  help  to  sell  Kansas  back  into  the  hands  of  the 
whiskey  power.  Behind  every  anti-plank  man’s  word,  written  or  spoken,  is 
his  willingness  to  let  Kansas  return  to  saloon  rule.  Sugar  coat  it  as  they 
may,  that  is  the  unsavory  pill  in  the  motive  of  every  one  of  them. 

Sincerely  and  hopefully  yours,  trusting  in  good  and  keeping  our  powder 
dry. 

Enough  has  been  quoted  to  show  the  situation.  Miss  An¬ 
thony,  Mrs.  Catt  and  Miss  Shaw  went  to  Kansas  to  open  the 
spring  canvass,  May  4,  to  influence  the  State  conventions. 
Miss  Anthony  had  been  advertised  for  forty-three  speeches. 
The  women  of  New  York,  where  a  great  campaign  was  in  prog¬ 
ress,  were  highly  indignant  that  she  should  leave  her  own 
State,  but  she  had  put  her  heart  into  this  Kansas  campaign  as 
never  into  any  other,  and  she  fully  believed  that,  if  properly 
managed,  the  result  could  not  fail  to  be  victory  for  the  amend¬ 
ment.  The  three  ladies  held  the  first  meeting  in  Kansas  City, 
May  4.  Miss  Anthony  made  a  speech  which  fairly  raised  the 
hair  of  her  audience,  demanding  in  unqualified  terms  the 
endorsement  of  the  amendment  by  the  Republican  and  People’s 
parties.  She  closed  by  offering  the  following  resolution,  which 
was  unanimously  adopted  : 

Whereas,  From  the  standpoint  of  justice,  political  expediency  and  grateful 
appreciation  of  their  wise  and  practical  use  of  school  suffrage  from  the  organ¬ 
ization  of  the  State,  and  of  municipal  suffrage  for  the  past  eight  years,  we,  of 
the  Republican  and  People’s  parties,  descendants  of  that  grand  old  party  of 


THE  SECOND  KANSAS  CAMPAIGN. 


785 


splendid  majorities  which  extended  these  rights  to  the  women  of  Kansas,  in, 
mass  meeting  assembled  do  hereby 

Resolve,  That  we  urgently  request  our  delegates  in  their  approaching  State 
conventions  to  endorse  the  woman  suffrage  amendment  in  their  respective 
platforms. 

That  night  she  wrote  in  her  journal:  “  Never  did  I  speak 
under  such  a  fearful  pressure  of  opposition.  Mrs.  Johns, 
presiding,  never  smiled,  and  other  women  on  the  platform 
whispered  angrily  and  said  audibly,  ‘  She  is  losing  us  thou¬ 
sands  of  votes  by  this  speech.’  ”  Miss  Anthony  repeated  it 
in  the  county  mass  conventions  at  Leavenworth  and  Topeka, 
to  the  dismay  of  the  Republican  women  and  the  wrath  of  the 
men.1  While  at  the  latter  place  she  received  an  urgent  sum¬ 
mons  to  return  immediately  to  New  York,  as  fresh  dangers 
threatened  ;  and  so  she  hastened  eastward,  leaving  the  others 
to  fill  her  engagements.  On  her  way,  she  stopped  by  invita¬ 
tion  at  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  and  with  Miss  Shaw  held  a  Sunday 
afternoon  meeting  at  which  $133  were  raised  for  the  Kansas 
campaign. 

In  three  weeks  Miss  Anthony  returned  to  Kansas,  arriving 
June  5.  She  found  the  Republican  Woman’s  State  Convention 
in  session,  Mrs.  Johns  presiding.  The  committee  reported 
a  weak  resolution  declaring  that  they  would  not  make  the 
adoption  of  a  suffrage  plank  by  the  Republican  State  Convention 
“a  test  of  party  fealty,”  etc.  Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Shaw 
condemned  this  in  the  strongest  English  they  could  command. 
Mrs.  Johns  also  severely  criticised  the  committee,  but  Mrs.  J. 
Ellen  Foster,  who  had  come  for  both  conventions,  said  :  “  I 

care  more  for  the  dominant  principles  of  the  Republican  party 
than  I  do  for  woman  suffrage.”  The  committee  finally  were 
compelled  to  report  a  stronger  resolution  asking  for  recogni¬ 
tion. 

The  Republican  convention  met  June  6.  C.  V.  Eskridge,  of 
Emporia,  the  oldest  and  bitterest  opponent  of  woman  suffrage 
in  the  State  of  Kansas,  was  made  chairman  of  the  committee 

1  See  Appendix  for  full  speech. 

Ant.— 50 


786  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

on  resolutions.  The  proposal  to  hear  the  women  speak,  during 
an  interim  in  the  proceedings,  was  met  by  a  storm  of  noes. 
Finally  Mrs.  Foster  and  Mrs.  Johns  were  permitted  to  present 
the  claims  of  women,  but  neither  Miss  Anthony  nor  Miss  Shaw 
was  given  an  opportunity  to  address  the  convention.  They 
did,  however,  plead  the  women’s  cause  most  eloquently  before 
the  resolution  committee  of  thirty-five  members,  but  the  plat¬ 
form  was  entirely  silent  on  the  subject,  not  even  containing  the 
usual  complimentary  allusions,  recognition  of  their  services, 
etc.1  Not  the  slightest  attempt  was  made  to  deny  the  fact  that 
agents  of  the  party  had  been  at  work  for  weeks  among  the 
various  county  conventions  to  see  that  delegates  were  appointed 
who  were  opposed  to  a  suffrage  plank,  and  that  the  resolution 
committee  had  been  carefully  “  packed  ”  to  prevent  any  dan¬ 
ger  of  one.  In  conversations  which  Miss  Anthony  held  with 
several  of  the  leading  candidates  who  in  times  past  had  advo¬ 
cated  woman  suffrage,  they  did  not  hesitate  to  admit  that  the 
party  had  formed  an  alliance  with  the  whiskey  ring  to  defeat  the 
Populists.  “We  must  redeem  the  State,”  was  their  only  cry. 
“  Redeem  it  from  what  ?  ”  she  asked.  “  From  financial  here¬ 
sies,”  was  the  answer.  “Yes,”  she  retorted,  “even  if  you 
sink  it  to  the  depths  of  hell  on  moral  issues.” 

It  is  not  probable  that  any  earthly  power  could  have 
secured  Republican  endorsement  at  this  time,  although  here¬ 
tofore  the  party  always  had  posed  as  the  champion  of  this 
cause.  There  never  was  a  more  pitiable  exhibition  of  abject 
subserviency  to  party  domination.  Men  who  had  stood  boldly 
for  woman  suffrage  in  the  legislature,  men  who  had  spoken  for 
it  on  the  platform  in  every  county  in  the  State,  sat  dumb  as 
slaves  in  this  convention,  sacrificing  without  scruple  a  life¬ 
long  principle  ^ 

for  the  sake  of 
a  paltry  po-  /y 
litical  reward. 

While  many  of  the  papers  had  spoken  earnestly  in  favor  of 


1  The  women  of  the  Topeka  Equal  Suffrage  Club,  at  their  next  meeting,  adopted  a  resolution 
thanking  the  Republican  convention  for  not  declaring  against  the  amendment! 


THE  SECOND  KANSAS  CAMPAIGN. 


787 


the  amendment,  the  Leavenworth  Times,  owned  and  edited 
by  D.  R.  Anthony,  was  the  only  one  of  size  and  influence 
which  demanded  party  endorsement.1  The  Republican  mana¬ 
gers  had  but  one  idea — to  overthrow  Populist  rule  and  get 
back  the  reins  of  government — and  they  were  ready  to  take  on 
or  pitch  overboard  whatever  would  contribute  to  this  end. 

A  suffrage  mass  meeting  was  held  in  Topeka  the  Saturday 
following  the  convention  and,  in  spite  of  a  heavy  thunder¬ 
storm,  there  was  an  audience  of  over  one  thousand.  Annie 
L.  Diggs  presided  and  Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Shaw  spoke, 
the  former  on  “  Reasons  why  the  dominant  parties  do  not  put 
a  plank  in  their  platforms;”  the  latter  on,  “ Woman  first, 
Republican  or  Populist  afterwards.” 

The  great  question  now  was  whether  it  were  wise  to  ask  for 
a  suffrage  plank  in  the  Populist  platform,  and  here  again  was 
great  diversity  of  opinion.  Some  thought  that  endorsement 
by  this  party  would  make  it  appear  like  a  Populist  measure, 
and  the  Republicans  would  vote  against  it  rather  than  allow 
them  to  have  the  credit  of  carrying  it.  Others  held  that  the 
Populists  carried  the  State  at  the  last  election  and  were  likely 
to  do  so  again,  and  with  their  party  vote,  the  Prohibition 
and  such  Republican  votes  as  certainly  could  be  counted  on, 
the  amendment  would  go  through  without  fail.  Miss  Anthony 
belonged  to  the  latter  class  and  directed  every  energy  towards 
securing  an  endorsement  in  their  State  convention,  June  12. 
Although  woman  suffrage  had  been  one  of  the  tenets  of  this 
party  from  its  beginning,  there  was  by  no  means  a  unanimous 
sentiment  in  favor  of  a  plank  of  endorsement.  This  was 
especially  true  in  regard  to  the  leaders.  Governor  Lewelling, 
who  was  a  candidate  for  re-election,  was  openly  opposed,  and 

1  It  will  be  cowardice  for  the  Republicans  to  fail  to  endorse  woman  suffrage  in  their  State 
platform.  In  past  years,  when  no  amendment  was  pending,  the  Republican  party  of  Kan¬ 
sas  has  encouraged  the  presentation  of  such  an  amendment.  Will  it  now  attempt  to  sneak 
out  of  the  responsibility  and  go  back  on  its  past  record?  The  women  of  our  State  have 
shown  themselves  intelligent  voters,  in  every  way  worthy  of  being  entrusted  with  full  suf¬ 
frage.  None  of  the  evils  have  come  upon  us  which  were  predicted  by  the  opponents  of 
the  reform,  and  they  never  will  come.  To  place  a  plank  in  the  platform  will  save  many 
votes  to  the  party.  It  is  the  right,  the  brave  thing  to  do.  What  is  brave  and  right  has,  in 
the  past,  been  the  thing  that  the  Republican  party  has  done.  Let  it  not  now  begin  to  do  the 
cowardly  thing.— Leavenworth  Times,  May  17,  1894. 


788 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


P.  P.  Elder,  chairman  of  the  resolution  committee,  made  a 
determined  fight  against  it. 

While  the  resolution  committee  was  out  Miss  Anthony  ad¬ 
dressed  the  convention,  saying  in  the  course  of  her  remarks  : 
“  I  belong  to  but  one  party  under  the  shadow  of  the  flag,  and 
that  is  the  party  of  idiots  and  criminals.  I  don’t  like  my 
company.  Are  you  going  to  leave  your  mothers,  wives 
and  sisters  in  that  category?  I  ask  you  to  say  that  every 
woman  by  your  side  shall  have  the  same  rights  as  you  have.” 
When  she  concluded  one  of  the  delegates  said  :  “  Miss 

Anthony,  with  all  due  respect,  I  wish  to  ask,  in  the  event  of 
the  Populists  putting  a  woman  suffrage  plank  in  their  plat¬ 
form,  will  you  work  for  the  success  of  this  party?  ”  The 
newspapers  thus  report  her  reply  and  what  followed  : 

“  For  forty  years  I  have  labored  for  woman’s  enfranchisement,  and  I  have 
always  said  that  for  the  party  which  endorsed  it,  whether  Republican, 
Democratic  or  Populist,  I  would  wave  my  handkerchief.  I  will  go  before 
the  people  at  your  meetings,  and  though  I  know  very  little  about  the  other 
principles  of  your  party  and  never  discuss  finance  and  tariff,  I  will  try  to 
persuade  every  man  in  those  meetings  to  vote  for  woman  suffrage.” 

“  Miss  Anthony,”  said  Mr.  Carpenter,  “we  want  more  than  the  waving 
of  your  handkerchief,  and  if  the  People’s  party  put  a  woman  suffrage  plank 
in  its  platform,  will  you  go  before  the  voters  of  this  State  and  tell  them  that 
because  the  People’s  party  has  espoused  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage  it 
deserves  the  vote  of  every  one  who  is  a  supporter  of  that  cause  ?  ” 

Miss  Anthony  answered :  “  I  most  certainly  will !  ” 

Immediately  upon  hearing  this,  the  convention  went  wild — yelled  and 
cheered  and  applauded  to  its  very  utmost — hundreds  rose  to  their  feet — the 
cheering  lasted  five  minutes  without  intermission. 

In  the  confusion  Miss  Anthony  thus  finished  her  interrupted 
sentence  : 

“  For  I  would  surely  choose  to  ask  votes  for  the  party  which  stood  for  the 
principle  of  justice  to  women,  though  wrong  on  financial  theories,  rather  than 
for  the  party  which  was  sound  on  the  questions  of  money  and  tariff,  and 
silent  on  the  pending  amendment  to  secure  political  equality  to  half  the  peo¬ 
ple.” 

None  of  the  reporters  caught  this  and,  as  a  result,  the  sim¬ 
ple  statement,  “  I  certainly  will,”  appeared  in  all  the  Kansas 
papers  and  went  the  rounds  of  the  press  of  the  entire  country. 


THE  SECOND  KANSAS  CAMPAIGN. 


789 


The  suffrage  question  had  its  opponents  and  advocates 
among  leaders  and  delegates.  It  occupied  the  resolution  com¬ 
mittee  until  late  at  night,  and  finally  went  down  to  defeat,  8 
to  13.  When  the  resolutions  were  reported  they  considered 
finance,  labor,  taxes,  banks,  bonds,  arbitration,  pensions,  irri¬ 
gation,  freight  rates,  transportation,  initiative  and  referendum 
— everything  under  the  sun  but  the  suffrage  amendment.  In 
regard  to  that  much  agitated  point  they  were  painfully  silent. 
On  this  committee  was  one  woman  delegate,  Mrs.  Eliza  Hud¬ 
son,  who  could  not  be  coaxed  or  bullied.  She  gave  notice  at 
once  that  she  would  make  a  minority  report  and  carry  it  to 
the  floor  of  the  convention.  The  following  was  signed  by  her¬ 
self  and  seven  other  members  of  the  committee:  “'Whereas, 
The  People’s  party  came  into  existence  and  won  its  glorious 
victories  on  the  fundamental  principles  of  equal  rights  to  all 
and  special  privileges  to  none  ;  therefore  be  it  resolved  that  we 
favor  the  pending  constitutional  amendment.” 

Meanwhile  Miss  Anthony,  Mrs.  Catt  and  Miss  Shaw 
addressed  the  convention  and  were  enthusiastically  received. 
When  the  minority  report  was  presented  and  every  possible 
parliamentary  tactic  had  failed  to  prevent  its  consideration,  it 
was  vehemently  discussed  for  four  hours,  in  five-minute 
speeches,  Judge  Frank  Poster  leading  the  affirmative.  The 
debate  was  closed  by  Mrs.  Diggs,  and  the  resolution  was 
adopted,  ayes  337,  noes  269  ;  carried  by  68  majority  in  a  dele¬ 
gate  body  of  606.  During  the  fray  a  tail  in  some  way  tacked 
itself  on  to  the  resolution,  which  said,  “but  we  do  not  regard 
this  as  a  test  of  party  fealty .”  So  the  party  adopted  a  plank 
declaring  that  it  did  not  regard  a  belief  in  one  of  its  own 
fundamental  principles  as  a  test  of  fealty  ;  but  in  the  wild  ex¬ 
citement  which  ensued,  a  little  thing  like  this  was  not  noticed. 
The  State  Journal  thus  describes  the  scene  : 

When  it  became  evident  the  resolution  had  carried,  and  before  the  vote 
could  be  announced,  the  convention  jumped  up  and  yelled.  Canes  were 
waved,  hats  thrown  high  in  the  air,  men  stood  on  chairs  and  shouted  frantic¬ 
ally.  The  whole  convention  was  one  deep,  all-prevailing  impersonated  voice. 


790 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


How  they  howled  and  stamped,  as  though  every  one  loved  suffrage  and  suf¬ 
fragists  with  all  their  hearts  ! 

“  I  want  Miss  Shaw  to  come  forward  and  give  that  Populist  whoop  that  she 
promised  she  would  last  night,”  said  a  delegate.  Miss  Shaw  came  to  the 
front  of  the  platform  and  said :  “  I  do  not  know  any  better  whoop  than  that 

good  old  tune,  ‘Praise  God  From  Whom  All  Blessings  Flow.’”  “Sing,” 
said  Chairman  Dunsmore.  The  vast  audience  shook  every  particle  of  air  in 
the  big  hall  with  the  full  round  notes  of  the  long  meter  doxology.  “  Let  all 
the  people  cry  amen,”  said  Alonzo  Wardall,  who  was  on  the  platform. 
Hundreds  of  voices  which  had  not  pronounced  the  word  for  years  joined  in 
the  great,  resounding,  unanimous  “  amen  ”  that  filled  the  hall. 

Susan  B.  Anthony,  Annie  L.  Diggs  and  Anna  Shaw  leaned  over  the  front 
of  the  stage  and  shook  every  man’s  hand  as  he  passed  along,  and  hundreds 
of  brown,  calloused  hands  were  thrust  up  to  give  a  grasp  of  congratulation. 
Miss  Anthony  warmed  to  her  work  and  had  to  push  up  her  sleeves,  but  she 
didn’t  mind  that  for  suffrage,  for  which  she  had  just  won  a  glorious  victory. 
Many  said,  as  they  grasped  her  hand:  “  You’re  going  to  be  a  Populist  now, 
ain’t  you?” 

Daring  the  confusion  an  old  soldier  came  up  and  pinned  a 
Populist  badge  on  her  dress,  and  this  was  magnified  by  the 
newspapers  into  the  thrilling  description:  “Miss  Anthony 
seized  a  Populist  badge  and,  pinning  it  on  her  breast,  declared: 
‘  Henceforth  and  forever  I  belong  to  the  People’s  party  !  ’  ” 

The  State  Prohibition  convention  was  in  progress  at  Em¬ 
poria  at  the  same  time,  and  the  women  had  been  notified  that 
a  suffrage  plank  would  be  adopted  without  any  effort  on  their 
part.  On  June  13  the  following  telegram  was  sent  by  the  sec¬ 
retary  of  the  convention  to  Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Shaw  : 
“  Recognizing  the  right  of  suffrage  as  inherent  in  citizenship, 
the  Prohibition  party  stands  unequivocally  pledged  to  use  its 
utmost  efforts  to  secure  the  adoption  of  the  pending  constitu¬ 
tional  amendment  for  the  enfranchisement  of  women.”  This 
was  their  response  from  the  Populist  convention  hall :  “  The 

National- American  Woman  Suffrage  Association  sends  greet¬ 
ing,  and  is  gratified  that  there  is  one  political  party  which 
does  not  need  to  be  urged  to  declare  for  justice  to  women.” 
The  Capitol  said  :  “There  was  a  wild  demonstration  as  their 
names  were  read.” 

It  is  hardly  possible  to  give  an  adequate  idea  of  the  storm 
which  followed  the  announcement  of  Miss  Anthony’s  declara- 


THE  SECOND  KANSAS  CAMPAIGN. 


791 


tion  in  regard  to  the  People’s  party.  There  was  scarcely  a 
newspaper  in  the  country  which  did  not  have  its  fling.  Kate 
Field’s  Washington  led  off  with  a  full  first  page  entitled,  “  The 
Unholy  Alliance.”  Editors  opposed  to  woman  suffrage  made 
it  a  text  for  double  leaders.  Republican  papers  berated  her 
without  mercy.  Letters  poured  in  upon  her  from  personal 
friends,  judges,  mayors,  ministers,  members  of  Congress,  ac¬ 
cepting  the  published  reports  and  condemning  her  in  unmeas¬ 
ured  terms.  Others  wrote  begging  her  to  set  herself  right  in 
the  eyes  of  the  public,  as  they  knew  she  had  been  misrepre¬ 
sented.  It  seemed  impossible,  however,  for  her  to  make  her¬ 
self  clearly  understood.  She  writes  in  her  journal:  “One 
would  think  I  had  committed  the  unpardonable  sin  against  the 
Holy  Ghost  in  thanking  the  Populists  for  their  good  promise 
and  saying  I  preferred  them  with  justice  to  women,  no  matter 
what  their  financial  folly,  to  the  Republicans  without  justice 
to  women,  no  matter  what  their  financial  wisdom.” 

She  returned  home  June  20  and  all  the  Rochester  reporters 
were  on  hand  for  an  interview.  The  following  from  the  Dem¬ 
ocrat  and  Chronicle  is  practically  what  appeared  in  all : 

Miss  Anthony  was  perfectly  willing  to  talk,  and  this  is  a  resume  of  what 
the  reporter  learned:  1.  Miss  Anthony  is  not  a  Populist.  2.  Miss  Anthony 
is  not  a  Democrat.  3.  Miss  Anthony  is  not  a  Republican.  4.  Miss  Anthony 
can  not  say  what  party  she  will  join  when  the  right  to  vote  is  given  her. 

“  I  didn’t  go  over  to  the  Populists  by  doing  what  I  did  in  Kansas,”  she 
said.  “  I  have  been  like  a  drowning  man  for  a  long  time,  waiting  for  some  one 
to  throw  a  plank  to  me.  The  Republicans  refused,  but  the  Populists  threw  an 
excellent  plank  in  my  direction.  I  didn’t  step  on  the  whole  platform,  but 
just  on  the  woman  suffrage  plank.  I  went  forward  at  the  close  of  the  con¬ 
vention  and  told  the  men  how  glad  I  was  to  see  one  of  the  dominant  parties  take 
up  woman  suffrage.  I  said  that  we  had  been  besieging  the  big  political  parties 
for  twenty-five  years.  Here  is  a  party  in  power  which  is  likely  to  remain  in 
power,  and  if  it  will  give  its  endorsement  to  our  movement,  we  want  it. 

“  I  do  not  claim  to  know  anything  of  the  merits  of  the  issues  which  brought 
the  Populist  party  into  existence.  All  I  know  is  that  it  is  chiefly  made  up 
from  the  rank  and  file  of  the  old  Republican  party  of  that  State,  and  that  the 
men  who  compose  it  think  they  have  better  methods  for  the  correction  of  ex¬ 
isting  evils.  They  are  protesting  against  the  present  order  of  things,  and 
certainly  no  one  will  deny  there  is  ground  for  it.  I  do  not  endorse  their 
platform,  but  I  would  be  one  of  the  last  to  condemn  an  honest  protest.” 


792 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


“  Bat,”  said  the  reporter,  “it  always  has  been  understood  that  you  are  a 
strong  Republican.” 

“Why  has  it  been  so  understood?  Simply  because  a  majority  of  the 
national  legislators  who  have  favored  us  have  been  Republicans.  Suppose 
the  Republican  party  of  New  York,  at  its  coming  convention,  refuses  to  en¬ 
dorse  woman  suffrage ;  suppose  the  Democratic  does  endorse  it.  My  action  with 
the  Democrats  would  be  just  what  it  was  with  the  Populists  of  Kansas.  I  am 
for  woman  suffrage  and  will  work  with  any  party  which  will  help  us.  Re¬ 
member  I  say  ‘  with/  not  ‘  for.’  ” 

Miss  Shaw  finished  her  two  months’  engagement  in  Kansas 
and  did  not  return  to  that  State.  Mrs.  Catt  wrote  Miss  An¬ 
thony  a  few  weeks  after  the  conventions  : 

It  is  remarkable  the  difference  of  opinion  that  is  floating  about.  We  hear 
of  Populists  who  are  so  mad  about  the  plank  they  declare  they  will  go  back  to 
the  Democratic  party.  Others,  even  those  who  are  suffragists,  are  so  mad  at 
the  women  for  putting  the  plank  forward  they  say  they  will  vote  against  the 
amendment.  Democrats  say  there  can  be  no  fusion  and  that  will  mean  death 
to  the  Populist  party.  Some  Republicans  say  they  will  not  vote  for  the 
amendment  because  it  is  now  a  Populist  question.  Again  some  Republicans 
and  some  Democrats  say  they  will  vote  the  Populist  ticket  because  of  the 
plank.  From  all  these  varied  ideas  it  is  impossible  to  find  out  whether  we  are 
better  or  worse  off.  ...  At  any  rate,  the  question  now  has  a  political 
standing,  and  it  will  depend  upon  party  developments  where  we  find  our¬ 
selves.  My  own  hope  is  that  it  may  bring  the  Republicans  to  time,  but  if  the 
Populists  say  too  much,  it  may  drive  them  to  secret  opposition,  and  then  we 
are  done  for. 

Miss  Anthony  took  a  much  more  cheerful  view  and  replied 
to  the  various  letters  : 

At  last  one  of  the  dominant  parties  in  a  State,  and  that  one  the  party  in 
power,  has  adopted  a  woman  suffrage  amendment,  and  upon  that  one  plank  I 
have  planted  my  feet.  The  Republicans  by  ignoring  us  give  party  sanction  to 
every  anti-suffrage  man  among  them ;  while  the  Populists’  endorsement  makes 
every  anti-suffrage  man  among  them  feel  that  he  will  be  the  better  Populist 
if  he  vote  “yes.”  .  .  . 

Meantime,  every  Farmers’  Alliance  picnic,  every  school-house  meeting,  will 
be  on  fire  with  the  enthusiasm  born  of  their  party’s  heroic  action;  for  such  it 
was,  in  defiance  of  their  leaders’  command  to  imitate  the  Republicans  and  ig¬ 
nore  the  amendment.  The  900  Republicans  in  the  State  convention  obeyed 
their  masters;  while  68  more  than  one-half  of  the  606  Populists  rebelled 
against  theirs.  Surely  there  is  more  to  hope  from  the  party,  a  majority  of 
whose  men  dare  vote  opinions  against  their  bosses,  than  for  the  one  in  which 
not  a  single  man  dares  even  raise  a  protest.  What  would  our  friends  have 


THE  SECOND  KANSAS  CAMPAIGN. 


793 


had  us  do  ?  Bless  the  Republicans  for  slapping  us  in  the  face,  and  blast  the 
Populists  for  giving  us  a  helping  hand  ? 

Among  the  comforting  letters  which  came  during  these 
troublous  times  was  one  from  Win.  Lloyd  Garrison,  with 
whose  father  she  had  fought  the  battle  of  Abolitionism,  in 
which  he  said  :  li  I  saw  Mrs.  Isabel  Barrows  yesterday  and 
heard  from  her  of  your  weary  journey  together  from  Chicago, 
your  discouragement  regarding  Kansas,  and  the  personal  pain 
occasioned  you  by  untrue  newspaper  reports  and  the  harsh 
criticism  of  friends.  I  write  to  express  my  word  of  sympathy 
and  cheer.  Send  me  a  brief  statement  of  the  Populist  matter 
and  let  me  break  a  lance  in  your  behalf.  A  reformer’s  life  is 
full  of  misrepresentations.  How  little  they  signify  in  the  long 
run  and,  if  they  did  not  wound  the  spirit,  would  not  be  worth 
the  mention.  To  be  misjudged  by  one’s  own  friends  hurts 
more  than  all  the  bitterness  of  the  rest  of  the  world.” 

In  a  public  address  made  this  summer,  Miss  Anthony  re¬ 
ferred  to  the  matter  in  the  following  beautiful  words  : 

Had  the  Republicans  of  Kansas  adopted  a  woman  suffrage  plank,  and  Miss 
Shaw  and  Miss  Anthony  declared  that,  because  of  such  endorsement,  they 
would  prefer  the  success  of  that  party,  nobody  would  have  thought  it  meant 
that  they  had  endorsed  the  whole  Republican  platform,  and  made  themselves 
responsible  for  the  right  conduct  of  every  officer  and  nominee  of  that  party. 

I  was  born  and  reared  a  Quaker,  and  am  one  still ;  I  was  trained  by  my 
father,  a  cotton  manufacturer,  in  the  Henry  Clay  school  of  protection  to 
American  products ;  but  today  all  sectarian  creeds  and  all  political  policies 
sink  into  utter  insignificance  compared  with  the  essence  of  religion  and  the 
fundamental  principle  of  government — equal  rights.  Wherever,  religiously, 
socially,  educationally,  politically,  justice  to  woman  is  preached  and  prac¬ 
ticed,  I  find  a  bond  of  sympathy,  and  I  hope  and  trust  that  henceforth  I 
shall  be  brave  enough  to  express  my  thanks  to  every  individual  and  every 
organization,  popular  or  unpopular,  that  gives  aid  and  comfort  to  our  great 
work  for  the  emancipation  of  woman,  and  through  her  the  redemption  of  the 
world. 

To  a  letter  from  Henry  B.  Blackwell,  urging  her  to  be  non¬ 
partisan  if  she  could  not  be  Republican,  she  replied,  July  9  : 

The  difference  between  yourself  and  me,  and  Mrs.  Johns  and  me,  is  pre¬ 
cisely  this— that  you  two  are  and  have  been  Republicans  per  se,  while  I  have 
been  a  Republican  only  in  so  far  as  the  party  and  its  members  were  more 


794 


LIFE  AMD  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


friendly  to  the  principle  of  woman  suffrage.  I  agree  with  you  that  it  will  be 
in  line  with  Mrs.  Johns’  ideas  for  her  to  work  for  the  Republican  party,  false 
though  its  platform  and  its  managers  are  to  the  pending  amendment ;  but  I 
could  not  do  so.  The  rank  and  file  of  the  Populist  men  of  Kansas  may  not 
possess  equal  book  or  brain  power  with  the  Republicans,  but  they  are  more 
honest  and  earnest  to  establish  justice,  and  337  of  their  delegates  had  man¬ 
hood  enough  to  break  out  of  the  whiskey-Democratic  bargain  which  their 
leaders,  like  the  Republican  fixers,  had  made.  No,  I  shall  not  praise  the 
Republicans  of  Kansas,  or  wish  or  wTork  for  their  success,  when  I  know  by 
their  own  confessions  to  me  that  the  rights  of  the  women  of  their  State  have 
been  traded  by  them  in  cold  blood  for  the  votes  of  the  lager  beer  foreigners 
and  whiskey  Democrats.  .  .  . 

I  have  not  allied  and  shall  not  ally  myself  to  any  party  or  any  measure  save 
the  one  of  justice  and  equality  for  woman ;  but  the  time  has  come  when  I 
strike,  and  proclaim  my  contempt  for  the  tricksters  who  put  their  political 
heel  on  the  rights  of  women  at  the  very  moment  when  their  help  is  most 
needed.  I  never,  in  my  whole  forty  years’  work,  so  utterly  repudiated  any 
set  of  politicians  as  I  do  those  Republicans  of  Kansas.  When  it  is  a  mere 
matter  of  theory,  a  thousand  miles  from  a  practical  question,  they  can  resolve 
pretty  words,  but  when  the  crucial  moment  comes  they  sacrifice  us  without 
conscience  or  honor.  The  hubbub  with  the  Republicans  shows  they  have 
been  struck  in  the  right  place.  I  never  was  surer  of  my  position  that  no  self- 
respecting  woman  should  wish  or  work  for  the  success  of  a  party  which 
ignores  her  political  rights. 

These  few  extracts  from  scores  of  similar  letters,  speeches 
and  interviews,  show  the  position  consistently  and  unflinchingly 
maintained  by  Miss  Anthony,  and  justified  by  many  years  of 
experience  in  such  campaigns.  During  the  summer  of  1894, 
while  she  was  being  thus  harassed,  she  kept  steadily  on,  speak¬ 
ing  and  working  in  the  New  York  campaign  and  preparing  to 
return  to  Kansas  in  the  fall.  She  wrote  to  the  Republican 
and  the  Populist  central  committees,  offering  to  speak  on  the 
suffrage  question  upon  their  platforms.  The  former,  through 
its  chairman,  Cyrus  Leland,  declined  her  offer. 

To  John  W.  Breidenthal,  of  the  People’s  party,  she  wrote  : 
“Do  you  not  think  it  will  be  a  great  deal  better,  both  for  the 
suffrage  amendment  and  the  Populist  party,  if  in  all  the  an¬ 
nouncements  it  shall  be  distinctly  stated  that  Miss  Anthony 
speaks  only  on  the  subject  of  woman’s  enfranchisement  ?”  To 
this  he  replied,  August  6  :  “I  leave  the  matter  entirely  with 
you  whether  you  confine  yourself  only  to  the  suffrage  amend¬ 
ment,  or  whether  you  add  to  that  the  discussion  of  the  other 


THE  SECOND  KANSAS  CAMPAIGN. 


795 


questions  now  attracting  public  attention/’  Meanwhile  she 
had  been  receiving  cheerful  messages  from  the  Populist  women 
of  Kansas,  among  them  a  long  and  cordial  letter  from  Annie 
L.  Diggs,  written  August  16  : 


Nearly  everything  along  the  line  of  my  experience  and  observation  would 
make  you  glad.  I  have  large  audiences,  say  the  best  and  strongest  things  I 
know  for  suffrage  and  always  find  the  heartiest  response.  I  see  more  and 
more  the  wisdom  of  your  insistence  on  platform  mention.  Oh,  I  am  so 
thankful  that  I,  too,  saw  straight  before  it  was  too  late  to  get  the  Populist 
endorsement.  I  have  been  speaking  almost  constantly,  sometimes  twice  a 
day,  and  at  every  meeting  other  speakers  and  candidates  say  the  best  kind  of 
words  for  the  amendment.  Governor  Lewelling  speaks  in  warm  endorse¬ 
ment,  reports  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding.  I  can  not  say  that  he  does 
so  always,  but  he  did  at  the  three  meetings  which  we  held  together.  The 
Populists  who  wanted  to  shake  my  head  off  at  the  convention,  give  me,  if 
possible,  warmer  greetings  than  the  others.  They  are  truly  glad  they  took 
that  righteous  step.  .  .  . 

We  Populists  wish  so  much  for  you  and  Miss  Shaw  to  come  to  Kansas. 
People  constantly  ask  me  if  you  will  talk  for  the  Populists  when  you  come. 
I  answer  that  you  will  talk  suffrage  at  Populist  meetings  and  will  also  say 
that,  inasmuch  as  in  Kansas  the  Populists  endorse  suffrage,  therefore  the 
party  ought  to  win.  Is  not  that  your  intention?  How  I  wish  I  could 
describe  to  you  some  of  the  success  I  have  had  in  talking  to  German  audi¬ 
ences.  But  I  have  not  another  minute  only  to  thank  you  for  your  kind 
words  about  me,  and  to  say  again,  as  I  have  said  so  many  years,  “  I  love  and 
revere  you.” 


Mrs.  Johns  wrote,  August  27 :  “  I  think  the  Republicans 

are  conscious  dimly  of  the  increasing  strength  of  the  Populists. 
It  looks  as  if  they  will  win,  and  it  is  generally  believed  the 
amendment  will  go  through.”  As  late  as  October  12,  Mrs. 
Catt,  who  had  been  speaking  at  suffrage  meetings  for  the  past 


796 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


six  weeks  and  whose  judgment  was  generally  sound,  said  in 
a  letter  from  Hutchinson  : 

After  all  the  vicissitudes,  hard  feelings  and  distresses  of  the  campaign,  it 
begins  to  look  as  if  we  were  going  to  come  in  “on  the  home  stretch.”  The 
last  two  weeks  have  wrought  wonderful  changes.  The  tide  has  set  in  our 
favor.  I  think  the  chief  cause  is  the  published  fact  that  we  are  going  to 
count  the  votes  to  see  how  many  out  of  each  party  are  cast  for  the  amend¬ 
ment,  and  Republicans  understand  they  will  be  in  a  bad  way  if  they  don’t 
make  a  good  showing.  Since  this  came  out,  Morrill  has  spoken  for  the 
amendment.  Judge  Peters,  at  the  big  McKinley  meeting  here,  advocated  it 
and  they  tell  me  it  created  more  enthusiasm  than  anything  else  during  the 
meeting.  Cyrus  Leland  admits  that  it  will  carry.  The  Republicans  are  com¬ 
ing  over  splendidly  and,  if  the  Populists  stand  firm,  we  will  surely  come  in 
with  a  fine  majority.  It  seems  as  if  nothing  can  defeat  us  now. 

Two  weeks  before  the  election,  October  21,  Mr.  Breidenthal 
wrote  her  :  “I  am  confident  the  amendment  will  have  30,000 
majority.”  Miss  Anthony  reached  the  State  October  20  and 
began  her  two  weeks’  tour  the  22d,  speaking  at  Populist  meet¬ 
ings  in  the  largest  cities  up  to  election  day,  November  6.1 
From  the  hour  of  her  arrival  she  realized  there  was  not  a 
shadow  of  hope  for  the  amendment,  and  it  was  marvellous  to 
her  how  the  others  could  have  been  so  deceived. 

At  the  previous  election  when  the  Populists  came  into  power 
it  had  been  through  a  fusion  with  the  Democrats.  This  year 
the  Democrats  had  their  own  ticket,  and  not  only  had  ignored 
the  pleading  of  the  Democratic  women  for  a  suffrage  plank, 
but  had  adopted  a  resolution  denouncing  it.2  The  great  rail¬ 
road  strike  and  its  attendant  evils,  during  that  summer,  were 
attributed  by  many  to  Populistic  sentiment  and  created  a  strong 
prejudice  against  the  party.  The  argument  was  made  that  if  the 
amendment  carried,  the  women  would  feel  so  grateful  to  the 
Populists  that  it  would  result  in  securing  to  them  the  woman’s 

’Miss  Anthony  did  not  receive  a  dollar  for  her  services  during  the  year  in  Kansas,  and 
was  enabled  to  make  the  three  trips  there  solely  through  the  kindness  of  her  brother 
Daniel  R.,  who  furnished  transportation.  It  was  also  by  his  assistance  that  she  had  made 
her  long  railroad  journeys  from  east  to  west  during  the  past  thirty  years. 

fifteenth.— We  oppose  woman  suffrage  as  tending  to  destroy  the  home  and  family,  the 
true  basis  of  political  safety,  and  express  the  hope  that  the  helpmeet  and  guardian  of  the 
family  sanctuary  may  not  be  dragged  from  the  modest  purity  of  self-imposed  seclusion  to 
be  thrown  unwillingly  into  the  unfeminine  places  of  political  strife. 


THE  SECOND  KANSAS  CAMPAIGN. 


797 


vote,  thus  keeping  them  in  power.  This  induced  many  to 
vote  against  it  who  disliked  Populism,  and  it  decided  a  num¬ 
ber  of  even  those  Republicans  who  believed  in  woman  suffrage 
to  reject  the  amendment  this  year  rather  than  allow  the  Popu¬ 
lists  to  have  the  credit  of  carrying  it.  To  destroy  the  last  hope, 
word  came  from  Colorado  that  the  People’s  party  was  about  to 
be  defeated  there.  It  was  the  first  time  for  the  women  of  that 
State  to  vote  and,  while  there  was  no  evidence  to  prove  that 
they  were  responsible,  the  bare  possibility  was  enough  to 
stampede  the  Kansas  Populists  and  prevent  their  giving  the 
ballot  to  the  women  of  that  State. 

The  amendment  was  lost  by  34,827  votes;  95,302  for;  130,139 
against.  The  total  vote  cast  for  governor  was  299,231;  total  vote 
on  suffrage  amendment,  225,441  ;  not  voting  on  amendment, 
73,790.  There  was  an  attempt  to  keep  count  of  the  ballots  ac¬ 
cording  to  parties,  but  it  was  not  successful  and  there  was  no 
way  of  correctly  estimating  the  political  complexion  of  the 
vote.  The  vote  for  Governor  Morrill  lacked  only  1,800  of  that 
for  the  other  three  candidates  combined,  which  shows  how 
easily  the  Republican  party  might  have  carried  the  amend¬ 
ment.  Subtracting  the  5,000  Prohibition  votes  which  it  was 
conceded  were  cast  for  the  amendment,  it  lacked  28,000  of  re¬ 
ceiving  as  many  votes  as  were  cast  for  the  Populist  candidate 
for  governor.  Since  some  Republicans  must  have  voted  for  it, 
the  figures  prove  that  a  vast  number  of  Populists  did  not  do 
so.  In  Miss  Anthony’s  journal  on  the  night  of  the  election 
she  wrote  :  “  Our  friends  remembered  to  forget  to  vote  for  the 

suffrage  amendment,  while  not  an  enemy  forgot  to  remember 
to  stamp  his  ticket  against  it.” 

Though  she  had  expected  defeat,  her  regret  was  none  the 
less  keen.  In  all  the  past  years  she  had  given  more  time  and 
work  to  Kansas  than  to  any  other  State,  even  her  own.  Her 
hopes  had  been  centered  there.  It  having  been  the  first  State 
to  grant  school  suffrage  and  the  first  to  grant  municipal  suffrage 
to  women,  she  had  confidently  expected  that  when  the  amend¬ 
ment  for  full  suffrage  was  again  submitted  it  would  be  carried. 
The  events  of  the  campaign  confirmed  her  belief  that  the  grant- 


798 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


ing  of  municipal  suffrage  is  a  hindrance  rather  than  a  help 
toward  securing  full  enfranchisement.  By  its  exercise  women 
naturally  become  partisan,  show  the  influence  they  can  wield 
through  the  ballot,  and  thereby  create  enmities  and  arouse  an¬ 
tagonisms  which  bitterly  oppose  any  further  extension  of  this 
power.  She  resolved  henceforth  to  advise  women  not  to  at¬ 
tempt  to  secure  fragmentary  suffrage,  but  to  demand  the  whole 
right  and  work  for  nothing  less. 


CHAPTER  XLIV. 


THE  SOUTHERN  TRIP - THE  ATLANTA  CONVENTION. 

1895. 

HE  day  following  the  Kansas  election,  November 
7,  1894,  Miss  Anthony  started  at  10  o’clock  in 
the  morning  for  Beatrice,  Neb.,  to  make  the 
opening  speech  at  the  State  Suffrage  Convention  ; 
arrived  at  6  p.  m.,  took  a  cup  of  tea,  dressed  and, 
without  having  had  one  moment’s  rest,  found  herself  at  the  opera 
house  in  the  presence  of  a  splendid  audience.  After  she  was 
seated  on  the  platform  a  telegram  was  handed  her  saying  the 
suffrage  amendment  had  been  lost  in  Kansas  by  an  immense 
majority.  Yet,  in  spite  of  the  terrible  physical  strain  of  the 
past  weeks  and  in  the  face  of  this  stunning  news,  it  is  said 
she  never  made  a  stronger,  more  logical  and  comprehensive 
speech  than  on  this  occasion.  She  reviewed  the  amendment 
campaigns  of  the  last  twenty-five  years,  describing  the  causes 
of  defeat  or  success,  and  pointing  out  the  necessity  of  educa¬ 
tional  effort  beginning  with  the  primaries  and  continuing 
through  all  the  conventions  and  political  meetings  up  to  the 
very  day  of  election. 

Although  she  received  urgent  invitations  to  speak  at  various 
points  in  the  State,  she  declined  all  and  left  the  next  morning 
early  for  Leavenworth  ;  and  the  day  following,  November 9,  was 
on  her  way  eastward.  After  a  day  in  Chicago  she  went  directly 
to  Philadelphia,  where  she  attended  a  reception  given  by  the 
New  Century  Club  to  Mary  Mapes  Dodge  ;  had  several  busi¬ 
ness  meetings  regarding  the  affairs  of  the  national  association  ; 
then  hastened  by  night  train  to  the  New  York  convention  at 

(799) 


800  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

Ithaca.  Here  again,  without  a  clay’s  rest,  she  made  a  stir¬ 
ring  address  to  an  audience  which  packed  the  opeia  house  to 
the  top  row  of  the  upper  gallery,  sat  on  the  steps  and  filled  the 
aisles.  The  convention  was  welcomed  by  the  mayor  of  Ithaca 
and  President  Schurmann,  of  Cornell.  The  latter  invited  the 
officers  and  delegates  to  visit  the  university  and  accompanied 
them  on  their  tour  of  inspection.  Miss  Anthony  spoke  to 
the  girls  of  Sage  College  after  dinner,  gave  them  many  new 
ideas  long  to  be  remembered,  and  was  received  with  enthusi¬ 
asm  and  affection. 

The  next  evening,  November  15,  she  returned  to  Rochester. 
She  had  just  concluded  two  of  the  hardest  campaigns  ever 
made  for  woman  suffrage  ;  for  almost  one  year  she  had  found 
no  rest  for  the  sole  of  her  foot,  not  an  hour’s  respite  for  the 
tired  brain,  and  yet  the  letters  and  the  entries  in  the  journal 
show  her  to  be  as  cheerful,  as  philosophical,  as  full  of  hopeful 
plans,  as  ever  she  had  been  in  all  her  long  and  busy  life. 
After  just  one  day  at  home  she  started  for  Cleveland.  The 
W.  C.  T.  U.  were  holding  a  national  convention  in  that  city 
and  were  to  have  a  great  “  gospel  suffrage  ”  meeting  in  Music 
Hall,  Sunday  afternoon,  which  she  was  invited  to  address. 
The  Cleveland  Leader,  in  describing  the  occasion,  said  : 

Miss  Willard,  the  chieftain  of  the  white  ribbon  army,  introduced  Miss 
Anthony,  the  chieftain  of  the  yellow  ribbon  army,  saying:  “  Once  we  would 
not  have  allowed  the  yellow  ribbon  to  be  so  generously  displayed  here.  Had 
its  wearers  asked  us  to  admit  it  with  the  white  we  might  have  voted  it  down , 
but  the  yellow  badge  of  the  suffragists  looks  natural  now.  The  golden  rule 
has  done  it.  Well  do  I  remember  that  in  the  hard  struggle  mother  and  I  had 
in  paying  the  taxes  on  our  little  home,  no  man  appeared  to  pay  them  for  us. 
Had  I  been  condemned  to  death  I  would  not  have  expected  a  man  to  startup 
and  take  my  place.  Susan  B.  Anthony— she  of  the  senatorial  mind— wall  be 
remembered  when  the  politicians  of  today  have  long  been  doomed  to  ‘  innoc¬ 
uous  desuetude.’  ”  Miss  Willard  then  quoted  a  few  familiar  lines  ending 
with  the  sentence,  “And  Susan  B.  Anthony  has  been  ordained  of  God  to  lead 
us  on.” 

Miss  Anthony  was  greeted  with  a  rousing  Chautauqua  salute.  “I  am 
delighted  beyond  measure,”  she  said,  “  that  at  last  the  women  of  this  great 
national  body  have  found  there  is  only  one  way  by  which  they  can  reach 
their  desired  end,  and  that  is  by  the  ballot.  What  is  ‘  gospel  suffrage  ?  ’  It 
is  a  system  by  which  truth  and  justice  might  be  made  the  uppermost  princi- 


THE  SOUTHERN  TRIP - THE  ATLANTA  CONVENTION.  801 


pies  of  government.  Every  election  is  the  solution  of  a  mathematical  prob¬ 
lem,  the  figuring  out  of  what  the  majority  desire.  We  have  in  this  country 
mercantile,  mining,  manufacturing  and  all  kinds  of  business  by  -which  money 
can  be  made.  The  interests  of  every  one  of  these  are  put  into  the  political 
scale,  but  when  the  moral  issues  are  put  in  the  other  side  the  material  pull 
them  down.  Why  ?  Because  the  moral  issues  are  not  weighted  with  votes. 
The  men  who  are  associated  with  women  in  movements  of  reform  get  no 
more  in  the  way  of  legislation  than  do  women  themselves,  because  when 
they  go  to  the  legislatures  or  to  Congress  they  have  back  of  them  only  a  dis¬ 
franchised  class. 

“  If  you  would  have  your  requests  granted  your  legislators  must  know  that 
you  are  a  part  of  a  body  of  constituents  who  stand  with  ballots  in  their 
hands.  Women,  we  might  as  well  be  dogs  baying  the  moon  as  petitioners 
without  the  power  to  vote !  If  you  have  no  care  for  yourselves,  you  should 
at  least  take  pity  on  the  men  associated  with  you  in  your  good  works.  So 
long  as  State  constitutions  say  that  all  may  vote  when  twenty-one,  save 
idiots,  lunatics,  convicts  and  women,  you  are  brought  down  politically  to  the 
level  of  those  others  disfranchised.  This  discrimination  is  a  relic  of  the  dark 
ages.  The  most  ignorant  and  degraded  man  who  walks  to  the  polls  feels 
himself  superior  to  the  most  intelligent  woman.  We  should  demand  the 
wiping  out  of  all  legislation  which  keeps  us  disfranchised. 

Almost  every  sentence  of  this  brief  address  was  punctuated 
with  applause  from  the  immense  audience. 

Always  when  in  Cleveland  Miss  Anthony  was  a  guest  at  the 
palatial  home  of  Mrs.  Louisa  South  worth.  At  this  time,  with 
her  hostess’  permission,  she  had  summoned  the  entire  National  - 
American  Board  to  a  business  meeting,  and  all  were  enter¬ 
tained  under  this  hospitable  roof.  For  thirty  years  Mrs. 
South  worth  had  been  among  the  leading  representatives  of 
the  suffrage  movement  in  northern  Ohio,  and  during  all  that 
time  had  been  Miss  Anthony’s  staunch  and  unfailing  friend. 
She  had  given  thousands  of  dollars  to  the  suffrage  cause,  and 
hundreds  to  Miss  Anthony  for  her  personal  use.  On  this  occa¬ 
sion  she  presented  her  with  $1,000  to  open  the  much  desired 
national  headquarters.  One  such  supporter  in  every  State 
would  win  many  battles  which  are  lost  because  of  insufficient 
funds  to  do  the  necessary  work. 

Miss  Anthony  soon  afterwards  went  to  New  York  to  prepare 
with  Mrs.  Stanton  the  call  and  resolutions  for  the  approaching 
national  convention,  and  to  revise  the  article  on  “  Woman’s 
Ant. — 51 


802 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Rights”  for  Johnson’s  new  edition  of  the  Encyclopedia.  She 
was  the  guest  of  her  cousin,  Mrs.  Semantha  Vail  Lapham, 
whose  home  overlooked  Central  Park.  Mrs.  Stanton’s  cosy 
flat  was  on  the  other  side,  and  through  this  lovely  pleasure 
ground  each  bright  day  Miss  Anthony  took  her  morning  walk. 
When  the  weather  was  inclement  she  was  sent  in  the  carriage, 
and  the  two  old  friends  talked  and  worked  together  as  they 
had  done  so  many  times  in  days  gone  by. 

The  evenings  were  spent  with  her  cousin  and  various  friends 
and  relatives.  Once  they  dined  with  a  kinsman  in  his  ele¬ 
gant  Tiffany  apartments.  She  and  Mrs.  Stanton,  Mrs.  Jose¬ 
phine  Shaw  Lowell,  Mrs.  Henry  M.  Sanders  and  Mrs.  George 
Putnam,  had  a  delightful  luncheon  with  Dr.  Mary  Putnam 
Jacobi.  She  was  invited  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edward  Lauter- 
bach  to  hear  the  opera  of  Faust,  which  was  followed  by  a 
supper  at  the  Waldorf.  With  a  relative  she  attended  the 
“  Authors’  Uncut  Leaves  Club,”  at  Sherry’s.  One  Sunday 
she  went  to  hear  Robert  Collyer  and  the  diary  says  :  “  His 

grand  face,  his  rich  voice,  his  white  hair,  were  all  as  attrac¬ 
tive  as  ever  ;  he  was  a  beautiful  picture  in  the  pulpit.  He 
gave  me  a  cordial  greeting  at  the  close  of  the  sermon.  ”  She  ran 
over  to  Orange  for  a  few  days  with  a  loved  cousin,  Ellen  Hoxie 
Squier  ;  and  then  on  down  to  Philadelphia  and  Somerton  for 
a  little  visit  with  the  friends  there,  of  which  she  writes:  ‘  ‘  Rachel 
and  I  had  a  soul-to-soul  talk  all  the  day  long  and  until  after  mid¬ 
night.”  She  was  a  guest  at  the  Foremothers’  Dinner,  Decem¬ 
ber  22,  given  at  Jaeger’s  by  the  New  York  City  Woman  Suf¬ 
frage  League,  Lillie  Devereux  Blake,  president,  with  nearly 
300  prominent  women  at  the  table.1  The  dinner  and  the 
speeches  lasted  until  after  5  o’clock,  Miss  Anthony  responding 
to  the  toast,  “  Our  Future  Policy.” 

i 

Thus  a  month  slipped  pleasantly  by,  and  then,  with  the 
work  all  finished,  the  body  rested  and  the  mind  refreshed,  she 
returned  home  to  spend  Christmas.  The  two  sisters  dined 
with  Dr.  and  Mrs.  F.  H.  Sanford  and  a  few  old-time  friends, 

1  At  these  annual  feasts  gentlemen  are  permitted  to  sit  in  the  gallery,  listen  to  the  toasts 
and  watch  the  ladies  enjoy  the  dinner. 


THE  SOUTHERN  TRIP - THE  ATLANTA  CONVENTION.  803 

and  passed  a  happy  day.  Among  the  numerous  Christmas 
remembrances  were  several  pieces  of  fine  china  and  an  elegant 
velvet  cloak  from  Mrs.  Gross.1 

On  December  30,  Miss  Anthony  received  word  of  the  death 
of  her  old  co-worker,  Amelia  Bloomer,  at  Council  Bluffs,  la., 
aged  seventy-seven,  and  sent  a  telegram  of  sympathy  to  the 
husband.  A  death  felt  most  keenly  in  1894  was  that  of 
Virginia  L.  Minor,  of  St.  Louis,  August  14,  which  closed  a 
beautiful  and  unbroken  friendship  of  thirty  years.  She  left 
Miss  Anthony  a  testimonial  of  her  love  and  confidence  in  a 
legacy  of  $1,000. 

The  year  ended  amidst  the  usual  pressure  of  requests,  in¬ 
vitations  and  engagements.  Would  she  lecture  for  the  Art 
League,  fox  the  Musical  Society,  for  the  Church  Guild  and  for 
a  dozen  other  organizations  of  whose  purposes  she  knew  prac¬ 
tically  nothing?  Would  she  accept  a  “  reception  ”  from  the 
Scribblers’  Club  of  Buffalo?  Would  she  send  a  package  of 
documents  to  the  girls  of  Vassar  College,  who  were  going  to 
debate  woman  suffrage?  Would  she  please  reply  to  the  fol¬ 
lowing  questions,  from  various  newspapers:  “Have  not 
women  as  many  rights  now  as  men  have?  What  is  woman’s 
ideal  existence  and  what  woman  has  most  nearly  attained  it  ? 
Have  you  formed  any  resolutions  for  the  coming  vear,  and 
what  has  been  the  fate  of  former  New  Year’s  resolutions?  ” 
and  so  on,  ad  infinitum. 

The  “woman’s  edition  ”  fever  raged  with  great  violence  at 
this  time,  and  it  is  not  an  exaggeration  to  say  that  the  editors 
of  ninety-nine  hundredths  of  them  wrote  to  Miss  Anthony  for 
an  article.  Of  course  it  was  an  impossibility  to  comply,  but 
occasionally  some  request  struck  her  so  forcibly  that  she  made 
time  for  an  answer.  For  instance,  the  woman’s  edition  of  the 
Elmira  Daily  Advertiser  was  for  the  purpose  of  helping  the 
Young  Men’s  Christian  Association,  and  to  its  editor,  Mrs.  J. 
Sloat  Fassett,  she  wrote  : 

1  During  this  year  Mrs.  Gross  had  presented  Miss  Anthony  with  $1,000  to  complete  the  edu¬ 
cation  of  a  nephew  and  niece. 


804 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


I  should  feel  vastly  more  interested  in,  and  earnest  to  aid  the  Y.  M.  C.  A., 
if  the  men  composing  it  were,  as  a  body,  helping  to  educate  the  people  into 
the  recognition  of  the  right  of  their  mothers  and  sisters  to  an  equal  voice 
with  themselves  in  the  government  of  the  city,  State  and  nation.  Neverthe¬ 
less,  I  avail  myself  of  your  kindly  request,  and  urge  all  to  study  the  intricate 
problem  of  bettering  the  world ;  not  merely  the  individual  sufferings  in  it, 
but  the  general  conditions.  Such  study  will  show  the  great  need  of  a  new 
balance  of  power  in  the  body  politic ;  and  the  conscientious  student  must 
arrive  at  the  conclusion  that  this  will  have  to  be  obtained  by  enfranchising  a 
new  class — women.  If  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  really  desire  to  make  better  moral 
and  social  conditions  possible,  they  should  hasten  to  obey  the  injunction  of 
St.  Paul,  and  “help  those  women”  who  are  working  to  secure  enfranchise¬ 
ment. 

Miss  Anthony  received  soon  after  this  a  consignment  of 
pamphlets,  etc.,  that  she  had  ordered  printed,  on  the  outside 
of  which  the  manager  of  the  printing  house,  a  man  entirely 
unknown  to  her,  had  written : 

“A  wreath,  twine  a  wreath  for  the  brave  and  the  true, 

Who,  for  love  of  the  many,  dared  stand  with  the  few.” 

Among  the  pleasant  letters  was  one  from  Mrs.  Mary  B.  Wil¬ 
lard,  who  was  then  abroad,  in  which  she  said:  “I  am  so 
glad  that  you  live  on  to  know  how  much  you  are  loved  and  to 
enjoy  the  fruit  of  your  blessed  labors.’7  One  invitation  which 
Miss  Anthony  especially  appreciated  came  from  Rev.  Jenkin 
Lloyd  Jones,  of  Chicago,  editor  of  Unity  and  pastor  of  All 
Souls  church  :  “I  am  sure  your  heart  goes  out  with  us  in  our 
dreams  as  represented  by  the  enclosed  printed  matter.1  One 
number  of  the  program  is,  ‘What  is  woman’s  part  in  this 
larger  synthesis,’  or  ‘What  can  woman  do  for  liberal  relig¬ 
ion?’  I  enclose  Dr.  Thomas’  letter  that  it  may  reinforce  my 
own  pleading  that  you  should  come  and  speak  on  this  topic. 
Phrase  it  yourself.  Pour  your  whole  heart  into  it.  Make  it 
the  speech  of  your  life.  Give  your  large  religious  nature  free¬ 
dom.  We  will  pay  all  your  expenses  and  I  do  hope  you  will 
make  an  effort  to  come.  We  will  give  you  from  thirty  to  forty 
minutes,  then  we  would  want  to  ask  one  or  two  women  to  fol¬ 
low  in  the  discussion,  perhaps  a  Jewess  and  may  be  some 

1 A  plan  for  a  great  Liberal  Religious  Congress,  thef  outgrowth  of  the  Parliament  of  Religions 
in  1893. 


THE  SOUTHERN  TRIP - THE  ATLANTA  CONVENTION.  805 


woman  who  represents  the  independent  church,  like  Dr. 
Thomas’  and  Prof.  Swing’s.  ...” 

Dr.  H.  W.  Thomas’  letter  said  in  part  :  “  Your  suggestion 

is  wise  ;  no  other  can  perhaps  so  fittingly  and  ably  represent 
the  larger  place  and  work  of  woman  as  Susan  B.  Anthony.  It 
will  honor  her  and  help  the  cause  to  have  her  speak  at  the 
congress.  Bless  her  dear  soul,  how  I  would  like  to  see  her — 
to  hear  her — to  have  her  one  with  us — her  counsel,  her  spirit, 
her  great  heart  of  love  and  hope  so  much  like  the  Christ.” 

After  the  receipt  of  Miss  Anthony’s  reply  Dr.  Jones  wrote 
again  :  “I  received  your  modest  protest  against  being  made, 
as  you  are,  one  of  the  vice-presidents  of  the  Liberal  Congress 
organization  ;  but  the  very  reason  you  urged  against  it  is  the 
very  reason  for  putting  you  on.  We  want  you  not  for  what 
you  can  do  but  for  what  you  are.  We  can  not  take  the  con¬ 
gress  into  the  polemics  of  the  woman  question,  but  George 
Washington  went  into  the  first  Continental  Congress  with  his 
uniform  on,  said  nothing,  yet  that  was  his  speech.  So  we  or¬ 
ganize  with  Susan  B.  Anthony’s  name  among  our  vice-presi¬ 
dents,  and  this  is  our  war  speech  on  that  question.  Do  let 
your  name  stay  there.  .  .  .  Ever  rejoicing  in  your  work  and 
its  slowly  approaching  triumph,  I  am,  brotherly  yours.” 

The  New  Year  of  1895  promised  less  in  the  way  of  work  and 
anxiety  than  the  one  which  had  just  closed.  There  were  to  be  no 
State  amendment  campaigns  with  their  annoying  complexi¬ 
ties,  their  arduous  labors,  their  usual  defeats.  So  many  capa¬ 
ble  and  energetic  women  had  come  into  the  national  organiza¬ 
tion  that  Miss  Anthony  was  relieved  of  much  of  the  burden 
which  used  to  rest  upon  her  in  the  olden  times,  when  she  had 
to  attend  personally  to  details  of  arrangement  and  assume  the 
financial  responsibility.  She  found  it  difficult  at  first  to  adapt 
herself  to  the  new  regime,  but  soon  learned  to  have  confidence 
in  the  judgment  and  ability  of  her  much-loved  “body  guard,” 
as  she  liked  to  call  the  official  board.  It  wTas  not  so  easy  for 
others  of  the  old  workers  to  accept  the  new  order  of  things, 
and  they  rebelled  occasionally  against  the  “  red  tape  ”  require¬ 
ments  of  this  executive  body.  To  one  of  these  Miss  Anthony 


806 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


wrote  :  “  My  dear,  what  we  older  ones  all  have  to  learn  is  that 
these  young  and  active  women  now  doing  the  drudgery  in  each 
of  the  forty-five  States,  must  be  consulted  and  must  have  a  vote 
on  all  questions  pertaining  to  the  association,  and  we  must 
abide  by  the  decision  of  the  majority.  This  is  what  I  am  try¬ 
ing  to  learn.  No  one  or  two  can  manage  now,  but  all  must 
have  a  voice/’ 

The  voluminous  correspondence  shows,  however,  that  the 
new  workers  were  very  glad  to  feel  the  touch  of  her  firm  and 
experienced  hand  on  the  helm,  and  that  usually  she  was  con¬ 
sulted  on  every  point.  She  especially  impressed  upon  them 
the  necessity  of  keeping  the  financial  accounts  with  the  strict¬ 
est  care  and  accuracy,  and  for  a  number  of  years  would  not 
allow  a  report  to  be  published  until  she  herself  had  examined 
every  detail.  At  one  time  when  two  contributions  had  been 
accidentally  omitted  from  the  statement  sent  for  her  inspection, 
she  wrote  :  “Not  finding  those  two  in  your  copy  congealed 
the  blood  to  the  very  ends  of  my  fingers  and  toes,  lest  the 
givers  should  think  I  had  not  sent  their  money  to  you.” 

New  Year’s  Day  twelve  friends  were  gathered  around  the 
Anthony  table,  the  Gannetts,  the  Greenleafs,  the  Sanfords, 
Mrs.  Hallowell  and  Mrs.  Willis,  and  the  occasion  was  a  pleas¬ 
ant  one.  A  week  later  Miss  Anthony  started  on  an  extended 
southern  trip.  There  had  been  practically  no  suffrage  work 
done  in  the  South,  with  the  exception  of  Kentucky,  Tennes¬ 
see,  Missouri  and  Louisiana.  As  the  national  convention 
was  to  meet  in  Atlanta,  Miss  Anthony  thought  it  advisable  to 
make  a  lecture  tour  through  the  South  to  arouse  a  sentiment 
which  might  be  felt  there  a  month  later.  She  invited  Mrs. 
Chapman  Catt  to  accompany  her,  guaranteeing  her  expenses 
although  she  had  no  assurance  she  would  be  able  to  make 
even  her  own. 

At  Lexington  they  were  guests  in  the  fine  old  home  of  Mrs. 
Mary  J.  Warfield  Clay  and  daughter  Laura,  and  spoke  in  the 
Christian  church  to  a  sympathetic  audience.  They  held  meet¬ 
ings  at  Wilmore,  Louisville,  Owensboro,  Paducah  and  Milan, 
receiving  many  social  courtesies  at  each  place  visited,  and  they 


THE  SOUTHERN  TRIP — THE  ATLANTA  CONVENTION.  807 


reached  Memphis  January  17.  The  management  here  was  in 
the  capable  hands  of  the  Woman’s  Council  and  a  fine  audience 
greeted  them  at  the  Young  Men’s  Hebrew  Association  Hall. 
They  were  introduced  by  their  hostess,  Mrs.  Lide  Meriwether, 
president  of  the  Equal  Suffrage  Club,  and  cordially  received. 
The  Appeal,  Avalanche  and  Scimitar  gave  long  and  interest¬ 
ing  reports.  The  next  morning  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Catt 
were  handsomely  entertained  by  the  ladies  of  the  Nineteenth 
Century  Club.  In  the  afternoon  Mrs.  Mary  Jameson  Judah, 
president  of  the  Woman’s  Club,  gave  a  reception  in  their 
honor.  Saturday  morning  they  were  guests  of  the  Colored 
Women’s  Club  ;  in  the  afternoon  the  Woman’s  Council,  com¬ 


posed  of  forty-six  local  clubs,  tendered  a  large  reception,  and 
in  the  evening  they  lectured  again.  Sunday  morning  they 
spoke  in  the  Tabernacle  to  the  colored  people  ;  and  they  left  at 
5.30  p.  m.  feeling  they  had  not  wasted  much  time  at  Memphis. 

They  reached  New  Orleans  Monday  morning  ;  were  met  at 
the  train  by  the  president  and  seA^eral  members  of  the  Portia 
Club,  and  escorted  to  the  residence  of  Judge  Merrick.  Each  of 
the  daily  papers  contained  lengthy  and  excellent  mention  of 
the  lectures.  The  Picayune  said  at  the  beginning  of  a  four- 
column  report : 

If  any  one  doubted  the  interest  that  southern  women  feel  in  the  all-absorb¬ 
ing  question  of  the  day,  “  Woman  and  her  Rights,”  that  idea  would  have 
forever  been  dispelled  by  a  glance  at  the  splendid  audience  assembled  last 
night  to  hear  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony,  the  world-famed  apostle  of  woman 
suffrage,  and  Mrs.  Carrie  Chapman  Catt,  the  distinguished  western  leader. 
The  hall  was  literally  packed  to  overflowing,  not  only  with  women  but  with 


808  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

men,  prominent  representatives  in  every  walk  of  life.  Standing  room  was  at 
a  premium,  corridors  and  windows  were  filled  with  a  sea  of  earnest,  inter¬ 
ested  faces,  the  name  of  Miss  Anthony  was  on  every  lip,  and  all  eyes  were 
directed  to  the  platform,  which  was  beautifully  decorated  with  palms  and  pot¬ 
ted  plants,  the  suffrage  color,  yellow,  predominating  among  the  verdant 
foliage. 

Seated  upon  the  platform  were  the  four  ladies  who  have  successively  filled 
the  position  of  president  of  the  Portia  Club,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Lyle  Saxon,  Mrs. 
Caroline  E.  Merrick,  Mrs.  Evelyn  B.  Ordway  and  Miss  Florence  Huberwald. 
The  entrance  of  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Catt  was  the  signal  for  a  burst  of 
applause,  which  rose  into  an  ovation  when  Miss  Huberwald,  in  a  few  grace¬ 
ful  words,  presented  Mrs.  Merrick,  who  in  turn  introduced  Miss  Anthony 
as  the  most  famous  woman  in  America.  When  the  applause  subsided,  Miss 
Anthony,  whose  voice  is  singularly  sweet  and  clear,  began  to  speak. 

She  was  presented  with  a  basket  of  flowers  and  a  bouquet 
from  Mrs.  J.  M.  Ferguson,  president  of  the  Arena  club.  At  the 
close  hundreds  pressed  forward  to  take  the  hands  of  the 
speakers. 

They  left  this  charming  and  hospitable  city  Wednesday 
evening,  Mrs.  Catt  going  to  Greenville,  Miss  Anthony  to 
Shreveport.  Here  she  was  entertained  by  Mrs.  M.  F.  Smith 
and  Professor  C.  E.  Byrd,  principal  of  the  high  school.  The 
Hypatia  Club  sent  her  two  lovely  floral  offerings.  Of  her 
lecture  the  Times  said  editorially : 

This  veteran  apostle  of  woman’s  rights  addressed  a  magnificent  audience 
last  evening  at  the  court-house,  a  representative  assemblage  comprising  all 
the  best  elements  of  all  the  best  classes  of  Shreveport’s  citizens,  and  one 
which  was  equally  divided  between  men  and  women.  Miss  Anthony  is 
certainly  a  remarkable  woman  in  every  respect,  and  one  whose  genius  will 
leave  its  mark  not  only  on  the  recorded  history  of  the  nineteenth  century, 
but  in  the  advanced  position  of  woman  now  and  for  all  time  to  come.  She 
was  one  of  the  first  women  in  America  to  raise  her  voice  in  advocacy  of 
woman’s  rights,  and  she  has  lived  to  see  herself  and  her  sisters  gradually 
released  from  legalized  bondage  and,  in  everything  but  suffrage,  made  the 
full  equal  of  man.  No  one  can  deny  that  her  claims  are  founded  on  justice ; 
and  in  the  light  of  cold  and  clear  reason,  divested  of  all  sentiment  and 
cleansed  of  all  prejudice,  her  arguments  can  not  be  successfully  controverted. 

By  failure  of  the  train  to  connect  with  the  ferry  she  was  un¬ 
able  to  join  Mrs.  Catt  and  keep  her  appointment  at  Jackson. 
When,  after  waiting  two  hours,  she  finally  reached  that  sta¬ 
tion  at  half-past  nine,  she  found  a  message  from  Mrs.  Catt 


THE  SOUTHERN  TRIP - THE  ATLANTA  CONVENTION.  809 


that  she  was  holding  a  magnificent  audience  for  her.  Accord¬ 
ing  to  her  journal  she  “  was  too  oozed-out  even  to  be  looked 
at,  much  less  to  try  to  speak  in  the  House  of  Representatives 
packed  with  the  flower  of  southern  chivalry  ;  ”  so  she  went 
on  to  Birmingham.  Here  she  found  inadequate  arrangements 
had  been  made  and  a  northern  blizzard  interfered  with  her 
meetings.  The  News,  however,  gave  an  excellent  two-column 
account  beginning  : 

Only  a  moderate  audience  greeted  Susan  B.  Anthony,  the  chief  suffrage 
leader  in  the  United  States,  but  that  audience  was  cultured  and  able  to  appre¬ 
ciate  the  very  energetic,  clear-minded  and  vigorous  woman,  whose  name  is  as 
well-known  as  that  of  any  man  in  the  Union,  and  who  has  done  more  than 
any  other  woman  to  prove,  by  her  strong  and  unique  personality,  the  mental 
equality  of  woman  with  man  and  her  fitness  for  the  things  sought  to  be 
entrusted  to  her  care,  share  and  share  alike  with  the  sterner  sex.  After  a 
graceful  introduction  by  Colonel  J.  W.  Bush,  the  lecturer  plunged  at  once 
with  ease  and  distinction  into  her  subject  and  line  of  argument.  .  .  .  She 

is  a  very  able  and  incisive  speaker,  talks  fluently  and  distinctly,  and  makes 
easy  and  graceful  gestures.  In  a  word,  she  is  as  good  a  lecturer  as  a  good 
man-lecturer. 


They  spoke  in  the  opera  house  at  New  Decatur,  and  were  the 
guests  of  Mrs.  E.  S.  Hildreth.  At  Huntsville  they  were  en¬ 
tertained  by  Mrs.  Milton  Hume,  and  introduced  to  the  audi¬ 
ence  by  Mrs.  Clay-Klopton.  The  Evening  Tribune  headed  its 
report,  “Grand  and  Enthusiastic  Meeting;  Eloquent  Ad¬ 
dresses  Presented  by  Noble  and  Gifted  Women  ;  ”  and  said  : 

Much  to  the  surprise  of  a  great  many,  the  city  hall  was  filled  last  night  with 
a  very  large  and  intelligent  audience  of  ladies  and  gentlemen.  .  .  .  Miss 

Anthony  spoke  for  an  hour  in  a  plain,  unassuming  manner,  but  ably  and 
learnedly.  She  has  been  an  active  worker  for  more  than  forty  years  in  this 
cause  and  now,  at  life’s  closing  hours,  sees  the  right  accorded  woman  in  the 
States  of  Wyoming  and  Colorado,  and  the  cause  gaining  momentum  as  intel¬ 
ligence  spreads  and  the  blessings  become  known  which  follow  in  the  pathway 
of  woman’s  ballot.  No  one  can  look  upon  the  face  of  that  venerated,  noble 
woman,  who  has  grown  gray  in  her  life-work,  and  not  be  impressed  that  there 
has  been  something  more  than  sentiment,  more  than  a  cranky  idea,  impelling 
her  in  all  these  long,  sacrificing  years. 

Mrs.  Chapman  Catt  as  completely  charmed  as  she  surprised  the  large  au¬ 
dience.  She  is  a  young  woman  of  winning  personality,  as  beautiful  as  she  is 
brilliant,  with  a  command  of  language  and  convincing  eloquence  that  would 
do  credit  to  the  matchless  Prentiss.  .  .  . 


810 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


The  next  day,  with  Mrs.  Alberta  Chapman  Taylor,  they 
started  for  Atlanta,  joining  the  Kentucky  delegation  at  Knox¬ 
ville  and  reaching  their  destination  at  noon.  The  headquarters 
were  at  the  Aragon,  where  they  found  a  large  number  of  dele¬ 
gates,  warm  rooms  and  everything  bright  and  comfortable, 
with  the  promise  of  a  fine  meeting. 

The  Twenty-seventh  Annual  Convention  opened  at  De  Give’s 
opera  house,  January  31,  continuing  six  days.  Ninety-three 
delegates  were  present  from  twenty-eight  states,  numbers  were 
in  attendance  from  southern  cities,  and  the  people  of  Atlanta 
turned  out  en  masse.  An  evidence  of  the  interest  taken  in  this 
convention  is  the  fact  that  a  number  of  the  New  York  papers 
had  daily  reports  of  several  thousand  words  telegraphed,  and 
the  large  newspapers  throughout  the  country  had  extended  ac¬ 
counts.  The  Atlanta  Constitution  had  had  columns  of  matter 
pertaining  to  it,  pictures  and  personal  descriptions  of  the 
prominent  women,  which,  added  to  its  extended  daily  reports, 
contributed  largely  to  the  success  of  the  meeting  ;  but  it  was 
as  careful  to  avoid  editorial  endorsement  as  its  contemporaries 
in  the  North.  The  other  city  papers  were  generous  writh  space 
and  complimentary  mention,  but  the  Sunny  South,  edited  by 
Colonel  Henry  Clay  Fairman,  wTas  the  only  one  which  advo¬ 
cated  the  principle  of  woman  suffrage. 

Many  beautiful  homes  were  opened  to  the  visitors,  and  all 
the  officers  and  speakers  were  entertained  at  the  Aragon  at  the 
expense  of  the  newly  formed  Georgia  State  Association.  The 
most  of  it  was  borne,  in  fact,  by  three  sisters  residing  at 
Columbus,  H.  Augusta  Howard,  Miriam  Howard  Du  Bose 
and  Claudia  Howard  Maxwell.  With  the  genuine  southern 
hospitality,  they  declined  the  offer  of  several  societies  and  of 
the  association  to  reimburse  them.  A  handsome  reception  at 
the  hotel  was  attended  by  hundreds  of  Atlanta’s  representative 
citizens.  Mrs.  W.  A.  Hemphill,  one  of  the  board  of  the  At¬ 
lanta  Exposition,  received  the  visitors  in  her  lovely  home,  as¬ 
sisted  by  the  wife  of  the  recently-elected  Governor  Atkinson. 

A  Baptist  preacher,  Rev.  J.  B.  Hawthorne,  built  on  the  an¬ 
tiquated  plan,  delivered  a  sermon  not  only  denouncing  suf- 


THE  SOUTHERN  TRIP - THE  ATLANTA  CONVENTION.  811 

frage  but  abusing  its  advocates.  The  result  was  to  make  the 
other  ministers  in  the  city  offer  their  pulpits  to  the  convention 
speakers,  and  on  Sunday  lectures  were  given  in  various 
churches  by  Emily  Howland,  Elizabeth  Upham  Yates,  Mrs. 
Colby  and  Mrs.  Meriwether.  Rev.  Anna  Shaw  preached  in 
the  opera  house  and  the  Constitution  prefaced  its  report  as  fol¬ 
lows  :  “  When  the  opening  hour  arrived  there  was  not  an 

empty  chair  in  the  house.  So  dense  became  the  crowd  that 
the  doors  were  ordered  closed  before  the  services  began.  The 
vast  congregation  was  made  up  of  all  classes  of  citizens. 
Every  chair  that  could  be  found  had  been  utilized  and  then 
boxes  and  benches  were  pressed  into  service.  Many  prominent 
professional  and  business  men  were  standing  on  the  stage  and 
in  different  parts  of  the  house.” 

Miss  Anthony,  besides  her  president’s  address,  made  many 
brief  speeches  and  also  read  Mrs.  Stanton’s  fine  paper  on 
“Educated  Suffrage,”  which  was  especially  acceptable  to  a 
southern  audience.1  One  of  the  most  eloquent  speakers  was 
General  Robert  R.  Hemphill,  member  of  the  South  Carolina 
legislature.  Among  the  able  and  interesting  southern  dele¬ 
gates  Laura  Clay  and  Josephine  K.  Henry,  of  Kentucky,  and 
A.  Viola  Neblett  and  Helen  Lewis  Morris,  of  North  Carolina, 
were  especial  favorites.  After  the  convention  a  mass  meet¬ 
ing  was  held  in  the  courthouse,  which  was  crowded  with  an 
enthusiastic  audience.  Mrs.  M.  L.  McLendon,  president  of 
the  Atlanta  Club,  requested  Miss  Anthony  to  take  charge.  The 
Constitution  said  : 

Miss  Anthony  was  received  with  such  a  warmth  of  demonstration  on  the 
part  of  the  large  audience  as  to  thoroughly  convince  her  that  she  was  address¬ 
ing  those  who  were  in  sympathy  with  the  suffrage  movement.  As  she  stood 
up  in  the  presence  of  the  vast  congregation  of  faces  a  profound  silence  filled 
the  hall  and  every  one  seemed  to  be  intently  waiting  for  her  opening  words. 

1  After  1892  Miss  Anthony  had  to  read  most  of  Mrs.  Stanton’s  addresses,  and  the  latter 
wrote  her :  “  If  you  pronounce  what  I  write  ‘good,’  I  know  it  is  up  to  the  mark.  Many  thanks 
for  reading  all  my  papers  so  well  as  everybody  says  you  do.  I  am  sure  of  your  rich  voice 
and  deep  sympathy  with  the  subject,  and  I  much  prefer  to  have  you  read  my  speeches  rather 
than  any  other  person,  as  I  am  always  told  that  your  reading  makes  a  deep  impression. 
Our  thoughts  have  the  same  trend  on  the  woman  suffrage  question,  and  we  have  written 
and  talked  over  every  phase  of  the  subject  so  much  together  that  what  I  write  is  essen¬ 
tially  yours  as  well  as  mine.” 


812 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Within  the  railing  a  large  number  of  men,  who  preferred  to  stand  near  the 
speaker  rather  than  secure  seats  in  the  rear  of  the  hall,  were  grouped  in  a 
solid  mass,  and  appeared  to  be  equally  as  much  concerned  as  the  ladies. 

There  were .  many  distinguished  women  present  at  the  con¬ 
vention,  from  the  South  and  the  North,  and  all  separated  with 
the  feeling  that  fraternal  bonds  had  been  strengthened  and 
many  converts  made  to  the  belief  in  equal  suffrage. 

Miss  Anthony  was  much  revered  by  the  colored  race  and 
while  here  she  addressed  the  students  of  the  Atlanta  Univer¬ 
sity,  and  spoke  with  Bishop  Turner  to  an  immense  audience 
at  Bethel  church.  She  was  invited  also  to  address  the  alumnae 
of  the  girls’  high  school.  At  the  close  of  the  convention  she 
went,  with  her  sister  Mary,  niece  Lucy,  Anna  Shaw  and  Mrs. 
Upton,  for  a  three  days’  visit  at  the  spacious  old-time  mansion 
of  the  Howards,  in  Columbus.  She  left  for  Aiken,  S.  C., 
February  9,  where  she  spoke  in  the  courthouse  and  was  intro¬ 
duced  by  the  Baptist  minister.  Here  she  was  the  guest  of 
Miss  Martha  Schofield,  and  was  much  interested  in  the  very 
successful  industrial  school  for  colored  children,  founded  by 
her  during  the  war.  On  February  12,  she  lectured  at  Colum¬ 
bia  for  the  Practical  Progress  Club,  introduced  by  Colonel  V. 
P.  Clayton.  The  Pine  Tree  State  contained  an  excellent  edi¬ 
torial  in  favor  of  woman  suffrage,  but  thought  “it  could  be 
more  successfully  advocated  in  that  locality  by  some  one  of 
less  pronounced  abolitionism.”  Her  hostess,  Mrs.  Helen 
Brayton,  gave  a  reception  for  her,  and  she  met  a  large  num¬ 
ber  of  the  representative  people  of  Columbia.  Her  last  lecture 
was  given  at  Culpepper,  Va.  The  six  weeks’  southern  trip 
had  been  very  pleasant ;  she  had  made  many  friends  and  found 
much  sentiment  in  favor  of  suffrage.  The  only  drawback  had 
been  the  severity  of  the  weather,  the  coldest  ever  known  in 
that  locality,  which  will  long  be  remembered  because  of  the 
destruction  of  the  orange  groves. 

Miss  Anthony  reached  Washington  on  the  morning  of  her 
seventy-fifth  birthday,  February  15.  The  National  Woman’s 
Council  was  to  open  its  second  triennial  meeting  on  the  18th, 
and  its  official  board  and  many  delegates  were  already  in  the 


THE  SOUTHERN  TRIP - THE  ATLANTA  CONVENTION.  813 


city.  When  she  arrived  she  found  that  “  her  girls/’  as  she 
was  fond  of  designating  the  younger  workers,  had  arranged 
for  a  banquet  in  her  honor  at  the  Ebbitt  House  that  evening. 
Covers  were  laid  for  fifty  and  it  was  a  beautiful  affair.  After 
a  number  of  speeches  had  been  made,  Rachel  Foster  Avery 
arose  and  stated  that  the  friends  of  Miss  Anthony  from  ocean 
to  ocean  and  the  lakes  to  the  gulf,  had  placed  in  her  hands 
sums  of  money  amounting  to  $5,000.  This  she  had  put  into 
a  trust  fund,  purchasing  therewith  an  “  annuity”  of  $800, 
which  she  now  took  great  pleasure  in  presenting.  There  were 
202  contributors  and  although  Mrs.  Avery  had  been  for 
several  months  collecting  the  money,  incredible  as  it  may  seem, 
the  whole  matter  was  a  complete  surprise  to  Miss  Anthony. 
Realizing  that  during  the  last  forty-five  years  she  had  spent 
practically  all  she  had  earned  and  all  that  had  been  given  her, 
to  advance  the  cause  to  which  she  had  devoted  her  life,  they 
determined  to  put  this  testimonial  into  such  shape  as  would 
make  it  impossible  thus  to  expend  it.  She  was  greatly  over¬ 
come  and  for  once  could  not  command  the  words  to  voice  her 
feelings. 

As  each  three  months  have  rolled  around  since  that  occasion, 
and  the  $200  check  has  been  sent  with  a  pleasant  greeting 
from  the  Penn  Mutual  insurance  company,  hoping  that  she 
might  live  to  use  the  entire  principal,  her  heart  has  thrilled 
anew  with  gratitude  and  affection  to  Mrs.  Avery  and  the 
friends  who  put  their  love  and  appreciation  into  this  material 
shape.  It  suffices  to  pay  the  monthly  expenses  of  the  modest 
household  and,  with  the  income  from  the  few  thousands  that 
have  been  laid  away,  an  occasional  paid  lecture  and  the  gifts 
from  generous  friends,  Miss  Anthony  is  freed  from  financial 
anxiety,  although  obliged  to  exercise  careful  economy. 

It  is  impossible  in  this  limited  space  to  attempt  a  description 
of  that  great  council  extending  through  the  days  and  evenings 
of  two  weeks,  attended  by  delegates  from  twenty  national  or¬ 
ganizations,  representing  the  highest  intellects  and  activities 
among  women  and  covering  a  wide  range  of  vital  questions. 
Miss  Anthony  stood  for  the  department  of  Government  Re- 


814 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


form.  Although  at  this  council  she  desired  to  be  simply  one 
of  the  many  representatives  of  different  organizations,  the 
public  would  make  her  the  central  figure  of  all  occasions.  On 
February  28,  Mrs.  John  R.  McLean,  assisted  by  Mrs.  Calvin 
Brice,  gave  a  reception  in  her  honor,  attended  by  many  of  the 
official,  literary,  artistic  and  musical  people  of  the  capital. 

Frederick  Douglass  came  into  the  council  the  afternoon  of  the 
20th  and  was  invited  by  the  president,  Mrs.  Sewall,  to  a  seat 
on  the  platform.  He  accepted,  but  declined  to  speak,  acknowl¬ 
edging  the  applause  only  by  a  bow.  Upon  entering  his  home 
in  Anacostia,  a  few  hours  later,  he  dropped  to  the  floor  and 
expired  instantly.  Funeral  services  were  held  in  the  African 
Metropolitan  church,  Washington,  February  25,  in  which,  at 
the  request  of  the  family,  Miss  Anthony  took  part,  paid  a  brief 
tribute  and  read  Mrs.  Stanton’s  touching  memorial  of  the  only 
man  who  sustained  her  demand  for  the  enfranchisement  of 
women  in  that  famous  first  convention  of  1848. 

At  the  close  of  the  council  Miss  Anthony  lectured  at  Lincoln, 
Va.,  in  the  ancient  Quaker  meeting  house.  Returning  to 
Washington  she  was  entertained  by  Mrs.  Mary  S.  Lockwood  at 
a  dinner  party  on  the  evening  of  the  Travel  Club,  at  which  she 
was  one  of  the  speakers.  Reaching  Philadelphia  March  9,  she 
turned  her  steps,  as  was  always  her  custom,  directly  towards 
her  old  friend  Adeline  Thomson,  and  her  surprise  and  grief 
may  be  imagined  when  she  found  that  she  had  died  a  month 
previous.  Her  relations  with  Adeline  and  Annie  Thomson, 
who  had  passed  away  nearly  ten  years  before,  had  been  those 
of  affectionate  sisters,  and  for  nearly  forty  years  their  home 
had  been  as  her  own.  She  had  received  many  contributions 
from  them,  and  Adeline  had  made  her  a  personal  gift  of  $1,000. 
She  often  had  said  to  her  and  written  in  her  letters,  that  she 
had  $5,000  more  laid  away  for  her  after  she  herself  should 
have  no  further  use  for  it,  but  as  is  so  often  the  case  she  neg¬ 
lected  to  make  provision  for  this,  and  all  her  property  went  to 
a  nephew. 

From  Mrs.  Avery’s  suburban  home  at  Somerton,  Miss  An¬ 
thony  sent  grateful  letters  to  every  one  of  the  202  contributors 


THE  SOUTHERN  TRIP - THE  ATLANTA  CONVENTION.  815 


to  her  annuity.  She  addressed  the  500  students  at  Drexel  In¬ 
stitute,  and  left  for  New  York  March  12.  Here  she  had  an  im¬ 
portantbusinessmeeting  with  Mary  Lowe  Dickinson,  the  newly 
elected  president  of  the  National  Council,  and  then  went  to  tel] 
all  about  the  Atlanta  convention,  the  Woman’s  Council  and  vari¬ 
ous  other  events  to  Mrs.  Stanton,  who  still  felt  the  liveliest  in¬ 
terest  although  not  physically  able  to  take  an  active  part. 

The  day  after  Miss  Anthony  reached  home  she  read  in 
the  morning  paper  that  two  of  the  State  Industrial  School  girls 
and  two  of  the  free  academy  boys  had  been  seen  the  night  be¬ 
fore  coming  out  of  a  questionable  place  ;  the  girls  were  arrested 
and  locked  up  in  the  station  house,  the  boys  were  told  to  go 
home.  It  was  an  everyday  injustice  but  she  determined  to 
protest,  so  she  went  straightway  to  the  police  court,  where  she 
insisted  that  the  boys  should  not  go  free  while  the  girls  were 
punished.  She  pleaded  in  vain;  the  girls  were  sent  to  the 
reformatory,  the  boys  being  used  as  witnesses  against  them 
and  then  dismissed  without  so  much  as  a  reprimand. 

A  short  time  afterwards  Miss  Anthony  went  to  the  Baptist 
church  one  Sunday  evening  to  hear  a  young  colored  woman, 
Miss  Ida  Wells,  lecture  on  the  lynching  of  negroes  in  the 
South.  The  speaker  was  rudely  interrupted  several  times  by 
a  fellow  from  Texas  who  was  in  Rochester  attending  the  theo¬ 
logical  school.  She  answered  him  politely  but  at  length  he 
asked  :  “  If  the  negroes  don’t  like  it  in  the  South,  why  don’t 

they  leave  and  go  North  ?  ”  At  this  Miss  Anthony,  who  had 
been  growing  more  indignant  every  moment,  sprung  to  her 
feet  and,  with  flashing  eyes  and  ringing  voice,  said  :  “  I  will 

tell  you  why  ;  it  is  because  they  are  treated  no  better  in  the 
North  than  they  are  in  the  South.”  She  then  related  a  num¬ 
ber  of  instances,  which  had  come  to  her  own  knowledge,  of 
the  cruel  discrimination  made  against  colored  people,  to  the 
utter  amazement  of  the  audience  who  did  not  believe  such 
things  possible.1 

She  took  Miss  Wells  home  with  her  for  the  rest  of  her  stay. 

1  The  Rochester  dailies  came  oat  next  morning  with  full  reports  of  this  episode  and  edi¬ 
torial  remarks ;  citizens  of  both  sexes  wrote  to  the  papers,  pro  and  con ;  other  newspapers 
took  up  the  question,  and  a  wave  of  comment  swept  over  the  country. 


816  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

She  had  employed  a  young  woman  stenographer  for  a  few 
weeks  to  clear  up  her  accumulated  correspondence  and,  having 
to  go  away  the  next  day,  she  told  Miss  Wells  the  girl  might 
help  her  with  her  pile  of  letters.  When  she  returned  in  the 
evening  she  found  her  scribbling  away  industriously  and  the 
stenographer  at  leisure.  In  answer  to  her  inquiry  the  latter 
replied  :  “I  don’t  choose  to  write  for  a  colored  person.”  “  If 
you  can  not  oblige  me  by  assisting  a  guest  in  my  house,”  said 
Miss  Anthony,  “  you  can  not  remain  in  my  employ.”  The 
girl,  although  in  destitute  circumstances,  gave  up  her  situa¬ 
tion. 

Miss  Anthony  had  been  feeling  for  a  long  time  that,  in  jus¬ 
tice  to  herself  and  to  the  State  Industrial  School,  she  should  re¬ 
sign  her  position  on  the  board  of  managers.  When  she  ac¬ 
cepted  it  she  had  intended  to  give  up  the  greater  part  of  her 
travelling  and  direct  her  forces  from  the  seat  of  government  in 
her  own  home,  but  she  had  found  this  practically  impossible. 
The  demands  for  her  actual  presence  and  personal  work  were 
too  strong  to  be  resisted.  There  were  very  few  women  in  the 
country  who  could  draw  so  large  an  audience  as  herself,  or  who 
knew  so  well  how  to  manage  a  convention  or  carry  on  a  cam¬ 
paign,  and  the  women  of  the  different  States,  who  had  one 
or  the  other  of  these  in  hand,  were  unwilling  to  accept  a  sub¬ 
stitute.  She  was  as  well  and  vigorous  as  at  fifty,  and  there 
seemed  to  be  no  adequate  reason  why  she  should  refuse  the 
many  opportunities  to  advance  the  cause  for  which  she  had 
given  the  active  service  of  nearly  half  a  century.  The 
several  years  since  she  began  housekeeping,  therefore,  had 
found  her  at  home  no  more  of  the  time  than  those  which  had 
preceded. 

When  she  first  visited  the  school  she  found  the  boys’  depart¬ 
ments  fitted  up  with  all  the  appliances  of  a  steam  laundry, 
while  a  large  number  of  the  girls  were  bending  their  backs 
over  washtubs  and  ironing-boards  the  whole  of  every  week. 
She  soon  succeeded  in  having  the  washing  sent  over  to  the 
laundry,  where  a  few  girls  were  able  to  do  it  all  in  two  or  three 
days  ;  she  also  made  many  valuable  suggestions  in  the  sewing 


THE  SOUTHERN  TRIP - THE  ATLANTA  CONVENTION.  817 

department.  When  in  the  city  she  went  to  the  school  on  Sun¬ 
day,  helped  with  the  services  and  talked  to  the  700  boys  and 
150  girls.  Some  of  the  latter  came  to  her  one  Sunday  and  said 
pathetically  that  it  was  the  first  time  a  speaker  ever  had 
seemed  to  know  there  were  any  girls  there !  She  wrote  in  her 
journal,  with  quiet  humor,  that  the  men  on  the  board  were 
going  the  next  day  to  select  a  cooking  stove.  She  realized  even 
more  strongly  than  ever  that,  though  the  best  and  wisest  men 
may  be  on  the  boards  of  public  institutions,  there  is  need  also 
of  women,  but  she  felt  that,  with  so  vast  an  amount  of  other 
work  on  hand,  she  could  not  do  her  duty  by  the  school.  As 
she  was  about  to  go  away  again  for  a  number  of  months  she 
decided  to  delay  her  resignation  no  longer  and  forwarded  it  to 
Governor  Morton  April  15,  after  having  served  about  two  and 
a  half  years.  She  then  finished  her  lecture  engagements  and 
completed  arrangements  for  what  proved  to  be  one  of  the 
pleasantest  journeys  of  her  life. 


CHAPTER  XLV. 


THE  SECOND  VISIT  TO  CALIFORNIA. 

1895. 

T  has  been  said  in  another  chapter  that  Miss 
Anthony  established  herself  firmly  and  forever  in 
the  hearts  of  the  people  at  the  Columbian  Expo¬ 
sition  of  1893.  Men  and  women  were  there  from 
every  State  in  the  Union,  many  of  whom  never 
had  seen  or  heard  her  and  had  been  deeply  prejudiced 
against  her,  but  she  conquered  all  and  they  returned  home 
henceforth  to  sing  her  praises.  Naturally  they  wanted  their 
friends  and  neighbors  to  be  converted  like  themselves,  and 
invitations  to  lecture  came  from  all  quarters.  One  of  the 
most  urgent  was  from  the  Woman’s  Congress  Auxiliary  of  the 
great  California  Midwinter  Exposition,  which  followed  the 
World’s  Fair,  but  as  she  had  two  campaigns  on  hand  in  1894  she 
could  not  accept  it.  Out  of  this  auxiliary  had  grown  a  perma¬ 
nent  Woman  s  Congress  Association,  with  Sarah  B.  Cooper  at  its 
head.  When  a  pressing  request  came  to  attend  their  first 
anniversary  in  San  Francisco,  in  1895,  she  accepted  with 
pleasure.  The  corresponding  secretary,  Mrs.  Minna  V.  Gaden, 

wrote  in  reply : 

« 

I  can  not  attempt  to  express  to  you  the  joy  and  gratification  of  the  execu¬ 
tive  board  over  your  consent  to  be  with  us  and  take  part  in  the  congress  in 
May.  I  wish  I  could  have  phonographed  the  exclamations  of  delight  and 
photographed  the  beaming  countenances  of  the  members  when  I  read  them 
your  letter.  In  answer  to  your  question  as  to  whether  we  desired  to  have 
you  speak  upon  some  special  point  of  the  subject  for  which  you  stand,  I  would 
say  we  want  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  all  that  she  is;  and  we  are  sure  that  the 

(819) 


820 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


right  word  will  be  said,  the  great  facts  made  plain  and  the  true  inspiration 
given.  We  want  you  and  all  that  your  presence  means  and  all  that  your 
life’s  work  has  brought. 

Miss  Anthony  had  another  reason  for  wishing  to  go  to  Cali¬ 
fornia  in  addition  to  the  desire  of  meeting  and  helping  the 
women  of  that  beautiful  State  in  their  congress.  Its  legisla¬ 
ture,  the  previous  winter,  had  submitted  a  woman  suffrage 
amendment  which  was  to  be  voted  on  in  1896.  This  visit 
would  enable  her  to  look  over  the  field,  talk  with  the  men 
and  women,  and  render  any  assistance  they  might  desire  to¬ 
wards  planning  their  campaign.  She  wrote  Mrs.  Cooper  stat¬ 
ing  that  she  did  not  wish  to  make  the  journey  alone,  that  she 
liked  to  have  one  of  her  “  lieutenants  ”  to  relieve  her  of  the 
burden  of  much  speaking,  and  would  be  glad  of  the  privilege  of 
bringing  with  her  Rev.  Anna  Shaw.  Mrs. Cooper  responded  with 
a  check  of  $450,  for  travelling  expenses,  saying  :  “We  rejoice 
to  know  that  Miss  Shaw  will  come  with  you,  as  another  grand 
helper  for  us.  I  send  you  the  money  and  want  you  to  have 
every  possible  comfort  on  the  journey.” 

From  that  time  until  Miss  Anthony  reached  California  not 
over  three  days  ever  passed  without  a  letter  from  Mrs.  Cooper, 
rejoicing  over  the  promised  visit.  “Everybody  is  full  of 
expectancy  looking  for  your  advent.  I  have  engaged  the  First 
Congregational  church  of  San  Francisco  for  Miss  Shaw’s  ser¬ 
mon.  Hattie  and  I  send  you  a  heart  full  of  love.  May  God 
hold  you  safe  in  His  keeping.  ”  “  San  F rancisco  and  the  whole 

Pacific  coast  have  a  warm  welcome  for  you  both  ;  every  one  is 
looking  forward  to  meeting  you,  great  and  noble  champion  of 
all  that  is  good.”  So  the  letters  ran,  and  they  were  supple¬ 
mented  by  long  and  loving  ones  from  the  daughter  Harriet, 
who  lived  but  to  second  her  mother’s  work  and  wishes. 

When  the  papers  heralded  abroad  the  news  that  Miss  An¬ 
thony  was  going  to  California,  the  large  western  towns  along 
the  route  sent  earnest  requests  for  lectures  and  visits,  and  the 
journey  assumed  the  aspect  of  a  triumphal  tour.  She  started 
April  27,  full  of  health  and  spirit  and  with  happy  anticipa¬ 
tions  ;  spent  one  day  with  Mrs.  Upton,  at  Warren,  0.,  one 


THE  SECOND  VISIT  TO  CALIFORNIA. 


821 


with  Mrs.  Sewall,  at  Indianapolis,  going  thence  to  Chicago, 
where  she  was  entertained  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gross.  Here 
she  found  Harriet  Hosmer,  who  had  been  with  them  seven 
months,  while  she  worked  on  her  statue  of  Lincoln.  In 
the  evening  half  a  dozen  reporters  called  and  the  papers  bris¬ 
tled  with  interviews.  The  next  day  she  went  with  her  hostess 
to  the  famous  Woman’s  Club.  Miss  Shaw  joined  Miss  Anthony 
in  Chicago,  and  May  1  they  left  for  St.  Louis,  where  they 
remained  four  days  at  the  New  Planters’  Hotel,  the  guests  of 
Mrs.  Gross,  who  had  accompanied  them. 

Their  mission  at  St.  Louis  was  to  address  the  Mississippi 
Valley  Woman’s  Congress,  under  the  auspices  of  the  W.  C.  T. 
U.,  Mrs.  E.  B.  Ingalls,  presiding.  Miss  Anthony  spoke  on 
“The  Present  Outlook,”  and  the  papers  described  enthusias¬ 
tically  “the  splendid  ovation”  she  received,  the  many  floral 
offerings,  and  the  hundreds  of  personal  greetings  at  the  close 
of  the  evening.  Just  before  her  address,  seventy-five  little 
boys  and  girls,  several  colored  ones  among  them,  marched 
past  her  on  the  platform,  each  laying  a  rose  in  her  lap.  The 
day  after  the  congress  the  State  Suffrage  Association  held  its 
convention,  and  on  the  evening  of  May  L  a  handsome  banquet, 
with  covers  laid  for  200,  was  given  for  her  at  the  Mercantile 
Club  rooms. 

She  reached  Denver  May  8,  at  4  a.  m.,  remained  in  the 
sleeper  till  six  and  then  could  stand  it  no  longer  but  took  a 
carriage  and  sallied  forth.  When  the  reception  committee 
came  to  the  station  at  seven  to  escort  her  to  the  elaborate  break¬ 
fast  which  had  been  prepared  at  the  Brown  Palace  Hotel, 
where  a  large  number  of  friends  were  waiting,  the  guest  had 
flown  and  could  not  be  found.  While  in  the  city  she  was 
entertained  at  the  home  of  Hon.  Thomas  M.  Patterson,  of  the 
Rocky  Mountain  News,  whose  progressive  and  cultured  wife 
was  her  warm  personal  friend  and  had  been  an  advocate  of 
suffrage  long  before  it  was  granted  to  the  women  of  Colorado. 
Reverend  Anna  was  the  guest  of  ex-Governor  and  Mrs.  Routt. 
That  afternoon  Miss  Anthony  went  to  Boulder,  where  she  was 
engaged  to  lecture. 


822  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

The  next  day  the  Woman’s  Club  gave  a  large  reception  in 
their  honor  at  the  Brown  Palace  Hotel,  attended  by  over  1,200 
women.  The  News,  in  its  account,  said  .  The  scene  marked, 
to  the  retrospective  mind,  the  enormous  change  that  has  taken 
place  in  the  status  of  the  sex  within  the  lifetime  of  one  woman. 
It  hardly  seemed  possible,  as  the  spectator  beheld  Miss  An¬ 
thony  surrounded  by  the  richest  and  most  conservative  women 
of  Denver,  to  believe  that  in  her  youth  the  great  lecturer  was 
hissed  from  the  stage  in  the  most  cultured  and  liberal  cities  of 
the  United  States,  and  cast  out  from  polite  society  like  a 
pariah.  It  is  not  often  either  that  one  who  has  been  a  pioneer 
in  an  unpopular  cause  lives  to  see  it  become  fashionable  and 
herself  the  center  of  attention  from  a  younger  generation  which 
has  profited  by  her  labors  of  earlier  years.”  The  same  paper 
commented  editorially:  1  ‘  To  accomplish  the  political  enfran¬ 
chisement  of  her  sex  and  open  a  broader  field  of  work  and  in¬ 
fluence  for  women  everywhere,  Miss  Anthony  has  devoted  her 
life.  .  .  .  Among  all  the  noble  women  who  have  stood 
boldly  to  champion  the  cause  of  their  sisters,  she  is  easily 
chief,  and  is  worthy  of  all  the  honors  that  have  been  bestowed 
upon  her.  It  must  have  been  a  proud  satisfaction  for  her  yes¬ 
terday  to  meet  the  women  of  Colorado,  who  are  now  endowed 
with  equal  political  rights  because  of  the  crusade  she  has  been 
instrumental  in  starting  and  maintaining.  Well  may  these 
newly  enfranchised  women  do  her  reverence.  Not  more  loyal 
should  the  silver  men  of  Colorado  be  to  Dick  Bland,  than  the 
women  of  Colorado  to  the  apostle  of  equal  suffrage  Susan  B. 
Anthony.  ” 

The  Denver  Times  said  in  a  leading  editorial:  “To  Miss 
Anthony  the  women  of  today  owe  a  great  debt,  for  through 
her  life’s  work  they  enjoy  a  hundred  privileges  denied  them 
fifty  years  ago.  From  her  devotion  to  a  cause  which  for  dec¬ 
ades  made  her  a  martyr  to  the  derision  of  an  unsympathetic 
public,  has  grown  a  new  order  of  things.  Her  hand  has  most 
helped  to  open  every  profession  and  every  line  of  business  to 
women.  While  all  the  women  of  the  United  States  are  under 
many  obligations  to  her,  those  of  Colorado,  who  are  now  equal 


THE  SECOND  VISIT  TO  CALIFORNIA. 


823 


citizens,  owe  her  the  greatest  allegiance.  ’ ’  The  Times  also  quotes 
in  an  interview  with  Miss  Anthony  :  “  When  asked  what  sub¬ 

ject  she  would  take  for  her  speeches  to  the  people  of  Colorado, 
she  shook  her  head  with  a  kindly  smile  and  said  :  ‘  My  usual 

lectures  will  not  do.  What  can  I  say  to  the  women  who  have 
the  franchise  ?  I  can  only  encourage  them  to  use  their  new 
power  wisely,  to  stand  bravely  for  the  right,  and  to  help  the 
equal  suffrage  cause  in  other  States.’  ” 

The  ladies  lectured  that  evening  to  an  immense  audience  in 
the  Broadway  Theater.  The  papers  reported  with  great  head¬ 
lines  :  “Enthusiastic  Greeting  by  Colorado’s  Enfranchised 
Citizens.  Miss  Anthony  Overcome  with  Hearty  Congratula¬ 
tions.  America’s  Joan  of  Arc  Shakes  Hands  with  an  Army 
of  Women  Voters.”  One  searches  in  vain  in  these  newspa¬ 
pers  for  evidences  of  the  terrible  loss  of  respect  which  women 
were  to  experience  when  they  were  endowed  with  the  ballot. 
The  News,  in  over  a  column  report,  said  : 

Miss  Anthony’s  voice  was  clear  and  powerful,  filling  the  big  theater 
without  any  apparent  effort.  She  began  by  saying  that  she  believed  the  thing 
she  had  always  claimed  had  come  true ;  that  the  women  had  learned  a  new 
and  higher  self-respect  with  their  added  rights  and  responsibilities.  .  .  . 

She  paid  the  men  of  Colorado  the  compliment  of  declaring  them  the  best  in 
the  wrorld.  The  men  of  Wyoming  had  occupied  this  proud  position  up  to 
1893,  but  those  of  Colorado  had  granted  the  ballot  to  a  disfranchised  class  not 
through  the  legislature,  but  by  a  popular  vote.  This  act  stands  alone  in  the 
history  of  the  world ;  no  class  of  men  has  ever  done  as  much  for  even  another 
class  of  men.  .  .  . 

She  said  she  had  heard  that  some  of  the  women  had  voted  with  sagacity 
and  some  had  not.  This  was  not  strange,  since  men  continued  to  do  this 
after  more  than  one  hundred  years  of  voting.  If  women  made  mistakes 
this  year,  they  would  remedy  them  next  year,  and  in  time  she  believed  they 
would  become  the  balance  of  power  between  the  two  parties  in  all  social, 
moral  and  educational  questions. 

At  Cheyenne  Senator  and  Mrs.  Carey  gave  an  elegant  din¬ 
ner  party  in  their  honor,  attended  by  Governor  and  Mrs. 
Rich,  Senator  and  Mrs.  Warren,  Mrs.  Esther  Morris,  the  first 
woman  judge,  Mrs.  Therese  Jenkins,  State  president,  Mrs. 
Amalia  Post,  a  suffrage  pioneer,  and  other  distinguished 
guests.  They  went  immediately  from  dinner  to  the  new  Bap- 


824 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


list  church,  which  was  filled  to  overflowing,  and  were  intro¬ 
duced  by  the  governor.  At  the  close  of  the  lectures,  Mrs. 
Jenkins  said,  “Now  I  desire  to  introduce  the  audience  to 
the  speakers.”  She  then  called  the  names  of  the  governor 
and  all  his  staff,  the  attorney-general,  the  United  States  judges, 
the  senators  and  congressmen,  the  mayor  and  members  of  the 
city  council.  Each  rose  as  his  name  was  mentioned,  and  be¬ 
fore  she  was  through,  it  seemed  as  if  half  the  audience  were  on 
their  feet,  and  the  applause  was  most  enthusiastic.  Here 
again  one  could  not  discern  an  indication  of  the  dreadful  loss  of 
respect  which  was  to  be  the  portion  of  enfranchised  women. 

It  was  long  after  midnight  before  the  travellers  were  quietly 
in  bed  in  the  delightful  home  of  the  Careys,  but  at  half-past 
seven  they  had  finished  breakfast  and  were  on  board  train  en 
route  for  Salt  Lake  City.  Learning  from  the  conductor  that 
Mrs.  Leland  Stanford’s  private  car  was  attached,  Miss  Anthony 
sent  her  card  and  soon  was  invited  to  a  seat  in  that  luxurious 
conveyance,  where  she  enjoyed  a  visit  of  several  hours.  Mrs. 
Stanford  told  her  of  the  government  suit  against  the  estate,  and 
Miss  Anthony’s  parting  words  were  a  warning  not  to  leave  her 
lawyers  to  go  before  the  Supreme  Court  alone,  but  to  be  pres- 
sent  herself  in  Washington  to  protect  her  own  interests  and 
those  of  the  great  university. 

At  Salt  Lake,  on  Sunday  morning,  a  large  delegation  of 
women,  representing  the  different  religious  sects  and  political 
organizations,  met  the  travellers  and  drove  to  the  Templeton, 
where  seventy-five  sat  down  to  breakfast,  and  they  were  then 
taken  for  a  drive  over  the  city.  Miss  Anthony  was  the  guest  of 
Mrs.  Beatie,  daughter  of  Brigham  and  Zina  D.  H.  Young,  and 
Miss  Shaw  of  Mrs.  McVicker.  At  3  p.m.,  the  Reverend  Anna 
preached  in  the  great  Tabernacle,  Bishops  Whitney  and  Rich¬ 
ards  assisting.  At  the  close  they  congratulated  her  on  having 
preached  a  Mormon  sermon  ;  afterwards  a  Methodist  minister 
who  was  in  the  audience  thanked  her  for  her  good  Methodist 
sermon  ;  and  a  little  later  a  Presbyterian  minister  shook  her 
hand  heartily  and  expressed  his  pleasure  at  hearing  her  Pres¬ 
byterian  doctrine  ;  so  she  concluded  she  had  made  a  politic 


THE  SECOND  VISIT  TO  CALIFORNIA. 


825 


address.  Sunday  evening  she  preached  in  the  theater  at  what 
was  intended  to  be  a  union  service.  All  of  the  Gentile  minis¬ 
ters  had  been  invited  to  take  part  and  all  declined  but  the 
pastor  of  the  Unitarian  church.  He  and  the  principal  of  the 
public  schools,  formerly  a  Unitarian  minister,  were  the  only 
men  on  the  stage. 

The  Inter-Mountain  Woman  Suffrage  Association  of  Utah, 
Montana  and  Idaho  opened  the  next  morning,  May  13.  The 
first  day’s  sessions  were  held  in  the  new  city  building,  but  it 
was  so  crowded  that  an  overflow  meeting  was  necessary  and 
the  next  day  the  convention  was  transferred  to  the  big  assem¬ 
bly  hall.  The  seat  of  honor  was  given  to  Miss  Anthony  ;  on 
her  right  Mrs.  Emmeline  B.  Wells,  president  of  the  Utah  as¬ 
sociation,  on  her  left,  Rev.  Anna  Shaw.  They  were  surrounded 
by  a  semicircle  of  the  illustrious  women  of  the  Territory  who, 
for  many  years,  had  been  active  in  the  work  for  suffrage.  The 
hall  was  draped  with  the  national  colors  and  above  the  stage 
were  portraits  of  Lincoln,  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Stanton. 
The  introductory  address  was  made  by  Governor  West, who, 
after  paying  an  earnest  tribute  to  Miss  Anthony,  predicted 
that  the  new  State  constitution,  which  was  to  go  to  the  voters 
containing  a  woman  suffrage  clause,  would  be  overwhelmingly 
ratified. 

During  their  stay  in  Salt  Lake  Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Shaw 
received  the  highest  consideration.  Monday  afternoon  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  F.  S.  Richards  gave  a  reception  in  their  honor,  and 
were  assisted  in  receiving  by  Governor  West,  President  Wood¬ 
ruff,  Hon.  George  Q.  Cannon,  and  many  ladies.  The  next 
afternoon  a  reception  was  tendered  by  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  In 
the  evening,  a  large  party  went  to  Ogden,  where  a  banquet 
was  given,  a  great  meeting  held  in  the  city  hall,  and  an  over¬ 
flow  meeting  in  one  of  the  churches. 

The  16th  of  May  found  the  travellers  at  Reno,  Nev.,  where 

they  were  the  guests  of  Mrs.  Elda  A.  Orr,  president  of  the 

State  association.  In  the  morning  Miss  Anthony  talked  to  the 

800  men  and  women  students  of  the  State  Universitv.  In  the 

•/ 

evening  they  spoke  in  the  opera  house,  which  was  crowded  to 


826  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

its  limits,  while  on  the  stage  were  the  representative  men  and 
women  of  the  city  and  neighboring  towns.  The  house  was 
beautifully  decorated  with  flowers  and  banners,  a  brass  band 
played  on  the  balcony  and  an  orchestra  within.  They  were 
introduced  by  Miss  Hannah  H.  Clapp,  who  had  presented  Miss 
Anthony  to  a  Nevada  audience  at  Carson,  in  1871.  Saturday 
afternoon  they  enjoyed  a  charming  reception  in  the  parlors  of 
the  women’s  clubhouse. 

Late  that  day  they  resumed  their  journey,  took  supper  at 
Truckee  on  the  summit  of  the  Sierras,  and  had  a  delicious 
glimpse  of  Lake  Donner  just  as  they  plunged  into  the  forty 
miles  of  snow-sheds.  They  were  glad  of  a  long  night’s  rest 
after  the  strain  of  the  last  three  weeks  and,  when  they  awoke 
the  next  morning,  were  rolling  through  the  fertile  Sacramento 
valley.  California  in  May!  Never  was  there  a  pen  inspired 
with  the  power  to  describe  its  beauties.  Not  the  brush  of  the 
most  gifted  artist  could  picture  the  mountains  with  their  green 
foot-hills  and  snow-capped  summits;  the  valleys,  nature’s  own 
lovely  and  fragrant  conservatories  of  brilliant  blossoms  and 
luxuriant,  riotous  vines,  and  the  great  oaks  with  their  glossy 
foliage,  all  enveloped  in  a  warm  and  shimmering  atmosphere 
and,  bending  above,  the  soft  blue  sky  scarcely  dimmed  by  a 
fleeting  cloud.  They  can  not  be  put  into  words,  they  must  be 
lived. 

The  travellers  had  been  up  and  dressed  and  enjoying  the  sweet 
air  and  lovely  landscape  for  a  long  time  when  the  train 
stopped  at  the  Oakland  station  at  half-past  seven  Sunday 
morning,  May  19.  Early  as  was  the  hour,  with  the  mists 
still  hovering  over  the  bay,  they  found  awaiting  them,  laden 
with  flowers,  Mrs.  Cooper  and  her  daughter  Harriet,  from  San 
Francisco,  Mrs.  Isabel  A.  Baldwin,  Mrs.  Ada  Van  Pelt  and 
several  other  Oakland  ladies,  and  Rev.  John  K.  McLean,  the 
Congregational  minister,  whose  eldest  brother  was  the  husband 
of  Miss  Anthony’s  sister.  He  conveyed  her  at  once  to  his  own 
home,  while  the  others  took  charge  of  Miss  Shaw.  At  11  o’clock 
the  reverend  lady  was  in  Dr.  McLean’s  pulpit,  fresh  and 
smiling,  in  her  soft,  black  ministerial  robes,  with  dainty  white 


THE  SECOND  VISIT  TO  CALIFORNIA. 


827 


lawn  at  neck  and  wrists.  Every  seat  was  filled,  chairs  were 
placed  in  the  aisles,  people  sitting  on  the  steps,  and  the  hap¬ 
piest  woman  in  all  the  throng  was  Susan  B.  Anthony  as  she 
sat  beside  her  friend.  That  evening  the  scene  was  repeated  in 
the  Congregational  church  of  San  Francisco,  where  the  chan¬ 
cel  was  adorned  with  lilies  and  the  revered  Sarah  B.  Cooper 
made  the  opening  prayer. 

The  Woman’s  Congress  opened  at  Golden  Gate  Hall,  on  the 
morning  of  May  20.  The  newspapers  of  San  Francisco  had 
decreed  that  this  congress  should  be  a  success,  and  to  this  end 
they  had  been  as  generous  with  space  and  as  complimentary  in 
tone  as  the  most  exacting  could  have  desired.  The  result  was 
that  at  not  a  session  during  the  week  was  the  great  hall  large 
enough  to  hold  the  audience  which  sought  admission.  It  pre¬ 
sented  a  beautiful  sight  on  the  opening  morning,  festooned 
from  end  to  end  with  banners  ;  the  stage  a  veritable  conserva¬ 
tory,  with  a  background  of  palms,  bamboo  and  other  tropical 
plants,  and  in  front  a  bewildering  array  of  lilies,  roses,  carna¬ 
tions,  sweet  peas  and  other  fragrant  blossoms.  Grouped  upon 
the  platform,  on  chairs  and  divans,  under  tall,  shaded  lamps, 
were  the  speakers  and  guests.  At  the  right  of  the  president’s 
desk  was  a  large  arm-chair  artistically  draped  with  flowers  be¬ 
neath  a  canopy  of  La  France  roses.  At  half-past  ten  Mrs. 
Cooper  stepped  out  from  the  wings  escorting  Miss  Anthony, 
followed  by  Mayor  Adolph  Sutro  and  Rev.  Anna  Shaw.  The 
audience  burst  into  a  storm  of  applause  and,  amid  cheers  and 
the  waving  of  handkerchiefs,  Miss  Anthony  was  conducted  to 
her  floral  throne.  As  soon  as  she  was  seated,  one  woman  after 
another  came  up  with  arms  full  of  flowers  until  she  was  liter- 
erally  buried  under  an  avalanche  of  the  choicest  blossoms.  No 
one  who  was  present  ever  will  forget  the  lovely  scene. 

Mayor  Sutro  made  the  address  of  welcome,  in  which  he  em¬ 
phasized  his  belief  that  “  the  ballot  should  be  placed  in  the 
hands  of  woman  as  the  most  powerful  agent  for  the  uplifting 
of  humanity.”  At  the  preceding  congress  the  general  topic 
had  been,  “The  Relation  of  Women  to  the  Affairs  of  the 
World,”  and  the  criticism  had  been  made  that  it  was  too  much 


828  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

of  a  woman  suffrage  meeting.  For  this  one  the  subject  selected 
was  “  The  Home,”  but  the  results  were  the  same.  Whatever 
the  paper — “  Hereditary  Influence,  ”  “The  Parents’  Power,” 

<  <  The  Family  and  the  State  ’  ’ — all  led  to  suffrage  ;  and  the  more 
suffrage,  the  greater  the  applause  from  the  audience.  Mrs. Cooper 
had  written  Miss  Anthony,  “  I  told  the  committee  to  put  you 
and  Miss  Shaw  anywhere  on  the  program,  that  you  could  speak 
on  one  subject  as  well  as  another  ;  ”  so  they  found  themselves 
down  for  “  Educational  Influences  of  Home  Life  ;  ”  “  Which 
Counts  More,  Father’s  or  Mother’s  Influence  ?  ”  “  Does  Wife¬ 
hood  Preclude  Citizenship  ?  ”  “The  Evolution  of  the  Home  ;  ” 
“The  Family  and  the  State;”  “Shall  We  Co-operate?” 
“The  Rights  of  Motherhood;”  and  numerous  other  topics. 
Both  spoke  every  day  during  the  Congress  and  the  people 

seemed  never  to  tire  of  hearing  them. 

Mrs.  Cooper  presided  in  her  dignified  and  beautiful  manner, 
and  in  her  presentation  said  :  “I  have  the  very  great  honor 
and  pleasure  of  introducing  to  this  assembly  one  who  has  done 
more  towards  lifting  up  women  than  any  other  one  person 
Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony.”  The  Chronicle  reported  :  “  Then 

the  audience  made  still  further  demonstrations.  They  clapped 
and  cheered  and  waved,  and  some  of  the  gray-haired  women 
wiped  their  eyes  because  it  is  so  seldom  that  people  live  to  be 
appreciated.  But  Susan  B.  stood  like  a  princess  of  the  blood 
royal.  Very  erect  of  head  and  clear  of  voice  she  began  her  lit¬ 
tle  speech.  It  was  full  of  reminiscences,  but  some  few  people 
have  the  privilege  of  telling  recollections  without  the  feai  of 
ever  boring  any  one.  Miss  Anthony  is  one  of  these.  .  .  . 

Miss  Shaw  also  received  a  hearty  welcome ;  and  all 
through  that  wonderful  week  the  bright,  appreciative,  warm¬ 
hearted  California  audiences  crowded  the  hall  and  listened  and 
applauded  and  brought  their  offerings  of  flowers  and  fruit  to 
lay  at  the  feet  of  these  two  women,  who  had  come  from  the  far 
East  to  clasp  their  hands  and  unite  with  them  in  one  great 
cause — the  uplifting  of  womanhood.  The  Chronicle  said  : 

Twelve  hundred  women  went  to  Golden  Gate  Hall  on  Monday ;  fourteen 
hundred  went  Tuesday;  two  thousand  Wednesday;  twenty-five  hundred 


t 


THE  SECOND  VISIT  TO  CALIFORNIA. 


829 


Thursday.  Golden  Gate  Hall  could  not  hold  one-fourth  of  the  crowds,  so  all 
three  of  yesterday’s  sessions  were  held  at  the  First  Congregational  church. 
Even  there  a  stream  of  humanity  blocked  every  aisle  clear  to  the  platform. 
Nobody  ever  supposed  that  the  women  of  San  Francisco  cared  for  aught  ex¬ 
cept  their  gowns,  their  teas  and  their  babies.  But  they  do.  They  like  brains, 
even  in  their  own  sex.  And  they  can  applaud  good  speeches  even  if  made 
by  women,  and  they  have  all  fallen  madly,  desperately  in  love  with  a  very 
short,  very  plump  little  woman  whose  name  is  Anna  Shaw.  A  year  ago  there 
were  not  more  than  a  hundred  women  in  San  Francisco  who  could  have  been 
dragged  to  a  suffrage  meeting,  but  yesterday  twenty-five  times  that  number 
struggled  and  tore  their  clothing  in  their  determination  to  hear  Miss  Anthony 
and  Miss  Shaw. 

Again  it  commented:  “There  has  been  some  talk  that  the 
Woman’s  Congress  which  expired  last  night  attracted  its 
crowds  under  false  pretenses — that  it  promised  to  talk  about 
the  home  and  then  preached  suffrage.  That  is  usually  the  case 
when  Miss  Anthony  is  about,  but  it  was  always  suffrage  in  its 
relation  to  the  home.  Who,  knowing  Miss  Anthony’s  reputa¬ 
tion,  could  suppose  that  she  would  cross  the  continent  in  the 
evening  of  her  life  to  discuss  the  draping  of  a  lace  curtain  or 
the  best  colors  for  a  parlor  carpet  ?  .  .  .  Five  thousand 

people  waiting  on  the  steps  of  the  Temple  Emanu-El  for  the 
purpose  of  hearing  the  woman  preacher’s  last  address  does  not 
look  as  if  her  position  were  uncertain.  Mere  curiosity  does 
not  take  the  same  people  to  nineteen  consecutive  sessions.” 

“Apotheosis  of  Woman,”  the  Examiner  headed  its  fine  re¬ 
ports  ;  and  the  Call,  the  Bulletin,  the  Post,  the  Report,  and  the 
newspapers  around  the  bay  all  gave  columns  of  space  to  this 
great  meeting  which  had  discovered  to  the  State  of  California 
its  own  remarkable  women. 

Miss  Anthony  had  been  the  guest  of  her  old  friend,  Mrs.  A. 
A.  Sargent,  whose  hospitality  she  had  enjoyed  so  many  years 
in  Washington  City.  As  the  suffrage  amendment  was  to  come 
up  the  next  year,  Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Shaw  met  with  a 
large  number  of  ladies  at  the  Congregational  church  and 
helped  them  organize  a  campaign  committee,  with  Mrs.  Cooper 
as  its  chairman.  In  accepting  the  office  she  said  :  “I  intend 
to  put  all  there  is  of  me  into  current  coin  and  use  it  to  forward 
this  Heaven-ordained  work.  If  ever  a  woman  was  thoroughly 


830 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


converted  to  this  idea  I  have  been,  and  in  this  spirit  I  accept 
the  charge.” 

In  the  afternoon  of  this  same  day  Mrs.  Cooper  escorted  them 
to  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Hall  to  address  the  Congregational  minis¬ 
ters  at  their  regular  Monday  meeting,  to  which  they  had  been 
officially  invited.  That  evening  they  were  the  guests  of  honor 
at  the  Unitarian  Club  dinner  at  the  Palace  Hotel,  Miss  Anthony 
responding  to  the  toast,  “The  Rights  and  Privileges  of  Man  ; 
Miss  Shaw  to  “  The  Manly  Man  ;  ”  Rev.  A.  C.  Hirst  and  Dr. 
Horatio  Stebbins  to  “The  Rights  and  Privileges  of  Woman  ” 
and  “The  Womanly  Woman;  ”  and  the  evening  was  a  lively 
one.  They  addressed  the  girls’  high  school,  and  accepted  also 
an  invitation  to  speak  to  the  900  teachers  at  the  institute  in 
session  at  Golden  Gate  Hall.  They  were  the  guests  of  the 
Century  Club,  Sorosis  and  other  San  Francisco  societies  of 
women. 

A  friend,  Mrs.  Mary  Grafton  Campbell,  wrote  from  Palo  Alto 
that  she  heard  President  Jordan  say  every  remaining  day  and 
evening  of  the  semester  were  filled,  and  when  she  exclaimed, 
“  But  Miss  Anthony  is  coming  ;  what  about  her  ?  ”  he  replied, 
“  There  will  be  room  for  Miss  Anthony  if  we  have  to  give  up 
classes.”  Immediately  he  wrote  her  a  cordial  invitation  to 
visit  the  university,  offering  to  pay  her  travelling  expenses  and 
expressing  a  wish  to  entertain  her  in  his  home.  She  accepted 
for  herself  and  Miss  Shaw,  and  they  spoke  to  as  many  students 
as  could  crowd  into  the  chapel.  Mrs.  Stanford  sent  a  personal 
invitation  for  them  to  attend  the  reception  which  she  was  to 
give  the  first  graduating  class  in  her  San  Francisco  residence.1 


1  As  soon  as  they  arrived  in  California  they  were  presented  by  Mrs.  Stanford  with  railroad 
passes  throughout  the  State. 


THE  SECOND  VISIT  TO  CALIFORNIA. 


831 


They  were  invited  to  the  beautiful  Water  Carnival  at  Santa 
Cruz,  and  to  the  Flower  Festival  at  Santa  Barbara.  It  would 
be  impossible,  indeed,  to  mention  all  the  delightful  invitations 
of  both  a  public  and  private  nature,  and  there  was  not  a  day 
that  did  not  bring  a  remembrance  in  the  shape  of  flowers  and 
the  delicious  fruit  in  which  Miss  Anthony  revelled. 

On  May  29  the  Ebell  Club  of  Oakland  gave  them  a  breakfast 
at  11:  30  ;  at  2  p.  m.  they  addressed  the  Alameda  County  Aux¬ 
iliary  of  the  Woman’s  Congress,  Rev.  Eliza  Tupper  Wilkes, 
president.  The  audience  filled  every  inch  of  space  in  the  Uni¬ 
tarian  church,  the  most  prominent  ladies  of  Oakland  occupied 
seats  on  the  platform,  and  a  large  reception  in  the  parlors  fol¬ 
lowed  the  speaking.  The  evening  session  was  held  in  the  Con¬ 
gregational  church,  an  enthusiastic  crowd  in  attendance.  The 
next  afternoon  they  started  for  the  Yosemite  Valley,  having  for 
companions  Dr.  Elizabeth  Sargent  and  Dr.  Henry  A.  Baker, 
Miss  Anthony’s  grand-nephew.  There  Miss  Anthony,  at  the 
age  of  seventy-five,  made  the  usual  trips  on  the  back  of  a  mule. 
She  relates  that  the  name  of  her  steed  was  Moses  and  Anna 
Shaw’s  Ephraim,  and  they  had  great  sport  over  them.  They 
enjoyed  to  the  full  all  the  beauties  of  that  wonderful  region, 
which  never  pall,  no  matter  how  often  one  visits  them  or  how 
long  one  remains  among  them.  During  this  trip  Miss  Shaw 
went  with  one  of  the  Yosemite  commissioners,  George  B.  Sperry, 
to  the  Mariposa  Big  Trees.  Two,  in  a  group  of  the  largest 
three,  were  christened  George  Washington  and  Abraham  Lin¬ 
coln,  and  he  offered  her  the  privilege  of  naming  the  third. 
She  gave  it  the  title  of  Susan  B.  Anthony,  it  was  appropriately 
marked,  and  thus  it  will  be  known  to  future  generations. 

At  San  Jose  they  were  the  guests  of  Mrs.  Sarah  Knox  Good¬ 
rich,  who  gave  a  dinner  for  them,  and  over  a  hundred  called 
during  the  evening.  Sunday  afternoon  Miss  Anthony  spoke 
in  the  Unitarian  church,  and  Monday  morning  addressed  the 
students  of  the  Normal  School.  At  noon  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Lowe  Watson  gave  a  luncheon  party  under  the  great  trees  at 
her  lovely  home,  Sunny  Brae,  where  the  ladies  spoke  in  the 
afternoon  to  several  hundred  people  from  neighboring  ranches. 


832 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


In  the  evening  they  lectured  at  San  Jose  and,  although  fifty 
cents  admission  was  charged,  not  nearly  all  who  had  bought 
tickets  could  get  into  the  building.  When  they  left  for  Los 
Angeles  Mrs.  Goodrich  slipped  into  the  hand  of  each  $50  in 
gold,  as  a  present ;  just  as  Mrs.  Sargent  had  done  when  they 
left  San  Francisco. 

Long  before  Miss  Anthony  had  started  for  California,  cordial 
invitations  had  been  received  from  the  southern  part  of  the 
State,  from  old  friends  and  new.  It  was  of  course  impossible 
to  accept  more  than  a  small  fraction  of  these,  but  from  the  time 
the  twain  reached  Los  Angeles,  there  was  one  continuous  ova¬ 
tion.  On  the  evening  of  their  arrival,  June  12,  they  addressed 
an  audience  of  over  2,000  in  Simpson  tabernacle,  which  had 
been  transformed  into  a  bower  of  choicest  blossoms.  While  in 
the  city  they  were  the  guests  of  Mrs.  Caroline  M.  Severance, 
with  whom  Miss  Anthony  had  worked  for  suffrage  in  Ohio 
forty  years  before. 

In  Riverside  a  reception  was  given  them  at  the  Glenwood  by 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  M.  Richardson,  relatives  of  Miss  Anthony. 
The  beautiful  drives  for  which  that  place  is  famous  were  greatly 
enjoyed,  and  they  went  into  raptures  over  the  oranges,  which 
they  never  before  had  seen  in  such  quantities.  They  spoke  to 
a  large  audience  in  the  handsomely  decorated  Methodist  taber¬ 
nacle  at  Pasadena.  While  here  they  were  the  guests  of  Mrs. 
P.  C.  Baker,  on  Orange  Avenue,  and  received  many  social  at¬ 
tentions  from  the  people  of  this  lovely  little  city.  Thence  they 
went  to  Pomona,  where  they  were  met  at  the  station  by  a  dele¬ 
gation  of  ladies,  escorted  to  the  Palomares  Hotel,  and  found 
the  committee  had  adorned  their  rooms  with  flowers  in  a  pro¬ 
fusion  which  would  be  impossible  outside  of  California.  They 
spoke  here  also  in  the  Methodist  church.  The  next  day  Miss 
Shaw  preached  in  Los  Angeles  and  Miss  Anthony  spent  the 
Sunday  at  Whittier  with  Mrs.  Harriet  R.  Strong  at  her  ranche, 
so  widely  noted  for  its  walnut  groves  and  pampas  fields. 

Monday  morning  they  journeyed  to  San  Diego  where  they 
were  the  guests  of  Miss  Anthony’s  niece,  Mrs.  George  L. 
Baker.  Elaborate  preparations  had  been  made  to  receive  them 


THE  SECOND  VISIT  TO  CALIFORNIA. 


833 


and  they  addressed  a  large  audience  in  the  evening.  The  next 
afternoon  a  reception  was  given  at  the  Hotel  Florence  by  all 
the  woman’s  clubs  of  the  city.  The  Union  said  :  “  The  two 

guests  of  honor  were  simply  loaded  and  garlanded  with  flowers. 
They  were  presented  with  baskets  of  sweet  peas  by  the  Y.  W. 
C.  A.,  yellow  blossoms  by  the  suffrage  club,  red,  white  and  blue 
by  the  Datus  Coon  corps  ;  bouquets  of  white  roses  by  the  W.  C. 
T.  U.,  of  red  and  white  carnations  in  a  holder  of  blue  satin  by 
Heintzelman  W.  R.  C.,  of  red  roses  by  the  Woman’s  League,  of 
pink  roses  by  the  Jewish  women.  There  was  music  by  an 
orchestra  as  an  accompaniment  to  the  sociability  of  the  occa¬ 
sion,  in  which  some  700  women  participated  during  the  after¬ 
noon.” 

The  following  day  a  picnic  was  given  by  the  Woman’s  Club 
at  “  Olivewood,”  the  home  of  Mrs.  Flora  M.  Kimball,  near 
National  City,  where  tables  were  spread  on  the  lawn  for  the  200 
guests  who  came  by  train  and  carriage.  That  same  evening,  by 
request  of  many  who  could  not  be  present  at  the  first  meeting, 
the  two  ladies  lectured  again  in  San  Diego.  The  next  day  they 
returned  to  Los  Angeles,  laden  with  souvenirs  of  their  delight¬ 
ful  visit ;  and  that  evening,  without  an  hour’s  rest,  addressed 
a  mass  meeting  there. 

The  following  day  the  Los  Angeles  Herald  gave  an  excursion 
to  Santa  Monica  in  their  honor.  The  ladies  of  that  pretty  sea¬ 
side  resort,  under  the  leadership  of  Mrs.  C.  H.  Ivens,  met 
them  with  carriages  and  conducted  them  to  the  Hotel  Arcadia. 
After  luncheon,  as  they  started  for  the  hall  where  they  were  to 
speak,  twelve  little  girls  strewed  flowers  in  their  pathway,  and 
after  the  addresses  twelve  large  bouquets  of  choice  blossoms 
were  laid  at  their  feet.  They  were  taken  for  a  long  drive  by 
Mrs.  E.  J.  Gorham,  then  to  the  residence  of  her  brother,  Sen¬ 
ator  John  P.  Jones  ;  and  at  the  close  of  a  lovely  day,  returned 
to  Los  Angeles.  That  evening  a  reception  was  given  them  by 
Mrs.  Mark  Sibley  Severance,  which  Miss  Anthony  always  re- 
membei  ed  as  one  of  the  handsomest  m  her  long  experience. 
The  next  morning  they  met  a  committee  from  the  suffrage  club 
Ant. — 53 


834 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


and  had  a  conference  on  the  broad  piazza  of  their  hostess  in 
regard  to  the  work  of  the  coming  campaign  ;  and  in  the  after¬ 
noon  took  the  train  for  San  Francisco,  after  two  of  the  most 
delightful  weeks  in  all  their  recollection.  An  especially  grati¬ 
fying  feature  was  the  attitude  of  the  press  of  Southern  Califor¬ 
nia.  There  had  been  scarcely  a  discordant  note  in  the  ex¬ 
tended  reports  of  the  public  meetings  and  social  entertainments, 
and  the  editorial  comments  on  the  two  ladies  and  the  cause  of 
which  they  were  leading  representatives,  were  dignified,  fair 
and  friendly.1 

They  reached  San  Francisco  June  24  and  were  welcomed  at 
the  ferry  by  a  number  of  friends  from  the  two  cities.  The  next 
day  they  were  entertained  at  an  elaborate  dinner-party  of  ladies 
and  gentlemen  in  the  artistic  home  of  Mrs.  Emma  Shafter 
Howard,  of  Oakland.  From  the  table  they  went  at  once  to  the 
evening  meeting.  The  Enquirer  said:  “  It  needed  no  pre¬ 
liminary  brass  band  or  blare  of  trumpets  to  pack  the  Congre¬ 
gational  church  with  a  live  Oakland  audience.  The  simple 
announcement  that  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  Rev.  Anna  H. 
Shaw  were  to  speak  was  sufficient,  and  the  chairman,  Colonel 
John  P.  Irish,  looked  out  over  an  animated  sea  of  faces.’ ’ 

The  following  evening  the  San  Francisco  farewell  meeting 
was  held  in  Metropolitan  Temple.  Friday  and  Saturday  were 
filled  with  social  engagements,  sight-seeing  and  shopping.  On 
Sunday  Miss  Shaw  preached  in  the  California  street  Methodist 
church  in  the  morning  and  the  Second  Congregational  in  the 
evening,  while  Miss  Anthony  addressed  a  union  meeting  of  all 
the  colored  congregations  in  the  city  at  the  M.  E.  Zion  church, 
the  historic  building  in  which  Starr  King  preached  before  the 
war.  Monday  they  spoke  again  at  the  Ministers’  Meeting. 
The  fact  that  they  would  be  present  had  been  announced  in  the 
papers,  and  ministers  of  all  denominations  were  there  from 
most  of  the  towns  within  a  radius  of  forty  miles.  Miss  An¬ 
thony  told  them  in  vigorous  language  :  11  The  reason  why 

they,  as  a  class,  had  so  little  influence  with  men  of  business 

1  The  Los  Angeles  Times,  Harrison  Gray  Otis,  editor,  furnished  the  only  exception  of  any 
importance  to  this  rule. 


THE  SECOND  VISIT  TO  CALIFORNIA. 


835 


and  political  affairs  was  because  the  vast  majority  of  the  peo¬ 
ple  they  represented  had  neither  money  nor  votes  ;  that  if  four 
or  five  hundred  ministers  of  the  State  should  go  up  to  Sacra¬ 
mento  to  ask  for  any  legislation,  they  would  be  treated  politely 
and  bowed  out  precisely  as  would  so  many  of  their  women 
church  members.  Whereas,  on  the  other  hand,  one  manu¬ 
facturer,  one  railroad  official,  one  brewer  or  distiller,  could  go 
before  the  same  body  and  get  whatever  he  asked,  because  every 
member  would  know  that  behind  this  request  were  not  only 
thousands  of  dollars  but  thousands  of  votes.”  The  ministers 
seemed  to  realize  fully  the  force  of  this  statement  and  many  ex¬ 
pressed  themselves  thoroughly  in  favor  of  the  enfranchisement 
of  women. 

The  State  Suffrage  Association,  with  a  good  delegate  repre¬ 
sentation,  met  in  Golden  Gate  Hall,  July  3,  for  their  annual 
convention.  There  had  been  heretofore  some  dissensions  in 
this  organization  and,  at  this  critical  time,  co-operation  was 
so  vitally  necessary  that  the  friendly  offices  of  Miss  Anthony 
and  Miss  Shaw  were  requested  in  the  interests  of  harmony. 
In  view  of  the  arduous  campaign  approaching,  all  desired  that 
Mrs.  A.  A.  Sargent  should  accept  the  presidency,  and  the  close 
of  the  convention  found  the  forces  united  and  ready  for  work. 

The  Fourth  of  July  witnessed  the  last  public  appearance  of 
the  two  eminent  visitors,  and  thereby  hangs  a  tale.  The  last 
of  May  Miss  Anthony  had  received  from  the  chairman  of  the 
Fourth  of  July  Executive  Committee,  William  H.  Davis,  the 
following  :  “  Fully  realizing  the  great  importance  of  your  life- 
work,  and  rejoicing  with  you  in  the  certainty  that  the  fruition 
of  your  labors  and  hopes  is  now  no  longer  problematic,  but 
merely  a  question  of  days,  we  take  much  pleasure  in  extend¬ 
ing  to  you  the  right  hand  of  American  fellowship . 

We  cordially  invite  you  to  an  honorary  position  on  our  com¬ 
mittee,  and  hope  that  you  will  do  us  the  honor  of  allowing  us 
to  select  for  you  an  appropriate  and  prominent  place  in  the 
celebration  of  our  national  independence.” 

When  it  had  been  decided  to  celebrate  the  Fourth  on  a  more 
elaborate  scale  than  usual,  an  auxiliary  board  was  appointed, 


836  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

composed  of  the  leading  women  of  the  city,  with  Sarah  B. 
Cooper,  chairman.  Thinking  to  add  an  interesting  feature  to 
the  occasion,  she  requested  of  the  literary  committee  that  Rev. 
Anna  Shaw  be  placed  on  the  program  as  one  of  the  orators  of 
the  day.  To  her  amazement  she  was  refused  in  discourteous 
manner  and  language.  The  executive  committee,  learning  of 
this  action,  requested  that  it  should  be  reconsidered  and  Miss 
Shaw  invited  to  speak.  This  being  refused,  the  executive 
committee  notified  them  that  unless  it  was  done,  their  commit¬ 
tee  would  be  discharged  and  a  new  one  appointed.  They  then 
yielded  to  the  inevitable,  placing  Miss  Shaw’s  name  upon  the 
list  of  orators,  and  the  announcement  was  received  with  cheers 
by  all  the  other  committees.  The  reverend  lady  had  not  the 
slightest  desire  to  make  a  Fourth  of  July  speech,  but  she  did 
wish  to  see  Mrs.  Cooper  win  her  battle  with  the  little  sub-com¬ 
mittee.  Meanwhile  the  committee  in  Oakland,  P.  M.  Fisher, 
chairman,  did  not  wait  to  be  asked,  but  invited  her  to  deliver 
an  oration  in  that  city  as  soon  as  she  had  finished  in  San 
Francisco,  and  she  accepted. 

In  the  great  Fourth  of  July  procession,  the  very  next  carri¬ 
age  to  that  of  the  mayor  contained  Mrs.  Cooper,  Miss  Anthony 
and  Miss  Shaw,  and  the  rousing  cheers  of  the  people  along  the 
whole  line  of  march  showed  their  appreciation  of  the  victory 
gained  for  woman.  At  2  o’clock  in  the  afternoon  the  ladies 
took  seats  on  the  platform  at  Woodward’s  Pavilion,  facing  an 
audience  of  5,000  people.  San  Francisco  never  heard  such  an 
oration  as  was  delivered  that  day  by  the  little  Methodist 
preacher,  her  natural  eloquence  fired  by  the  efforts  to  prevent 
her  making  it.  After  she  had  finished  and  the  cheers  upon 
cheers  had  died  away,  there  was  a  great  shout  from  the  im¬ 
mense  crowd,  “  Miss  Anthony,  Miss  Anthony  !  ”  Finally  she 
was  obliged  to  come  forward  and,  when  a  stillness  had  settled 
upon  the  a-udience,  she  said  in  strong,  ringing  tones  :  “  You 

have  heard  today  a  great  deal  of  what  George  Washington, 
the  father  of  his  country,  said  a  hundred  years  ago.  I  will 
repeat  to  you  just  one  sentence  which  Abraham  Lincoln,  the 
savior  of  his  country,  uttered  within  the  present  generation  : 


THE  SECOND  VISIT  TO  CALIFORNIA. 


837 


‘  No  man  is  good  enough  to  govern  another  man  without  his 
consent.’  Now  I  say  unto  you,  ‘No  man  is  good  enough 
to  govern  any  woman  without  her  consent;  ’  ”  and  sat  down 
amidst  roars  of  applause. 

Miss  Shaw  had  been  placed  at  the  very  end  of  the  program 
and  when  she  got  out  into  the  street  it  was  5  o’clock.  It  would 
require  an  hour  to  reach  Oakland,  and  she  supposed  of  course 
some  one  had  telegraphed  the  situation  and  the  people  there 
had  long  since  gone  home  ;  but  this  had  not  been  done,  and  a 
great  audience  on  that  side  of  the  bay  had  assembled  in  the 
Tabernacle,  many  going  as  early  as  1  o’clock,  and  had  waited 
until  6.  Knowing  there  was  some  mistake  they  separated  with 
the  understanding  that  if  Miss  Shaw  could  be  secured  for  the 
evening  the  church  bells  would  be  rung.  That  lady  had  just 
seated  herself  at  the  dinner  table  when  a  telegram  was  received 
explaining  the  situation.  She  replied  at  once  :  “I  will  be 
with  you  at  half-past  eight.”  Miss  Anthony  would  not  let 
her  go  alone  and  so,  exhausted  as  they  both  were  by  the  hard 
demands  of  the  day,  they  crossed  the  bay,  reaching  Oakland  at 
8  o’clock.  No  one  was  at  the  station  to  meet  them,  so  they 
took  a  carriage  and  drove  to  the  Tabernacle  but  found  it  dark 
and  deserted.  They  then  went  the  rounds  of  the  churches, 
but  all  were  closed.  Finally  they  gave  up  in  despair  and 
made  the  long  journey  back  to  San  Francisco,  reaching  the 
Sargent  home  at  11  o’clock.  Why  the  telegram  was  not  re¬ 
ceived  was  never  satisfactorily  determined. 

After  a  meeting  with  the  amendment  campaign  committee 
the  next  morning  and  a  long  discussion  of  their  plan  of  work, 
the  travellers  started  eastward  at  6  p.  m.  They  were  met  at  the 
Oakland  ferry  by  a  crowd  of  friends  from  both  cities  with  flow¬ 
ers,  fruit  and  lunch  baskets,  and  left  amidst  a  shower  of 
affectionate  farewells.  They  carried  away  the  sweetest  memo¬ 
ries  of  a  lifetime  and  could  find  no  words  to  express  their  love 
and  admiration  for  the  people  of  California. 

Miss  Anthony  preserves,  as  a  memento  of  this  visit,  a  large 
scrap-book  of  over  200  pages  entirely  filled  with  personal 
notices  from  the  newspapers  of  that  State  during  the  six  weeks 


838 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


of  her  stay,  all,  with  a  few  exceptions,  of  such  a  character  as 
to  make  their  reading  a  pleasure.  A  source  of  even  greater 
satisfaction  was  the  wide  discussion  of  woman  suffrage  which 
her  visit  had  inspired  and  the  favorable  consideration  accorded 
it  by  the  press.  In  the  months  which  followed  she  received 
scores  of  letters  from  California  women,  many  of  them  un¬ 
known  to  her,  expressing  the  sentiments  of  one  from  a  teacher, 
which  may  be  quoted  :  “  Many  of  us  who  could  attend  but 

few  of  the  meetings  and  had  not  even  time  to  meet  you  per¬ 
sonally,  have  caught  something  of  their  spirit  and  have  been 
with  you  in  heart.  We  bless  the  day  which  brought  you  to 
us  ;  for  your  kindly  words  to  women,  and  to  men  for 
women,  have  lifted  the  fog,  and  the  veiling  mists  are  drifting 
away,  leaving  us  a  clearer  view  of  our  duty  not  only  to  hu¬ 
manity  but  to  ourselves.  You  have  left  a  trail  of  light.” 


CHAPTER  XLVI. 


mrs.  stanton’s  birthday — the  bible  resolution. 


1895—1896. 


N  the  way  homeward  they  were  met  at  every  large 
station  by  friends  with  something  to  add  to  the 
pleasure  of  their  trip.  Miss  Shaw  went  through 
to  Chicago,  but  Miss  Anthony  journeyed  towards 
Leavenworth.  She  dined  with  friends  at  Topeka, 
and  while  waiting  in  the  station,  one  of  them  remarked, 
“We  are  to  have  our  suffrage  meeting  tomorrow,  what  shall 
we  tell  them  from  you  ?  ”  In  a  spirit  of  fun  she  dashed  off  a 
resolution  saying  that  “  since  130,000  Kansas  men  declared 
themselves  against  woman  suffrage  at  the  late  election  and  74,- 
000  showed  their  opposition  by  not  voting;  therefore  it  is  the 
duty  of  every  self-respecting  woman  in  the  State  to  fold  her 
hands  and  refuse  to  help  any  religious,  charitable  or  moral  re¬ 
form  or  any  political  association,  until  the  men  shall  strike 
the  adjective  ‘  male  ’  from  the  suffrage  clause  of  the  consti¬ 
tution.” 

She  was  in  Topeka  only  five  hours,  but  during  that  time  at¬ 
tended  a  dinner  party,  gave  a  two-column  interview  to  a  re¬ 
porter  from  each  of  the  city  papers,  and  furnished  a  resolution 
which  set  all  the  newspapers  in  the  country  by  the  ears. 
“Talk  about  hysterics,”  she  said,  laughingly,  as  she  read  the 
clippings,  “  it  takes  the  editors  to  have  ’em,  if  they  are  opposed 
to  woman  suffrage  and  can  get  hold  of  something  to  help  them 
out.”  Any  one  who  could  have  the  patience  to  read  the  fear¬ 
ful  morals  which  were  deduced,  the  frightful  sermons  which 
were  preached,  from  what  was  intended  as  a  joking  resolution, 
would  quite  agree  with  her.  Even  had  it  been  meant  seriously, 

(839) 


840 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


it  would  have  been  only  such  retaliation  as  men  would  have 
visited  upon  women  had  the  latter  been  possessed  of  the  power 
and  voted  three  to  one  to  take  the  ballot  away  from  them. 

She  visited  a  week  in  Leavenworth  and  Fort  Scott,  arrived 
at  Chicago  July  15,  and  was  thus  described  by  a  Herald  re¬ 
porter  : 

Miss  Anthony  has  grown  slightly  thinner  since  she  was  in  Chicago  attend¬ 
ing  the  World’s  Fair  Congresses,  thinner  and  more  spiritual-looking.  As  she 
sat  last  night  with  her  transparent  hands  grasping  the  arms  of  her  chair,  her 
thin,  hatchet  face  and  white  hair,  with  only  her  keen  eyes  flashing  light  and 
fire,  she  looked  like  Pope  Leo  XIII.  The  whole  physical  being  is  as  nearly 
submerged  as  possible  in  a  great  mentality.  She  recalls  facts,  figures,  names 
and  dates  with  unerring  accuracy.  It  was  no  Argus-eyed  autocrat  who  told 
with  pardonable  pride  last  night  of  howr  her  chair  at  every  great  function  in 
San  Francisco  was  hung  with  floral  wreaths,  how  bouquets  were  piled  at  her 
feet  until  she  could  scarcely  step  for  them.  It  was  a  pleasing  story,  told  by  a 
sweet  old  woman,  of  honors  which  she  accepted  for  the  sake  of  a  beloved  cause. 

The  next  day  she  resumed  her  journey  with  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Gross  and  Harriet  Hosmer,  who  were  going  to  Bar  Harbor.  She 
reached  her  own  home  at  daybreak,  and  here,  the  diary  shows, 
she  sat  down  on  the  steps  of  the  front  porch  and  read  the  paper 
for  an  hour  or  two  rather  than  disturb  her  sister’s  morning  nap. 
The  first  word  received  from  Miss  Shaw  was  that  she  had  arrived 
at  her  summer  home  on  Cape  Cod  with  a  raging  fever,  the 
result  of  the  great  strain  of  constant  speaking  and  travelling 
so  many  weeks  without  rest,  and  she  continued  alarmingly  ill 
the  remainder  of  the  summer.  She  was  much  distressed  be¬ 
cause  of  an  engagement  she  had  to  lecture  to  the  Chautauqua 
Assembly  at  Lakeside,  0.,  and  to  relieve  her  mind  Miss 
Anthony  telegraphed  her  that  she  would  go  in  her  place.  She 
herself  felt  not  the  slightest  ill  effect  from  her  journey,  and  the 
long  interviews  published  in  all  the  Rochester  papers  during 
the  week  she  was  at  home,  displayed  the  keenest  and  strongest 

mental  power.  She  reached  Lakeside  on  the  25th  of  Julv  and 

«/ 

the  next  day  spoke  to  a  large  audience.  Towards  the  close  of 
her  address,  she  ended  abruptly,  dropped  into  her  chair  and 
sank  into  a  dead  faint. 

She  was  taken  at  once  to  Mrs.  Southworth’s  summer  home, 


mrs.  stanton’s  birthday — the  bible  resolution.  841 

at  which  she  was  a  guest,  and  telegrams  were  sent  out  by  the 
pi  ess  reporters  announcing  that  she  could  not  live  till  morning. 
She  learned  afterwards  that  long  obituary  notices  were  put  in 
type  in  many  of  the  newspaper  offices.  One  Chicago  paper 
telegraphed  its  correspondent :  “  5,000  words  if  still  living  ; 

no  limit,  if  dead.”  She  was  very  much  vexed  at  this  momen¬ 
tary  weakness  and,  using  her  will-power,  by  the  next  day  had 
rallied  sufficiently  to  return  home.  The  national  suffrage 
business  committee,  by  previous  arrangement,  met  at  her 
house,  and  she  forced  herself  to  keep  up  for  two  days,  but  felt 
very  dull  and  tired,  and  on  the  morning  of  July  30  she  did 
not  rise.  A  physician  was  summoned  and  a  trained  nurse, 
and  for  a  month  she  lay  helpless  with  nervous  prostration  ; 
her  first  serious  illness  in  seventy-five  years. 

She  is  quoted  as  saying  that  if  she  “had  pinched  herself 
light  hard  she  would  not  have  fainted.”  One  of  the  papers 
remarked  that  “  then  she  never  would  have  known  how  much 
the  American  people  thought  of  her.”  Every  newspaper  had 
something  pleasant  to  say,1  many  friends  wrote  letters  of  sym¬ 
pathy,  and  scores  whom  she  had  not  known  personally 
sent  their  words  of  admiration.  Only  her  body  was  weak, 
her  mind  was  abnormally  alert ;  she  appreciated  all  that  was 
said  and  done  for  her,  and  remarked  often  that  this  was  the 
only  real  rest  of  her  lifetime.  A  number  of  relatives  came  to 
visit  her,  and  a  little  later  Mrs.  Coonley  and  Mrs.  Sewall.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Gross  also  stopped  on  their  way  home,  the  latter 
leaving  $50  for  “  the  very  prettiest  wrapper  that  could  be  had.” 
From  her  old  anti-slavery  co-worker,  Samuel  May,  now  eighty- 
five,  came  the  words  : 

I  suppose  there  is  hardly  another  person  in  the  United  States,  man  or 

1  The  following  from  the  Wichita  Eagle  is  noteworthy  because  in  the  Kansas  campaign 
the  year  before,  and  in  all  previous  years,  it  had  been  abusive  beyond  description  and  had 
at  all  times  put  every  possible  stumbling-block  in  the  way  of  woman  suffrage  and  berated 
all  who  advocated  it : 

“  What  an  experience  Miss  Anthony  has  had !  None  but  a  remarkable  woman  could  have 
accepted  such  a  life-work  at  a  time  when  prejudice  and  education  ran  all  in  the  opposite 
direction.  Finely-balanced  and  self-educated  as  to  her  special  cause,  she  has  not  only  won 
a  name  and  fame  world-wide,  but  turned  perceptibly  the  entire  current  of  human  convic¬ 
tion.  And  she  has  been,  through  it  all,  the  modest  woman,  truly  womanly.  The  men  and 
women  of  this  country-of  the  world-who  believe  that  the  ballot  for  woman  means  better 
government  and  the  elevation  of  society  to  a  higher  plane,  must  ever  recognize  Susan  B 
Anthony  as  the  real  pioneer  prophetess  of  the  cause,  for  so  will  history  record  her.” 


842 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


woman,  who  has  been  engaged  in  actual  hard  public  labor  so  long  as  your¬ 
self  ;  and  is  it  not  a  part  of  your  business  and  a  part  of  your  duty — in  view  of 
the  unattained  results  —to  allow  yourself  larger  spaces  of  rest  and  to  put  upon 
yourself  more  moderate  and  less  exhausting  tasks  ?  We  would  not  willingly 
see  you  retire  from  the  field  altogether ;  therefore  we  want  you  to  do  less  of 
the  common  soldier’s  work  and  take  charge  of  the  reserves,  keeping  watch 
from  your  tower  of  experience,  and  personally  appearing  only  when  and 
where  the  enemy  rallies  in  unusual  numbers  or  with  unusual  craftiness.  This 
does  not  imply  a  lessening  of  your  usefulness  but  an  increase,  being  a  wiser 
application  of  your  strength  and  resources. 

From  Parker  Pillsbury,  the  old  comrade,  aged  eighty-six  : 
“We  have  heard  of  your  late  illness,  a  warning  to  constant 
prudence  and  care  for  your  health  as  you  come  down  to  ‘  life’s 
latest  stage.’  Hold  on,  my  dear — our  dear — Susan,  hold  on 
to  the  last  hour  possible.  You  have  seen  great  and  glorious 
changes,  almost  revolutions,  but  yet  how  much  remains  to  be 
encountered  and  accomplished.  .  .  .We  shall  hope  you 

may  live  to  see  the  one  grand  achievement — the  equal  civil 
and  political  rights  of  all  women  before  the  law.  Then  you 
may  well  say  :  ‘  Lord,  now  lettest  Thou  Thy  servant  depart 

in  peace;  for  mine  eyes  have  seen  Thy  salvation.’  ” 

Mrs.  Stanton  wrote :  “I  never  realized  how  desolate  the 
world  would  be  to  me  without  you  until  I  heard  of  your  sudden 
illness.  Let  me  urge  you  with  all  the  strength  I  have,  and  all 
the  love  I  bear  you,  to  stay  at  home  and  rest  and  save  your 
precious  self.”  From  Mrs.  Cooper  this  urgent  message: 
“You  are  too  far  along  in  years  to  work  as  hard  as  you  do. 
Take  it  easy,  my  beloved  friend,  and  let  your  young  lieuten¬ 
ants  bear  the  heat  and  burden  of  the  day,  while  you  give 
directions  from  the  hill-top  of  survey.  Age  has  the  right  to 
be  peaceful,  as  childhood  has  the  right  to  be  playful.  You 
are  the  youngest  of  us  all,  nevertheless  nature  cries  a  halt  and 
you  must  obey  her  call  in  order  to  be  with  us  as  our  leader  for 
a  score  of  years  to  come.” 

There  is  a  long  hiatus  in  the  diary,  and  then  for  many  days 
the  brief  entry,  “  On  the  mend.”  In  September  she  began  to 
walk  out  a  little  and  then  to  call  on  the  nearest  friends,  and 
by  the  last  of  the  month  she  attended  a  few  committee  meet¬ 
ings.  The  rumor  had  been  persistently  circulated  that  she 


mrs.  stanton’s  birthday — the  bible  resolution.  843 

was  to  resign  the  presidency  of  the  National-American  Associa¬ 
tion  and  retire  to  private  life.  In  fact,  she  never  had  the 
slightest  intention  of  giving  up  active  work.  She  realized 
that  inactivity  meant  stagnation  and  hastened  both  physical 
and  mental  decay,  and  she  was  determined  to  keep  on  and 
“drop  in  the  harness  ”  when  the  time  came  to  stop.1  It  was 
evident,  however,  that  she  must  have  relief  in  her  immense 
correspondence.  This  she  recognized,  and  so  secured  an  effi¬ 
cient  stenographer  and  typewriter  in  Mrs.  Emma  B.  Sweet, 
who  assumed  her  duties  October  1,  1895.  The  five  large  files 
packed  with  copies  of  letters  sent  out  during  the  remaining 
months  of  the  year  show  how  pressing  was  the  need  of  her 
services.  Miss  Anthony  relates  in  her  diary  with  much  satis¬ 
faction,  that  she  “  managed  to  have  a  letter  at  every  State  suf¬ 
frage  convention  held  that  fall.” 

She  thought  possibly  she  might  have  to  work  a  little  more 
moderately  for  a  while,  and  one  of  her  first  letters  was  written 
to  the  head  of  the  Slayton  Lecture  Bureau:  “I  should  love 
dearly  to  say  ‘  yes  ’  to  your  proposition  for  a  series  of  lectures 
at  $100  a  night.  Nothing  short  of  that  would  tempt  me  to  go 
on  the  lyceum  platform  again,  and  even  to  that,  for  the  pres¬ 
ent,  I  must  say  ‘  nay.’  I  am  resolved  to  be  a  home-body  the 
coming  year,  with  the  exception  of  attending  the  celebration 
of  Mrs.  Stanton’s  eightieth  birthday  and  our  regular  Washing¬ 
ton  convention.”  Among  the  characteristic  short  letters  is 
this  to  Dr.  Sarah  Hackett  Stevenson,  of  Chicago,  who  had 
asked  for  a  word  of  encouragement  in  regard  to  a  hospital  she 
was  founding  for  mothers  whose  children  were  born  out  of  wed¬ 
lock  : 

I  hope  your  beneficent  enterprise  may  succeed.  I  trust  the  day  will  come 

1  Miss  Anthony  was  many  times  besought  to  tell  the  secret  of  her  wonderful  vitality  and 
power  for  work,  and  on  one  occasion  wrote  the  following : 

“As  machinery  in  motion  lasts  longer  than  when  lying  idle,  so  a  body  and  soul  in  active 
exercise  escape  the  corroding  rust  of  physical  and  mental  laziness,  which  prematurely  cuts 
off  the  life  of  so  many  women.  I  believe  I  am  able  to  endure  the  strain  of  daily  travelling 
and  lecturing  at  over  threescore  years  and  ten,  mainly  because  I  have  always  worked  and 
loved  work.  As  to  my  habits  of  life,  it  has  been  impossible  for  me  to  have  fixed  rules 
for  eating,  resting,  sleeping,  etc.  The  only  advice  I  could  give  a  young  person  on  this  point 
would  be :  ‘  Live  as  simply  as  you  can.  Eat  what  you  find  agrees  with  your  constitution— 
when  you  can  get  it ;  sleep  whenever  you  are  sleepy,  and  think  as  little  of  these  details  as 
possible.’  ” 


844 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


when  there  will  be  no  such  unfortunate  mothers,  but  until  then,  it  certainly 
is  the  duty  of  society  to  provide  for  them.  The  first  step  towards  bringing 
that  day  is  to  make  women  not  only  self-supporting  but  able  to  win  positions 
of  honor  and  emolument.  Since  no  disfranchished  class  of  men  ever  had 
equal  chances  in  the  world,  it  is  fair  to  conclude  that  the  first  requisite  to 
bring  them  to  women  is  enfranchisement.  It  is  not  that  all  when  enfran¬ 
chised  will  be  capable,  honest  and  chaste,  but  it  is  that  they  will  possess  the 
power  to  control  their  own  conditions  and  those  of  society  equally  with  men. 
Therefore  my  panacea  for  the  ills  which  your  hospital  would  fain  mitigate  is 
the  ballot  in  the  hands  of  women. 

The  editor  of  the  Voice  wrote  for  her  opinion  as  to  the  cause 
of  the  prevailing  “hard  times/’  and  she  answered: 

The  work  of  my  life  has  been  less  to  find  out  the  causes  of  men’s  failure  to 
successfully  manage  affairs,  than  to  try  to  show  them  their  one  great  failure 
in  attempting  to  make  a  successful  government  without  the  help  of  women. 
It  used  to  be  said  in  anti-slavery  days  that  a  people  who  would  tacitly  con¬ 
sent  to  the  enslavement  of  4,000,000  human  beings,  were  incapable  of  being 
just  to  each  other,  and  I  believe  the  same  rule  holds  with  regard  to  the  injus¬ 
tice  practiced  by  men  towards  women.  So  long  as  all  men  conspire  to  rob 
women  of  their  citizen’s  right  to  perfect  equality  in  all  the  privileges  and 
immunities  of  our  so-called  “  free  ”  government,  we  can  not  expect  these 
same  men  to  be  capable  of  perfect  justice  to  each  other.  On  the  contrary, 
the  inevitable  result  must  be  trusts,  monopolies  and  all  sorts  of  schemes  to 
get  an  undue  share  of  the  proceeds  of  labor.  There  is  money  enough  in  this 
country  today  in  the  hands  of  the  few,  if  justly  distributed,  to  make  “good 
times  ”  for  all. 

Reporters  were  constantly  besieging  her  for  her  views  on 
“  bloomers,”  which  had  been  re-introduced  by  the  bicycle, 
and  she  usually  replied  in  effect : 

My  opinion  about  “bloomers”  and  dress  generally  for  both  men  and 
women  is  that  people  should  dress  to  accommodate  whatever  business  or 
pastime  they  pursue.  It  would  be  quite  out  of  good  taste  as  well  as  good 
sense,  for  a  woman  to  go  to  her  daily  work  with  trailing  skirts,  flowing 
sleeves,  fringes  and  laces ;  and  certainly,  if  women  ride  the  bicycle  or  climb 
mountains,  they  should  don  a  costume  which  will  permit  them  the  use  of 
their  legs.  It  is  very  funny  that  it  is  ever  and  always  the  men  who  are 
troubled  about  the  propriety  of  the  women’s  costume.  My  one  word  about 
the  “bloomers  ”  or  any  other  sort  of  dress,  is  that  every  woman,  like  every 
man,  should  be  permitted  to  wear  exactly  what  she  chooses. 

When  women  have  equal  chances  in  the  world  they  will  cease  to  live 
merely  to  please  the  conventional  fancy  of  men.  As  long  as  there  was  no 
alternative  for  women  but  to  marry,  it  was  about  as  much  as  any  woman’s 


mrs.  stanton’s*  birthday — the  bible  resolution.  845 

life  was  worth  to  be  an  old  maid,  and  her  one  idea  was  to  dress  and  behave 
so  as  to  escape  this  fate.  She  now  has  other  objects  in  life,  and  her  new  lib¬ 
erty  has  brought  with  it  a  freedom  in  matters  of  dress  which  is  cause  for 
rejoicing. 

These  opinions  might  be  multiplied  almost  to  infinity  and 
all  would  emphasize  two  points  :  1st,  the  broad  views  enter¬ 
tained  by  Miss  Anthony  on  all  questions,  based  on  her  idea  of 
individual  freedom,  the  same  for  both  sexes  ;  2d,  her  funda¬ 
mental  belief  that,  until  women  cease  to  be  a  subject  class,  and 
until  they  stand  upon  the  plane  of  perfect  equality  of  rights 
and  privileges,  there  can  be  no  such  thing  as  a  fair  solution  or 
adjustment  of  the  issues  of  the  day,  either  great  or  small;  in  other 
words,  that  these  can  not  be  satisfactorily  and  permanently  set¬ 
tled  through  the  judgment  and  decision  of  only  one-half  the 
people. 

On  October  18  she  celebrated  her  complete  recovery  by  ac¬ 
cepting  an  invitation  to  “  come  and  take  a  cup  of  tea  with 
Aunt  Maria  Porter,”  in  honor  of  her  ninetieth  birthday.  She 
was  obliged  to  cancel  her  engagement  to  speak  at  the  Atlanta 
Exposition,  but  during  this  month  made  a  trial  of  her  strength 
by  an  hour’s  speech  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Monroe 
County  Suffrage  Club  at  Brockport,  “  attempting  it,”  she  says, 
“  with  fear  and  trembling,  but  going  through  as  if  I  never  had 
had  a  scare.”  Assured  by  this  that  she  had  herself  well  in 
hand  once  more,  she  went  to  Ashtabula,  Ohio,  for  a  three 
days’  convention  of  the  State  association,  attending  every  busi¬ 
ness  meeting  and  public  session.  This  fact  being  duly  her¬ 
alded  in  the  newspapers,  they  put  the  obituary  notices  back 
into  their  pigeonholes. 

She  started  for  New  York  November  6  to  be  present  at  an 
event  to  which  she  had  looked  forward  with  more  pleasure  than 
to  anything  of  that  nature  in  all  her  life — the  celebration  of  the 
eightieth  birthday  of  Mrs.  Stanton.  At  the  convention  in 
February  it  had  been  unanimously  decided  that  the  National- 
American  Association  should  have  charge  of  this,  but  at  the 
Woman’s  Council  in  Washington  it  was  agreed  that  it  would 


846 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


have  greater  significance  if  held  under  the  auspices  of  that 
body,  which  cheerfully  accepted  the  charge.  Its  new  presi¬ 
dent,  Mary  Lowe  Dickinson,  urged  Miss  Anthony  to  take  the 
chairmanship  of  the  committee  of  arrangements,  insisting  that 
no  one  else  could  make  so  great  a  success  of  it,  but  Miss  An¬ 
thony  assured  her  of  what  afterwards  proved  to  be  true,  that 
no  one  could  manage  the  affair  more  perfectly  than  Mrs.  Dick- 
inson'lierself. 

Naturally  many  of  the  suffrage  women  resented  having  any 
one  outside  their  own  association  as  the  leader  on  this  great 
occasion,  and  Lillie  Devereux  Blake  wrote:  “  Mrs.  Stanton 
stands  for  suffrage  above  all  else  and  she  should  be  honored  by 
our  societies.  To  have  the  celebration  under  the  charge  of  the 
secretary  of  the  King’s  Daughters,  an  orthodox  organization, 
seems  very  much  out  of  taste,  greatly  as  I  honor  Mrs.  Dickin¬ 
son.  I  do  not  think  any  one  else  will  make  the  celebration 
such  a  success  as  you  would  ;  you,  the  long-time  companion  and 
co-worker  with  our  dear  leader,  are  the  person  who  should  be  at 
the  head  and,  with  your  admirable  manner  as  a  presiding  officer, 
you  would  give  a  tone  to  it  that  no  one  else  could.”  To  this 
Miss  Anthony  replied  : 

All  of  you  fail  to  see  the  higher  honor  to  Mrs.  Stanton  in  having  the  cele¬ 
bration  mothered  by  a  great  body  composed  of  twenty  national  societies, 
instead  of  by  only  our  one.  Surely,  for  all  classes  of  women— liberal,  ortho¬ 
dox,  Jewish,  Mormon,  suffrage  and  anti-suffrage,  native  and  foreign,  black  and 
white  to  unite  in  paying  a  tribute  of  respect  to  the  greatest  woman  reformer, 
philosopher  and  statesman  of  the  century,  will  be  the  realization  of  Mrs. 
Stanton’s  most  optimistic  dream.  I  am  surprised  and  delighted  at  the  action 
of  the  council.  It  shows  a  breadth  and  comprehensiveness  on  the  part  of  the 
leaders  of  its  twenty -in-one  organization  of  which  I  am  very  proud.  Of  course 
Mrs.  Stanton  stands  for  suffrage  first,  last  and  all  the  time,  and  the  conserva¬ 
tive  women  who  join  in  this  celebration  do  so  knowing  that  she  stands  thus 
for  a  free  and  enfranchised  womanhood. 

Don’t  you  see  that  for  Anthony  to  head  the  fray,  preside  and  be  general 
master  of  ceremonies,  would  reduce  it  to  a  mere  mutual  admiration  affair  ? 
The  celebration  is  not  taken  away  from  us.  We,  the  suffrage  women,  will 
have  our  modicum  of  time  to  set  forth  what  Mrs.  Stanton  has  done  for  our 
specific  cause,  and  the  other  women  will  have  theirs.  O,  no,  my  dear,  it  is 
not  possible  that  the  greater  can  be  less  than  one  of  the  parts  which  com¬ 
pose  it. 


mrs.  stanton’s  birthday — the  bible  resolution.  847 


Her  own  “girls,”  Mrs.  Sewall  and  Mrs.  Avery,  could  not 
help  being  a  little  jealous  for  their  general,  and  insisted  that 
her  name  should  head  the  invitations,  but  to  them  she 
wrote  : 

Do  you  not  see  that  for  Susan  B.  Anthony’s  name  to  stand  at  the  top,  will 
frighten  the  conservatives  ?  Everybody  will  conclude  that  the  big  suffrage 
elephant  has  possessed  the  council,  body  and  soul — all  thrust  into  the  suffrage 
hopper  and  the  wheel  turned  by  S.  B.  A.  To  make  me  chairman  will  wholly 
spoil  the  intention  of  the  council,  which  is  and  should  be  to  bring  the  fruits 
of  Mrs.  Stanton’s  first  demand,  fifty  years  ago,  and  lay  them  at  her  feet;  not 
only  the  suffrage  children,  but  those  of  education,  literature,  science,  reform, 
religion,  all  as  one.  If  Mrs.  Dickinson  single  out  the  hoofed  and  horned 
head  of  suffrage  as  the  commander-in-chief,  not  only  the  nineteen  other 
societies  but  all  the  world  outside  will  say  it  is  suffrage  after  all ;  which  it 
wTill  be,  because  the  others  won’t  train  under  our  leadership.  No,  no ;  Mrs. 
Dickinson  herself  must  be  the  chief  cook  of  this  broth  and  appoint  her  own 
lieutenants,  one  of  whom,  with  name  far  down  in  the  middle  of  the  list,  I 
shall  be  most  happy  to  be,  and  do  all  I  possibly  can  to  help,  but  always  in 
the  name  of  the  president  of  the  council. 

She  was  true  to  her  word,  and  in  every  way  assisted  Mrs. 
Dickinson  in  the  immense  amount  of  preparation  necessary 
for  what  was  the  largest  and  most  perfect  affair  of  this  nature 
ever  given  in  America.  At  her  request  Miss  Anthony  wrote 
over  a  hundred  letters  to  collect  funds,  secure  the  presence  of 
the  pioneer  workers  among  women,  etc.,  but  still  insisted  on 
keeping  herself  so  much  in  the  background  as  even  to  refuse 
to  make  one  of  the  principal  speeches  of  the  occasion.  When 
she  reached  New  York,  she  went  for  the  night  to  her  cousin, 
Mrs.  Lapham,  and  early  the  next  morning  to  Mrs.  Stanton’s 
to  read  over  the  birthday  speech,  of  which  she  writes  :  “  My 

only  criticism  was  that  she  did  not  rest  her  case  after  describ¬ 
ing  the  wonderful  advance  made  in  state,  church,  society  and 
home,  instead  of  going  on  to  single  out  the  church  and  declare 
it  to  be  especially  slow  in  accepting  the  doctrine  of  equality  to 
women.  I  tried  to  make  her  see  that  it  had  advanced  as 
rapidly  as  the  other  departments  but  I  did  not  succeed,  and  it 
is  right  that  she  should  express  her  own  ideas,  not  mine.” 

The  next  day  she  went  to  Newburgh  to  address  the  State  con¬ 
vention,  returning  to  New  York  on  the  9th.  Friends  had 


848 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


come  from  all  parts  of  the  country  to  attend  the  celebration, 
and  the  three  days  following  were  pleasantly  spent  in  visiting 
with  them  at  the  different  hotels.  On  the  evening  of  the  12th 
occurred  the  birthday  fete.  There  is  not  room  in  these  pages 
to  describe  in  full  that  magnificent  gathering,  the  great  Metro¬ 
politan  Opera  House  crowded  from  pit  to  dome,  each  of  the 
boxes  brilliantly  and  appropriately  decorated  and  occupied  by 
the  representatives  of  some  organization  of  women.  On  the 
stage  was  a  throne  of  flowers  and  above  it  an  arch  with  the 
name  “  Stanton  ”  wrought  in  red  carnations  on  a  white 
ground.  When  Mrs.  Stanton  entered,  the  entire  audience  of 
3,000  rose  to  salute  her  with  waving  handkerchiefs.  At  the 

right  and  left  of  the  floral  throne  sat  Miss  Anthonv  and  Mrs. 

«/ 

Dickinson.  Instead  of  responding  with  a  set  speech,  when 
called  upon,  Miss  Anthony  paid  an  eloquent  tribute  to  the 
“  pioneers,  ”  and  then  read  the  most  important  of  the  one 
hundred  telegrams  of  congratulation  which  had  been  received 
from  noted  societies  and  eminent  men  and  women  in  the 
United  States  and  Europe.1  The  New  York  Sun  said  :  “  In 

ordinary  hands  this  task  would  have  been  dull  enough,  but 
Miss  Anthony  enlivened  it  with  her  wit  and  cleverness  and 
made  a  success  of  it.”  It  maybe  truly  said  that  notone 
woman  in  that  audience,  not  even  Mrs.  Stanton  herself,  was 
prouder  or  happier  than  Miss  Anthony  over  this  splendid 
ovation. 

1  Among  others  was  a  beautiful  testimonial  from  Theodore  Tilton,  who  had  been  for 
many  years  a  resident  of  Paris,  in  which  he  said : 

“At  the  present  day,  every  woman  who  seeks  the  legal  custody  of  her  children,  or  the  legal 
control  of  her  property ;  every  woman  who  finds  the  doors  of  a  college  or  a  university  open¬ 
ing  to  her ;  every  woman  who  administers  a  post-office  or  a  public  library ;  every  woman 
who  enters  upon  a  career  of  medicine,  law  or  theology  ;  every  woman  who  teaches  a  school, 
or  tills  a  farm,  or  keeps  a  shop ;  every  one  who  drives  a  horse,  rides  a  bicycle,  skates  at  a 
rink,  sw  ims  at  a  summer  resort,  plays  golf  or  tennis  in  a  public  park,  or  even  snaps  a  kodak ; 
every  such  woman,  I  say,  owes  her  liberty  largely  to  yourself  and  to  your  earliest  and  brav¬ 
est  co-workers  in  the  cause  of  woman’s  emancipation.  So  I  send  my  greetings  not  to  you 
alone,  but  also  to  the  small  remainder  now  living  of  your  original  bevy  of  noble  assistants, 
among  whom  first,  last  and  always — has  been  and  still  continues  to  be  your  fit  mate,  chief 
counselor  and  executive  right  hand,  Susan  B.  Anthony ;  a  heroine  of  hard  work  who,  when 
her  own  eightieth  birthday  shall  roll  round,  will  likewise  deserve  a  national  ovation,  at 
which  she  should  not  inappropriately  receive  the  old  Roman  crown  of  oak.” 

This  was  accompanied  by  a  personal  letter  to  Miss  Anthony,  saying,  besides  other  pleasant 
things:  “I  heard  lately  that  you  were  dying!  I  did  not  believe  the  canard.  Dying?  No! 
You  are  to  live  iorever.  Give  my  love  to  the  heroine  of  the  hour — and  prepare  yourself 
for  an  equal  picnic  when  your  own  time  shall  come.  Ever  yours  as  of  old.” 


mrs.  stanton’s  birthday — the  bible  resolution.  849 

The  next  day  a  large  reception  was  given  at  the  Savoy  by 
Mrs.  Henry  Villard,  the  only  daughter  of  Win.  Lloyd  Garri¬ 
son;  and  after  various  luncheons  and  dinners  and  good-by 
calls,  Miss  Anthony  returned  to  Rochester.  She  plunged  into 
the  mountain  of  correspondence  and,  expecting  to  spend  most 
of  the  next  year  at  home,  gave  every  spare  moment  to  the 
arranging  and  classifying  of  her  mass  of  documents,  pre¬ 
paratory  to  some  contemplated  literary  work.  On  November 
21,  the  Political  Equality  Club  celebrated  Mrs.  Stanton’s  birth¬ 
day  in  a  beautiful  manner  at  the  Anthony  home,  over  200 
guests  attending.  Several  unkind  newspaper  attacks  being 
made  upon  Miss  Anthony  by  disgruntled  women,  she  wrote 
Mrs.  Stanton,  who  was  much  distressed:  “This  fresh  on¬ 
slaught  reminds  me  of  the  old  adage,  'When  one  is  over¬ 
praised  by  the  many,  the  few  will  try  to  pull  down  and  de¬ 
stroy.’  Certainly  I  know  that  in  my  head  and  heart  there 
never  has  been  any  but  the  strongest  desire  that  all  the  other 
workers  should  have  their  full  meed  of  opportunity  and  re¬ 
ward.” 

A  telegram  came  November  25  announcing  the  sudden  death, 
in  Boston,  of  Mrs.  Ellen  Battelle  Dietrick.  She  had  been 
actively  in  the  suffrage  work  for  only  a  few  years,  but  in  that 
time  Miss  Anthony  had  learned  her  splendid  powers  and  had 
said  of  her:  “I  feel  that  into  her  hands  can  safely  fall  the 
work  of  the  future,  both  as  to  principle  and  policy.”  She 
had  been  made  chairman  of  the  national  press  work,  and  had 
shown  an  unsurpassed  beauty  and  strength  of  style  and  thought. 
“She  was  a  philosopher,  a  student,”  Miss  Anthony  wrote, 
“possessed  of  the  conscience  and  the  courage  to  stand  by  the 
truth  as  she  saw  it.  Can  it  be  that  she  is  gone  in  the  very 
prime  of  her  womanhood?  Why  can  not  we  keep  with  us  the 
brave  and  beautiful  souls;  why  can  not  the  weak  and  wicked 
go?  The  world  seems  darker  to  me  now,  a  light  has  gone 
out.” 

On  December  2  she  gathered  about  her  a  group  of  the  very 
oldest  and  dearest  friends  in  memory  of  what  would  have  been 
Ant. — 54 


850 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


her  mother’s  one  hundred  and  second  birthday.  She  records 
attending  a  lecture  by  President  Andrew  D.  White,  at  the  close 
of  which  he  presented  his  wife  to  her,  saying:  “I  want  you 
to  know  her;  she  is  of  your  kind.”  The  day  before  Christmas 
came  another  telegram,  this  one  from  May  Wright  Sewall, 
containing  simply  the  words:  “  Dear  General,  my  Theodore 
is  taken.”  It  meant  the  desolation  of  one  of  the  happiest, 
most  perfect  homes  ever  made  by  two  mortals.  It  told  the 
breaking  of  as  strong  and  sweet  a  tie  as  ever  united  husband 
and  wife.  What  could  she  write?  Only,  “Be  brave  in  this 
inevitable  hour;  take  unto  yourself  the  ‘joy  of  sorrow’  that 
you  did  all  in  mortal  power  for  his  restoration,  that  his  hap¬ 
piness  was  the  desire  of  your  life;  find  comfort  in  the  blessed 
memories  of  his  tender  and  never-failing  love  and  care  for 
you  in  all  these  beautiful  years.”  But  the  poverty,  the  pow¬ 
erlessness  of  words  in  times  like  this! 

And  so  the  old  year  rolled  into  the  past  and  the  record  was 
finished.  Among  the  letters  which  came  to  cheer  its  close, 
was  one  from  Mary  Lowe  Dickinson,  which  ended: 

In  every  way,  in  all  this  work,  how  grandly  you  stood  by  and  helped  me! 
Some  day  you  will  understand  how  grateful  I  am,  and  how  thoroughly  I 
appreciate  the  support,  moral  and  other,  that  you  have  given  me.  I  know 
this  holiday  season  will  bring  you  a  great  many  loving  souvenirs  from  all 
over  the  world,  and  I  haven’t  sent  you  anything  at  all ;  but  I  have  a  gift  for 
you,  notwithstanding,  a  gift  of  loyal  reverence  for  the  grand  outspoken  bravery 
of  your  life  and  service,  a  gift  of  genuine  gratitude  for  what  you  have  been 
and  what  you  have  done,  and  an  affection  that  has  been  growing  ever  since 
my  first  talk  with  you  in  Chicago.  This  is  quite  a  declaration  for  a  reserved 
woman,  but  it  is  as  sincere  as  it  is  unusual,  and  I  wish  you  all  sorts  of  bless¬ 
ings  for  the  New  Year,  and  most  of  all  that  it  may  show  great  progress  in  the 
work  which  lies  so  close  to  your  heart. 

♦ 

And  this  from  her  beloved  friend,  Mrs.  Leland  Stanford: 

It  is  needless  for  me  to  express  all  I  feel  in  regard  to  your  tender  and  long- 
continued  friendship.  I  always  prized  it  when  I  had  my  dear  husband  by 
my  side  to  help  me  bear  the  burdens  and  sorrows  of  life,  but  now,  standing 
as  I  do  alone  with  the  weighty  cares  and  sacred  duties  depending  upon  me, 
I  cherish  your  sympathy,  your  friendship  and  your  tender  words  as  an  evi¬ 
dence  of  God’s  love.  He  can  instigate  and  guide  hearts  to  reach  out  sustain¬ 
ing  helpfulness  to  His  children,  who  need  just  such  support  as  you  have  given 


mrs.  stanton’s  birthday — the  bible  resolution.  851 

me.  Long  years  past  and  gone,  you  and  Mrs.  Stanton  were  appreciated  and 
extolled  by  my  husband  more  than  you  ever  realized.  He  predicted  twenty 
years  ago  what  has  now  come,  and  mainly  through  the  instrumentality  of 
yourself  and  her — the  advancement  and  elevation  of  womanhood — and  we 
are  only  on  the  eve  of  what  is  to  follow  in  the  twentieth  century. 


Miss  Anthony  was  very  glad  to  go  back  to  Washington  with 
the  annual  convention,  which  was  held  January  23  to  28,  1896. 
She  went  on  a  week  beforehand  to  satisfy  herself  that  all  was 
in  readiness.  Although  the  details  of  the  work  were  assumed 
by  the  younger  members  of  the  board,  she  was  always  on  the 
scene  of  action  early  enough  to  look  over  the  ground  before  the 
battle  opened.  This  year  the  papers  said  :  “  A  notable  fea¬ 

ture  of  the  suffrage  movement  is  the  large  number  of  college 
alumnse  and  professional  women  who  are  coming  into  the 
ranks.”  The  committee  reported  organizations  in  every  State 
and  Territory  except  Alaska.  Delegates  were  present  from 
almost  every  one,  among  them  Mrs.  Hughes,  wife  of  the  gov¬ 
ernor  of  Arizona,  Mrs.  Teller,  wife  of  the  senator  from  Color¬ 
ado,  Mrs.  Sanders,  wife  of  the  ex-senator  from  Montana,  the 
wives  of  Representatives  Arnold,  Allen,  Shafroth  and  Pickier, 
Mrs.  Ella  Knowles  Haskell,  assistant  attorney-general  of  Mon¬ 
tana.  Most  of  them  addressed  the  committees  of  the  Senate 
and  House,  who  gave  long  and  respectful  hearings. 

The  principal  cause  of  rejoicing  at  this  convention  was  the 
admission  of  Utah  as  a  State  with  the  full  enfranchisement  of 
women.  A  clause  to  this  effect  had  been  put  into  the  State 
constitution,  endorsed  by  all  political  parties,  voted  on  by  the 
men  of  the  Territory  and  carried.  This  constitution  had  been 
accepted,  the  new  State  admitted  by  Congress,  and  the  bill  was 
signed  by  President  Cleveland  January  4,  1896.  A  noteworthy 
circumstance  in  this  case  was  that,  while  the  admission  of 
Wyoming  with  a  woman  suffrage  clause  in  its  constitution  was 
fought  for  many  days  in  both  Senate  and  House  in  1890,  that 


852 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


of  Utah  was  accepted  with  scarcely  a  protest  against  its  en¬ 
franchisement  of  women.  There  was  also  rejoicing  over  the 
fact  that,  during  the  autumn  of  1895,  the  full  franchise  had 
been  conferred  upon  the  women  of  South  Australia. 

The  occurrence  of  the  convention  which  forever  made  its 
memory  a  sad  one  to  Miss  Anthony  was  the  so-called  “  Bible 
resolution.”  It  had  this  effect  not  only  because  of  the  resolu¬ 
tion  itself  but  because  those  who  were  responsible  for  it  were 
especially  near  and  dear  to  her.  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  as¬ 
sisted  by  a  committee  of  women,  had  been  for  several  years 
preparing  a  work  called  the  “Woman’s  Bible.”  It  contained 
no  discussion  of  doctrinal  questions  but  was  simply  a  commen¬ 
tary  upon  those  texts  and  chapters  directly  referring  to  women, 
and  a  few  others  from  which  they  were  conspicuously  excluded. 
Naturally,  however,  this  pamphlet  caused  a  great  outcry, 
especially  from  those  who  had  not  read  a  word  of  it.  That 
women  should  dare  analyze  even  the  passages  referring  to 
themselves  in  a  book  which  heretofore,  neither  in  the  origi¬ 
nal  writing  nor  in  all  the  revisions  of  the  centuries,  had 
felt  the  impress  of  a  woman’s  brain  or  the  touch  of  a  woman’s 
hand,  stirred  the  orthodox  to  their  greater  or  less  depths. 
Mrs.  Stanton  was  honorary  president  of  the  National-Ameri- 
can  Suffrage  Association,  but  had  not  attended  its  meetings  or 
actively  participated  in  its  work  for  a  number  of  years. 

Several  members  of  the  board,  who  were  children  when  she 
and  Miss  Anthony  founded  that  organization,  and  unborn  when 
Mrs.  Stanton  called  the  first  woman’s  rights  convention,  de¬ 
cided  that  her  Woman’s  Bible  was  injuring  the  association, 
although  only  the  chapters  on  the  Pentateuch  thus  far  had 
been  published.  They  determined  that  this  body  should  take 
official  action  on  the  question,  but  they  understood  perfectly 
that  it  would  have  to  be  brought  before  the  convention  with¬ 
out  any  previous  knowledge  on  the  part  of  Miss  Anthony. 
Therefore  it  was  planned  to  have  a  paragraph  of  condemnation 
and  renunciation  of  the  Woman’s  Bible  incorporated  in  the 
report  of  the  corresponding  secretary.  When  it  was  read  in 
open  meeting  she  was  struck  dumb.  Mrs.  Colby  sprung  to 


mrs.  stanton’s  birthday — the  bible  resolution.  853 


her  feet  and  moved  that  the  report  be  accepted,  all  but  the 
paragraph  relating  to  the  Woman’s  Bible.  After  an  animated 
discussion  the  secretary’s  report  was  laid  on  the  table  and  later 
was  adopted  with  the  offending  clause  stricken  out.  Miss 
Anthony  supposed  this  was  the  end  of  the  matter  but,  to  her 
amazement,  the  committee  on  resolutions  reported  the  follow¬ 
ing  :  “This  association  is  non-sectarian,  being  composed  of 
persons  of  all  shades  of  religious  opinions,  and  has  no  official 
connection  with  the  so-called  Woman’s  Bible,  or  any  theolog¬ 
ical  publication.” 

This  resolution  was  wholly  gratuitous.  While  true  that  the 
association  was  composed  of  persons  of  all  shades  of  religious 
opinion,  it  comprised  also  among  some  of  its  oldest  and  ablest 
members  those  who  entertained  no  so-called  religious?  beliefs. 
Mrs.  Stanton  invariably  had  announced  that  this  revision  of 
the  Scriptures  was  the  individual  work  of  herself  and  her  com¬ 
mittee,  and  there  was  no  ground  for  holding  the  whole  associ¬ 
ation  responsible.  The  resolution,  however,  was  debated  for 
an  hour.  Miss  Anthony  was  moved  as  never  before.  Not  only 
was  she  fired  with  indignation  at  this  insult  to  the  woman 
whom  she  loved  and  revered  above  all  others,  but  she  was 
outraged  at  this  deliberate  attempt  to  deny  personal  liberty  of 
thought  and  speech.  Leaving  the  chair  she  said  in  an  im¬ 
passioned  appeal : 

The  one  distinct  feature  of  our  association  has  been  the  right  of  individual 
opinion  for  every  member.  We  have  been  beset  at  each  step  with  the  cry 
that  somebody  was  injuring  the  cause  by  the  expression  of  sentiments  which 
differed  from  those  held  by  the  majority.  The  religious  persecution  of  the 
ages  has  been  carried  on  under  what  was  claimed  to  be  the  command  of  God. 
I  distrust  those  people  who  know  so  well  what  God  wants  them  to  do,  because 
I  notice  it  always  coincides  with  their  own  desires.  All  the  way  along  the 
history  of  our  movement  there  has  been  this  same  contest  on  account  of 
religious  theories.  Forty  years  ago  one  of  our  noblest  men  said  to  me,  “  You 
would  better  never  hold  another  convention  than  allow  Ernestine  L.  Rose  on 
your  platform ;  ”  because  that  eloquent  woman,  who  ever  stood  for  justice 
and  freedom,  did  not  believe  in  the  plenary  inspiration  of  the  Bible.  Did  we 
banish  Mrs.  Rose?  No,  indeed! 

Every  new  generation  of  converts  threshes  over  the  same  old  straw. 
The  point  is  whether  you  will  sit  in  judgment  on  one  who  questions  the 
divine  inspiration  of  certain  passages  in  the  Bible  derogatory  to  women.  If 
Mrs.  Stanton  had  written  approvingly  of  these  passages  you  would  not  have 


854 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


brought  in  this  resolution  for  fear  the  cause  might  be  injured  among  the 
liberals  in  religion.  In  other  words,  if  she  had  written  your  views,  you  would 
not  have  considered  a  resolution  necessary.  To  pass  this  one  is  to  set  back 
the  hands  on  the  dial  of  reform. 

What  you  should  say  to  outsiders  is  that  a  Christian  has  neither  more  nor 
less  rights  in  our  association  than  an  atheist.  When  our  platform  becomes 
too  narrow  for  people  of  all  creeds  and  of  no  creeds,  I  myself  can  not  stand 
upon  it.  Many  things  have  been  said  and  done  by  our  orthodox  friends  which 
I  have  felt  to  be  extremely  harmful  to  our  cause ;  but  I  should  no  more  con¬ 
sent  to  a  resolution  denouncing  them  than  I  shall  consent  to  this.  Who  is 
to  draw  the  line  ?  Who  can  tell  now  whether  these  commentaries  may  not 
prove  a  great  help  to  woman’s  emancipation  from  old  superstitions  which 
have  barred  its  way  ?  Lucretia  Mott  at  first  thought  Mrs.  Stanton  had  injured 
the  cause  of  all  woman’s  other  rights  by  insisting  upon  the  demand  for  suf¬ 
frage,  but  she  had  sense  enough  not  to  bring  in  a  resolution  against  it.  In 
1860  when  Mrs.  Stanton  made  a  speech  before  the  New  York  Legislature  in 
favor  of  a  bill  making  drunkenness  a  ground  for  divorce,  there  was  a  general 
cry  among  the  friends  that  she  had  killed  the  woman’s  cause.  I  shall  be 
pained  beyond  expression  if  the  delegates  here  are  so  narrow  and  illiberal  as 
to  adopt  this  resolution.  You  would  better  not  begin  resolving  against  indi¬ 
vidual  action  or  you  will  find  no  limit.  This  year  it  is  Mrs.  Stanton ;  next 
year  it  may  be  I  or  one  of  yourselves,  who  will  be  the  victim. 

If  we  do  not  inspire  in  women  a  broad  and  catholic  spirit,  they  will  fail, 
when  enfranchised,  to  constitute  that  power  for  better  government  which  we 
have  always  claimed  for  them.  Ten  women  educated  into  the  practice  of 
liberal  principles  would  be  a  stronger  force  than  10,000  organized  on  a  plat¬ 
form  of  intolerance  and  bigotry.  I  pray  you  vote  for  religious  liberty,  with¬ 
out  censorship  or  inquisition.  This  resolution  adopted  will  be  a  vote  of 
censure  upon  a  woman  who  is  without  a  peer  in  intellectual  and  statesman¬ 
like  ability;  one  who  has  stood  for  half  a  century  the  acknowledged  leader 
of  progressive  thought  and  demand  in  regard  to  all  matters  pertaining  to  the 
absolute  freedom  of  women. 

Rev.  Anna  Shaw,  Carrie  Chapman  Catt,  Henry  B.  and  Alice 
Stone  Blackwell,  Laura  M.  Johns,  Annie  L.  Diggs,  Rachel 
Foster  Avery,  Laura  Clay,  Mariana  W.  Chapman,  Elizabeth 
Upham  Yates,  and  others  spoke  in  favor  of  the  resolution  ; 
Lillie  Devereux  Blake,  Clara  B.  Colby,  Mary  S.  Anthony, 
Emily  Howland,  Charlotte  Perkins  Stetson  and  Caroline  Hallo- 
well  Miller  were  among  those  who  opposed  it.  The  vote 
resulted,  53  ayes,  41  nays  ;  and  the  resolution  was  adopted. 
The  situation  was  felicitously  expressed  in  a  single  sentence  by 
Mrs.  Caroline  McCullough  Everhard,  president  of  the  Ohio 
Suffrage  Association  :  “  If  women  were  governed  more  by 

principle  and  less  by  prejudice,  how  strong  they  would  be!  ” 


mrs.  stanton’s  birthday — the  bible  resolution.  855 


Miss  Anthony’s  feelings  could  not  be  put  into  words.  At 
first  she  seriously  contemplated  resigning  her  office,  but  from 
all  parts  of  the  country  came  letters  from  the  pioneer  workers 
the  women  who  had  stood  by  her  for  more  than  twoscore 
years — pointing  out  that  this  action  of  the  convention  was  a 
striking  illustration  of  the  necessity  for  her  remaining  at  the 
helm.  Mrs.  Stanton  urged  that  they  both  resign,  but  Miss 
Anthony  replied  : 

During  three  weeks  of  agony  of  soul,  with  scarcely  a  night  of  sleep,  I  have 
felt  I  must  resign  my  presidency,  but  then  the  rights  of  the  minority  are  to 
be  respected  and  protected  by  me  quite  as  much  as  the  action  of  the  majority 
is  to  be  resented ;  and  it  is  even  more  my  duty  to  stand  firmly  with  the  minor¬ 
ity  because  principle  is  with  them.  I  feel  very  sure  that  after  a  year  s  reflec¬ 
tion  upon  the  matter,  the  same  women,  and  perhaps  the  one  man,  who  voted 
for  this  interference  with  personal  rights,  will  be  ready  to  declare  that  their 
duty  as  individuals  does  not  require  them  to  disclaim  freedom  of  speech  in 
their  co-workers.  Sister  Mary  says  the  action  of  the  convention  convinces 
her  that  the  time  has  not  yet  come  for  me  to  resign ;  whereas  she  had  felt 
most  strongly  that  I  ought  to  do  it  for  my  own  sake.  No,  my  dear,  instead 
of  my  resigning  and  leaving  those  half-fledged  chickens  without  any  mother, 
I  think  it  my  duty  and  the  duty  of  yourself  and  all  the  liberals  to  be  at  the 
next  convention  and  try  to  reverse  this  miserable,  narrow  action. 

In  letters  to  the  different  members  of  her  “  cabinet,”  who 
had  voted  in  favor  of  the  resolution,  she  thus  expressed  her¬ 
self  : 

In  this  action  I  see  nothing  but  the  beginning  of  a  petty  espionage,  a  re¬ 
vival  of  the  Spanish  inquisition,  subjecting  to  spiritual  torture  every  one  who 
speaks  or  writes  what  the  other  members  consider  not  good  for  the  associa¬ 
tion.  Such  disclaimers  bring  quite  as  much  of  martyrdom  for  our  civilization 
as  did  the  rack  and  fire  in  the  barbarous  ages  of  the  past. 

That  a  majority  of  the  delegates  could  see  no  wrong  personally  to  Mrs. 
Stanton  and  no  violation  of  the  right  of  individual  judgment,  makes  me  sick 
at  heart ;  and  still,  I  don’t  know  what  better  one  could  expect  when  our  ranks 
are  now  so  filled  with  young  women  not  yet  out  of  bondage  to  the  idea  of  the 
infallibility  of  that  book.  To  every  person  who  really  believes  in  religious 
freedom,  it  is  no  worse  to  criticise  those  pages  in  the  Bible  which  degrade 
woman  than  it  is  to  criticise  the  laws  on  our  statute  books  which  degrade  her. 
Everything  spoken  or  written  by  Jew  or  Greek,  Gentile  or  Christian,  or  by 
any  human  being  whomsoever,  is  not  too  sacred  to  be  criticised  by  any  other 
human  being. 

She  was  far  too  magnanimous,  however,  and  loved  the  cause 
too  well  to  relax  her  efforts  for  the  welfare  of  the  association. 


856 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Before  the  year  closed  she  received  from  Mrs.  Avery  and  Mrs. 
Upton  most  tender  and  beautiful  letters,  acknowledging  their 
mistake,  expressing  their  sorrow  and  begging  to  be  reinstated 
in  her  confidence  and  affection.1 

In  order  that  Miss  Anthony’s  position  maybe  clearly  under¬ 
stood  and  that  she  may  not  appear  biased  and  one-sided,  and 
in  order  also  to  consider  this  question  all  at  one  time,  her 
point  of  view  will  be  a  little  further  illustrated.  In  an  inter¬ 
view  in  the  Rochester  Democrat  and  Chronicle  she  is  thus  re¬ 
ported  : 

“  Did  you  have  anything  to  do  with  the  new  Bible,  Miss  Anthony  ?  ”  was 

asked. 

“  No,  I  did  not  contribute  to  it,  though  I  knew  of  its  preparation.  My 
own  relations  to  or  ideas  of  the  Bible  always  have  been  peculiar,  owing  to 
my  Quaker  training.  The  Friends  consider  the  book  as  historical,  made  up 
of  traditions,  but  not  as  a  plenary  inspiration.  Of  course  people  say  these 
women  are  impious  and  presumptuous  for  daring  to  interpret  the  Scriptures  as 
they  understand  them,  but  I  think  women  have  just  as  good  a  right  to  inter¬ 
pret  and  twist  the  Bible  to  their  own  advantage  as  men  always  have  twisted 
and  turned  it  to  theirs.  ...  It  was  written  by  men,  and  therefore  its 
reference  to  women  reflects  the  light  in  which  they  were  regarded  in  those 
days.  In  the  same  way  the  history  of  our  Revolutionary  War  was  written, 
in  which  very  little  is  said  of  the  noble  deeds  of  women,  though  we  know 
how  they  stood  by  and  helped  the  great  work ;  and  it  is  the  same  with  history 
all  through.’ ’ 

Although  she  stood  so  firm  for  individual  rights  she  never¬ 
theless  regretted  that  Mrs.  Stanton  should  give  the  few  remain¬ 
ing  years  of  her  precious  life  to  this  commentary,  and  fre¬ 
quently  wrote  in  the  following  strain,  when  importuned  to 
assist  in  it : 

I  can  not  help  but  feel  that  in  this  you  are  talking  down  to  the  most 
ignorant  masses,  whereas  your  rule  always  has  been  to  speak  to  the  highest, 
knowing  there  would  be  a  few  who  would  comprehend,  and  would  in  turn  give 
of  their  best  to  those  on  the  next  lower  round  of  the  ladder.  The  cultivated 
men  and  women  of  today  are  above  the  need  of  your  book.  Even  the  liber¬ 
alized  orthodox  ministers  are  coming  to  our  aid  and  their  conventions  are 

'  In  a  letter  to  the  Woman’s  Tribune  Mrs.  Jean  Brooks  Greenleaf  said:  “I  was  absent 
from  the  convention  and  could  not  vote  against  that  resolution.  The  ‘Woman’s  Bible’  a  hin¬ 
drance  to  organization  ?  Of  course  it  is.  What  of  it?  The  belief  in  the  old  theories  about 
women,  which  had  their  basis  in  doctrines  taught  from  King  James’  version  of  the  Bible, 
was  a  much  more  monumental  hindrance  to  the  work  of  the  pioneers,  in  not  only  the  woman 
suffrage  movement  but  in  all  movements  for  the  advancement  of  women.” 


mrs.  stanton’s  birthday — the  bible  resolution.  857 


passing  resolutions  in  favor  of  woman’s  equality,  and  I  feel  that  these  men 
and  women  who  are  just  born  into  the  kingdom  of  liberty  can  better  reach  the 
minds  of  their  followers  than  can  any  of  us  out-and-out  radicals.  But  while 
I  do  not  consider  it  my  duty  to  tear  to  tatters  the  lingering  skeletons  of  the 
old  superstitions  and  bigotries,  yet  I  rejoice  to  see  them  crumbling  on  every 
side. 

Months  after  this  Washington  convention,  when  Miss 
Anthony  was  in  the  midst  of  a  great  political  campaign  in 
California,  she  sent  Mrs.  Stanton  this  self-explanatory  letter : 

You  say  “  women  must  be  emancipated  from  their  superstitions  before  en¬ 
franchisement  will  be  of  any  benefit,”  and  I  say  just  the  reverse,  that  women 
must  be  enfranchised  before  they  can  be  emancipated  from  their  superstitions. 
Women  would  be  no  more  superstitious  today  than  men,  if  they  had  been 
men’s  political  and  business  equals  and  gone  outside  the  four  walls  of  home 
and  the  other  four  of  the  church  into  the  great  world,  and  come  in  contact 
with  and  discussed  men  and  measures  on  the  plane  of  this  mundane  sphere, 
instead  of  living  in  the  air  with  Jesus  and  the  angels.  So  you  will  have  to 
keep  pegging  away,  saying,  “  Get  rid  of  religious  bigotry  and  then  get  polit¬ 
ical  rights;  ”  while  I  shall  keep  pegging  away,  saying,  “  Get  political  rights 
first  and  religious  bigotry  will  melt  like  dew  before  the  morning  sun;  ”  and 
each  will  continue  still  to  believe  in  and  defend  the  other. 

Now,  especially  in  this  California  campaign,  I  shall  no  more  thrust  into 
the  discussions  the  question  of  the  Bible  than  the  manufacture  of  wine. 
What  I  want  is  for  the  men  to  vote  “  yes  ”  on  the  suffrage  amendment,  and  I 
don’t  ask  whether  they  make  wine  on  the  ranches  in  California  or  believe 
Christ  made  it  at  the  wedding  feast.  I  have  your  grand  addresses  before 
Congress  and  enclose  one  in  nearly  every  letter  I  write.  I  have  scattered  all 
your  “celebration”  speeches  that  I  had,  but  I  shall  not  circulate  your 
“  Bible  ”  literature  a  particle  more  than  Frances  Willard’s  prohibition  litera¬ 
ture.  So  don’t  tell  Mrs.  Colby  or  anybody  else  to  load  me  down  with  Bible, 
social  purity,  temperance,  or  any  other  arguments  under  the  sun  but  just 
those  for  woman’s  right  to  have  her  opinion  counted  at  the  ballot-box. 

I  have  been  pleading  with  Miss  Willard  for  the  last  three  months  to  with¬ 
draw  her  threatened  W.  C.  T.  IT.  invasion  of  California  this  year,  and  at  last 
she  has  done  it;  now,  for  heaven’s  sake,  don’t  you  propose  a  “Bible  inva¬ 
sion.”  It  is  not  because  I  hate  religious  bigotry  less  than  you  do,  or  because 
I  love  prohibition  less  than  Frances  Willard  does,  but  because  I  consider  suf¬ 
frage  more  important  just  now. 

It  seems  that  Miss  Anthony’s  attitude  ought  to  be  perfectly 
understood  by  the  testimony  here  presented.  It  is  one  from 
which  she  never  has  swerved  and  on  which  she  is  willing  to 
stand  in  the  pages  of  history — entire  freedom  for  herself  from 
religious  superstition — the  most  absolute  religious  liberty  for 
every  other  human  being. 


858 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


To  return  to  the  Washington  convention:  Among  many 
pleasant  social  features  Miss  Anthony  was  invited  to  an  ele¬ 
gant  luncheon  given  by  Mrs.  John  R.  McLean  in  honor  of  the 
seventieth  birthday  of  Mrs.  Ulysses  S.  Grant  and,  at  the  re¬ 
ception  which  followed,  received  the  guests  with  Mrs.  Grant 
and  Mrs.  McLean. 


At  the  close  of  the  convention  the  principal  speakers  and 
many  of  the  delegates  went  to  Philadelphia  to  a  national  con¬ 
ference,  which  was  largely  attended.  It  was  here  that  “  Nelly 
Ely”  had  the  famous  interview  published  in  the  New  York 
World  of  February  2,  1896.  She  had  tried  to  secure  this  in 
Washington,  but  Miss  Anthony  could  not  spare  time  for  it,  so 
she  followed  her  to  Philadelphia.  It  filled  a  page  of  the  Sun¬ 
day  edition  and  contained  Miss  Anthony’s  opinions  on  most 
of  the  leading  topics  of  the  day,  in  the  main  correctly  reported, 
although  not  a  note  was  taken.  It  began  thus: 

Susan  B.  Anthony !  She  was  waiting  for  me.  I  stood  for  an  instant  in  the 
doorway  and  looked  at  her.  She  made  a  picture  to  remember  and  to  cherish. 
She  sat  in  a  low  rocking-chair,  an  image  of  repose  and  restfulness.  Her  well¬ 
shaped  head,  with  its  silken  snowy  hair  combed  smoothly  over  her  ears, 
rested  against  the  back  of  the  chair.  Her  shawl  had  half  fallen  from  her 
shoulders  and  her  soft  black  silk  gown  lay  in  gentle  folds  about  her.  Her 
slender  hands  were  folded  idly  in  her  lap,  and  her  feet,  crossed,  just  peeped 
from  beneath  the  edge  of  her  skirt.  If  she  had  been  posed  for  a  picture,  it 
could  not  have  been  done  more  artistically. 

“  Do  you  know  the  world  is  a  blank  to  me?”  she  said  after  we  had  ex¬ 
changed  greetings.  “  I  haven’t  read  a  newspaper  in  ten  days  and  I  feel  lost 
to  everything.  Tell  me  about  Cuba!  I  almost  would  be  willing  to  postpone 
the  enfranchisement  of  women  to  see  Cuba  free.  .  .  .” 


mrs.  stanton’s  birthday — the  bible  resolution.  859 

“Do  you  believe  in  immortality?’ ’ 

“  I  don’t  know  anything  about  heaven  or  hell,”  she  answered,  “  or  whether 
I  will  meet  my  friends  again  or  not,  but  as  no  particle  of  matter  is  ever  de¬ 
stroyed,  I  have  a  feeling  that  no  particle  of  mind  is  ever  lost.  I  am  sure  that 
the  same  wise  power  which  manages  the  present  may  be  trusted  with  the 
hereafter.” 

“  Then  you  don’t  find  life  tiresome  ?” 

“O,  mercy,  no!  I  don’t  want  to  die  as  long  as  I  can  work;  the  minute  I 
can  not,  I  want  to  go.  I  dread  the  thought  of  being  enfeebled.  The  older  I 
get,  the  greater  power  I  seem  to  have  to  help  the  world ;  I  am  like  a  snow¬ 
ball— the  further  I  am  rolled  the  more  I  gain.  But,”  she  added,  signifi¬ 
cantly,  I’ll  have  to  take  it  as  it  comes.  I’m  just  as  much  in  eternity  now 
as  after  the  breath  goes  out  of  my  body.” 

“  Do  you  pray?” 

“  I  pray  every  single  second  of  my  life;  not  on  my  knees,  but  with  my 
work.  My  prayer  is  to  lift  woman  to  equality  with  man.  Work  and  worship 
are  one  with  me.  I  can  not  imagine  a  God  of  the  universe  made  happy  by 
my  getting  down  on  my  knees  and  calling  him  ‘great.’  .  .  . 

“  What  do  I  think  of  marriage?  True  marriage,  the  real  marriage  of  soul, 
■when  two  people  take  each  other  on  terms  of  perfect  equality,  without  the  de¬ 
sire  of  one  to  control  the  other,  is  a  beautiful  thing;  it  is  the  highest  con¬ 
dition  of  life ;  but  for  a  woman  to  marry  for  support  is  demoralizing;  and  for 
a  man  to  marry  a  woman  merely  because  she  has  a  beautiful  figure  or  face  is 
degradation.  .  .  .” 

“  Do  you  like  flowers  ?”  I  asked,  leading  her  into  another  channel. 

“  I  like  roses  first  and  pinks  second,  and  nothing  else  after,”  Miss  Anthony 
laughed.  “  I  don’t  call  anything  a  flower  that  hasn’t  a  sweet  perfume.” 

“  What  is  your  favorite  hymn  or  ballad  ?” 

“The  dickens !”  she  exclaimed  merrily.  “  I  don’t  know !  I  can’t  tell  one 
tune  from  another.  I  know  there  are  such  hymns  as  ‘  Sweet  By  and  By  ’ 
and  ‘Old  Hundred,’  but  I  can  not  tell  them  apart.  All  music  sounds  alike 
to  me,  but  still  if  there  is  the  slightest  discord  it  hurts  me.  Neither  do  I  know 
anything  about  art,”  she  continued,  “yet  when  I  go  into  a  room  filled  with 
pictures  my  friends  say  I  invariably  pick  out  the  best.  I  have  good  com¬ 
pany,  I  always  think,  in  my  musical  ignorance.  Wendell  Phillips  couldn’t 
recognize  tunes;  neither  could  Anna  Dickinson.” 

“  What’s  your  favorite  motto,  or  have  you  one  ?” 

“  For  the  last  thirty  years  I  have  written  in  all  albums,  ‘Perfect  equality 
of  rights  for  women,  civil  and  political;’  or,  ‘I  know  only  woman  and  her 
disfranchised.’  There  is  another,  one  of  Charles  Sumner’s,  ‘  Equal  rights 
for  all.’  I  never  write  sentimental  things.  .  .  . 

“  Yes,  I’ll  tell  you  what  I  think  of  bicycling,”  she  said,  leaning  forward 
and  laying  a  hand  on  my  arm.  “  I  think  it  has  done  more  to  emancipate 
woman  than  any  one  thing  in  the  world.  I  rejoice  every  time  I  see  a  woman 
ride  by  on  a  wheel.  It  gives  her  a  feeling  of  self-reliance  and  independence 
the  moment  she  takes  her  seat ;  and  away  she  goes,  the  picture  of  untram¬ 
melled  womanhood.” 

“  What  do  you  think  the  new  woman  will  be  ?  ” 


860 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


“  She’ll  be  free,”  said  Miss  Anthony.  “  Then  she’ll  be  whatever  her  best 
judgment  dictates.  We  can  no  more  imagine  what  the  true  woman  will  be 
than  what  the  true  man  will  be.  We  haven’t  him  yet,  and  it  will  be  generations 
after  we  gain  freedom  before  we  have  the  highest  man  and  woman.  They 
will  constantly  change  for  the  better,  as  the  world  does.  What  is  the  best 
possible  today  will  be  outgrown  tomorrow.” 

“  What  would  you  call  woman’s  best  attribute  ?  ” 

“  Good  common  sense;  she  has  a  great  deal  of  uncommon  sense  now,  but  I 
want  her  to  be  an  all-around  woman,  not  gifted  overly  in  one  respect  and 
lacking  in  others.  .  .  .” 

“And  now,”  I  said,  approaching  a  very  delicate  subject  on  tip-toe,  “tell  me 
one  thing  more.  Were  you  ever  in  love  ?  ” 

“In  love?”  she  laughed.  “Bless  you,  Nelly,  I’ve  been  in  love  a  thou¬ 
sand  times  !  ” 

“  Really  !  ”  I  gasped,  taken  back  by  this  startling  confession. 

“  Yes,  really,”  nodding  her  snowy  head;  “but  I  never  loved  anyone  so 
much  that  I  thought  it  would  last.  In  fact,  I  never  felt  I  could  give  up  my 
life  of  freedom  to  become  a  man’s  housekeeper.  When  I  was  young,  if  a  girl 
married  poverty,  she  became  a  drudge ;  if  she  married  wealth,  she  became  a 
doll.  Had  I  married  at  twenty-one,  I  would  have  been  either  a  drudge  or  a 
doll  for  fifty-five  years.  Think  of  it  !  ”  and  she  laughed  again.  .  .  . 

Miss  Anthony’s  seventy-sixth  birthday  was  celebrated  by  the 
Rochester  Political  Equality  Club  at  the  residence  of  Dr.  and 
Mrs.  S.  A.  Linn.  The  spacious  and  beautifully  decorated 
rooms  were  crowded  with  guests,  and  interesting  addresses 
were  given  by  Mrs.  Greenleaf,  Mrs.  Gannett,  Mr.  J.  M.  Thayer 
and  Mary  Seymour  Howell,  to  which  Miss  Anthony  made  a 
happy  response.  On  February  17  she  spoke  at  a  church  fair 
given  by  the  colored  people  of  Bath,  and  then  completed  her 
preparations  for  a  long  journey  and  a  great  campaign.  It  will 
be  remembered  that  Miss  Anthony  had  decided  to  rest  from 
“  field  work  ”  during  1896,  and  to  arrange  her  papers  for  the 
writing  of  the  history  of  her  life,  which  her  friends  felt  was 
now  the  most  important  thing  for  her  to  do.  To  this  end  a 
roomy  half-story  had  been  built  on  the  substantial  Rochester 
home,  and  therein  were  placed  all  the  big  boxes  and  trunks  of 
letters  and  documents  which  had  been  accumulating  during 
the  last  fifty  years  and  stored  in  woodshed,  cellar  and  closets  ; 
a  stenographer  had  been  engaged  and  all  was  in  readiness  for 
the  great  work.  Then  came  an  appeal  from  3,000  miles  away 
which  rent  asunder  all  her  resolutions. 

When  she  had  been  in  California  the  previous  year  and  had 


i 


mrs.  stanton’s  birthday — the  bible  resolution.  861 

helped  the  women  plan  their  approaching  campaign,  nothing 
had  been  further  from  her  thoughts  than  returning  to  give  her 
personal  assistance.  As  the  time  for  action  drew  near,  those 
who  had  the  matter  in  charge  began  to  realize  that  the  task  be¬ 
fore  them  was  far  greater  than  they  had  anticipated,  and  that 
they  were  lacking  in  the  experience  which  would  be  needed. 
There  were  very  few  women  who  could  be  depended  on  to  draw 
together  and  address  great  audiences  of  thousands  of  people, 
to  speak  thirty  consecutive  nights  in  each  month,  and  to  be 
equal  to  every  emergency  of  a  political  campaign  ;  nor  were 
there  any  considerable  number  who  understood  the  best  meth¬ 
ods  of  organization.  It  was  then  both  natural  and  sensible 
that  the  State  society  should  appeal  to  the  national  association 
for  assistance.  It  is  an  essential  part  of  the  business  of  the 
officers  of  that  body  to  respond  to  such  calls. 

Miss  Anthony  had  been  home  from  California  but  a  short 
time  in  1895  when  Ellen  C.  Sargent,  president  of  the  State 
association,  wrote  an  earnest  official  request  for  the  help  of  the 
national  board.  At  the  same  time  Sarah  B.  Cooper,  president 
of  the  campaign  committee,  sent  the  strongest  letter  her  elo¬ 
quent  pen  could  write,  emphasizing  Mrs.  Sargent’s  invitation. 
These  were  followed  by  similar  pleas  from  the  other  members 
of  the  board  and  from  many  prominent  women  of  the  State. 
Miss  Anthony  felt  at  first  as  if  it  would  not  be  possible  for  her 
to  make  the  long  trip  and  endure  the  fatigue  of  a  campaign, 
which  she  understood  so  well  from  having  experienced  it  seven 
times  over.  On  the  other  hand  she  realized  what  a  tremend¬ 
ous  impetus  wmuld  be  given  to  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage  if 
the  great  State  of  California  should  carry  this  amendment, 
and  she  longed  to  render  every  assistance  in  her  power.  It 
was  not,  however,  until  early  in  February  that  she  yielded  to 
the  appeals  and  decided  to  abandon  all  the  plans  she  had 
cherished  for  the  year.  The  moment  her  decision  reached 
California,  Harriet  Cooper,  secretary  of  the  committee,  tele¬ 
graphed  their  delight  and  sent  her  a  check  of  $120  for  travel¬ 
ling  expenses. 

The  question  now  arose  with  Miss  Anthony  what  she  should 


862  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

do  with  her  secretary,  whom  she  had  engaged  for  a  year  but  did 
not  feel  able  to  take  with  her.  This  was  settled  in  a  few  days 
through  the  action  of  Rev.  and  Mrs.  W.  C.  Gannett,  who  went 
among  the  friends  and  in  a  short  time  raised  the  money  to 
pay  Mrs.  Sweet’s  expenses  to  California  and  back,  all  agreeing 
that  Miss  Anthony  must  have  some  one  to  relieve  her  of  the 
mechanical  part  of  the  burden  she  was  about  to  assume.  This 
seemed  too  good  to  be  true,  as  she  had  had  no  such  help  in  all 
her  forty-five  years  of  public  work.  The  two  started  on  the 
evening  of  February  27,  a  large  party  of  friends  assembling 
at  the  station  to  say  good-by  to  the  veteran  of  seventy-six  years 
about  to  enter  another  battle.  They  stopped  at  Ann  Arbor 
for  the  Michigan  convention,  the  guests  of  Mrs.  Hall,  and 
then  a  few  days  in  Chicago,  where  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs. 
Gross  sat  for  a  statuette  by  Miss  Bessie  Potter. 

She  reached  San  Diego  March  10  and,  after  attending  the 
Woman’s  Club,  went  to  Los  Angeles  where  she  was  beautifully 
received,  sharing  the  honors  with  Robert  J.  Burdette  at  the 
Friday  Morning  Club.  Mrs.  Alice  Moore  McComas  wrote  to 
Mrs.  Sargent  and  Mrs.  Cooper  the  next  day:  “  Dear  Miss 
Anthony  came,  saw  and  conquered,  and  we  are  hers  !  Letters 
and  telegrams  were  dispatched  in  every  direction  as  soon  as 
we  found  she  was  coming  and  she  has  been  able  to  reach 
women  that  I  have  almost  despaired  of.  Dozens  who  have 
heretofore  held  aloof,  have  promised  me  today  to  stand  by  the 
amendment  till  all  is  over,  and  with  these  recruits  we  feel  that 
we  can  undertake  the  convention  work  in  this  county.  The 
women  are  aroused  and  we  will  see  that  they  stay  aroused. 
Miss  Anthony’s  visit  was  opportune  and  just  what  was  needed.” 

She  arrived  at  San  Francisco  a  few  days  later,  being  joy¬ 
fully  greeted  at  the  Oakland  station  by  Mrs.  Cooper  and  Har¬ 
riet.  She  went  directly  to  the  Sargent  residence,  and  from 
this  delightful  home,  Miss  Anthony,  the  National  president, 
and  Mrs.  Sargent,  the  State  president,  directed  the  great  cam¬ 
paign. 


CHAPTER  XLVII. 


THE  CALIFORNIA  CAMPAIGN. 

1896. 

N  their  State  convention  of  1894  the  Republicans 
of  California  had  adopted  the  strongest  possible 
plank  in  favor  of  woman  suffrage  and,  as  the 
legislature  the  next  year  was  Republican  by  a 
considerable  majority,  Clara  Foltz  and  Laura  de 
Force  Gordon,  attorneys,  and  Nellie  Holbrook  Blinn,  at  that 
time  State  president,  Mrs.  Peet,  Madame  Sorbier,  Mrs.  Bid- 
well,  Mrs.  Spencer,  of  Lassen  county,  and  others  made  a 
determined  effort  to  secure  a  bill  enfranchising  women.  That 
failing,  the  legislature  consented  to  submit  an  amendment  to 
the  constitution  to  be  voted  on  in  1896.  This  bill  was  signed 
by  Governor  James  H.  Budd  and  the  women  then  prepared  to 
canvass  the  State  to  secure  a  favorable  majority. 

Out  of  the  officers  of  the  State  suffrage  association  and  the 
amendment  committee,  a  joint  campaign  committee  was  formed 
and,  in  addition  to  this,  a  State  central  committee.1  These 
two  constituted  the  working  force  at  State  headquarters.  There 
were  also  speakers  and  organizers,  and  a  regularly  officered 
society  in  each  county,  co-operating  with  the  officials  at  head¬ 
quarters. 

At  the  request  of  the  State  committee  Miss  Anthony’s  niece, 
Lucy  E.,  for  seven  years  Miss  Shaw’s  secretary  and  thoroughly 
experienced  in  planning  and  arranging  meetings,  went  out 

1  Joint  campaign  committee :  Ellen  C.  Sargent,  chairman ;  Sarah  B.  Cooper,  vice-chair¬ 
man  ;  Ida  H.  Harper,  corresponding  secretary;  Harriet  Cooper,  recording  secretary;  Mary  S. 
Sperry,  treasurer ;  Mary  Wood  Swift  and  Sarah  Knox  Goodrich,  auditors.  State  central 
committee :  Mrs.  Sargent,  Miss  Anthony,  Mrs.  Swift,  Mrs.  Sperry,  Mrs.  Blinn,  with  Mary  G. 
Hay,  chairman. 

(863) 


864 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


early  in  February  to  assist  Dr.  Elizabeth  Sargent  in  the  prepa¬ 
rations  for  the  first  series  of  conventions.  She  carried  with 
her  a  complete  list,  made  by  Miss  Anthony  herself  with  great 
labor  and  care,  of  every  town  of  over  two  hundred  inhabitants 
in  every  county  in  the  State,  with  instructions  to  plan  for  a 
meeting  there  during  the  campaign.  One  scarcely  can  describe 
the  perplexing  work  of  these  young  women  in  arranging  this 
great  sweep  of  conventions,  two  days  in  every  county  seat, 
each  convention  overlapping  the  next,  getting  the  speakers 
from  one  to  the  other  on  time,  finding  women  in  each  town  or 
city  who  would  take  charge  of  local  arrangements,  and  round¬ 
ing  up  the  whole  series  in  season  for  the  Woman’s  Congress  in 
May.  In  March  the  campaign  committee  invited  Mary  G. 
Hay,  who  had  had  twelve  years’  experience  in  organization 
work,  and  Harriet  May  Mills,  the  State  organizer  of  New  York, 
to  manage  the  conventions  ;  and  Rev.  Anna  Shaw  and  Miss 
Elizabeth  Upham  Yates  as  speakers.  It  is  impossible  to  fol¬ 
low  these  meetings  in  detail  further  than  to  say  that,  with  but 
few  exceptions,  they  were  very  successful,  the  audiences  were 
large  and  cordial,  clubs  were  formed,  much  suffrage  sentiment 
was  created,  and  the  conventions  considerably  more  than  paid 
all  expenses.  The  women  of  California  possessed  ability, 
energy,  patriotism  and  desire  for  political  freedom,  but  up  to 
this  time  they  had  no  conception  of  the  immense  amount  of 
money  and  work  which  would  be  required  for  a  campaign. 
As  soon  as  they  grasped  the  situation  they  were  fully  equal  to 
its  demands  and  never  in  all  the  history  of  the  movement  was 
so  much  splendid  work  done,  or  so  large  a  fund  raised,  by  the 
women  of  any  State. 

It  was  unanimously  agreed  that  Miss  Anthony  should  re¬ 
main  in  San  Francisco,  answering  the  numerous  calls  for 
addresses  in  that  city  and  the  surrounding  towns,  and  having 
general  oversight  of  the  campaign.  Mrs.  Sargent  assigned  to 
her  the  largest,  sunniest  room  in  her  spacious  home,  but  her 
hospitality  and  her  services  to  the  cause  of  the  amendment  did 
not  end  here.  Another  large  apartment  was  appropriated  to 
Rev.  Anna  Shaw  and  her  secretary.  The  room  formerly  used 


I 


\ 


THE  CALIFORNIA  CAMPAIGN. 


865 


as  the  senator’s  office  was  dedicated  to  the  work,  the  type¬ 
writers  ensconced  there,  and  it  soon  was  crowded  with  docu¬ 
ments,  newspapers  and  all  the  paraphernalia  of  a  campaign, 
in  a  little  while  they  encroached  on  the  library  and  it  was 
filled  with  the  litter.  Then  a  typewriter  found  its  way  into 
one  corner  of  the  long  dining-room.  The  committee  meetings 
were  held  in  the  drawing-room ;  and,  during  the  whole 
eight  months,  there  was  scarcely  a  meal  at  which  there  were 
not  from  one  to  half  a  dozen  speakers,  members  of  com¬ 
mittees,  out-of-town  workers  and  others  besides  her  family  at 
the  table.  Every  hour  of  Mrs.  Sargent’s  and  Dr.  Elizabeth’s 
time  was  devoted  to  the  campaign.  The  latter  was  placed  at 
the  head  of  the  literary  committee  and  also  took  entire  charge 
of  the  petition  work  for  the  State,  involving  months  of  most 
exacting  labor.  In  addition  to  all  this,  both  gave  most  liber¬ 
ally  in  money.  How  much  was  accomplished  by  Mrs.  Sar¬ 
gent’s  quiet  influence,  her  wise  and  judicial  advice,  her  many 
logical  and  dignified  appeals  in  person  and  by  letter,  never  can 
be  estimated. 

The  State  board  and  committees  were  composed  of  women 
of  fine  character  and  social  standing,  who  commanded  the 
highest  respect ;  and  during  the  long  campaign  they  put  aside 
every  other  duty  and  pleasure  and  devoted  themselves,  mind 
and  body,  to  the  success  of  the  amendment.  Across  the  bay 
in  Oakland,  Alameda  and  Berkeley  were  a  large  and  active 
county  society,  Mrs.  Isabel  A.  Baldwin,  president,  and  city 
organizations  of  women  of  equal  ability  and  prestige,  who 
were  in  daily  communication  with  State  headquarters  and  per¬ 
formed  the  most  valuable  and  conscientious  work.  What  was 
true  here  was  equally  so  of  the  women  in  all  the  counties  from 
San  Diego  to  Del  Norte.  It  seems  invidious  to  mention  a 
single  name  where  so  many  gave  such  excellent  service.  It 
must  be  admitted,  however,  that  while  hundreds  of  women 
worked  for  their  political  freedom,  thousands  contributed  abso¬ 
lutely  nothing  in  either  money  or  service  ;  and  yet  there  were 
many  among  them  who  believed  fully  in  the  principle  of 
Ant. — 55 


866 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


woman  suffrage.  They  simply  allowed  domestic  duties  or  the 
demands  of  society  or  apathetic  indifference  to  prevent  their 
rendering  any  assistance,  and  they  could  not  be  prevailed 
upon  even  to  give  money  to  help  those  who  performed  the 
labor.  If  all  such  had  lent  their  influence,  the  women  of 
California  today  would  be  enfranchised  ;  but  they  left  the 
whole  burden  to  be  carried  by  the  few,  and  these  could  not  do 
the  work  necessary  for  success,  because  human  nature  has  its 
limits. 

The  attitude  of  the  press  of  California  deserves  especial 
mention  because  to  it  was  largely  due  the  marked  considera¬ 
tion  which  the  suffrage  amendment  received  throughout  the 
State.  Miss  Anthony  met  in  California  an  acquaintance,  Mrs. 
Ida  H.  Harper,  recently  of  the  editorial  staff  of  the  Indian¬ 
apolis  News,  and  requested  her  to  act  as  chairman  of  the  press 
committee.  As  the  press  of  San  Francisco  could  kill  the 
amendment  at  the  very  start,  if  it  chose  to  do  so,  they  decided 
to  call  upon  the  editors  of  the  daily  papers  in  that  city  and 
ascertain  their  position.  They  visited  the  managing  editors  of 
the  Call,  Examiner,  Chronicle,  Post,  Report  and  Bulletin  and, 
without  a  single  exception,  were  received  with  the  greatest 
courtesy  and  assured  that  the  amendment  and  the  ladies  who 
were  advocating  it  would  be  treated  with  respect,  that  there 
would  be  no  ridiculing,  no  cartooning  and  no  attempt  to  create 
a  sentiment  in  opposition. 

The  Post  came  out  editorially  in  favor  of  the  amendment 
and  established  a  half-page  department,  headed  “The  New 
Citizen,”  which  was  continued  daily  during  the  campaign,  the 
largest  amount  of  space  ever  given  by  any  paper  to  woman 
suffrage.  Dr.  Elizabeth  Sargent  assumed  most  of  the  respon¬ 
sibility  for  this  department,  assisted  by  members  of  the  staff. 
The  Report  gave  editorial  endorsement  and  a  double-column 
department  entitled  “The  Woman  Citizen,”  edited  every  Satur¬ 
day  by  Winnifred  Harper.  The  Bulletin  expressed  itself  as 
friendly  and  later  in  the  campaign  opened  a  suffrage  depart¬ 
ment  conducted  by  Eliza  D.  Keith;  but  the  paper  contained 
editorials  from  time  to  time,  which  the  friends  did  not  construe 


THE  CALIFORNIA  CAMPAIGN. 


867 


as  favorable  to  the  measure.  The  managing  editor  gave  the 
ladies  to  understand  that  there  would  be  no  opposition  from 
the  Chronicle,  and  during  the  campaign  it  contained  several 
strong  editorials,  not  advocating  the  amendment,  but  decidedly 
favorable  to  woman  suffrage.  This  paper  also  gave  a  promi¬ 
nent  place  to  a  number  of  articles  from  Mrs.  Harper  and 
others.  Two  days  before  election,  however,  it  advised  its 
readers  to  vote  against  the  amendment. 

The  Examiner  was  friendly  and  offered  a  column  on  the 
editorial  page  of  the  Sunday  edition,  throughout  the  campaign, 
if  Miss  Anthony  would  fill  it.  She  protested  that  she  was  not 
a  writer,  but  it  was  only  upon  this  condition  that  the  space 
would  be  given.  It  was  too  valuable  to  be  sacrificed  and  so 
she  accepted  it,  and  for  seven  months  furnished  Sunday  articles 
of  1,600  words.  These  were  widely  copied,  not  only  through¬ 
out  the  State,  but  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  Every  possible 
influence  was  exerted  to  persuade  William  R.  Hearst,  the  pro¬ 
prietor,  who  was  residing  in  New  York,  to  bring  out  the  paper 
editorially  in  favor  of  the  amendment.  Miss  Anthony  wrote 
an  earnest  personal  letter  which  closed:  “So,  I  pray  you  for 
the  love  of  justice,  for  the  love  of  your  noble  mother,  and  for 
the  sake  of  California— -lead  the  way  for  the  Democratic  party 
of  your  State  to  advocate  the  suffrage  amendment.  The  Ex¬ 
aminer  has  done  splendidly  thus  far  in  publishing  fair  and 
full  reports  of  our  meetings  and  articles  from  our  leading 
suffrage  women.  The  one  and  only  thing  we  do  ask  is  that  it 
will  editorially  champion  the  amendment  as  it  will  every  other 
measure  it  believes  in  which  is  to  be  voted  upon  next  Novem¬ 
ber.”  All  pleadings  were  in  vain  and  the  great  paper  re¬ 
mained  silent.  It  did  not,  however,  contain  a  line  in  oppo¬ 
sition. 

During  Miss  Anthony’s  visit  to  San  Francisco  the  previous 
year,  the  Monitor,  the  official  Catholic  organ  of  California, 
had  come  out  in  two  editions  with  full-page  editorials  in  favor 
of  woman  suffrage,  as  strong  as  anything  ever  written  on  that 
subject.  When  the  two  ladies  called  on  the  editor,  he  assured 
them  of  his  full  sympathy  and  agreed  to  accept  a  series  of 


868 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


articles  from  the  chairman  of  the  press  committee.  These 
were  published  regularly  for  a  time  and  then  suddenly  were 
refused,  and  every  effort  to  ascertain  the  reason  was  unsuccess¬ 
ful.  Miss  Anthony  called  on  him  several  times  and  waited  for 
half  an  hour  in  his  anteroom,  but  he  declined  to  see  her  and, 
during  the  remainder  of  the  campaign,  the  amendment  re¬ 
ceived  no  recognition  from  the  Monitor. 

The  response  from  the  other  papers  of  the  State  was  most 
remarkable.  The  Populist  press,  without  exception,  was  for 
woman  suffrage.  Every  newspaper  in  Oakland,  Alameda  and 
Berkeley  spoke  in  favor  of  the  amendment.  The  majority  of 
those  in  Los  Angeles  and  San  Diego  counties  endorsed  it.  All 
but  one  in  San  Jose,  and  all  but  one  in  Sacramento,  did  like¬ 
wise.  Before  the  campaign  closed,  250  newspapers  declared 
editorially  for  the  suffrage  amendment.  Only  two  of  promi¬ 
nence  in  the  entire  State  came  out  boldly  in  opposition,  the 
Record-Union,  of  Sacramento,  and  the  Times  of  Los  Angeles. 
The  former  ceased  its  opposition  some  time  before  election; 
the  latter  continued  to  the  end,  ridiculing,  misrepresenting, 
denouncing,  and  even  going  to  the  extent  of  grossly  caricatur¬ 
ing  Miss  Anthony. 

The  Star,  the  Voice  of  Labor  and  other  prominent  journals 
published  in  the  interests  of  the  wage-earning  classes  ;  those 
conducted  by  the  colored  people  ;  the  Spanish,  French  and 
Italian  papers  ;  the  leading  Jewish  papers  ;  the  temperance, 
the  A.  P.  A.  and  the  Socialist  organs  ;  and  many  published 
for  individual  enterprises,  agriculture,  insurance,  etc.,  spoke 
strongly  for  the  amendment.  The  firm  which  supplied  plate 
matter  to  hundreds  of  the  smaller  papers  accepted  a  short 
article  every  week.  There  were  very  few  newspapers  in  the 
State  which  did  not  grant  space  for  woman  suffrage  depart¬ 
ments,  and  these  were  ably  edited  by  the  women  of  the  differ¬ 
ent  localities.  Matter  on  this  question  was  furnished  to  the 
chairman  of  the  press  committee  by  the  San  Francisco  Clipping 
Bureau,  and  these  clippings  were  carefully  tabulated  and 
filed.  At  the  close  of  the  eight  months’  campaign  they  num¬ 
bered  9,000,  taken  from  the  press  of  California  alone.  Twenty- 


THE  CALIFORNIA  CAMPAIGN. 


869 


seven  papers  came  out  in  opposition ;  these  included  a  number 
of  San  Francisco  weeklies  of  a  sensational  character  and  a  few 
published  in  small  towns. 

It  must  be  remembered,  in  this  connection,  that  the  woman 
suffrage  oiganization  had  not  a  dollar  to  pay  for  newspaper  in- 
fluence,  had  no  advertising  to  bestow,  and  that  even  the 
notices  for  meetings  were  gratuitous.  All  this  advocacy  on  the 
part  of  the  papers  was  purely  a  free-will  offering  and  repre¬ 
sented  the  honest  and  courageous  sentiments  of  the  editors. 
It  is  deemed  especially  worthy  of  notice  because  there  was 
never  anything  like  it  in  previous  suffrage  campaigns.  Toward 
the  end,  when  the  influence  of  the  opposition  began  to  do  its 
fatal  work,  these  papers  were  closely  watched  and  in  not  one 
instance  was  there  a  defection. 

Notwithstanding  this  splendid  support  of  the  press,  Miss 
Anthony  was  firm  in  her  decision  that  she  would  not  remain 
through  the  campaign  unless  the  amendment  could  secure  the 
endorsement  of  the  political  parties,  and  every  energy  was  di¬ 
rected  toward  this  point.  Several  of  the  Republican  county 
conventions  declared  for  it,  and  a  number  of  Republican 
leaders  who  were  visited,  announced  themselves  in  favor  of 
the  plank.  The  State  Convention  was  to  be  held  May  5.  On 
May  3,  the  Sunday  edition  of  the  San  Francisco  Call,  the 
largest  and  most  influential  Republican  paper  in  the  State, 
came  out  with  flaming  headlines  declaring  boldly  and  unequivo¬ 
cally  for  woman  suffrage!  The  sensation  created  was  tre¬ 
mendous,  and  amendment  stock  went  up  above  par.  The 
Monday  and  Tuesday  editions  continued  the  editorial  endorse¬ 
ment,  declaring  that  the  Republican  party  stood  committed  to 
woman  suffrage,  and  that  the  Call  constituted  itself  the  cham¬ 
pion  and  would  carry  it  to  victory. 

Tuesday  morning  the  Republican  convention  opened  at  Sacra¬ 
mento.  The  woman  suffrage  delegation,  consisting  of  Mrs. 
Sargent,  Mrs.  John  F.  Swift,  Mrs.  Blinn,  Mrs.  Austin  Sperry, 
Mrs.  Knox  Goodrich,  Miss  Anthony,  Rev.  Anna  Shaw,  Miss 
Hay,  Miss  Yates,  Mrs.  Harper,  opened  their  headquarters  at 
the  Golden  Eagle  Hotel,  decorated  their  parlor  with  flowers, 


870  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY, 

spread  out  their  literature  and  badges  and  waited  for  the  dele¬ 
gates.  They  had  not  long  to  wait.  With  the  influence  of  the 
Sunday  Call,  a  copy  of  which  had  been  laid  on  the  seat  of 
every  delegate  in  the  convention  hall,  they  had  a  prestige 
which  found  favor  in  the  eyes  of  the  politicians.  The  visitors 
came  early  and  stajmd  late ;  they  went  away  and  returned 
bringing  their  friends  to  be  converted.  The  Call  account  said  : 
“They  went  in  twos  and  threes,  in  large  groups  and  in  entire 
delegations,  to  pay  homage  to  their  more  modest  workers  and 
apparently  to  beg  the  privilege  of  serving  them.”  The  rooms 
were  crowded  until  after  midnight. 

The  delegates  put  on  the  badges,  and  when  the  convention 
opened  250  of  them  were  wearing  the  little  flag  with  its  three 
stars.  The  ladies  were  given  the  best  seats  in  the  great  build- 
ing.  The  delegates  were  divided  into  two  hostile  camps,  rep¬ 
resenting  opposite  wings  of  the  party,  and  the  women  had  to 
move  very  carefully,  as  it  was  by  no  means  certain  which  fac¬ 
tion  would  secure  control  of  the  convention.  They  also  had 
to  frame  many  non-committal  answers  to  the  question,  “How 
do  you  stand  on  the  A.  P.  A.?  ”  The  headquarters  were 
thronged  with  reporters ;  every  woman  was  interviewed  at  length 
and  her  opinions  telegraphed  to  the  great  San  Francisco  dailies. 
Miss  Anthony’s  interviews  occupied  a  column  in  the  Ex¬ 
aminer,  each  day  of  the  convention.  Those  alarmists  who 
fear  women  will  lose  the  respect  of  men  when  they  are  invested 
with  political  influence  should  have  had  this  object  lesson. 

The  chairman  of  the  convention  was  considered  not  favora¬ 
ble  to  woman  suffrage.  Of  the  seven  men  appointed  on  the 
resolution  committee,  five  were  said  to  be  opposed  to  the  plank. 
The  spirits  of  the  ladies  began  to  droop.  In  the  evening  per¬ 
mission  was  given  them  to  address  the  platform  committee. 
Mrs.  Harper  wrote  the  San  Francisco  Call : 

I  wish  I  coulci  picture  that  scene.  In  the  small  room,  seated  around  the 
table,  were  the  seven  men  who  held  the  fate  of  this  question  in  their  hands. 
At  one  end  stood  Miss  Anthony,  the  light  from  above  shining  upon  her  silver 
nair  until  it  seemed  like  a  halo,  and  she  spoke  as  no  one  ever  heard  her  speak 
before.  On  the  face  of  every  delegate  was  an  expression  of  the  deepest 
seriousness,  and  before  she  had  finished  tears  were  in  the  eyes  of  more  than 


THE  CALIFORNIA  CAMPAIGN. 


871 


one.  She  was  followed  by  Miss  Shaw,  who  stood  there  the  embodiment  of 
all  that  is  pure,  sweet  and  womanly,  and  in  a  low,  clear  voice  presented  the 
subject  as  no  one  else  could  have  done.  As  we  were  about  to  leave  the  room, 
the  chairman  said,  “  Ladies,  we  will  take  the  vote  now,  if  you  desire.”  We 
thanked  him,  but  said  no,  we  would  withdraw  and  leave  them  to  consider  the 
matter  at  their  leisure. 

Within  a  very  few  minutes  we  had  their  decision — six  in  favor  of  the  reso¬ 
lution  and  one  opposed.  Here  I  want  to  call  attention  to  one  thing.  Eight 
women  knew  of  the  favorable  action  of  the  committee  by  9  o’clock,  but  al¬ 
though  we  were  besieged  by  reporters  and  delegates  until  nearly  midnight 
we  gave  no  sign,  and  the  Wednesday  morning  papers  could  only  say  that  it 
was  probable  there  would  be  a  woman  suffrage  plank.  It  is  charged  that 
women  can  not  keep  a  secret,  but  this  is  one  of  those  many  ancient  myths 
which  take  a  long  time  to  die. 

The  plank  was  adopted  next  day  in  the  big  convention  with 
only  one  dissenting  voice.  The  Woman’s  Congress  was  in  session 
at  San  Francisco  and  when  Mrs.  Cooper,  its  president,  stepped 
forward  on  the  platform  and  read  the  telegram  announcing  the 
result,  the  enthusiasm  hardly  can  be  described.  The  ladies 
went  down  from  Sacramento  to  the  Congress  the  next  day  and 
received  a  continuous  ovation  throughout  the  rest  of  the  meet¬ 
ings. 

Among  the  pleasant  letters  which  came  to  Miss  Anthony  was 
one  from  Abigail  Scott  Duniway,  of  Portland,  Ore.,  in  which 
she  said:  “Your  triumphs  in  California  are  marvellous. 
Hurrah,  and  again,  hurrah!  I  believe  now  the  women  of  the 
Golden  State  will  win.  All  honor  to  you  and  your  noble  con¬ 
freres  !  ”  And  one  from  Lucy  Underwood  McCann,  of  Santa 
Cruz,  saying:  “It  is  to  you,  most  honored  and  revered  of 
women,  we  owe  the  fact,  because  of  your  long  martyrdom  in 
this  great  reform,  that  we  stand  now,  as  we  hope  and  pray, 
upon  the  brink  of  realization  of  our  rights.  This  has  been 
made  possible  only  through  the  patient  toil  of  such  heroic 
souls  as  your  own.  Your  wisdom  in  planning  this  campaign, 
in  which  we  confidently  expect  a  glorious  victory,  is  our  main¬ 
stay,  upon  which  all  other  hopes  depend.” 

Miss  Anthony’s  happiness  over  the  action  of  the  Republi¬ 
cans  knew  no  bounds,  and  she  began  with  renewed  courage  to 
prepare  for  the  Populist  convention  May  12.  The  prominent 


872 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Populists  who  were  visited  assured  the  ladies  that  they  need 
not  waste  time  or  money  going  to  Sacramento  to  secure  a  plank 
m  their  platform,  as  woman  suffrage  was  one  of  the  funda¬ 
mental  principles  of  their  party.  The  suffrage  leaders  felt, 
however,  that  this  convention  was  entitled  to  the  same  courtesy 
as  the  others  and  they  attended  in  a  body,  headed  by  Miss 
Anthony  and  Mis.  Sargent.  Wlien  they  entered  the  conven¬ 
tion  hall  they  were  received  with  cheers  and  waving  of  hats, 
escoited  to  the  fiont  seats,  invited  to  address  the  convention 
and  surrounded  by  delegates  during  the  recess.  Without  any 
solicitation  the  resolution  committee  reported  and  the  conven¬ 
tion  adopted  a  strong  woman  suffrage  plank,  and  then  gave 
three  cheers  for  the  ladies.  They  were  told  that  not  half  a 
dozen  men  in  that  body  were  opposed  to  the  amendment. 

Fiom  here  they  went  to  the  Prohibition  convention  at  Stock- 
ton,  were  met  at  the  station  by  a  delegation  of  ladies,  and 
received  with  distinguished  consideration  by  the  convention. 
Miss  Anthony  was  twice  invited  to  address  them,  and  the 
plank  endorsing  the  amendment  was  adopted  by  a  hearty  and 
unanimous  vote.  A  reception  was  then  held  at  the  hotel  and 
over  a  hundred  ladies  called. 

One  convention  yet  remained,  the  Democratic.  While  a  few 
of  the  leadeis  of  this  party  were  in  favor  of  the  amendment, 
most  of  them  were  opposed  and  gave  no  encouragement  to  the 
attempt  to  secure  a  plank.  The  ladies,  however,  carried  out 
the  program,  and  the  same  large  delegation  returned  to  Sacra¬ 
mento  June  16,  the  number  increased  by  Mrs.  Cooper,  Mrs. 
E.  0.  Smith,  of  San  Jose,  Mrs.  Alice  M.  Stocker,  of  Pleasan¬ 
ton,  and  several  others.  A  month  had  intervened  and  the 
opposition  had  had  time  to  organize.  Some  of  the  county 
conventions  had  declared  against  the  amendment  and  many  of 
the  delegates  had  been  instructed  to  vote  against  it. 

The  suffrage  representatives  were  disappointed  in  the  hope 
that  they  might  come  to  this  convention  with  the  editorial  en¬ 
dorsement  of  the  Examiner,  but  they  were  greatly  pleased  to 
receive  from  that  paper,  on  the  morning  of  the  opening,  a 
package  of  2,000  woman  suffrage  leaflets.  The  Examiner  had 


THE  CALIFORNIA  CAMPAIGN. 


873 


collected  at  its  own  expense  a  large  amount  of  fresh  and  valu¬ 
able  testimony  from  the  leading  editors  and  officials  of  Colorado 
and  Wyoming,  as  to  its  satisfactory  practical  working  in  those 
States,  and  had  arranged  it  in  large  type  on  heavy  cream-tinted 
paper,  making  the  handsomest  leaflet  of  the  kind  ever  issued. 
These  were  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  delegates,  and  also  dis¬ 
tributed  throughout  the  State. 

The  women  s  headquarters  at  the  Golden  Eagle  were  prac¬ 
tically  unvisited.  A  few  lone  delegates,  and  two  or  three  dele¬ 
gations  that  had  been  instructed  to  vote  for  the  amendment, 
strayed  up  to  express  their  sympathy,  but  most  of  them  were 
too  well  subjugated  by  the  political  bosses  even  to  pay  a  visit 
of  courtesy.  A  new  element  was  introduced  here  in  the  per¬ 
son  of  a  woman  of  somewhat  unpleasant  record  who  claimed 
to  be  the  representative  of  the  anti-suffrage  organization.  The 
platform  committee  consisted  of  thirty-five  and  met  in  a  large 
room  filled  with  spectators.  The  ladies  presented  a  petition 
signed  by  40,000  California  men  and  women  asking  for  woman 
suffiage.  The  entire  delegation  of  speakers,  with  Miss  An¬ 
thony  and  Miss  Shaw  at  the  head,  was  granted  twenty  minutes 
to  present  its  claims,  and  the  one  woman  above  referred  to  was 
given  the  same  amount  of  time.  She  did  not  occupy  more 
than  a  minute  of  it,  simply  saying  that  her  anti-suffrage  league 
was  going  to  organize  all  over  the  State  and  work  for  the  Demo¬ 
cratic  party.  The  resolution  was  laid  on  the  table,  almost  be¬ 
fore  they  were  out  of  the  room. 

A  minority  report  was  prepared  by  Charles  Wesley  Keed,  of 
San  Francisco,  and  signed  by  himself,  Mr.  Alford,  chairman 
of  the  committee,  and  two  others.  In  a  letter  to  the  Call,  Mrs. 
Harper  thus  describes  subsequent  events: 

Mr.  Reed  assured  the  ladies  that  he  would  bring  this  report  before  the  con¬ 
vention  and  he  kept  his  word,  although  he  had  other  fights  on  hand  and 
endangered  them  by  standing  for  woman  suffrage.  This  minority  report 
although  properly  drawn  and  signed  by  four  members  of  the  platform  com¬ 
mittee,  including  the  chairman,  was  “  smothered  ”  by  the  secretary  of  the 
convention  and  its  chairman,  Mr.  Frank  Gould.  Every  other  minoritv  re- 
port  was  read  and  acted  upon  by  the  convention;  that  alone  on  woman 
suffrage  was  held  back.  In  vain  Mr.  Reed  protested;  the  chairman  ignored 


874 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


him  and  called  for  a  vote  on  the  platform  as  a  whole.  It  was  adopted  with  a 
roar,  and  our  fight  was  lost !  It  was  near  midnight.  We  had  sat  two  long 
hot  days  in  the  convention,  had  slept  but  little,  were  worn  out  and  very,  very 
wrathy.  At  this  juncture  John  P.  Irish  addressed  the  convention,  stating 
that  a  distinguished  lady  was  present,  etc.,  and  would  they  hear  Miss  Susan 
B.  Anthony?  Thinking  it  was  too  late  for  her  to  do  any  harm,  she  was  re¬ 
ceived  with  loud  applause. 

It  was  impossible  to  say  what  the  convention  expected,  but  they  got  a  re¬ 
buke  for  allowing  such  action  on  the  part  of  their  chairman  and  for  treating 
the  women  of  the  State  in  this  unjust  and  undemocratic  manner,  which 
caused  a  hush  to  fall  upon  the  whole  body.  It  was  a  dramatic  and  impressive 
scene,  one  not  to  be  forgotten.  At  its  conclusion  there  were  loud  cries  for 
Anna  Shaw.  The  little  fighter  was  at  the  boiling  point,  but  she  stepped  upon 
the  platform  with  a  smile,  and  with  that  sarcasm  of  which  she  is  complete 
master  supplemented  Miss  Anthony’s  remarks.  As  she  stepped  down,  half 
the  convention  were  on  their  feet  demanding  the  minority  report.  The  chair¬ 
man  stated  that  it  was  too  late  for  that,  but  a  resolution  might  be  offered. 
The  original  resolution  was  at  once  presented,  and  then  there  was  an  attempt  to 
take  a  viva-voce  vote,  but  our  friends  demanded  a  roll-call.  It  resulted  in 
149  ayes  and  420  noes.  Mr.  Gould’s  own  county  voted  almost  solidly  in  favor. 
Alameda  county,  led  by  W.  W.  Foote,  gave  32  noes  and  3  ayes,  yet  this 
county  sent  in  the  largest  petition  for  woman  suffrage  of  any  in  the  State. 

To  secure  more  than  a  one-fourth  vote  of  a  convention  which 
had  been  determined  not  to  allow  the  question  even  to  come 
before  it,  was  not  a  total  defeat.1 

The  battle  was  now  fairly  begun  and  it  grew  hotter  with 
every  passing  week  for  the  next  five  months.  A  few  days 
after  the  last  convention  the  women  held  a  mass  meeting  in 
Metropolitan  Temple  to  ratify  the  planks.  The  great  hall  was 
crowded  to  the  doors  and  hundreds  stood  during  all  the  long 
exercises.  As  the  ladies  who  had  been  to  the  conventions 
came  upon  the  stage,  the  building  fairly  rang  with  applause. 
The  Republican,  Populist,  Prohibition,  Democratic  and  So¬ 
cialist-Labor  parties  were  represented  by  prominent  men  who 
made  strong  suffrage  speeches.  Congressman  James  G. 
Maguire  spoke  for  those  individual  Democrats  who  believed 

1  About  1  o’clock  in  the  morning,  after  this  eventful  night,  the  ladies  were  awakened  by 
loud  laughter  and  women’s  voices.  They  arose  and  went  to  the  window  and  there  in  the 
brilliantly  lighted  street  in  front  of  the  hotel  were  two  carriages  containing  several  gaily 
dressed  women.  A  number  of  the  convention  delegates  came  out  and  crowded  around  them, 
three  or  four  climbed  into  the  carriages,  wine  bottles  were  passed  and  finally,  with  much 
talk  and  laughter,  they  drove  off  down  the  street,  the  men  with  their  arms  about  the  women’s 
waists.  The  ladies  returned  to  their  slumbers  thoroughly  convinced  that  they  had  not  used 
the  correct  methods  for  capturing  the  delegates  of  a  Democratic  convention. 


THE  CALIFORNIA  CAMPAIGN. 


875 


in  woman  suffrage,  among  whom  he  was  always  a  staunch  ad¬ 
vocate.  Miss  Anthony  was  cheered  to  the  echo  and  it  seemed 
as  if  the  audience  could  not  get  enough  of  her  bright,  pithy 
remarks,  as  she  introduced  the  different  speakers. 

The  suffrage  advocates,  elated  with  their  victory  in  three  con¬ 
ventions,  opened  headquarters  in  the  large  new  Parrott  build¬ 
ing  and  swung  their  banner  across  the  street.1  Five  rooms 
were  filled  with  busy  workers  directed  by  Mary  G.  Hay,  chair¬ 
man  of  the  State  central  committee,  while  the  other  members 
took  turns  in  receiving  the  reporters,  the  people  on  business 
and  the  throngs  of  visitors  from  all  parts  of  the  State.  To 
follow  this  campaign  in  detail,  to  name  all  of  those  most  promi¬ 
nently  connected  with  it,  would  be  obviously  impracticable. 
It  would  be  utterly  impossible  to  mention  individually  the 
hundreds  of  women  who  thoroughly  canvassed  their  own  pre¬ 
cincts  and  deserve  a  full  share  of  the  credit  for  the  large  vote 
cast.  A  number  of  competent  California  women  took  up  the  or¬ 
ganization  of  the  different  counties.  Every  woman  in  the  State 
who  could  address  an  audience  found  her  place  and  work.  Mrs. 
Alice  Moore  McComas  and  Rev.  Mila  Tupper  Maynard  headed 
the  list  of  Southern  California  speakers.  Miss  Sarah  M.  Sever¬ 
ance  spoke  under  the  auspices  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  Mrs.  Naomi 
Anderson  represented  the  colored  women.  Rev.  Anna  Shaw 
spoke  every  night  during  the  campaign,  except  the  one  month 
when  she  returned  East  to  fill  engagements.  She  paid  the 
salary  of  her  secretary  and  donated  her  services  to  the  head¬ 
quarters  for  five  months.  Miss  Elizabeth  Upliam  Yates,  of 
Maine,  made  about  one  hundred  speeches.  The  last  two 
months  Mrs.  Carrie  Chapman  Catt,  national  organizer,  gave 
several  addresses  each  day.  There  were  very  few  men  who 
worked  as  hard  during  that  campaign  as  did  scores  of  the 
women,  each  according  to  her  ability. 

1  The  use  of  these  rooms  was  donated  by  the  manager  of  the  Emporium,  the  large  depart¬ 
ment  store  in  the  building.  All  through  the  summer  and  autumn  a  number  of  most  capable 
young  women,  who  were  employed  as  stenographers,  teachers,  etc.,  gave  every  waking 
moment  outside  business  hours  to  the  work  at  headquarters,  carrying  home  with  them  great 
packages  of  leaflets  and  circulars  to  be  folded  and  addressed,  looking  after  their  own  pre¬ 
cincts,  and  rendering  services  which  could  not  have  been  paid  for  in  money.  Although  all 
were  breadwinners  they  labored  from  love  of  the  cause  and  without  a  thought  of  thanks  or 
remuneration. 


876 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


No  description  could  give  an  adequate  idea  of  the  amount  of 
labor  performed  by  Miss  Anthony  during  those  eight  months. 
There  was  scarcely  a  day,  including  Sundays,  that  she  did  not 
make  from  one  to  three  speeches,  often  having  a  long  journey 
between  them.  She  addressed  great  political  rallies  of  thou¬ 
sands  of  people  ;  church  conventions  of  every  denomination  ; 
Spiritualist  and  Freethinkers’  gatherings  ;  Salvation  Army 
meetings ;  African  societies ;  Socialists ;  all  kinds  of  labor 
organizations;  granges;  Army  and  Navy  Leagues  ;  Soldiers’ 
Homes  and  military  encampments  ;  women’s  clubs  and  men’s 
clubs  ;  Y.  M.  C.  A.’s  and  W.  C.  T.  U.’s.  She  spoke  at  farm¬ 
ers’  picnics  on  the  mountaintops,  and  Bethel  Missions  in  the 
cellars  of  San  Francisco ;  at  parlor  meetings  in  the  most  ele¬ 
gant  homes ;  and  in  pool-rooms  where  there  was  printed  on  the 
blackboard,  “  Welcome  to  Susan  B.  Anthony.” 

She  was  in  constant  demand  for  social  functions,  where  her 
presence  gave  an  opportunity  for  a  discussion  of  the  all-absorb¬ 
ing  question.  One  of  the  handsomest  of  these  was  a  breakfast  of 
two  hundred  covers,  given  by  the  Century  Club  in  the  “  maple 
room”  of  the  Palace  Hotel,  where  were  gathered  the  leading 
women  of  San  Francisco  and  other  cities  in  the  State.  Miss 
Anthony  sat  at  the  right  hand  of  the  president  and  responded 
to  the  toast,  “ Those  who  break  bread  with  us.”  The  club 
privileges  were  extended  to  her  and,  at  the  close  of  the  cam¬ 
paign,  she  was  made  an  honorary  member.  This  club  was 
composed  largely  of  conservative  women,  but  its  president, 
Mrs.  Mary  Wood  Swift,  was  one  of  the  most  prominent  of  the 
suffrage  advocates.  She  addressed  the  Woman’s  Press  Asso¬ 
ciation,  the  Laurel  Hall  Club,  the  Forum,  Sorosis,  Association 
of  Collegiate  Alumnae  and  most  of  the  other  women’s  organiza¬ 
tions  of  San  Francisco.  An  invitation  to  luncheon  was  re¬ 
ceived  from  Mrs.  Stanford  signed,  “Your  sincere  friend  and 
believer  in  woman  suffrage,”  and  a  very  pleasant  day  was 
spent  in  her  lovely  home  at  Menlo  Park. 

A  breakfast  was  given  in  her  honor  by  the  Ebell  Club  of 
Oakland,  Mrs.  G.  W.  Bunnell,  president.  She  rode  in  a 
beautifully  decorated  carriage  at  the  great  Fabiola  Fete,  or 


t 


THE  CALIFORNIA  CAMPAIGN. 


877 


floral  festival,  held  annually  in  this  city.  Many  social  courte¬ 
sies  were  extended  in  the  towns  around  the  bay,  among  them 
being  dinner  parties  by  Senator  and  Mrs.  Fred  Stratton,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  A.  A.  Moore,  Mrs.  Henry  Vrooman,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
F.  M.  Smith,  Mrs.  Emma  Shafter  Howard,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  F. 
C.  Havens,  Mrs.  Alice  H.  Wellman,  of  Oakland  ;  Judge  and 
Mrs.  J.  A.  Waymire,  of  Alameda;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  A. 
Keith,  of  Berkeley.  All  this  would  have  been  very  enjoyable 
but  for  the  fact  that  most  of  these  occasions  included  a  speech, 
and  she  was  usually  obliged  to  come  from  just  having  spoken, 
or  to  rush  away  to  keep  another  engagement.  One  unique  ex¬ 
perience  was  a  complimentary  trip  tendered,  through  Mrs. 
Lovell  White,  by  the  proprietors  of  the  new  Mill  Valley  and 
Mount  Tamalpais  Scenic  Railway,  to  Miss  Anthony  and  a 
large  number  of  guests.  From  the  top  of  this  high  peak, 
which  overlooks  the  Golden  Gate,  they  enjoyed  a  view  that  for 
beauty  and  grandeur  is  not  surpassed  in  the  world. 

Miss  Anthony  visited  also  various  towns  throughout  the 
central  part  of  the  State  and  along  the  coast,  speaking  in  wig¬ 
wams,  halls,  churches,  schoolhouses  and  the  open  air,  taking 
trains  at  all  hours,  travelling  through  heat  and  dust,  wind  and 
cold  ;  and  there  was  never  a  word  of  complaint  during  all  the 
long  campaign.  She  was  always  ready  to  go,  always  on  time, 
always  full  of  cheer  and  hope. 

The  first  week  in  June  she  went  to  Portland  to  attend  the 
Woman’s  Congress,  Abigail  Scott  Duniway,  president.  Its 
officers  were  among  the  prominent  women  of  the  city,  and  she 
was  royally  received.  She  spoke  a  number  of  times  during 
the  nine  sessions  and  was  handsomely  treated  by  the  press. 
Sarah  B.  Cooper  joined  her  here,  on  her  way  home  from  the 
National  Federation  of  Clubs  at  Louisville,  Ky.  A  number  of 
receptions  were  given  in  their  honor,  among  them  one  by  the 
Woman’s  Club.  There  was  an  elaborate  luncheon  at  “the 
Curtis;  ”  and  a  reception  was  tendered  by  the  managers  of 
the  Woman’s  Union.  No  effort  was  spared  to  make  their  visit 
in  every  way  delightful.  Miss  Anthony  lectured  in  the  opera 
hoube  at  Seattle  undei  the  auspices  of  the  Woman’s  Century 


878 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Club,  and  a  reception  was  given  by  her  hostess,  Mrs.  Kate 
Turner  Holmes.  Many  inducements  were  offered  for  her  to 
extend  the  visit,  but  she  was  desirous  of  returning  to  the  field 
of  work  in  California  at  the  earliest  possible  moment  and  was 
absent  only  nine  days. 

Miss  Anthony  was  invited  by  both  Republican  and  Populist 
managers  to  address  their  ratification  meetings  in  San  Fran¬ 
cisco,  and  received  an  ovation  from  the  great  audiences  repre¬ 
senting  the  two  parties.  One  wing  of  the  Democrats  held 
their  ratification  meeting  after  night  in  the  open  air  and  of 
course  she  was  not  invited  to  speak,  but  the  other  wing  ex¬ 
tended  a  cordial  invitation  and  she  addressed  them  in  Metro¬ 
politan  Temple,  receiving  an  enthusiastic  greeting.  The 
suffrage  women  themselves  held  a  second  mass  meeting  Sep¬ 
tember  10,  according  to  the  Call,  “  amid  a  mighty  outburst  of 
popular  enthusiasm,  the  like  of  which  has  seldom  if  ever  been 
seen  at  a  political  meeting  held  in  this  city.”  Here  again  the 
part  taken  by  prominent  men  from  all  political  parties  demon¬ 
strated  the  non-partisan  character  of  the  woman’s  campaign. 
This  was  Mrs.  Catt’s  first  appearance  before  a  California 
audience  and  the  papers  said  :  “As  she  and  the  other  ladies 
delivered  their  clear-cut,  logical  speeches,  cheers  rent  the  air 
and  handkerchiefs  and  hats  were  waved  with  overmastering 
enthusiasm.” 

And  so  the  months  went  by,  with  their  cares  and  pleasures, 
their  hopes  and  fears,  their  elation  and  depression.  In  her 
letters  to  her  sister,  Miss  Anthony  wrote  :  “  Sometimes  I  have 
a  homesick  hour  and  feel  as  if  I  must  leave  all  and  rush  back 
to  my  own  hearthstone,  but  then  I  pull  myself  together  and 
resolve  to  go  through  to  the  end.”  A  similar  campaign  was 
in  progress  in  Idaho  and  Mrs.  Catt  was  there  in  August  at  the 
request  of  that  State  board,  to  represent  the  national  associa¬ 
tion.  They  were  very  anxious  that  Miss  Anthony  should  come 
also,  but  to  their  many  letters  she  replied  : 

I  should  love  dearly  to  go  to  Boise  at  once,  as  you  request,  and  I  should 
have  been  in  Idaho  during  the  last  two  months  had  it  been  possible  for  one 
human  being  to  be  in  two  places  at  the  same  time.  ...  I  learn  that  the 


THE  CALIFORNIA  CAMPAIGN. 


879 


men  who  believe  in  suffrage  in  your  State,  object  to  an  open  demand  for  party 
endoisement,  but  prefer  a  c£  still  hunt.”  I  have  seen  this  tried  before,  but 
our  opponents  always  can  make  a  stiller  hunt.  Our  only  hope  of  success 
lies  in  open,  free  and  full  discussions  through  the  newspapers  and  political 
paity  speakers.  .  .  .  Won’t  it  be  a  magnificent  feather  in  our  cap  if  we 

get  both  California  and  Idaho  into  the  fold  this  year  ?  How  beautiful  the 
blue  field  will  look  with  two  more  stars— five  little  gold  stars  !  Remember 
that  the  woman  suffrage  stars  are  gold,  not  silver.  Not  that  I  think  gold  is 

bettei  than  silver,  but  it  is  a  different  color  from  the  forty-five  on  the  regular 
flag.1 

There  were,  of  course,  some  misrepresentations,  both  inten¬ 
tional  and  unintentional,  of  Miss  Anthony’s  attitude.  The 
fact  of  her  speaking  on  the  platforms  of  all  political  parties 
was  something  which  many  people  could  not  comprehend,  and 
the  party  organs  could  not  refrain  from  twisting  her  remarks 
a  little  bit  in  the  direction  of  their  doctrines  ;  then  would 
come  a  storm  of  protests  'from  the  other  side,  and  she  would 
have  to  explain  what  she  actually  said.  Thus,  with  the  re¬ 
porters  constantly  at  her  elbow,  the  public  watching  every  ut- 
teiance  and  the  politicians  on  the  alert  to  discover  what  party 
she  and  her  fellow-workers  really  did  favor,  she  lived  indeed 

for  many  months  in  “the  fierce  light  that  beats  upon  a 
throne.  ” 

“0,  that  I  had  you  by  my  side  ;  what  a  team  we  would 
make  !  she  often  wrote  to  Mrs.  Stanton,  who  answered  :  “I 
lead  all  the  papers  you  send  and  watch  closely  the  progress  of 
the  campaign.  I  feel  at  times  as  if  I  should  fly  to  your  help. 
We  are  the  only  class  in  history  that  has  been  left  to  fight  its 
battles  alone,  unaided  by  the  ruling  powers.  White  labor  and 

the  freed  black  men  had  their  champions,  but  where  are 
ours  ?  ” 

In  June  the  National  Republican  Convention  was  held  at  St. 
Louis.  Miss  Anthony  could  not  make  the  long  journey  but 
she  sent  the  following  resolution  and  asked  its  adoption  :  “The 
Republican  Party  in  national  convention  assembled  hereby 
recommends  that  Congress  shall  submit  an  amendment  to  the 

1 1  In  Idaho  all  political  State  conventions,  Republican,  Populist  and  Democratic  endorsed 

the  amendment,  it  received  a  majority  of  the  popular  vote,  and  the  women  now’ have  full 
suffrage. 


880 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Federal  Constitution  providing  that  the  right  of  citizens  of  the 
United  States  to  vote  shall  not  be  denied  or  abridged  by  the 
United  States,  or  by  any  State,  on  account  of  sex.” 

The  platform  committee  labored  and  this  is  what  it  brought 
forth:  “The  Republican  party  is  mindful  of  the  rights 
and  interests  of  women.  Protection  of  American  industries 
includes  equal  opportunities,  equal  pay  for  equal  work,  and 
protection  to  the  home.  We  favor  the  admission  of  women  to 
wider  spheres  of  usefulness,  and  welcome  their  co-operation  in 
rescuing  the  country  from  Democratic  mismanagement  and 
Populist  misrule.” 

Miss  Anthony's  indignation,  anger  and  contempt  when  she 
read  this  resolution  can  not  be  put  into  words.  It  required  the 
combined  efforts  of  those  who  were  nearest  her  to  prevent  the 
expression  of  her  opinion  in  reply  to  the  many  reporters  and 
letters  wanting  to  know  how  she  regarded  this  plank.  “  You 
must  not  offend  the  Republicans  and  injure  our  amendment,” 
they  argued,  and  she  would  acquiesce  and  subside.  Then, 
after  thinking  it  over,  she  would  again  burst  forth  and  declare 
the  women  of  the  country  should  not  be  compelled  to  submit 
to  this  insult  without  a  protest  from  her.  “Women  want  the 
suffrage  as  a  sword  to  smite  down  Democratic  and  Populist 
misrule.  Infamous  !  ”  she  exclaimed  again  and  again.  “  That 
climaxes  all  the  outrages  ever  offered  to  women  in  the  history 
of  political  platforms.”  To  Mrs.  Stanton  she  wrote  :  “0,  that 
you  were  young  and  strong  and  free,  and  could  fire  off  of  the 
planet  such  ineffable  slush  as  is  being  slobbered  over  our 
cause!  ”  But  she  held  her  peace,  and  all  the  brainy  women 
who  were  conducting  this  great  campaign  kept  silent,  although 
there  was  not  one  of  them  who  did  not  feel  exactly  like  Miss 
Anthony  in  regard  to  this  plank.  Nor  was  there  a  woman 
in  the  country,  who  was  able  to  comprehend  the  resolution, 
that  did  not  regard  it  as  an  insult  and  feel  that  she  would 
prefer  never  again  to  have  women  mentioned  in  a  national 
platform  if  the  men  who  should  make  it  had  no  higher  concep¬ 
tion  of  justice  than  this. 

On  October  11,  Miss  Anthony  started  on  a  southern  tour, 


THE  CALIFORNIA  CAMPAIGN. 


881 


speaking  first  at  San  Luis  Obispo  to  an  audience  which 
crowded  the  hall.  From  here  to  Santa  Barbara,  through  the 
courtesy  of  Superintendent  Johnson,  of  the  narrow  gauge  rail¬ 
road,  the  train  was  stopped  at  every  station  for  a  ten-minute 
addiess.  At  some  places  a  stage  had  been  extemporized,  at 
others  she  spoke  from  the  rear  platform  of  the  car.  Her  com¬ 
ing  had  been  announced  and,  even  in  those  rather  thinly  set¬ 
tled  regions,  there  would  be  as  many  as  a  thousand  people 
gathered  at  the  station.  When  she  concluded,  quantities  of 
flowers  would  be  thrown  in  her  pathway  and  the  platform 
literally  banked  with  them.1  After  a  stage  ride  of  forty  miles 
she  received  an  enthusiastic  welcome  at  Santa  Barbara,  where 
she  was  the  guest  of  Dr.  Ida  Stambach.  The  ovation  was  con¬ 
tinued  at  all  the  towns  visited  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
State. 

A  little  flurry  had  been  caused  early  in  the  campaign  by  the 
announcement  that  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  Convention  would 
be  held  in  San  Francisco  during  the  autumn  of  1896.  Miss 
Anthony  had  written  Miss  Willard  that  she  thought  this  would 
be  very  injudicious.  She  then  had  agreed  to  postpone  it  until 

after  the  election,  and  Miss  Anthony  again  had  objected,  say¬ 
ing: 

I  am  glad  you  think  it  will  be  possible  to  postpone  your  convention  to 
November;  but,  you  see,  even  to  do  that  all  California  will  be  full  of  your 
advertisements,  and  the  papers  all  telling  how  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  is  going  to 
bring  its  convention  to  San  Francisco  immediately  after  the  women  have  the 
right  to  vote,  so  as  to  educate  them  to  destroy  the  wine-growing  and  brandy¬ 
distilling  business;  in  other  words,  that  it  is  going  to  start  in  the  first  thing 
to  ruin  what  today  is  the  one  means  of  livelihood  for  immense  numbers  of 
ranchmen  throughout  the  State.  So,  I  hope — nay,  I  beseech — that  you  will 
withdraw  the  convention  altogether  from  California  for  this  year.  I  have 
had  letters  from  the  amendment  campaign  committee,  and  every  one  of  them 
deplores  the  coming  of  the  convention.  .  .  . 

Now,  my  dear,  hold  your  convention  any  place  but  in  a  State  where  we  are 
trying  to  persuade  every  license  man,  every  wine-grower,  every  drinker  and 

1  To  commemorate  this  journey  Miss  Selina  Solomons,  of  San  Francisco,  wrote  a  tender 
poem,  beginning : 

“  She  walks  on  roses!  she  whose  feet 
Have  trod  so  long  the  stony  way, 

They  tread  who  lead  mankind  to  greet 
The  coming  of  a  brighter  day.” 

Ant. — 56 


SS2 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


every  one  who  does  not  believe  in  prohibition,  as  well  as  every  one  who  does, 
to  vote  “  yes  ”  on  the  woman  suffrage  question.  If  you  only  will  do  this,  I  am 
sure  you  will  do  the  most  effective  work  in  the  power  of  any  mortal  to  secure 
the  end  we  all  so  much  desire. 

Miss  Willard  replied  in  a  cordial  letter  that  she  had  not  the 
slightest  wish  to  antagonize  her  or  the  suffrage  movement  and 
would  use  her  influence  to  have  the  place  of  the  convention 
changed.  To  Mrs.  B.  Sturtevant  Peet,  president  of  the  Cali¬ 
fornia  W.  C.  T.  U.,  who  was  somewhat  in  doubt  as  to  the 
necessitv  for  such  change,  Miss  Anthony  wrote  : 

What  you  say  of  the  good  influence  of  your  national  convention  in  San 
Francisco  is  true  so  far  as  concerns  the  actual  Prohibition  men ;  but  we  must 
consider  those  who  are  making  their  daily  bread  out  of  the  manufacture  as 
well  as  the  sale  of  liquors.  There  are  many  excellent  men  in  California  who 
are  not  total  abstainers,  but  who  believe  in  wine  as  the  people  of  Italy  and 
France  believe  in  it ;  and  I  think  that,  in  waging  our  campaign,  we  should  be 
careful  not  to  run  against  the  prejudices  or  the  pecuniary  interests  of  that 
class.  As  I  have  said  before,  if  it  were  a  Prohibition  amendment  which  was 
pending  I  should  think  it  exceedingly  unwise  to  run  that  campaign  under  the 
banner  of  woman  suffrage.  The  average  human  mind  is  incapable  of  taking 
in  more  than  one  idea  at  a  time.  The  one  we  want  to  get  into  the  heads  of 
the  voters  this  year  is  woman’s  enfranchisement,  and  we  must  pull  every 
string  with  every  possible  individual  man  and  class  of  men  to  secure  their 
votes  for  this  amendment.  We  should  be  extremely  careful  to  base  all  our 
arguments  upon  the  right  of  every  individual  to  have  his  or  her  opinion 
counted  at  the  ballot-box,  whether  it  is  in  accordance  with  ours  or  not. 
Therefore,  the  amendment  must  not  be  urged  as  a  measure  for  temperance, 
social  purity,  or  any  other  reform,  but  simply  as  a  measure  to  give  to  women 
the  right  to  vote  yea  or  nay  on  each  and  all  of  them.  I  want  every  woman 
in  California  to  work  for  the  amendment,  but  I  want  her  to  work  in  the  name 
of  suffrage,  not  of  prohibition. 

The  national  convention  was  withdrawn  entirely  from  Cali- 

V 

fornia,  and  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  women,  in  most  places,  worked 
under  the  one  banner  of  the  suffrage  amendment  during  the 
campaign.  In  proof  that  there  was  no  feeling  on  the  part  of 
the  leaders  against  Miss  Anthony,  it  may  be  stated  that  she  re¬ 
ceived  official  invitations  to  be  present  at  the  birthday  celebra¬ 
tion  of  Mrs.  Peet,  in  April  ;  to  address  the  State  W.  C.  T.  U. 
Convention  at  Petaluma,  in  October  ;  to  attend  the  National 
Convention  at  St.  Louis  in  November  ;  and  to  join  in  the  fare- 


THE  CALIFORNIA  CAMPAIGN. 


883 


well  reception  to  Miss  Willard  in  New  York  on  the  eve  of  her 
departure  for  Europe. 

The  managers  of  the  woman’s  campaign  supposed  of  course 
that  the  endorsement  by  the  Populist  and  Republican  State  Con¬ 
ventions  meant  not  only  that  the  speakers  of  those  parties 
would  advocate  the  suffrage  plank  just  as  they  did  the  others 
in  their  respective  platforms,  but  that  they  also  would  permit 
the  women  themselves  to  speak  for  it  in  their  political  meet¬ 
ings.  When  they  applied  to  Mr.  Wardall  and  the  other  members 
of  the  Populist  Central  Committee,  the  schedule  was  promptly 
furnished  and  they  were  assured  that  their  speakers  would  be 
welcomed.  When  they  applied  to  the  Republican  Central 
Committee,  to  their  amazement,  they  were  put  off  with  an 
evasive  answer.  Meanwhile  they  had  Miss  Anthony,  Miss 
Shaw,  Mrs.  Catt  and  other  speakers  waiting  for  engagements 
and  did  not  dare  make  dates  ahead  lest  it  might  interfere  with 
the  big  Republican  rallies  which  they  wished  them  to  address. 
Again  and  again  they  went  to  the  Republican  Central  Commit¬ 
tee  and  asked  for  the  schedule  of  their  meetings  and  the  priv¬ 
ilege  of  sending  their  speakers  to  them.  Finally,  after  weeks 
of  anxious  waiting,  the  chairman,  Major  Frank  McLaughlin, 
sent  a  letter  to  the  suffrage  headquarters  saying  in  effect :  ‘  ‘  The 
committee  had  decided  not  to  grant  this  privilege  ;  in  the  lan¬ 
guage  used  at  one  time  by  Miss  Anthony,  it  meant  ‘  too  many 
bonnets  at  their  meetings/  and  they  wished  to  reach  the 
voters.” 

He  added  that  they  were  at  liberty  to  make  any  arrange¬ 
ments  they  chose  with  the  county  chairmen.  This  meant,  of 
course,  that  they  must  ascertain  the  name  and  address  of  every 
county  chairman  in  the  State,  watch  the  papers  for  the  an¬ 
nouncements  of  meetings,  hold  their  speakers  in  reserve,  and 
beg  the  privilege  of  having  them  heard.  All  this,  when  the 
endorsement  of  the  suffrage  amendment  was  the  first  plank  in 
the  Republican  platform  unanimously  adopted  by  the  State 
convention  !  There  was  nothing,  however,  except  to  make  the 
best  of  it ;  but  when  they  attempted  to  arrange  with  the  county 
chairmen,  they  found  Major  McLaughlin  had  written  them 


884 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


not  to  allow  the  women  speakers  on  their  platforms  !  While 
many  of  them  refused  to  obey  his  orders,  he  had  practically 
destroyed  the  best  opportunity  for  reaching  the  people. 

The  Republican  State  Convention  had  enthusiastically  adopted 
a  resolution  declaring  for  “  the  free  coinage  of  silver  at  a  ratio 
of  16  to  1.”  When  the  National  Convention  met  in  St.  Louis 
soon  afterwards  it  adopted  a  gold  standard  plank,  and  there  they 
were  !  The  Populists  and  Democrats  who  agreed  on  a  financial 
plank  saw  here  an  opportunity  and,  in  many  counties,  effected 
a  fusion  and  held  their  meetings  together.  This,  of  course, 
nullified  the  permission  given  the  women  to  put  speakers  on 
the  Populist  platform,  since  the  Democrats,  as  a  party,  were 
opposed  to  woman  suffrage,  and  there  they  were !  If  they 
attempted  to  hold  simply  suffrage  meetings,  they  could  get 
only  audiences  of  women,  because  all  the  men  were  in  attend¬ 
ance  at  the  political  rallies.  So  the  only  thing  left  was  for  th§ 
women  in  every  city  and  town  in  the  State,  whenever  a  political 
mass  meeting  was  advertised,  to  go  to  the  managers  and  hum¬ 
bly  beg  to  have  one  of  their  speakers  on  the  platform. 

This  was  not  often  refused,  and  it  was  just  as  easy  to  get 
this  permission  from  Democrats  as  from  Republicans.  The 
former  felt  that  if  the  amendment  should  carry  they  would  not 
object  to  a  little  of  the  credit,  and  they  soon  found  also  that 
the  women  were  a  drawing  card.  Whenever  there  was  a  purely 
Populist  meeting,  a  conspicuous  place  and  all  the  time  desired 
were  given  to  the  women,  but  at  Republican,  Democratic  or 
Fusion  meetings,  they  always  were  placed  at  the  end  of  the 
program  and  allowed  only  five  or,  at  most,  ten  minutes.  In 
order  simply  to  get  this  little  word,  the  women  speakers  would 
make  long  journeys  and  sit  on  the  platform  until  every  long- 
winded  male  orator  had  finished  his  speech,  and  until  they 
were  ready  to  drop  from  their  chairs.  But  the  audience  waited 
for  them,  no  matter  how  late,  and  never  failed  to  receive  them 
with  the  wildest  enthusiasm.  Many  times  when  the  managers 
would  have  been  willing  to  sandwich  them  between  other 
speakers,  the  latter  would  object,  saying  the  people  would  go 
home  as  soon  as  the  women  had  finished  ! 


THE  CALIFORNIA  CAMPAIGN. 


885 


As  the  campaign  wore  on  it  became  a  fight  for  life  with  the 
political  parties.  The  Call,  which  had  come  out  so  valiantly 
for  woman  suffrage,  had  been  struck  in  a  vital  part,  i.  e.,  in 
the  counting-room,  by  the  opponents  of  this  measure,  who 
withdrew  valuable  advertising  and  in  every  possible  way 
sought  to  injure  the  paper.  Its  support  was  used  by  the  other 
wing  of  the  Republican  party  to  create  a  prejudice  against  the 
candidates  it  advocated  ;  the  principal  stockholders  were  not 
friendly  to  the  amendment ;  as  the  organ  of  the  Central  Com¬ 
mittee  it  was  deprived  of  independent  action.  So  it  was  not 
surprising  that,  long  before  the  close  of  the  campaign,  the  great 
fight  which  the  Call  agreed  to  make  had  dwindled  to  an  occa¬ 
sional  skirmish  when  the  pleading  of  the  women  grew  too 
strong  to  be  resisted. 

Almost  without  exception  the  Republican  orators  were  silent 
on  the  question  of  woman  suffrage,  even  those  who  personally 
favored  it.  The  women  wrote  them,  interviewed  them  and 
begged  them  to  advocate  the  first  plank  in  their  platform  as 
they  did  all  the  rest,  and  occasionally  when  they  would  go  in 
a  body  and  sit  on  the  front  seats  to  watch  the  speaker,  he 
would  say  a  few  mild  words  in  favor  of  the  amendment,  but 
there  were  several  of  the  Democrats  who  did  as  much.  Some 
of  the  Populists  advocated  it,  but  the  most  prominent,  who 
always  before  had  spoken  for  it,  went  through  the  entire  cam¬ 
paign  without  so  much  as  a  mention,  in  order  to  secure 
Democratic  support.  When  Thomas  B.  Reed  came  into  the 
State,  at  the  very  end  of  the  campaign,  the  women  felt  sure  of 
an  ally,  as  he  had  long  been  a  pronounced  advocate,  but  he 
did  not  so  much  as  refer  to  the  question  in  his  tour  of  the 
State,  although  they  bombarded  him  with  letters  which 
would  have  impressed  a  heart  of  stone.  At  the  last  grand 
rally  in  Oakland,  the  day  before  election,  with  Miss  Anthony 
on  one  side  of  him  and  Miss  Shaw  on  the  other,  he  did  say 
that  he  “knew  of  no  more  reason  why  a  woman  should  not 
vote  than  why  a  man  should  not  ’ but  the  battle  then  was 
already  lost. 

Up  to  within  a  few  weeks  of  election,  in  spite  of  all  the 


886 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


drawbacks,  it  looked  as  if  the  amendment  would  win.  The 
general  sentiment  throughout  the  State  seemed  to  be  in  favor. 
The  mere  mention  of  the  subject  at  any  meeting  was  received 
with  the  greatest  enthusiasm.  Almost  every  delegate  body 
which  assembled  in  convention  during  that  summer  adopted  a 
resolution  of  endorsement ;  this  was  true  of  most  of  the  church 
conferences,  the  teachers’  institutes,  the  State  Grange  and 
farmers’  institutes,  the  Chautauqua  assemblies  and  countless 
others.  And  still  the  women  watched  and  waited  !  There 
was  one  element  more  powerful  than  all  these  combined,  which 
had  not  yet  shown  its  hand.  It  never  had  failed  in  any  State 
to  fight  woman  suffrage  to  the  death,  and  there  was  no  reason 
to  believe  it  would  not  kill  it  in  California. 

Ten  days  before  election  the  fatal  blow  came.  The  rep¬ 
resentatives  of  the  Liquor  Dealers’  League  met  in  San  Fran¬ 
cisco  and  resolved  “to  take  such  steps  as  were  necessary  to 
protect  their  interests.”  The  political  leaders,  the  candidates, 
the  rank  and  file  of  the  voters  recognized  the  handwriting  on 
the  wall.  From  that  moment  the  fate  of  the  amendment  was 
sealed.  The  women  had  determined,  from  the  beginning  of 
the  campaign,  that  they  would  give  the  liquor  business  no  ex¬ 
cuse  to  say  its  interests  were  threatened,  and  therefore  the 
temperance  question  had  been  kept  out  of  the  discussion  as 
had  the  religious,  the  tariff  and  the  financial  questions.  They 
took  the  sensible  view  that  it  had  no  more  place  than  these  in 
the  demand  for  women’s  right  to  vote  as  they  pleased  on  all 
subjects.  Therefore  the  action  of  the  liquor  dealers  had  no 
justification  in  anything  which  the  women  had  said  or  done. 
It  simpty  showed  that  they  considered  woman  suffrage  a 
dangerous  foe.  The  following  letter,  signed  by  the  wholesale 
liquor  firms  of  San  Francisco,  was  sent  to  the  saloon-keepers, 
hotel  proprietors,  druggists  and  grocers  throughout  the  State : 

At  the  election  to  be  held  on  November  3,  Constitutional  Amendment  No. 
Six,  which  gives  the  right  to  vote  to  women,  will  be  voted  on. 

It  is  to  your  interest  and  ours  to  vote  against  this  amendment.  We  request 
and  urge  you  to  vote  and  work  against  it  and  do  all  you  can  to  defeat  it. 

See  your  neighbor  in  the  same  line  of  business  as  yourself,  and  have  him 
be  with  you  in  this  matter. 


THE  CALIFORNIA  CAMPAIGN. 


887 


The  men  in  the  slums  of  San  Francisco  were  taken  in  squads 
and,  with  sample  ballots,  were  taught  how  to  put  the  cross 
against  the  suffrage  amendment  and  assured  that  if  it  carried 
there  never  would  be  another  glass  of  beer  sold  in  the  city. 
When  the  chairman  of  the  press  committee  went  to  a  profni- 
nent  editor,  who  was  opposed  to  woman  suffrage  and  knew 
that  these  things  were  being  done,  and  asked  if  there  were  no 
way  by  which  some  suffrage  literature  could  be  given  to  those 
men  so  that  they  might  see  there  was  no  ground  for  these 
threats,  he  said  :  “  Most  of  them  can  not  read  and  if  they 
could  the  whiskey  men  would  never  allow  a  page  of  it  to  get 
into  their  hands.’  In  what  way  the  liquor  dealers  worked 
upon  the  political  parties,  it  is  not  necessary  to  speculate.  The 
methods  were  not  new  and  are  pretty  well  understood.  They 
control  tens  of  thousands  of  votes  not  only  in  California  but 
in  every  State,  which  they  can  deliver  to  either  of  the  great 
parties  that  does  their  bidding  and  regards  their  interests. 

It  is  absurd,  however,  to  attribute  the  defeat  of  the  suffrage 
amendment  wholly  to  the  liquor  dealers,  or  to  the  densely 
ignorant,  or  to  the  foreigners.  In  the  wealthiest  and  most 
aristocratic  wards  of  San  Francisco  and  Oakland,  where  there 
were  none  of  these,  the  proportion  of  votes  against  the  amend¬ 
ment  was  just  as  great  as  it  was  in  the  slum  wards  of  the  two 
cities.  Those  respectable,  law-abiding  citizens  who  cast  their 
ballots  against  the  amendment,  thereby  voted  to  continue  the 
power  of  the  above  mentioned  classes. 

For  weeks  before  the  election,  the  most  frantic  efforts  were 
made  by  the  politicians  to  register  new  voters  and  colonize 
them  in  the  wards  where  they  would  be  most  needed.1  Columns 
of  appeals  were  issued  in  all  the  newspapers  to  get  the  vast 
numbers  of  lately  arrived  immigrants  to  come  to  the  city  hall 
and  register.  Men  were  sent  around  ringing  big  bells  and 
calling  upon  them  to  do  this,  and  interpreters  were  employed 
to  explain  that  it  would  not  cost  them  a  cent.  Finally  the 

1  Some  of  the  women  going  the  rounds  with  suffrage  petitions  in  San  Francisco  found  a 
house  consisting  of  one  room  with  three  cots,  where  were  registered  twenty-seven  voters. 


888  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

registry  books  were  carried  to  the  parks  and  other  places  where 
these  men  were  employed,  in  order  to  secure  their  names. 

Meanwhile  the  intelligent,  order-loving,  sober  and  industri¬ 
ous  women  of  the  State  were  making  such  efforts  as  never  were 
made  by  any  class  of  men,  to  secure  this  same  privilege  of 
placing  in  the  ballot-box  and  having  counted  their  opinions  on 
questions  relating  to  the  public  welfare;- — opinions,  one  would 
think,  that  ought  to  be  considered  of  as  much  value  to  the 
State  as  those  which  such  strenuous  attempts  were  being  made 
to  obtain.  It  seems,  however,  that  intelligence,  morality  and 
thrift  must  wait  the  pleasure  of  ignorance,  vice  and  idleness. 

During  the  months  of  the  early  spring,  through  the  efforts 
of  a  few  women  who  worked  without  pay  and  used  only  their 
spare  moments,  the  names  of  nearly  30,000  women  were 
secured  to  a  petition  asking  for  the  suffrage.  This,  of  course, 
represented  only  a  fraction  of  those  which  might  have  been 
obtained  by  continued  effort,  but  a  petition  signed  by  even 
30,000  men  would  have  been  considered  worthy  of  attention. 
The  vast  majority  of  women  have  no  money  of  their  own  and 
those  who  work  for  wages,  as  a  rule,  receive  but  a  pittance, 
and  yet  there  were  raised  in  California  for  this  amendment 
campaign  almost  $19,000,  and  the  amount  contributed  by  men 
was  so  small  as  not  to  be  worth  mentioning.  The  financial 
success  was  due  very  largely  to  the  State  treasurer,  Mrs.  Aus¬ 
tin  Sperry.  She  not  only  made  a  donation  of  $500,  but  bor¬ 
rowed  from  the  bank  on  her  personal  note,  when  necessary, 
and  signed  blank  checks  to  be  used  when  the  treasury  was 
empty  and  repaid  when  outstanding  pledges  were  collected. 
Mrs.  Phoebe  Hearst  headed  the  list  with  $1,000.  Mrs.  Stan¬ 
ford  gave  almost  as  much  in  railroad  transportation  to  the 
speakers  and  organizers.  The  next  largest  contributor  was 
Mrs.  Knox  Goodrich,  of  San  Jose,  who  for  nearly  thirty  years 
had  stood  in  California  a  faithful  advocate  of  woman  suffrage, 
giving  time,  money  and  influence.  She  added  to  her  past 
donations  nearly  $500  for  this  campaign.  Mrs.  Sargent’s 
munificence  has  been  mentioned.  A  few  women  subscribed 


THE  CALIFORNIA  CAMPAIGN. 


889 


$100  each,  but  3,11  the  rest  W3S  given  in  sums  ranging  down  to 
a  few*  cents. 

The  tiue  record  of  these  contributions  would  wring  the 
heart  of  every  man  in  the  State.  A  large  photograph  of  Miss 

Anthony  and  Miss 
Shaw  was  given  for 
every  $2  pledge,  and 
many  poor  seamstress¬ 
es  and  washerwomen 
fulfilled  their  pledges 
in  twenty  -  five  cent 
installments,  coming 
eight  times  with  their 
mite.  Often  when  there 
was  not  enough  money 
on  hand  at  headquart¬ 
ers  to.  buy  a  postage 
stamp,  there  would 
come  a  timid  knock  at 
the  door  and  a  poorly 
dressed  woman  would 
enter  with  a  quarter  or 
half-dollar,  saying,  “I 
have  done  without  tea 
this  week  to  bring  you 
this  money;”  or  a 
poor  little  clerk  would 
say,  “I  made  a  piece 
of  fancy  work  evenings 
and  sold  it  for  this 
dollar.”  Many  a  wo¬ 
man  who  worked  hard 
ten  hours  a  day  to  earn 
her  bread,  would  come 
to  headquarters  and 
carry  home  a  great 
armload  of  circulars  to 


890  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

fold  and  address  after  night.  And  there  were  teachers  and 
stenographers  and  other  workingwomen  who  went  without  a 
winter  cloak  in  order  to  give  the  money  to  this  movement  for 
freedom.  This  pathetic  story  ought  to  be  written  in  full  and 
given  to  every  man  who  eases  his  conscience  by  saying,  “The 
majority  of  women  do  not  want  to  vote  ;  ”  and  to  every  well- 
fed,  well-clothed  woman  who  declares  in  her  selfish  ease,  “I 
have  all  the  rights  I  want.” 

Knowing  that  if  the  suffrage  amendment  were  placed  first 
or  last  among  the  six  which  were  to  be  voted  on,  it  would 
be  a  target  for  those  who  could  not  read,  the  ladies  wrote  to 
the  Secretary  of  State  asking  that  it  be  placed  in  the  middle 
of  the  list.  He  answered,  June  26:  “It  shall  be  as  you  re¬ 
quest  and  the  suffrage  amendment  be  third  in  order  as  certi¬ 
fied  by  me  to  the  various  county  clerks.”  When  the  tickets 
were  printed,  however,  it  was  placed  at  the  end  of  the  list  and 
thus  necessarily  at  the  end  of  the  whole  ticket,  making  it  a 
conspicuous  mark.  The  explanation  given  was  that  Governor 
Budd  had  directed  the  amendments  to  be  placed  on  the  ballot 
in  the  same  order  as  they  had  appeared  in  his  proclamation. 
As  this  had  not  been  issued  until  July  20,  a  month  after  the 
official  request  of  the  ladies  had  been  granted,  one  must  con¬ 
clude  there  was  a  mistake  somewhere.  The  results  were  ex¬ 
actly  what  had  been  feared.  In  San  Francisco  alone  hundreds 
of  ballots  were  cast  on  which  there  was  only  one  cross  and 
that  against  the  amendment;  not  even  the  presidential  electors 
voted  for. 

There  were  247,454  votes  cast  on  the  suffrage  amendment; 
110,355  for;  137,099  against;  defeated  by  26,734.  The  ma¬ 
jority  against  in  San  Francisco  was  23,772;  in  Alameda  county, 
comprising  Oakland,  Alameda  and  Berkeley,  3,627;  total,  27,- 
399 — 665  votes  more  than  the  whole  majority  cast  against  the 
amendment.  Berkeley  gave  a  majority  in  favor,  so  in  reality 
it  was  defeated  by  the  vote  of  San  Francisco,  Oakland  and 
Alameda.1  Alameda  is  the  banner  Republican  county  and 
gave  a  good  majority  for  the  Republican  ticket.  There  never 


1  Los  Angeles  gave  a  majority  of  3,600  in  favor  of  the  amendment. 


THE  CALIFORNIA  CAMPAIGN. 


891 


had  been  a  hope  of  carrying  San  Francisco  for  the  amend¬ 
ment,  but  the  result  in  Alameda  county  was  a  most  unpleasant 
surprise,  as  the  voters  were  principally  Republicans  and  Popu¬ 
lists,  both  of  whom  were  pledged  in  the  strongest  possible 
manner  in  their  county  conventions  to  support  the  amendment, 
and  every  newspaper  in  the  county  had  declared  in  favor  of  it. 
The  fact  remains,  however,  that  a  change  of  13,400  votes  in 
the  entire  State  would  have  carried  the  amendment;  and  proves 
beyond  question  that,  if  sufficient  organization  work  had  been 
done,  this  might  have  been  accomplished  in  spite  of  the  com¬ 
bined  efforts  of  the  liquor  dealers  and  the  political  bosses. 

Near  midnight  of  election  day,  a  touching  sight  might  have 
been  witnessed  on  a  certain  street  in  San  Francisco :  two 
women  over  seventy  years  of  age,  one  the  beloved  wife  of  a 
man  whom  California  had  selected  as  its  representative  in  the 
United  States  Senate  and  whom  the  government  had  sent  as 
its  minister  to  the  court  of  Germany ;  the  other  a  woman  uni¬ 
versally  admitted  to  be  the  peer  of  any  man  in  the  country  in 
statesmanship  and  knowledge  of  public  affairs — Mrs.  A.  A. 
Sargent  and  Susan  B.  Anthony.  In  the  darkness  of  night, 
arm  in  arm,  they  went  down  the  street,  peering  into  the  win¬ 
dows  of  the  rough  little  booths  where  the  judges  and  clerks  of 
the  election  were  counting  votes.  The  rooms  were  black  with 
tobacco  smoke  and  in  one  they  saw  a  man  fall  off  his  chair  too 
drunk  to  finish  the  count.  They  listened  to  the  oaths  and 
jeers  as  the  votes  were  announced  against  the  suffrage  amend¬ 
ment,  to  which  they  had  given  almost  their  lives.  Then  in 
the  darkness  they  crept  silently  home,  mournfully  realizing 
that  women  must  wait  for  another  and  better  generation  of 
men  to  give  them  the  longed-for  freedom. 

The  next  morning  when  Miss  Anthony  came  down  to  break¬ 
fast  she  found  a  group  in  the  Sargent  library  reading  the  news 
of  the  election,  and  all  looked  at  her  in  sorrowing  sympathy. 
She  stood  still  in  the  center  of  the  room  for  a  moment  and 
then  said  sadly  :  “I  don’t  care  for  myself,  I  am  used  to  de¬ 
feat,  but  these  dear  California  women  who  have  worked  so 
hard,  how  can  they  bear  it  ?  ” 


892 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Miss  Anthony  not  only  had  donated  her  own  services  but 
had  paid  her  secretary’s  salary  of  $75  per  month  and  permit¬ 
ted  her  to  give  her  entire  time  to  the  State  headquarters  for 
seven  months,  while  she  herself  attended  to  the  drudgery  of 
her  immense  correspondence  whenever  she  could  get  a  spare 
hour.  Even  at  the  small  sum  of  $25  for  a  regular  speech,  she 
would  have  contributed  over  $3,000  to  this  campaign,  in  ad¬ 
dition  to  the  scores  of  little  parlor  and  club  addresses.  She 
gave  her  services  freely  and  willingly  and  did  not  regret  them, 
but  often  said  that  the  California  campaign  was  the  most  har¬ 
monious  and  satisfactory  of  any  in  which  she  ever  was  engaged. 
There  was  not  the  slightest  friction  between  herself  and  the 
State  association  or  State  headquarters,  and  most  of  those 
prominent  in  the  work  were  of  such  refinement  and  nobility 
of  character  that  it  was  a  pleasure  to  be  associated,  with  them. 
Not  a  day  passed  that  she  did  not  receive  some  token  of  affec¬ 
tion  from  the  women  of  the  State.  The  Sargent  home  was 
filled  with  the  flowers  and  baskets  and  boxes  of  fresh  and  dried 
fruits,  etc.,  which  were  sent  to  her.1 

On  November  5,  two  days  after  the  election,  a  large  body  of 
California  women  met  in  Golden  Gate  Hall  to  hold  the  annual 
State  Suffrage  Convention.  Miss  Anthony  and  all  the  national 
officers  remained  to  help.  There  was  not  a  trace  of  defeat  or 
disappointment  ;  all  were  brave,  cheerful  and  ready  to  go  to 
work  again.  Twelve  hundred  dollars  were  raised  to  settle  all 
outstanding  bills  and  the  campaign  closed  without  a  dollar  of 
indebtedness.  As  Mrs.  Sargent  was  going  abroad,  a  worthy 
presidential  successor  was  elected,  Mrs.  Mary  Wood  Swift, 
wife  of  John  F.  Swift,  minister  to  Japan,  a  fine  presiding 
officer,  a  lady  of  much  culture,  travel  and  social  prestige,  who 

1  In  her  president’s  report,  at  the  next  annual  convention,  Mrs.  Sargent  said: 

“  Susan  B.  Anthony !  We  can  never  forget  her  labor  of  love  and  devotion  to  the  cause  of 
woman  suffrage  in  California.  She  counted  not  her  life  dear  to  her  so  that  she. could  help 
to  awaken  the  interest  of  men  and  women  in  the  great  principle  to  which  she  has  devoted 
her  life.  She  was  not  cold,  nor  hungry,  nor  tired,  nor  sleepy,  while  there  was  a  chance  to 
push  forward  the  work.  Throughout  the  campaign  Miss  Anthony  gave  her  own  services  and 
those  of  her  secretary  without  money  and  without  price.  She  reminds  one  of  the  great 
Niagara,  which  would  be  wonderful  if  its  waters  rolled  and  dashed  for  only  a  short  period  ; 
but  when  they  roll  and  dash  on  ceaselessly,  nor  ever  stop  to  rest,  there  the  wonder  of  it  all 
comes  in,  and  we  can  only  gaze,  admire  and  acknowledge  the  great  law  or  power  behind  it.” 


THE  CALIFORNIA  CAMPAIGN. 


893 


had  rendered  valuable  service  throughout  the  campaign.  The 
next  evening  the  suffrage  forces  held  a  grand  rally  in  Metro¬ 
politan  Temple.  Every  seat  in  that  fine  auditorium  was  occu¬ 
pied  and  the  aisles  were  crowded.  It  was  not  a  meeting  of  the 
adherents  of  a  lost  cause,  but  of  one  which  had  suffered  only 
temporary  defeat.  Miss  Anthony  presided  and  was  given  a 


true  California  ovation  and,  as  her  voice  rang  out  with  all  its 
old-time  vigor,  there  was  not  one  in  that  vast  audience  but 
hoped  she  might  return  to  lead  her  hosts  to  victory. 

Saturday  evening  at  6  o’clock  the  seven  eastern  women 
started  homewards,  laden  with  tokens  of  affection,  accompa- 
nied  across  the  bay  by  a  large  number  of  loving  friends,  and 
moving  off  amidst  smiles  and  tears  and  a  shower  of  fragrant 
blossoms. 


CHAPTER  XLVIII. 


HER  LETTERS— BIRTHDAY  PARTY - BIOGRAPHY. 

1896—1897. 

N  the  way  home  from  California  Miss  Anthony  and 
Mrs.  Catt  stopped  at  Reno,  Nev.,  lecturing  there 
Sunday,  while  Miss  Shaw  hastened  on  to  speak 
at  Salt  Lake  City.  Then  all  met  at  Kansas  City 
to  attend  the  Missouri  convention,  where  they 
were  the  guests  of  Mrs.  Sarah  Chandler  Coates.  The  papers 
refer  to  Miss  Anthony’s  speeches  at  this  convention  as  being 
the  very  strongest  she  ever  had  made,  and  of  her  perfect 
physical  condition  at  the  close  of  an  eight  months’  campaign. 

She  went  from  here  directly  home,  and  on  November  19  a 
brilliant  banquet  was  given  in  honor  of  Miss  Shaw  and  herself 
at  the  Hotel  Livingston  by  the  Political  Equality  Club.  Mary 
Lewis  Gannett  was  toast-mistress  and  about  250  guests  were 
seated  at  the  tables.  This  was  followed  by  the  State  conven¬ 
tion  at  Rochester.  After  a  few  days’  rest  Miss  Anthony  went 
to  the  home  of  Mrs.  Catt,  near  New  York,  where  a  business 
meeting  was  held  of  the  national  executive  board.  With  Mrs. 
Avery  she  then  took  one  of  the  great  Sound  steamers  for  Bos¬ 
ton  to  attend  a  meeting  of  the  National  Woman’s  Council.  A 
reception  was  given  by  Mrs.  Charles  W.  Bond,  of  Common¬ 
wealth  Avenue,  and  one  at  the  Hotel  Vendome.  She  ran  up 
to  Concord,  N.  H.,  for  a  few  days’  visit  with  her  aged  friends, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Parker  Pillsbury  and  Mrs.  Armenia  S.  White. 
Then  back  again  to  the  Garrisons’,  and  out  to  Medford  for  a 
day  with  Mrs.  Edward  M.  Davis,  the  daughter  of  Lucretia 
Mott. 

She  left  Boston  December  9,  to  fulfill  a  promise  made  to 

(895) 


896 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Elizabeth  Buffum  Chace,  to  spend  her  ninetieth  birthday  at 
her  home  in  Valley  Falls,  R.  I.  Mrs.  Chace  had  written  a 
number  of  letters  with  her  own  trembling  hand  to  arrange  for 
this  visit.  It  was  only  a  family  party,  but  the  diary  tells  of 
the  cake  with  ninety  little  candles,  and  other  birthday  features. 
Anna  Shaw  came  in  time  for  the  supper,  and  the  next  day  Mrs. 
Chace  sent  them  in  her  carriage  to  Providence  to  attend  the 
State  convention.  Here  they  were  guests  in  the  handsome  old 
Eddy  homestead,  and  Miss  Anthony  addressed  a  large  audience 
in  the  evening.  She  stopped  a  day  in  New  York  to  tell  Mrs. 
Stanton  about  the  California  campaign,  and  Sunday  morning 
reached  her  own  dear  home.  Her  old  and  loved  friend,  Maria 
Porter,  had  died  the  preceding  night,  and  she  attended  the 
funeral  services  next  day.  On  December  23  she  went  to 
Niagara  Falls  with  her  stenographer  to  secure  reminiscences 
from  her  cousin,  Sarah  Anthony  Burtis,  aged  eighty-six,  who 
was  a  teacher  in  the  home  school  at  Battenville  over  sixty  years 
before. 

The  year  just  closed  had  been  busy  but  pleasant.  It  had 
brought  the  usual  number  of  tokens  of  appreciation,  one  of 
which  was  notice  of  election  as  honorary  member  of  the  Chicago 
Woman’s  Club.  Among  the  scores  of  invitations  on  file  were 
one  from  Judge  George  F.  Danforth  to  meet  the  justices  of  the 
appellate  court  at  his  home;  and  one  to  the  golden  wedding  of 
her  old  fellow-laborers,  Giles  B.  and  Catharine  F.  Stebbins,  at 
Detroit,  the  latter  one  of  the  secretaries  of  that  famous  first 
convention  of  1848.  Major  James  B.  Pond,  the  well-known 
lecture  manager,  wrote  Miss  Mary  Anthony:  “  Thank  you  for 
your  kind  letter  and  the  excellent  photograph  of  your  great 
sister,  whom  I  have  admired  and  hoped  and  prayed  for  since 
I  was  a  poor  boy  out  in  Kansas.  I  still  believe  she  will  be 
spared  to  witness  a  general  triumph  of  her  noble  cause.”  The 
letter  contained  an  offer  of  $100  for  a  parlor  lecture  by  Miss 
Anthony  at  Jersey  City. 

A  few  of  Miss  Anthonv’s  own  letters,  taken  almost  at  random 
from  copies  on  her  file,  will  illustrate  the  vast  scope  of  her 
correspondence  and  her  peculiarly  trenchant  mode  of  expres- 


HER  LETTERS - BIRTHDAY  PARTY - BIOGRAPHY. 


897 


sion.  To  one  who  wanted  a  testimonial  from  her  that  she 
might  show  in  vindication  of  certain  accusations,  she  wrote: 

i 

I  went  through  all  the  fire  of  charges  of  stealing,  and  of  every  other  crime 
in  the  whole  calendar,  twenty-five  years  ago — charges  made,  too,  by  people 
of  vastly  more  influence  than  any  of  the  women  who  are  talking  and  writing 
today  about  you.  I  never  made  a  public  denial  of  one  of  them,  through  all 
the  years  of  the  bitterest  kind  of  persecution,  and  believe  I  was  greatly  the 
gainer  by  working  right  on  and  ignoring  them.  It  will  be  the  mistake  of 
your  life  if  you  go  into  print  in  your  own  defence.  Your  denial  will  reach  a 
new  set  of  people  and  start  them  to  talking,  while  the  ones  who  read  the 
original  charges  will  never  see  the  refutation  of  them. 

To  one  of  the  newly-enfranchised  women  of  Utah: 

The  one  word  I  should  have  to  .say  to  the  women  throughout  your  State 
would  be,  not  so  much  to  try  to  get  women  elected  to  the  offices  as  to  get  the  best 
persons,  whether  men  or  women.  Naturally  there  will  be  a  far  less  number 
of  women  than  of  men  capable  of  holding  office,  from  the  very  fact  of  their 
long  disfranchisement.  I  do  hope  your  women  therefore  will  set  a  good  ex¬ 
ample  not  only  for  Utah,  but  also  for  the  States  where  they  are  not  enfran¬ 
chised  ;  namely,  that  of  proving  it  is  not  the  spoils  of  office'they  are  after.  I 
think  the  women  of  Wyoming  always  have  been  wonderfully  judicious  in  not 
being  anxious  to  hold  offices  themselves,  but  mightily  anxious  as  to  what  men 
hold  therm  It  will  be  considered  a  strong  objection  to  woman  suffrage  if  the 
vast  majority  of  your  women  should  prove  themselves  mere  partisans. 

To  a  New  York  cousin:  “Your  little  birthday  present,  the 
Book  of  Proverbs,  came  duly.  Solomon’s  wise  savings,  how¬ 
ever,  don’t  help  me  very  much  in  my  work  of  trying  to  per¬ 
suade  men  to  do  justice  to  women.  These  men  and  their  pro¬ 
genitors  for  generations  back  have  read  Solomon  over  and  over 
again,  and  learned  nothing  therefrom  of  fair  play  for  woman, 
and  I  fear  generations  to  come  will  continue  to  read  to  as  little 
purpose.  At  any  rate,  I  propose  to  peg  away  in  accordance 
with  my  own  sense  of  wisdom  rather  than  Solomon’s.  All 
those  old  fellows  were  very  good  for  their  time,  but  their  wis¬ 
dom  needs  to  be  newly  interpreted  in  order  to  apply  to  people 
of  today.” 

In  answer  to  a  letter  from  Illinois  asking  the  secret  of  her 
success  in  life : 

If  I  may  be  said  to  have  made  a  success  of  my  life,  the  one  great  element 
Ant. — 57 


898 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


in  it  has  been  constancy  of  purpose — not  allowing  myself  to  be  switched  off 
the  main  road  or  tempted  into  bypaths  of  other  movements.  It  always  has 
been  clear  to  me  that  woman  suffrage  is  the  one  great  principle  underlying 
all  reforms.  With  the  ballot  in  her  hand  woman  becomes  a  vital  force — de¬ 
claring  her  will  for  herself,  instead  of  praying  and  beseeching  men  to  declare 
it  for  her.  It  has  been  a  long,  hard  fight,  a  dark,  discouraging  road,  but  all 
along  the  way  here  and  there  a  little  bright  spot  to  cheer  us  on.  And  now  we 
have  four  true  republics,  whose  women  are  full-fledged  citizens,  and  the  pros¬ 
pects  are  hopeful  for  others  soon  to  follow  in  the  wake  of  those  blessed  four. 
One  of  the  most  cheering  things  in  these  days  is  the  large  number  of  young 
women  who  are  entering  the  work,  bringing  to  it  a  new,  strong  enthusiasm 
which  wdll  push  on  to  victory.  The  women  over  all  the  country  are  waking 
up  to  the  fact  that  truly  to  possess  themselves,  to  have  their  opinions  re¬ 
spected,  they  must  have  this  right  of  suffrage. 

A  letter  from  the  secretary  of  a  national  conference  which 
was  seeking  to  bring  about  a  union  of  reformers,  Prohibition¬ 
ists,  Free  Silver  advocates,  etc.,  asked  her  assistance  and  called 
forth  the  following  response  : 

It  is  all  very  well  for  you  men,  who  have  the  power  to  make  and  unmake 
political  parties,  to  form  a  third,  fourth  or  fiftieth  party,  as  the  case  may  be ; 
but  as  for  myself  and  all  who  are  of  my  class,  disfranchised  and  helpless, 
we  have  nothing  to  do  wdth  any  of  them — old  or  new — except  to  ask  each 
and  all  to  put  a  woman  suffrage  plank  in  their  platform  and  educate  their 
members  to  place  a  ballot  in  the  hands  of  women.  I  never  have  identified 
myself  with  any  political  party,  but  have  stood  outside  of  all,  asking  each  to 
pledge  itself  to  the  enfranchisement  of  women.  Whenever  any  one  of  them 
has  asked  me  to  speak  in  its  meetings  on  the  suffrage  question,  I  have  ac¬ 
cepted  the  invitation,  but  I  never  have  advocated  the  specific  measures  of 
any. 

So,  you  see,  I  can  be  of  no  help  to  you,  but  I  do  know  that  no  one  of  the 
reform  political  parties  ever  will  amount  to  much  standing  alone,  and  that  it 
would  be  a  good  thing  for  all  of  them  to  come  together  in  one  body.  I  might 
say,  however,  that  least  of  all  could  I  join  yours,  which  makes  “  God  the 
author  of  civil  government.”  If  such  civil  government  as  we  have  was  made 
by  God,  what  reason  is  there  to  expect  any  improvement  in  the  future  ? 

From  a  letter  to  Isabella  Beeclier  Hooker  : 

Fortune  indeed  does  not  smile  any  too  favorably  upon  us  who  feel  so  long¬ 
ingly  the  need  to  use  money.  I  am  crippled  all  the  time  and  prevented  from 
doing  what  I  might  by  lack  of  funds.  The  old  faith  would  say,  I  suppose, 
that  whom  the  Lord  loveth  he  chasteneth  financially,  but  seems  to  me  I  could 
better  do  His  work  and  my  own  for  the  regeneration  of  the  world,  if  I  had 
the  money  to  do  it  with.  .  .  .  What  a  fuss  the  men  are  making  nowadays 

over  “  good  government” — the  idiots!  Can’t  they  see  it  is  impossible  to 


HER  LETTERS - BIRTHDAY  PARTY - BIOGRAPHY.  899 

improve  things  until  they  get  a  new  and  better  balance  of  power  that  will 
outweigh  the  one  which  now  pulls  down  the  political  scales  and  makes 
decency  kick  the  beam  every  time  ?  It  does  try  my  soul  that  we  can  not 
make  them  see  they  are  simply  trying  to  lift  themselves  by  their  bootstraps. 
Well,  they  are  born  of  disfranchised  mothers,  a  subject  class,  and  one  can 
not  expect  different  results. 

If  I  could  spare  the  time  and  money  I  would  love  to  accept  your  invitation 
to  sit  with  you  and  your  dear  J ohn  in  your  summer  retreat,  and  chat  over 
the  world  of  work  for  our  good  cause.  Of  the  before  and  the  after  I  know 
absolute^  nothing,  and  have  very  little  desire  and  less  time  to  question  or  to 
study.  I  know  this  seems  very  material  to  you,  and  yet  to  me  it  is  wholly 
spiritual,  for  it  is  giving  time  and  study  rather  to  making  things  better  in  the 
between,  which  is  really  all  that  we  can  influence;  but  perhaps  when  I  can  no 
longer  enter  into  active,  practical  work,  I  may  lapse  into  speculations. 

To  a  debating  society  asking  her  opinion  on  the  question  of 
“  educated  and  property  suffrage  :  ” 

I  always  have  taken  the  negative ;  that  is,  have  believed  in  universal  suf¬ 
frage  without  either  property  or  educational  qualification.  I  hold  that  every 
citizen  has  a  right  to  a  voice  in  the  government  under  which  he  lives.  While 
an  education  is  highly  desirable,  yet  a  man  may  be  unable  to  read  but  may 
attend  political  meetings,  talk  with  his  neighbors  and  form  intelligent  opin¬ 
ions.  He  may  be  honest  and  beyond  bribery,  and  a  more  desirable  voter 
than  many  wily  and  unscrupulous  men  who  have  a  graduate’s  diploma  It  is 
however,  the  duty  of  the  State  to  educate  its  citizens ;  and  the  Australian 

ballot,  which  has  been  largely  adopted,  is  in  itself  an  educational  qualifica¬ 
tion. 

As  to  a  property  qualification:  while  in  the  majority  of  cases,  perhaps, 
the  possession  of  property  is  evidence  of  ability  and  thrift,  there  are  many 
who  do  not  own  property  and  yet  are  possessed  of  good  sense  and  are  more 
capable  of  casting  an  honest  and  intelligent  ballot  than  some  of  the  wealthy 
men  of  the  country ;  then,  too,  those  who  have  least  are  the  ones  who  suffer 
most  from  the  legislation  of  the  rich,  and  need  the  ballot  for  self-protection. 

I  am  decidedly  opposed  to  a  property  qualification. 

To  one  who  was  in  deep  grief  she  said  in  an  affectionate  letter: 

Do  assure  me  that  you  are  beginning  to  think  of  your  dear 
one  as  he  was  when  well  and  moving  about  in  his  always  help¬ 
ful  and  cheering  manner.  To  get  far  enough  from  the  sick¬ 
ness,  the  suffering  and  the  death  of  our  friends,  so  as  to  be 
able  to  have  only  the  thought  of  them  in  their  full  vigor  of 
life,  is  the  greatest  joy  which  possibly  can  come  to  those  who 
have  lost  their  beloved.” 

While  Miss  Anthony  was  thus  constantly  giving  out  from 


900 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


the  vast  wealth  of  her  heart  and  brain,  she  was  receiving,  also, 
from  all  parts  of  the  country  the  strong  and  loving  tributes  of 
noble  souls.  A  beautiful  one  which  shines  on  the  pages  of 
1896  was  pronounced  by  the  eloquent  Dr.  H.  W.  Thomas,  of 
Chicago,  in  the  course  of  a  Sunday  sermon  entitled  “  Progres¬ 
sive  Greatness,”  delivered  to  a  large  audience  assembled  in 
McVicker’s  Theater  : 

A  Washington  and  a  Lincoln  have  come  in  our  great  century,  and  between 
their  birthdays  was  born  a  Susan  B.  Anthony,  whose  grand  life  has  been 
given  to  a  noble  cause ;  once  the  target  for  the  cruel  and  bitter  shafts  of  ridicule ; 
now  deemed  the  noblest  among  women.  The  task  of  W ashington  and  Lincoln 
could  not  be  complete  till  the  crown  was  placed  on  the  brow  of  woman  as  well 
as  man;  and  when  the  angels  shall  call  Susan  B.  Anthony  to  the  life  immor¬ 
tal,  her  name,  her  memory  on  earth  should  and  will  take  its  place  among  the 
martyrs  and  saints  of  liberty,  not  for  man  alone,  but  for  woman  and  child.” 

To  watch  the  old  year  out  and  the  New  Year  in,  Miss 
Anthony  went  to  Geneva,  and  here  spent  a  few  days  very 
pleasantly  with  Elizabeth  Smith  Miller  and  her  guest,  Harriot 
Stanton  Blatch.  Among  the  New  Year’s  remembrances  were 
$50  from  Mrs.  Elda  A.  Orr,  of  Reno,  Nev.;  $150  from  Mrs. 
Gross,  of  Chicago;  and  $300  from  Mrs.  Cornelia  Collins  Hussey, 
of  Orange,  N.  J.  The  usual  number  of  congratulatory  letters 
were  received  from  all  classes  of  people,  high  and  low,  old  and 
young,  white  and  colored. 

To  show  their  wide  range  two  or  three  may  be  given.  From 
Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Henrotin,  president  of  the  General  Federation 
of  Women’s  Clubs:  “  I  send  to  you  on  the  New  Year  a  fra¬ 
ternal  greeting  and  my  best  wishes  that  this  may  prove  for  you 
and  the  interests  you  represent,  a  year  of  fulfillment.  We  are 
all  serving  the  same  cause  and  we  are  surely  among  the  happy 
ones  of  earth  that  we  are  enabled  to  assist,  by  even  a  slight 
impetus,  the  ‘  power  which  makes  for  righteousness.’  .  .  . 

Therefore  I  send  you  today  my  heartfelt  wishes  for  the  con¬ 
tinued  success  of  your  cause  and  the  peace  and  prosperity  of 
your  life.  ” 

Her  friend  of  fifty  years,  John  W.  Hutchinson,  the  last  of 
that  never-equalled  family  of  singers,  sent  his  New  Year’s 


HER  LETTERS BIRTHDAY  PARTY— BIOGRAPHY.  901 

greetings  and  added:  “I  bless  you  and  your  work.  Wonder¬ 
ful  possibilities  will  be  the  result  of  this  great  movement, 
which  you  have  led,  for  equal  rights  and  the  franchise  for 
women.”  The  president  of  the  National  Council  of  Women, 
Mary  Lowe  Dickinson,  an  earnest,  efficient  worker  for  human¬ 
ity,  said  in  the  course  of  a  long  letter  dated  January  9  : 

I  pray  that  all  strength  and  blessing  of  every  kind  may  crown  this  coming 
year  of  your  life ;  and  O,  how  earnestly  I  hope  that  in  it  you  may  see  the 
fruition  of  some  of  the  work  that  you  have  been  struggling  with  these  many, 
many  years.  When  I  run  over  in  my  mind  the  present  situation  of  the  cause 
you  represent  which  seems  to  me  more  and  more  the  one  cause  which  must 
succeed  if  we  are  going  to  have  genuine  success  anywhere  else— I  see  what 
ground  you  have  for  encouragement  and  what  a  vast  advance  has  been  made ; 
but  I  see,  too,  how  slow  it  must  seem  to  you,  and  how  weary  of  waiting  you 
must  become.  I  know  no  courage  like  yours,  and  I  do  that  courage  full  honor. 

She  had  received  a  telegram  of  greeting  from  Frances  E. 
Willard  as  soon  as  she  arrived  home  from  California,  and 
January  5  accepted  her  urgent  invitation  for  a  little  visit  with 
her  at  the  sanitarium  of  Dr.  Cordelia  Green,  Castile;  and 
while  there  addressed  a  parlor  gathering  of  the  patients.  On 
January  15  she  was  guest  of  honor  at  a  luncheon  given  by  the 
Educational  and  Industrial  Union  of  Rochester,  at  the  Genesee 
clubhouse,  to  the  State  executive  committee  of  the  Federation 
of  Clubs.  Mrs.  Charlotte  Perkins  Stetson  spent  a  few  days 
with  her,  and  she  arranged  for  her  to  hold  Sunday  evening 
services  in  the  Unitarian  church.  On  January  20  the  two 
ladies,  with  Miss  Mary,  started  for  the  twenty-ninth  annual 
convention  of  the  national  association,  which  was  to  be  held 
this  year  at  Des  Moines,  la.  The  thermometer  was  15°  below 
zero,  the  snow  very  deep,  and  Miss  Anthony’s  friends  saw  her 
set  forth  on  the  journey  to  this  cold  western  city  with  much 
anxiety.  All  their  protests,  however,  were  not  sufficient  to 
keep  her  at  home ;  but  she  thought  with  much  longing  of  the 
clean,  beautiful  streets  of  Washington,  the  mild  climate,  the 
Congressional  committees,  the  crowds  of  visitors  there  from 
various  parts  of  the  country  who  always  came  to  the  conven¬ 
tion,  and  she  felt  more  strongly  than  ever  that  it  was  a  serious 
mistake  to  take  it  away  from  the  national  capital. 


902 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


She  stopped  at  Chicago  for  a  few  days,  and  a  characteristic 
little  entry  in  her  diary  says:  “  I  slept  on  a  $6,000  bed  last 
night;  my!  how  much  good  suffrage  work  could  have  been 
done  with  that  money.”  On  the  afternoon  of  January  23, 
Miss  Anthony  addressed  a  large  meeting  of  the  Woman’s 
Club  and  in  the  course  of  her  remarks  paid  a  tribute  to  that 
organization,  in  which  she  said :  “  This  is  the  banner  club  of 

the  CJnited  States,  not  because  it  has  such  nice  women  for 
members,  and  not  even  because  it  is  located  in  Chicago,  but 
because  it  is  a  club  which  does  a  large  amount  of  practical 
work.  ” 

Mrs.  Foster  Avery  joined  the  party  at  Chicago  and  they  reached 
Des  Moines  January  24,  where  they  found  the  rest  of  the  execu¬ 
tive  board,  and  all  were  entertained  in  the  suburban  mansion 
of  James  and  Martha  C.  Callanan.  The  meetings  wTere  held 
in  the  Central  Christian  church,  whose  pastor,  Rev.  H.  0. 
Breeden,  extended  a  cordial  greeting.  Notwithstanding  the 
extreme  severity  of  the  weather,  24°  below  zero,  the  audience- 
room  was  crowded  to  its  capacity  at  every  public  session,  and 
overflow  meetings  were  held.  The  convention  was  officially 
welcomed  by  Governor  Francis  M.  Drake  and  Mayor  John  Mc- 
Vicar  ;  Mrs.  Adelaide  Ballard,  State  president,  made  the  open¬ 
ing  address,  and  Mrs.  Macomber  spoke  in  behalf  of  the 
women’s  clubs  of  the  city.  State  Senator  Rowan  was  one  of 
the  speakers.  Among  the  letters  of  greeting  was  one  from 
Miss  Kitty  Reed,  daughter  of  Speaker  Thomas  B.  Reed.  The 
memorial  services  showed  that  never  in  any  previous  year  had 
so  long  a  list  of  friends  to  the  cause  passed  away  as  in  1896. 
There  were  thirty-seven  names  mentioned  in  the  resolutions.1 

In  Miss  Anthony’s  address  she  spoke  of  the  great  victories 
in  1896,  as  shown  by  the  full  enfranchisement  of  the  women 
oi  Utah  and  Idaho.  Mrs.  M.  C.  Woods,  from  the  latter  State, 
presented  an  interesting  account  of  the  late  campaign  and  an 
outline  of  their  work  for  the  future.  Her  mother,  Emmeline 
B.  Wells,  made  the  report  for  Utah.  Delegates  were  present 

Among  them  were  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,  Sarah  B.  Cooper,  Drs.  Hiram  Corson  and  Caro¬ 
line  B.  Winslow,  Judges  E.  G.  Merrick  and  O.  P.  Stearns,  Mary  Grew,  J.  Elizabeth  Jones, 
Hannah  Tracy  Cutler,  Sarah  South  wick. 


HER  LETTERS BIRTHDAY  PARTY— BIOGRAPHY.  903 

from  twenty  States,  and  most  of  them  were  entertained  in  the 
hospitable  homes  of  the  city.  A  reception,  attended  by  500 
guests,  was  tendered  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hubbell,  at  their  ele¬ 
gant  residence  on  Terrace  Hill.  An  imaginative  reporter  on 
this  occasion  transformed  Miss  Anthony’s  historic  garnet  vel¬ 
vet  gown,  worn  for  the  past  fourteen  years,  into  a  “magnifi¬ 
cent  royal  purple  ”  and  her  one  simple  little  pin  into  “  hand¬ 
some  diamonds.’ ’  A  pleasant  reception  also  was  given  by  the 
Woman’s  Club  in  their  commodious  parlors.  The  daily  news¬ 
papers  contained  excellent  reports  of  the  convention,  but  not 
one  gave  editorial  endorsement  of  the  cause  it  represented. 

Those  who  believed  in  holding  the  alternate  national  con¬ 
ventions  away  from  Washington  were  satisfied  with  the  result; 
those  who  thought  differently  continued  to  hold  the  same  opin¬ 
ion,  and  among  the  latter  was  Miss  Anthony,  who  soon  after¬ 
wards  wrote  to  one  of  the  business  committee  : 

The  conventions  at  Atlanta  and  Des  Moines  have  but  confirmed  me  in  my 
judgment  that  our  delegated  body  always  should  meet  in  Washington.  For 
local  propaganda  both  were  undoubtedly  good,  but  for  effect  in  securing  Con¬ 
gressional  action,  absolutely  nil.  I  believe  in  resuming  our  old  plan  of 
holding  at  least  two  conventions  every  year,  one  for  the  election  of  officers 
and  for  its  influence  upon  Congress  in  Washington  every  wunter;  the  other 
in  whatsoever  State  we  have  constitutional  amendments  pending,  where  we 
need  to  do  our  greatest  amount  of  work  in  that  direction.  The  best  way  for 
the  national  association  to  help  create  local  sentiment  is  to  build  up  and 
make  a  success  of  the  different  State  annual  meetings,  and  to  have  at  least 
two  of  its  ablest  and  most  popular  speakers  attend  as  many  of  them  as  possi¬ 
ble  every  year;  and  I  think  by  this  means  we  can  do  a  great  deal  more  to 
make  the  States  feel  that  the  national  is  mother  to  them,  than  by  once  in  a 
lifetime  holding  a  delegate  convention  within  their  borders.  I  am  more  and 
more  convinced  that  some  of  the  national  officers  must  be  present  at  every 
State  annual  meeting,  and  if  well  advertised  there  would  be  as  many  repre¬ 
sentatives  of  the  local  clubs  present  as  go  to  our  national  convention. 

On  the  way  home  from  Des  Moines  Miss  Anthony  spent  a 
few  days  at  Indianapolis.  The  evening  of  February  3,  Mrs. 
Sewall  gave  a  reception  in  her  honor,  to  which  were  invited 
the  governor,  members  of  the  legislature,  State  officials  and 
their  wives,  members  of  the  Woman’s  Council  and  their  hus¬ 
bands.  At  one  end  of  the  large  drawing-room,  on  a  slightly 


904  LIFE  AND  WOKE  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

raised  platform  covered  with  rugs,  sat  Miss  Anthony  and  In¬ 
diana’s  most  revered  woman,  Zerelda  G.  Wallace,  to  whom 
Mrs.  Sewall  presented  the  guests.  Later  in  the  evening  both 
of  these  ladies,  from  their  “ throne,”  as  it  was  laughingly 
called,  gave  pleasant  informal  addresses,  to  which  Senator 
Roots  responded  on  behalf  of  the  legislature.  The  next  day 
Mrs.  Wallace  and  Miss  Anthony’s  old  friend,  Hon.  George  W. 
Julian,  were  entertained  at  luncheon  and  had  a  long  afternoon 
chat.  In  the  evening  a  reception  was  given  for  her  by  Mr. 
John  C.  and  Mrs.  Lillian  Wright  Dean  at  their  pleasant  home 
“The  Pines.” 

The  morning  of  February  5  Miss  Anthony  was  invited  to 
address  a  joint  session  of  the  Indiana  legislature  in  the  As¬ 
sembly  chamber.  The  judges  of  the  supreme  and  appellate 
courts  and  most  of  the  State  officials  were  present,  and  all  the 
visitors’  seats  on  the  floor  and  in  the  galleries  were  filled  with 
Indianapolis  ladies.  Miss  Anthony  was  introduced  with  words 
of  praise  by  Representative  Packard,  and  spoke  for  an  hour, 
making  her  usual  strong  plea  for  a  Sixteenth  Amendment  en¬ 
franchising  women. 

On  February  6,  at  9  a.  m.,  in  the  midst  of  rain  and  sleet, 
she  arrived  in  Rochester  and,  in  less  than  an  hour,  reporters 
from  every  newspaper  in  the  city  were  on  hand  for  an  inter¬ 
view.  They  had  learned  long  since  that  they  always  were  sure 
of  a  cordial  reception  at  her  cozy  home,  and  that  the  returned 
traveller  would  not  fail  to  tell  them  something  which  would 
make  interesting  reading.  Miss  Anthony  was  actuated  by  two 
motives  in  this:  One  was  her  desire  to  get  as  much  suffrage 
news  as  possible  into  the  papers,  for  no  one  could  have  a  higher 
appreciation  of  the  value  of  the  press;  the  other  was  a  strong 
sentiment  of  admiration  and  friendship  for  the  faithful  and 
industrious  men  and  women  who  earn  a  living  at  newspaper 
work. 

Sunday  night,  February  14,  the  birthday  of  Frederick  Doug¬ 
lass  was  observed  in  the  Plymouth  Congregational  Church. 
Miss  Anthony  presided  over  the  large  meeting  and  introduced 
the  speakers. 


THE  ANTHONY  RESIDENCE. 

Since  1865,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


HER  LETTERS - BIRTHDAY  PARTY - BIOGRAPHY.  905 

There  had  been  something  in  the  air  of  Rochester  for  several 
weeks,  something  of  a  social  nature  in  which  most  of  the  peo¬ 
ple  in  the  city  seemed  interested,  and  it  promised  to  culminate 
on  the  approaching  15th  of  February,  when  Miss  Anthony 
should  be  eleven  times  seven  years  old.  This  famous  birth¬ 
day,  which  had  been  beautifully  celebrated  in  New  York, 
Washington  and  numbers  of  other  cities  and  towns  through¬ 
out  the  country,  also  had  been  often  pleasantly  observed  in 
Rochester;  but  it  was  thought  by  many  people  here  that  it 
was  time  Miss  Anthony’s  own  city  should  hold  a  celebration 
which  should  eclipse  all  on  record.  The  first  intimation  she 
had  was  the  receipt  of  this  invitation : 

The  woman’s  clubs  of  this  city  are  planning  to  give  a  reception  in  your 
honor  at  Powers  Hall  on  the  evening  of  your  seventy-seventh  birthday, 
February  15,  1897.  They  have  chosen  this  means  of  publicly  expressing  the 
great  esteem  in  which  they  hold  you,  and  the  pride  they  feel  in  reckoning 
among  their  number  a  woman  of  national  reputation.  They  trust  that  this 
date  will  be  satisfactory,  and  this  manner  of  showing  their  respect  not  dis¬ 
tasteful  to  you.  Very  sincerely,  Olive  Davis, 

Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  Committee  on  Arrangements. 

The  committee  was  composed  of  one  member  of  each  of  the 
sixteen  woman’s  clubs,  and  the  admirable  manner  in  which 
the  affair  was  conducted  certainly  indicated  that  it  was  in  the 
hands  of  representative  women.1  Most  of  the  Rochester  papers 


1  The  idea  of  giving  the  reception  originated  among  the  members  of  the  Wednesday  Club, 
some  of  whom  conceived  the  thought  that  it  was  time  for  the  women  of  Rochester  in  some 
way  to  recognize  Miss  Anthony’s  ability,  energy  and  labors  in  behalf  of  her  sex.  ...  Re¬ 
formers,  as  a  rule,  are  not  popular  in  their  day,  and  Miss  Anthony  ran  the  gauntlet  of  deris¬ 
ion  and  abuse  years  ago,  but  today  the  magnificent  services  she  has  rendered  for  woman  are 
everywhere  recognized. 

The  plans  have  been  perfected  upon  a  very  elaborate  scale.  The  following  are  represented 
in  the  movement:  the  Wednesday  Club,  the  Ethical  Society,  the  Women’s  Educational  and 
Industrial  Union,  the  Wellesley  Association,  the  Cornell  Association,  the  Coterie,  the 
Woman’s  Saturday  Club,  the  Holyoke  Association,  the  Jewish  Council,  the  Sisterhood  of 
Berith  Kodesh,  the  Ignorance  Club,  the  Tuesday  Reading  Club,  the  Livingston  Park  Semin¬ 
ary  Alumnae,  the  Rochester  Female  Academy  Alumnae,  the  Ladies’  Travellers’  Club,  and  Mrs. 
Hall’s  Art  Class. 

The  reception  is  not  to  women  only,  but  it  is  expected  that  a  large  number  of  men  will  be 
present.  [Then  follows  a  list  of  names  of  many  of  the  prominent  ladies  of  Rochester,  who 
acted  as  a  reception  committee,  and  of  equally  well-known  young  men,  who  served  as 
ushers.]— Democrat  and  Chronicle. 


906 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


contained  editorials  of  congratulation.  Among  others  the 
Post-Express  said  of  the  celebration : 

Its  purpose  is  to  indicate  the  esteem  in  which  she  is  held  by  the  people  of 
the  city  of  which  she  has,  for  many  years,  been  a  resident.  It  is  not  intended 
as  a  demonstration  in  behalf  of  the  cause  with  which  she  has  been  especially 
identified.  Its  meaning  is  deeper  and  its  scope  is  broader  than  this.  It  is 
the  woman,  rather  than  the  advocate,  who  is  to  be  honored.  .  .  . 

Rochester  is  proud  of  Susan  B.  Anthony — proud  that  it  can  call  her  its  citi¬ 
zen.  It  has  come  to  appreciate  her  quality.  It  understands,  not  alone  that 
she  has  stood  in  the  front  ranks  of  those  who  have  done  battle  for  the  equality 
of  woman  with  man  at  the  ballot-box,  but  that  she  has  also  done  much  for 
the  emancipation  of  woman  from  civil  thralldom  and  social  inferiority,  and 
that  in  all  good  causes  she  has  been  distinguished— in  philanthropies  as  in 
politics,  in  the  reformation  of  moral  abuses  as  in  the  righting  of  what  seemed 
to  her  civic  wrongs.  As  her  work  has  proceeded,  she  has  conquered  preju¬ 
dice  and  persuaded  respect — respect  for  herself  independent  of  and  even 
superior  to  that  for  the  causes  in  which  she  has  enlisted.  And  so  it  occurs 
that  the  citizens  of  Rochester,  without  regard  to  the  opinions  they  entertain 
upon  woman  suffrage  and  cognate  movements,  but  wholly  in  admiration  and 
affection  for  a  noble  woman,  unite  in  the  reception  which  awaits  her,  cordial 
and  full  of  meaning.  It  will  be  a  notable  occasion,  and  one  long  to  be 
remembered. 

The  daily  papers  gave  long  and  elaborate  reports  of  this 
great  reception,  headed,  “Our  beloved  Susan  ;  Two  thousand 
hands  grasped  by  the  Grand  Old  Woman  ;  ”  “  Rochester  Shows 
its  Love  for  Her,”  etc.,  etc.  A  portion  of  the  Herald  account 
may  be  quoted  as  indicating  the  tone  of  all : 

The  reception  accorded  to  Susan  B.  Anthony  at  Powers  Hall  by  the  woman’s 
clubs  of  Rochester  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant  events  of  the  kind  ever  held 
in  this  city.  All  the  prominent  people  of  both  sexes  were  there,  and  each 
vied  with  the  others  in  doing  honor  to  the  woman  whose  splendid  attributes 
of  mind  and  heart  have  reflected  so  much  credit  on  the  city.  But  little  pre¬ 
liminary  work  was  needed,  as  it  partook  largely  of  the  nature  of  a  spontaneous 
tribute.  Fully  2,000  people,  representing  the  beauty,  wealth  and  intelligence 
of  the  city,  passed  before  this  unostentatious,  kindly  woman  during  the 
evening  and  esteemed  it  an  honor  to  press  her  hand. 

The  guests  began  to  arrive  at  8 : 30  o’clock  and  continued  to  come  in  a  steady 
stream  for  two  hours  thereafter.  Miss  Anthony  stood  at  the  western  end  of 
the  large  room  and  around  her  were  gathered  the  reception  committee,  com¬ 
posed  of  representatives  from  each  of  the  woman’s  clubs  in  the  city.  The 
guests  formed  in  line  as  they  entered  and  each  in  succession  took  the  hand 
of  Miss  Anthony.  She  greeted  every  one  cordially  and  had  a  pleasant  word 
for  each.  In  one  hand  she  held  a  beautiful  bouquet  of  white  and  yellow  roses 
sent  by  Miss  Frances  E.  Willard. 


HER  LETTERS - BIRTHDAY  PARTY - BIOGRAPHY.  907 

There  were  more  than  Rochester’s  most  distinguished  citi¬ 
zens  ,  hundreds  of  the  poor  and  the  humble,  a  number  of 
colored  people,  men  and  women  in  all  the  walks  of  life, 
*  thronged  the  great  hall  surrounded  with  famous  paintings  and 
radiant  with  electric  lights,  flowers  and  beautiful  costumes. 
They  came  to  grasp  the  hand  of  one  who  had  made  no  distinc¬ 
tion  of  race  or  rank  or  belief  in  her  fifty  years’  work  of  uplift¬ 
ing  all  humanity.  If  tnese  had  not  been  present,  Miss 
Anthony  would  have  felt  that  her  own  city  had  not  offered  its 
full  tribute  of  recognition. 

At  the  Anthony  home  the  day  was  a  happy  one.  Rev.  Anna 
Shaw  came  to  help  celebrate.  The  house  was  filled  with  guests 
ironi  out  of  town  and  many  callers,  and  the  bell  was  ringing 
ail  day  for  telegrams,  letters  and  packages.  There  were  pot¬ 
ted  plants  and  cut  flowers,  baskets  of  violets  and  hyacinths, 
and  great  bunches  of  roses  and  carnations.  Letters  and  tele- 
grams  came  fiom  California  and  Massachusetts,  and  a  number 
of  States  between.  Clubs  of  many  descriptions  sent  messages, 
and  even  Sunday-schools  offered  greetings.  Mariana  W.  Chap¬ 
man,  president  New  York  State  Suffrage  Association,  expressed 
the  congratulations  of  that  body,  and  from  all  the  National- 
American  officers  came  words  of  appreciation.  Among  these 

were  the  following  from  the  national  organizer,  Carrie  Chap¬ 
man  Catt : 


\\  hen  a  woman  lives  to  be  seventy-seven  years  old,  having  given  a  whole 
half-century  and  more  to  the  cause  of  human  liberty,  her  age  becomes  a 
crown  of  glory,  before  which  every  lover  of  progress  bows  in  acknowledg¬ 
ment.  Such  a  woman  is  she  whom  we  know  as  “  Saint  Susan.”  Upon  her 
birthday  I  have  but  one  wish,  and  in  this  millions  of  grateful  American 
women  join  with  me;  may  she  live  in  health  and  strength  undiminished, 
until  she  witnesses  the  last  woman  in  the  United  States  blessed  with  all  the 
political  privileges  of  citizenship.  If  this  wish  might  be  fulfilled,  I  know  it 
would  bring  the  highest  joy  ever  permitted  a  human  being;  therefore  because 
I  love  her  tenderly  I  make  it,  with  gratitude  for  her  years  of  service  and  with 
a  reverence  unspeakable  for  the  woman  whose  courage,  determination  and 
adherence  to  principle  made  the  service  possible. 

A  few  evenings  later  Miss  Anthony  attended  a  meeting  held 
in  Rochester  by  the  Cuban  League.  As  soon  as  she  entered 


908 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


she  was  invited  to  a  seat  on  the  stage  and  then  the  audience 
insisted  on  a  speech.  Finally  she  came  forward  and  said  : 

From  the  report  of  the  first  outrage  in  Cuba  down  to  the  present  time,  there 
has  not  been  a  moment  but  that  its  people  have  had  my  sympathy.  Never  , 
since  I  began  to  know  the  meaning  of  the  word  “freedom”  has  anything 
taken  a  stronger  hold  on  me  than  this  struggle  in  Cuba.  Even  where  all  men 
are  free,  women  are  not,  and  I  trust  that  when  Cuban  men  achieve  their  in¬ 
dependence  and  frame  their  constitution,  they  will  not  forget  the  women 
who  have  borne  the  struggle  with  them,  as  our  Revolutionary  fathers  forgot 
the  women  who  toiled  by  their  side.  The  men  of  only  four  out  of  forty- 
five  States  of  our  republic  have  yet  granted  liberty  to  the  women.  I  never 
can  speak  in  a  meeting  like  this  without  bearing  testimony  to  the  cowardice 
of  the  men  of  this  nation  in  refusing  to  make  the  women  free.  I  believe  in 
liberty  and  equality  for  every  human  being  under  every  flag,  not  for  men 
alone  but  for  women  also. 

t 

The  last  of  February  a  telegram  announced  the  death  of 
Maude,  wife  of  Senator  L.  H.  Humphrey,  who  but  a  few  weeks 
before  had  visited  the  Anthony  home,  and  stated  that  the  husband 
desired  Miss  Anthony  to  speak  at  the  funeral.  She  was  a 
young  and  lovely  wife  and  mother,  treasurer  of  the  State  Fed¬ 
eration  of  Clubs  and  an  officer  of  the  State  and  county  suf¬ 
frage  associations.  It  was  said  that  Miss  Anthony  spoke  as  one 
inspired  of  the  woman  in  whose  death  everything  good  had 
lost  a  helpful  hand,  who  had  gone  out  of  life  with  no  fear  for 
herself  but  only  loving  thoughtfulness  for  others.  She  told  of 
her  courage  in  following  the  truth  wherever  it  might  lead,  of 
the  freedom  into  which  she  had  grown,  and  the  beautiful  faith 
and  trust  in  which  she  had  lived  ;  she  said  that  it  was  such  who 
walked  with  God,  and  that  her  spiritual  life  could  be  compre¬ 
hended  only  by  those  who  lived  on  the  same  high  plane.  It 
was  a  deep  regret  to  all  who  heard  this  exquisite  eulogy  that  it 
was  not  preserved  word  for  word. 

Reference  has  been  made  in  a  preceding  chapter  to  Miss 
Anthony’s  preparations  for  the  writing  of  her  biography, 
which  were  interrupted  by  the  urgent  call  from  California. 
All  her  letters  from  friends  and  many  from  strangers,  for  sev¬ 
eral  years,  had  urged  that  it  should  not  longer  be  deferred. 
But  who  should  do  it?  That  was  the  important  question. 
There  were  a  number  of  women  who  possessed  the  ability  and 


HER  LETTERS - BIRTHDAY  PARTY - BIOGRAPHY.  909 

the  desire,  but  some  were  absorbed  in  family  cares  and  others 
in  bread  winning  occupations;  where  was  the  one  who  could 
and  would  give  a  year  or  more  of  her  life  to  this  vast  under¬ 
taking?  The  question  was  still  unanswered  when  Miss  An¬ 
thony  laid  everything  else  aside  and  plunged  into  the  California 
campaign.  Long  before  this  had  ended,  she  had  exacted  a 
promise  from  Mrs.  Harper,  who  had  charge  of  the  State  press 
during  that  long  and  trying  period,  to  come  to  Rochester  and 
write  the  biography.  She  herself  agreed  to  remain  at  home 
till  the  work  should  be  finished,  and  give  every  possible  assist¬ 
ance  from  the  storehouse  of  reminiscence  and  the  wealth  of 

material  which  had  been  so  carefully  garnered  during  all  the 
years. 

So  the  first  of  March,  1897,  the  work  began.  A  little  while 
before,  Miss  Anthony  had  written  to  a  friend:  “Some  one 
soon  will  write  the  story  of  my  life  and  will  want  everything 
she  can  get  about  me,  but  she  will  find  there  is  precious  little 
when  she  sits  down  to  the  task.”  What  the  biographer  did 
find  was  two  large  rooms  filled,  from  floor  to  ceiling,  with 
material  of  a  personal  and  historical  nature.  It  seemed  at 
first  as  if  nothing  less  than  a  cyclopedia  could  contain  what 
would  have  to  be  used.  Ranged  around  the  walls  were  trunks, 
boxes  and  bags  of  letters  and  other  documents,  dating  back 
for  a  century  and  tied  in  bundles  just  as  they  had  been  put 
away  from  year  to  year.  There  were  piles  of  legal  papers, 
accounts,  receipts  and  memoranda  of  every  description,  and 
the  diaries  and  note-books  of  sixty  years.  The  shelves  were 
filled  with  congressional,  convention  and  other  reports;  there 
were  stacks  of  magazines  and  newspapers,  large  numbers  of 
scrap-books  and  bushels  of  scraps  waiting  to  be  pasted.  There 
was,  in  fact,  everything  of  this  nature  which  can  be  imagined, 
all  carefully  saved  and  put  away,  waiting  for  the  leisure  when 
they  could  be  sorted  and  classified. 

It  was  fortunate  indeed  that  the  two  women,  who  went  to 
work  so  cheerfully  on  that  March  morning,  did  not  realize  the 
task  which  was  before  them,  or  their  courage  might  have 
wavered.  With  the  assistance  of  their  efficient  secretary,  Miss 


910 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Genevieve  Lei  Hawley,  the  work  went  steadily  on  from  daylight 
till  dark  for  many  days,  until  at  length  the  sheep  all  were 
separated  from  the  goats;  the  matter  likely  to  be  used  placed 
in  one  room,  and  the  remainder  arranged  conveniently  for 
reference  in  the  other.  Every  scrap  of  writing  was  pressed 
out  and  each  year’s  quota  not  only  placed  in  a  separate  box, 
but  arranged  according  to  months  and  days.  The  printed 
matter  was  carefully  classified  and  the  scrap-books  all  finished, 
a  complete  set  of  nearly  fifty  years. 

Then  commenced  the  far  more  difficult  labor  of  culling  the 
most  important  and  interesting  points  from  this  great  mass  of 
material,  and  condensing  them  into  such  space  as  would  per¬ 
mit  the  reading  of  the  biography  during  at  least  an  average 
lifetime.  And  thus  was  the  task  continued,  day  after  day, 
and  far  into  the  night,  for  much  more  than  a  year.  The  snows 
of  winter  melted  away  ;  the  bare  branches  of  the  tall  chestnut 
trees  which  towered  above  the  windows  put  forth  their  buds 
and  burst  into  a  wilderness  of  snowy  blossoms  ;  the  birds  built 
their  nests  among  the  green  leaves,  reared  their  young  and 
flew  away  with  them  to  warmer  climes  before  the  chill  winds 
of  approaching  autumn  ;  the  luxuriant  foliage  faded  and 
dropped  to  the  earth  ;  again  the  naked  branches  stretched  out 
to  a  stormy  sky,  and  the  snow  lay  deep  on  the  frozen  ground  ; 
while  the  story  followed  the  life  and  work  of  this  great  historic 
character  through  the  slow  unfolding  out  of  the  depths  of  the 
past;  the  development  from  the  springtime  of  youth  into  the 
fruitful  summer  of  maturity  ;  the  mellowing  into  the  richness 
and  beauty  of  autumn  ;  the  coming  at  last  into  the  snowy 
spotlessness  of  serene  and  beautiful  old  age. 

The  attic  workrooms  were  an  ideal  place  for  this  long  and 
exacting  task,  secluded  from  all  interruption  and  dedicated 
so  entirely  to  the  work  that  not  a  book  or  paper  ever  was 
disturbed.  A  pretty  description  written  by  Mrs.  Minette 
Cheshire  Hair,  of  the  Rochester  Democrat  and  Chronicle 
staff,  and  published  in  a  number  of  papers,  thus  began  : 

Way  up  on  the  third  floor  of  the  cozy  home  at  17  Madison  street,  away 
from  the  dust  and  noise  of  the  pavement,  in  a  charming  den  admirably 


ATTIC  WORK-ROOMS  WHERE  THE  BIOGRAPHY  WAS  WRITTEN. 


HER  LETTERS - BIRTHDAY  PARTY - BIOGRAPHY.  911 

arranged  for  the  purpose,  two  women  have  for  months  been  busily  engaged 
getting  together  material  and  putting  it  in  shape  for  the  publishers,  which 
will  give  to  the  world  a  story  the  story  of  a  career  as  remarkable  as  any  ever 
written.  Pausing  on  the  threshold,  a  description  of  the  sanctum  is  not  out  of 
place,  for  the  pleasant  atmosphere  and  surroundings  at  once  impress  the  vis¬ 
itor,  so  unconsciously  have  the  occupants  stamped  it  with  their  own  strong 
individuality.  It  consists  of  two  large  and  airy  rooms  which  appear  to  be 
literally  perched  in  the  tree-tops,  so  close  are  the  swaying  branches,  which 
seem  to  nod  approval  and  encouragement  to  the  two  busy  workers  seated  be¬ 
fore  a  large  bow  window.  Patches  of  the  blue  sky  glimmer  above  and 
through  them,  and  the  scene  without  is  restful  and  inspiring.  Within  is 
a  large,  low  table  where  the  writing  is  done,  and  an  easy  couch  piled  with 
pillows  invites  repose  when  the  brain  grows  too  weary. 

The  rooms  are  plain  and  ceiled  above  in  natural  wood,  and  on  shelves 
arranged  along  the  sides  are  boxes  containing  years  of  correspondence  and 
documents,  dating  back  to  1797 — just  one  century.  In  the  room  beyond, 
three  stenographers  do  their  part  of  the  work,  and  here  also  are  large  chests 
hlled  with  the  accumulations  of  years  of  public  life.  It  would  seem  as  if  the 
task  before  these  two  dauntless  women  were  almost  endless,  for  every  letter 
must  be  read  and  carefully  noted,  every  newspaper  clipping  gleaned— and 
these  alone  would  make  volumes— old  diaries  perused,  and  the  whole  digested 
and  woven  into  the  fabric  of  facts  which  not  only  go  to  make  the  story  of  one 

woman,  but  the  history  of  the  great  progressive  movement  of  women  during 
the  past  fifty  years. 


CHAPTER  XLIX. 


CHARACTERISTIC  VIEWS  ON  MANY  QUESTIONS. 

1897. 

ISS  ANTHONY  was  strong  in  her  determination 
to  remain  at  home  and  devote  herself  to  the  bio¬ 
graphical  task,  but  found  it  almost  an  impossi¬ 
bility  to  resist  the  calls  for  her  services  which 
came  from  all  directions.  Occasionally  she  would 
slip  out  for  a  lectuie,  but  long  journeys  and  convention  work 
for  the  most  part  were  given  up,  and  never  during  fifty  years 
had  she  remained  at  home  a  fraction  of  the  time  that  she 
spent  here  in  1897.  Monday  evening  of  each  week  was  set 
apart  to  receive  callers  and  the  pleasant  parlors  often  were 
crowded,  many  of  the  Rochester  people  declaring  that  this  was 
their  first  chance  of  getting  acquainted  with  their  illustrious 
townswoman.  There  were  two  roles,  however,  which  she 
never  could  fill  with  any  pleasure  to  herself,  that  of  the  society 
or  the  literary  woman.  While  no  one  loves  her  friends  more 
faithfully  or  better  enjoys  receiving  visits  from  them,  she  cares 
for  social  life,  in  general,  only  so  far  as  it  can  advance  her 
cause.  Although  letter-writing  is  a  pleasure,  she  hates  the  use 
of  the  pen  for  so-called  literary  work.  Standing  on  the  plat¬ 
form,  words  and  ideas  rush  upon  her  more  rapidly  than  she 
can  give  them  utterance,  but  with  pen  in  hand  the  thoughts 
still  come  but  refuse  to  be  formulated. 

In  the  chapters  describing  the  preparation  of  the  History  of 
Woman  Suffrage  was  set  forth  in  detail  her  restiveness  at  such 
confinement.  I  love  to  make  history  but  hate  to  write  it 

(913) 


Ant. — 58 


914 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


was  her  oft-repeated  assertion.  The  years  had  brought  no 
change  of  feeling  and  her  correspondence  shows  how  she  chafed 
under  the  search  of  old  records,  the  reading  of  faded  letters. 
Many  times  she  wrote:  “There  is  so  much  to  be  done,  so 
much  more  money  is  needed  and  so  many  more  women  are 
wanted  for  the  present  work,  that  half  the  time  I  feel  con¬ 
science-smitten  to  be  dwelling  among  the  scenes  and  people  of 
the  past.  There  are  so  very  few  of  my  early  co-workers  now  on 
this  side  of  the  big  river,  that  I  am  really  living  with  the  dead 
most  of  the  time  ;  but  as  there  is  no  way  out  of  this  job  except 
through  it — through  it  I  must  go.”  In  the  journal  she  says: 
“  0,  how  it  tires  me  to  think  over  and  talk  over  those  old  days, 
not  only  of  my  own  labors,  but  of  the  never-ceasing  efforts  to 
stir  up  others  to  work.” 

The  9th  of  March  Miss  Anthony  lectured  before  the  Men’s 
Club  of  the  Central  Church  at  Auburn.  On  the  12th  she  spoke 
at  a  meeting  addressed  by  Booker  Washington  in  the  interest  of 
the  Tuskeegee  Colored  Institute.  The  24th  she  went  to  Albany 
with  Dr.  Mary  Putnam  Jacobi,  Mrs.  Catt,  Elizabeth  Burrill 
Curtis,  daughter  of  George  William  Curtis,  Mrs.  Chapman, 
State  president;  and  all  addressed  the  senate  judiciary  com¬ 
mittee  in  behalf  of  a  woman  suffrage  amendment.  Miss  An¬ 
thony  went  to  this  hearing  much  against  her  will  and,  at  its 
conclusion,  declared  she  never  again  would  stoop  to  plead  her 
cause  before  one  of  these  committees.  She  had  made  her 
appeals  to  their  fathers  and  grandfathers,  and  she  was  tired  of 
begging  for  her  liberty  from  men  not  half  her  own  age  and 
with  not  a  hundredth  part  of  her  knowledge  of  State  and 
national  affairs. 

The  seventieth  birthday  of  the  devoted  sister  Mary  would 
occur  on  April  2,  and  Miss  Anthony  decided  to  have  a  home 
reception  in  her  honor.  When  she  broached  the  subject  to  a 
few  intimate  friends  in  the  Unitarian  church  and  the  Political 
Equality  Club,  she  found  they  already  had  such  arrangements 
well  under  way  and  they  insisted  that  she  should  leave  the 
matter  entirely  in  their  hands.  Anything  which  concerned 
the  Anthony  sisters  interested  Rochester,  and  the  city  papers 


CHARACTERISTIC  VIEWS  ON  MANY  QUESTIONS. 


915 


contained  extended  notices.  The  Herald  began  a  long  inter- 
view  as  follows : 

Seventy!  It  did  not  seem  possible  that  the  sprightly,  energetic  little 
woman  who  answered  the  reporter’s  ring  could  have  reached  the  allotted 
threescore  and  ten.  Old  Father  Time  is  certainly  no  more  than  a  myth  to 
Miss  Mary  Anthony.  “Yes,”  said  she,  laughing,  “lam  about  to  make  my 
debut.  Just  think  of  it,  a  real  reception  in  my  honor  !  By  the  time  I’m 

eighty,  my  existence  will  probably  have  become  one  whirl  of  delicious  excite¬ 
ment.” 

The  reporter  asked  to  see  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony;  five  minutes  would  be 
sufficient ;  the  matter  was  urgent  and  important.  .  .  .  Turning  to  her  the 
reportei  said.  The  Herald  would  like  you  to  give  an  account  of  your  sister. 
T  ou  know  she  would  never  admit  that  she  ever  did  anything  worth  mention- 
ing,  so  it  is  from  you  that  the  true  story  must  come.” 

She  laughed  as  she  took  off  her  glasses,  leaned  back  in  her  chair  and  asked 
“Where  shall  I  begin  ?” 

“At  the  beginning,  please.” 

“Well  then,  my  sister  was  born  in  Battenville,  the  youngest  of  four 
daughters.  One  thing  may  surprise  you.  She,  not  I,  is  the  suffrage  pioneer 
in  our  family.  She  attended  the  first  woman’s  rights  convention,  and  when 
I  came  home  from  teaching  school,  I  heard  nothing  but  suffrage  talk,  and 
how  lovely  Lucretia  Mott  was,  and  how  sweet  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  was. 

I  didn’t  believe  in  it  then,  and  made  fun  of  it;  but  sister  Mary  was  a  firm 
advocate.  My  brother-in-law  used  to  tell  me  that  I  could  preach  woman’s 
rights,  but  it  took  Mary  to  practice  them. 

“For  twenty-six  consecutive  years,  from  1857  to  1883,  she  taught  in  our 
public  schools.  Many  of  the  best  citizens  of  Rochester  once  went  to  school  to 
her ;  and  it  is  perhaps  her  influence  upon  those  minds  and  lives  that  my  sister 
considers  the  most  important  part  of  her  life-work.  She  has  always  been  identi¬ 
fied  with  the  suffrage  cause  in  this  city  and  State,  as  I  have  with  the  national. 
For  a  number  of  years  she  was  corresponding  secretary  of  the  State  society, 
and  for  five  years  has  been  president  of  the  city  Political  Equality  Club. 

“  I  can  not  tell  you  how  she  has  helped  and  sustained  me.  She  has  kept  a 
home  where  I  might  come  to  rest.  From  the  very  beginning,  she  has  cheered 
and  comforted  me.  She  has  looked  after  the  great  mass  of  details,  my  ward¬ 
robe,  my  business,  etc.,  leaving  me  free.  She  is  the  unseen  worker  who 
ought  to  share  equally  in  whatever  of  reward  and  praise  I  may  have  won.” 


The  Democrat  and  Chronicle  thus  commenced  a  two-column 
account  of  the  reception  : 


...  The  occasion  was  the  seventieth  anniversary  of  Miss  Mary  Anthony’s 
birth  and,  in  the  afternoon  and  evening,  crowds  of  her  friends  gathered  to  offer 
their  congratulations  and  do  homage  to  one  who  has  done  so  much  for  the 
educational  interests  of  the  city  and  social  and  political  equality  for  her  sex. 
Miss  Mary,  to  be  sure,  has  not  gained  the  national  reputation  which  her 


916 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


famous  sister  enjoys,  yet  among  the  people  of  Rochester  she  is  regarded  as  a 
sharer  in  the  laurels  won  by  Susan  B.  Whenever  one  is  mentioned  the  per¬ 
sonality  of  the  other  is  immediately  brought  to  mind.  ...  It  was  with 
rare  hospitality,  interwoven  with  personal  love  and  respect,  that  Dr.  and 
Mrs.  J.  E.  Sanford  devoted  their  handsome  home  to  the  celebration  of  this 
birthday.  Attired  in  black  satin  and  duchesse  lace,  with  a  pretty  bouquet  of 
bride  roses  in  her  hand,  Miss  Mary  presented  a  womanly  and  attractive 
appearance. 

Ill  the  name  of  the  club,  Mrs.  Sanford  presented,  with  a 
felicitous  little  speech,  a  handsome,  jetted  broadcloth  cape. 
She  was  followed  by  Mrs.  Greenleaf,  who  tendered  in  affec¬ 
tionate  words  a  purse  containing  $70,  a  golden  tribute  for  each 
year  from  many  friends.1  John  M.  Thayer  then  made  a  witty 
and  interesting  address.  He  was  followed  by  Rev.  W.  C. 
Gannett,  who  dwelt  especially  on  the  work  done  by  Miss  Mary 
in  looking  after  the  poor  and  needy  for  the  past  twenty  years, 
not  only  as  an  officer  of  the  city  charitable  association  but  in 
a  private  capacity,  and  closed  by  saying : 

It  takes  two  sorts  of  people  to  make  a  reform :  One  who  become  public 
speakers  and  bear  the  brunt  of  obloquy,  and  the  other  who  in  obscurity  lend 
their  assistance  to  the  work.  There  are  hundreds  of  this  latter  class  that  the 
world  never  hears  about.  It  is  the  blessed  silent  side  of  life,  and  it  seems 
to  me  that  Mary  is  the  very  incarnation  of  the  quiet  majority  of  this  great 
reform  which  is  yet  to  celebrate  its  triumphs.  In  after  years,  when  the  story 
is  written  of  this  political  equality  movement,  men  will  say  that  the  battle 
was  won  by  the  two  sisters,  because  there  never  could  have  been  a  Susan 
abroad  if  it  had  not  been  for  a  Mary  at  home. 

If  there  ever  was  a  time  when  Miss  Anthony  was  speechless 
from  supreme  satisfaction  it  was  on  this  occasion.  All  the 
honors  ever  bestowed  upon  herself  had  not  afforded  her  the  joy 
of  this  testimonial  to  her  gentle,  unassuming  but  strong  and 
helpful  sister,  on  whom  she  leaned  far  more  than  the  world 
could  ever  know. 

Miss  Anthony  assisted  at  the  elegant  golden  -wedding  cele¬ 
bration  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  Sargent,  April  29  ;  not  one  in 
the  receiving  line  under  seventy,  and  yet  not  one  broken  or  en- 

1  Among  other  birthday  remembrances  were  a  diamond  pin  from  Miss  Shaw,  Mrs.  Avery, 
Mrs.  Louise  Mosher  J ames  and  Lucy  E.  Anthony ;  $50  from  Mrs.  Grocs ;  many  smaller  gifts 
and  quantities  of  flowers. 


MARY  S.  AND  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY,  1897 


917 


CHARACTERISTIC  VIEWS  ON  MANY  QUESTIONS. 


feebled  by  age.  The  men  erect  and  vigorous,  the  women 
beautifully  dressed  and  full  of  animation,  formed  a  striking  il¬ 
lustration  of  the  changed  physical  and  social  conditions  of  the 
last  half-century. 

Early  m  June  Miss  Anthony,  Rev.  Anna  Shaw,  Miss  Emily 
Howland  and  Mrs.  Harper  went  to  Auburn  to  visit  Eliza  Wright 
Osborne,  with  whom  Mrs.  Stanton  and  her  daughter,  Mrs. 
Lawrence,  were  spending  the  summer.  The  days  were  de¬ 
lightfully  passed,  driving  through  the  shaded  streets  of  that 
“  loveliest  village  of  the  plain  ”  and  walking  about  the  spacious 
paik  and  gardens  surrounding  the  Osborne  mansion  ;  while  in 
the  evenings  the  party  gathered  in  the  large  drawing-room  and 
listened  to  chapters  from  the  forthcoming  biography,  followed 
with  delightful  reminiscences  by  the  two  elder  ladies  and  Mrs. 
Osborne,  whose  mother,  Martha  C.  Wright,  was  one  of  their 
first  and  best-beloved  friends  and  helpers.  It  was  a  rare  and 
sacred  occasion,  and  those  who  were  present  ever  will  cherish 
the  memory  of  those  two  grand  pioneers,  sitting  side  by  side— 
Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  Susan  B.  Anthony— the  one  just 
beyond,  the  other  nearing  the  eightieth  milestone  of  life,  both 
having  given  to  the  world  fifty  years  of  unremitting  service, 
and  yet  both  as  strong  in  mind,  as  keen  in  satire,  as  brimming 
with  cheerfulness,  as  in  those  early  days  when  they  set  about 
to  revolutionize  the  prejudices  and  customs  of  the  ages.1 

The  coirespondence  this  year  seemed  heavier  than  ever  be¬ 
fore,  letters  pouring  in  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and 
Europe.  Even  from  far-off  Moscow,  in  conservative  Russia, 
came  the  cry  of  women  for  help.  Pages  written  by  the  pen  of 
another  could  not  give  so  accurate  an  idea  of  Miss  Anthony’s 
opinions  on  various  topics  as  single  paragraphs  culled  from 
copies  of  her  own  letters,  preserved,  alas,  only  during  the  past 
few  years  since  she  has  employed  a  stenographer.  One 
scarcely  knows  which  to  select.  To  a  newspaper  inquiry  she 
answered:  “The  ‘  greatest  compliment  ’  ever  paid  me  was, 
that  by  my  life-work  I  had  helped  to  make  the  conditions  of 


n  V^thismonthafmemedzihonof  Miss  Anthony  was  made  for  the  Political  Equality 
Club  of  Rochester  and  put  on  sale  to  obtain  money  for  the  suffrage  fund.  Some  time  before  a 
handsome  souvenir  spoon  was  designed  by  Mrs.  Millie  Burtis  Logan,  of  Rochester. 


918 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


the  world  better  for  women.”  She  wrote  to  an  exasperated 
Ohio  woman  : 

The  plan  yon  propose,  of  our  getting  all  the  members  of  suffrage  clubs, 
and  all  individual  women  outside,  in  each  State,  to  march  to  the  polls  every 
election  day  and  attempt  to  deposit  their  ballots,  sounds  very  well.  But,  my 
dear,  it  is  impossible  thus  to  persuade  the  women,  after  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States  has  declared  they  have  no  right  to  vote  under  the 
National  Constitution.  Your  suggestion  means  a  revolution  which  women 
will  not  create  against  their  own  fathers,  husbands,  brothers  and  sons.  A 
whole  race  of  men  under  a  foreign  or  tyrannical  government,  like  the  Cubans, 
may  rise  in  rebellion,  but  for  women  thus  to  band  themselves  against  the 
power  enthroned  in  their  own  households  is  quite  another  matter.  Hundreds 
have  recommended  your  plan,  so  it  is  nothing  new,  but  it  is  utterly  impracti¬ 
cal.  There  can  be  but  one  possible  way  for  women  to  be  freed  from  the 
degradation  of  disfranchisement,  and  that  is  through  the  slow  processes  of 
agitation  and  education,  until  the  vast  majority  of  women  themselves  desire 
freedom.  So  long  as  mothers  teach  their  sons  and  daughters,  by  acquiescence 
at  least,  that  present  conditions  need  no  improving,  you  can  not  expect  men 
to  change  them.  Therefore  do  not  waste  a  single  moment  trying  to  devise 
any  sort  of  insurrectionary  movement  on  the  part  of  the  women. 

In  a  letter  to  Mrs.  Stanton  she  said  : 

Mrs.  Besant  lunched  with  us,  and  I  heard  her  last  evening  for  the  second 
time.  She  is  master  of  the  English  language,  and  whether  or  not  one  can  be¬ 
lieve  she  sees  and  hears  from  the  world  of  the  disembodied  what  she  feels  she 
does,  one  can  not  but  realize  that  she  is  a  great  woman  and  has  a  wonderful  the¬ 
ory  of  how  human  souls  return  to  earth.  But  I  tell  her  that  it  seems  to  me  re¬ 
pellent  that  we  have  to  come  back  here  through  Dame  Nature’s  processes,  after 
a  period  of  such  great  freedom  in  the  occult  world,  and  again  go  through  with 
teething,  mumps,  measles,  and  similar  inflictions.  The  truth  is,  I  can  no  more 
see  through  Theosophy  than  I  can  through  Christian  Science,  Spiritualism,  Cal¬ 
vinism  or  any  other  of  the  theories,  so  I  shall  have  to  go  on  knocking  away 
to  remove  the  obstructions  in  the  road  of  us  mortals  while  in  these  bodies 
and  on  this  planet ;  and  leave  Madam  Besant  and  you  and  all  who  have  en¬ 
tered  into  the  higher  spheres,  to  revel  in  things  unknown  to  me.  ...  I 
will  join  you  at  Mrs.  Miller’s  Saturday,  and  we’ll  chat  over  men,  women  and 
conditions — not  theories,  theosophies  and  theologies,  they  are  all  Greek  to 
me. 

There  had  been  a  question  after  the  late  election  in  Idaho 
whether  the  suffrage  amendment  required  a  majority  of  all  the 
votes  cast,  or  only  a  majority  of  those  cast  on  the  amendment. 
If  the  former,  then  it  was  defeated.  The  case  was  carried  to 
the  supreme  court,  which  put  the  latter  construction  on  the 


CHARACTERISTIC  VIEWS  ON  MANY  QUESTIONS.  919 

law.  Miss  Anthony  wrote  to  the  judges,  Isaac  N.  Sullivan, 

Joseph  W.  Huston,  Ralph  P.  Quarles,  (John  T.  Morgan  re- 
tired ) : 

On  behalf  of  the  suffrage  women  of  the  United  States,  I  thank  you  for  the 
decision  which  you  have  rendered.  I  had  studied  over  the  clause  a  great 
deal  and  felt  that  if  your  judgments  were  biased  by  the  precedents  and  preju¬ 
dices  which  had  controlled  the  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Courts  of  the  United 
States,  and  of  the  different  States,  upon  the  extension  of  rights  to  women, 
you  certainly  would  give  the  narrow  interpretation.  Instead  of  that,  for  the 
first  time  in  the  history  of  our  judiciary,  the  broadest  and  most  liberal  inter¬ 
pretation  possible  has  been  given. 

The  Kentucky  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution,  who 
were  marking  historic  spots,  she  advised  as  follows: 

I  hope  in  your  selections  you  will  be  exceedingly  careful  to  distinguish  those 
actions  in  which  our  Revolutionary  mothers  took  part.  Men  have  been  faith¬ 
ful  in  noting  every  heroic  act  of  their  half  of  the  race,  and  now  it  should  be 
the  duty,  as  well  as  the  pleasure,  of  women  to  make  for  future  generations  a 
record  of  the  heroic  deeds  of  the  other  half.  It  is  a  splendid  thing  for  your 
association  to  devote  the  Fourth  of  July  to  a  commemoration  of  women.  If 
I  had  the  time,  I  too  might  be  one  of  the  “  Daughters,”1  for  my  Grandfather 
Read  enlisted  and  fought  on  the  heights  of  Quebec  and  at  the  battles  of 
Bennington  and  Ticoncleroga;  but  I  have  been,  and  must  continue  to  be,  so 
busy  working  to  secure  to  the  women  of  this  day  the  paramount  right  'for 
which  the  Revolutionary  War  was  waged,  that  I  can  give  neither  time  nor 
money  to  associations  of  women  for  any  other  purpose,  however  good  it 
may  be. 

When  the  answer  came  that  they  were  doing  the  very  thing 
that  she  wished,  she  replied: 

I  am  delighted;  for  however  heroic  our  pioneer  fathers  may  have  been,  our 
pioneer  mothers,  in  the  very  nature  of  things,  must  have  braved  all  the  hard¬ 
ships  of  the  men  by  their  side  with  the  added  one  of  bearing  and  rearing 
children  when  deprived  of  even  the  vital  necessities  of  maternity.  Self- 
government  is  as  necessary  for  the  best  development  of  women  as  of  men. 
Sentiment  never  was  and  never  can  be  a  guarantee  for  justice,  but  with  equal 
political  power  women  will  be  able  to  secure  justice  for  themselves.  We  have 
had  chivalry  and  sentiment  from  the  beginning  of  time,  with  some  privileges 
granted  as  a  favor.  We  now  demand  rights,  guaranteed  to  us  by  codes  and 
constitutions ;  and  if  their  possession  shall  forfeit  us  gallantry,  we  will  make 
the  best  of  it.  But  I  do  not  believe  woman’s  utter  dependence  on  man  wins 


1  Later  Miss  Anthony  was  made  honorary  member  of  Irondequoit  Chapter,  D.  A.  R 
(Rochester). 


920 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


for  her  his  respect;  it  may  cause  him  to  love  and  pet  her  as  a  child,  but  never 
to  regard  and  treat  her  as  a  peer. 

To  Prof.  C.  Howard  Young,  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  for  thirteen 
years  an  invalid  and  yet  an  ardent  advocate  of  woman  suffrage, 
she  wrote:  “I  want  you  to  feel  that  the  dollar  you  have  sent 
from  year  to  year  all  this  time  for  your  membership  in  the 
national  association  has  helped  bring  to  us  Idaho,  for  our  or¬ 
ganization  committee’s  work  in  that  State  was  a  large  factor  in 
securing  the  victory.  Every  one  who  gives  a  dollar  helps  do 
the  work  where  it  is  most  needed  to  gain  the  practical  result.” 

The  following  extracts  are  self-explanatory: 

The  vast  majority  of  women  easily  can  have  their  sympathies  drawn  upon 
to  help  personal  and  public  charities,  while  very  few  are  capable  of  seeing 
that  the  cause  of  nine-tenths  of  all  the  misfortunes  which  come  to  women, 
and  to  men  also,  lies  in  the  subjection  of  woman,  and  therefore  the  important 
thing  is  to  lay  the  axe  at  the  root.  Now,  my  dear,  if  you  and  all  the  women 
who  are  working  for  the  different  charities  and  reforms  of  your  city,  had  the 
right  to  vote,  how  long  do  you  suppose  the  brothels  and  gambling  houses 
would  be  allowed  to  keep  their  doors  open?  Do  you  believe  that  if  women 
could  vote  for  every  officer  whose  duty  it  is  to  enforce  the  laws,  these  dens 
would  be  licensed,  or  if  not  absolutely  licensed,  would  be  allowed  to  run  year 
in  and  year  out  merely  by  the  payment  of  fines  from  time  to  time?  How 
long  do  you  think  our  streets  would  be  infested  with  men  walking  up  and 
down  seeking  whom  they  might  devour,  and  with  women  doing  the  same? 
While  some  of  you  must  work,  as  you  are  doing,  giving  heart  and  soul  to  the 
mitigation  of  the  horrors  of  our  semi-barbaric  conditions,  I  must  strike  at  the 
cause  which  produces  them. 

To  the  women  of  Kansas : 

I  hope  your  State  association  won’t  do  the  foolish  thing  of  wasting  your 
time  in  asking  the  legislature  to  pass  a  law  granting  “  presidential  ”  suf¬ 
frage  to  women.  Our  chances  in  your  State  have  been  postponed,  if  not  abso¬ 
lutely  killed,  because  of  municipal  suffrage,  and  now  if  you  should  induce 
your  legislature  to  give  “presidential”  suffrage  and  the  women  should  thwart 
the  men’s  wishes  in  their  votes  for  President,  as  they  already  have  done 
with  their  limited  franchise,  you  would  be  doomed  never  to  get  the  right  to 
vote  for  congressmen,  governor  and  legislators.  I  wish  women  never  would 
ask  for  any  but  full  suffrage ;  and  also  that  they  would  stop  asking  the  legisla¬ 
tures  to  submit  an  amendment  to  the  voters,  until  they  have  created  public 
sentiment  enough  to  get  at  least  one  of  the  leading  parties  to  stand  for  it  from 
year  to  year.  W e  have  been  working  at  the  top  with  the  members  of  legislatures, 


CHARACTERISTIC  VIEWS  ON  MANY  QUESTIONS. 


921 


delegates  to  conventions,  etc.,  too  long;  it  is  now  time  to  begin  at  the  bottom 
with  the  voting  precincts.  Nothing  short  of  this  should  be  considered  organ¬ 
ization. 

Miss  Anthony  received  many  poems  every  year  from  ad¬ 
miring  friends  of  both  sexes.  This  acknowledgment  of  one 
raises  the  suspicion  that  she  was  not  so  appreciative  as  she 
might  have  been:  “  I  find  in  a  very  handsome  lavender  en¬ 
velope  a  poem  inscribed  on  lavender  paper,  addressed  to  Susan 
B.  Anthony.  Since  I  know  nothing  of  the  merits  of  poetry, 
I  am  notable  to  pass  any  opinion  upon  this,  but  I  can  see  that 
*  reap  ’  and  ‘  deep/  ‘  prayers  ’  and  ‘  bears/  ‘  ark  ’  and  ‘  dark/ 
‘  true  ’  and  ‘  grew  ’  do  rhyme,  and  so  I  suppose  it  is  a  splendid 
effort,  but  if  you  had  written  it  in  plain  prose,  I  could  have 
understood  it  a  great  deal  better  and  read  it  a  great  deal  more 
easily.  Nevertheless,  I  am  thankful  to  you  for  poetizing  over 
me — although  the  fact  is  that  I  am  the  most  prosaic,  matter- 
of-fact  creature  that  ever  drew  the  breath  of  life.” 

A  relative  in  California  wrote  that  “  God  would  punish  the 
people  in  that  State  who  worked  against  the  woman  suffrage 
amendment,”  and  Miss  Anthony  replied  : 

It  is  hardly  worth  while  for  you  or  anybody  to  talk  about  “God’s  punish¬ 
ing  people.”  If  He  does,  He  has  been  a  long  time  about  it  in  a  good  many 
cases  and  not  succeeded  in  doing  it  very  thoroughly.  He  certainly  didn’t 
punish  the  liquor  dealers  of  San  Francisco ;  instead  of  that,  He  let  them  re¬ 
joice  over  us  women  because  of  their  power  to  cheat  us  out  of  right  and 
justice.  I  think  it  is  quite  time,  at  least  for  anybody  who  has  Anthony  blood 
in  her,  to  see  that  God  allows  the  wheat  and  the  tares  to  grow  up  together, 
and  that  the  tares  frequently  get  the  start  of  the  wheat  and  kill  it  out.  The 
only  difference  between  the  wheat  and  human  beings  is  that  the  latter  have 
intellect  and  ought  to  combine  and  pull  out  the  tares,  root  and  branch.  Instead 
of  that,  good  men  stay  away  from  the  ballot-box  or  else  form  third,  fourth 
and  forty-’leventh  parties,  thus  leaving  the  liquor  men  and  vicious  elements, 
who  always  know  enough  to  stand  together,  a  balance  of  power  on  the  side 
of  the  candidate  or  the  party  that -will  do  most  for  their  interests.  If  the 
good  men  were  as  bright  as  the  bad  men,  they  wTould  pull  together  instead  of 
separately. 

To  the  Jewish  Woman’s  Council:  “  From  day  to  day  I 
read  the  press  reports  of  your  meetings,  and  was  pleased  to  see 
how  successful  they  were  ;  especially  was  I  glad  at  the  answer 


922 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


one  of  your  women  made  to  the  criticism  of  your  holding  a 
meeting  on  Sunday.  It  is  time  to  teach  some  of  our  Protestant 
women  that  it  is  just  as  worthy  to  do  a  good  thing  on  Sunday 
as  on  Monday  or  any  other  day  in  the  week,  and  no  worse  to 
do  a  bad  one.  They  should  learn  also  that  they  have  no  more 
right  to  ask  you  to  hold  their  Sunday  sacred  than  you  have  to 
demand  that  they  shall  observe  your  Jewish  Sabbath.’ ’ 

Some  California  women  wrote  her  that  the  politicians  were 
advising  them  to  ask  for  “  educated  and  property  suffrage,” 
and  she  replied  : 

I  should  answer  them  that  it  is  quite  difficult  enough  for  women  to  push 
their  demand  for  enfranchisement  on  an  equal  basis  with  men.  They  all 
know  there  is  not  a  man  who  has  any  political  aspirations  or  a  party  which 
hopes  for  success,  that  would  take  a  public  stand  in  favor  of  such  a  measure 
as  they  wish  us  to  adopt.  I  do  not  agree  with  them  that  we  have  too  many 
voters  now.  Instead  of  that,  I  say  we  have  just  half  enough,  for  a  majority 
of  the  opinions  of  all  the  people  combined  is  sure  to  be  better  than  the  opin¬ 
ions  of  any  one  class.  They  call  it  a  “mistake”  giving  to  poor  and  unedu¬ 
cated  men  the  right  to  vote ;  whereas,  the  greatest  wrongs  in  our  government 
are  perpetrated  by  rich  men,  the  wire-pulling  agents  of  the  corporations  and 
monopolies,  in  which  the  poor  and  the  ignorant  have  no  part. 

No,  they  can  not  persuade  me  that  it  would  be  a  right  or  even  a  politic 
thing  to  ask  that  only  educated,  tax-paying  women  be  enfranchised.  It 
wrould  antagonize  not  only  every  man  who  had  neither  property  nor  educa¬ 
tion  but  also  every  one  whose  wife  had  neither,  and  all  such  would  vote 
against  the  enfranchisement  of  the  rich  and  educated  women.  You  can  not 
start  a  demand  for  any  sort  of  restrictive  qualification  for  women  which  will 
not  lose  more  votes  for  the  measure  in  one  direction  than  it  can  possibly  gain 
in  another. 

The  habit  of  many  women  of  continually  intruding  their 
religious  beliefs  into  their  public  -work  was  a  great  annoyance 
to  Miss  Anthony.  To  a  prominent  speaker  on  the  Prohibition 
platform  with  whom  she  was  well  acquainted,  she  wrote  :  “It 
seems  to  me  that  by  your  using  constantly  the  words  ‘  God  ’ 
and  ‘Jesus’  as  if  they  were  material  beings,  when  to  you 
they  are  no  longer  such,  you  impress  upon  your  audience, 
grounded  as  the  vast  majority  yet  are  in  the  old  beliefs,  that 
you  still  hold  to  the  idea  of  their  personality.  The  world, 
especially  women,  love  to  cling  to  a  personal,  material  help — 
God  a  strong  man,  Jesus  a  loving  man.”  And  then  a  little 


CHARACTERISTIC  VIEWS  ON  MANY  QUESTIONS.  923 

further  on,  referring  to  the  common  habit  of  regarding  physi¬ 
cal  misfortunes  as  the  punishment  of  God,  she  said  :  “  God 

is  not  responsible  for  our  human  ills  and  we  should  not 
believe  or  disbelieve  in  Him  on  account  of  our  aches  and  pains. 
It  surely  is  not  the  good  people  who  escape  bodily  ailments. 
Certain  fixed  laws  govern  all,  and  those  who  come  nearest  to 
obeying  these  laws  will  suffer  least;  but  even  then  we  must 
suffer  for  the  failures  of  our  ancestors.’ ’ 

One  of  the  leading  women  in  a  State  where  a  suffrage  amend¬ 
ment  was  pending,  wrote  her  that  she  felt  sure  the  Lord  would 
interpose  in  its  behalf  and  she  should  try  to  influence  the 
voters  by  prayer.  In  response  Miss  Anthony  said  : 

I  think  you  do  not  fully  realize  that  the  vast  majority  of  the  men  whom 
you  have  to  convert  to  suffrage,  neither  know  nor  care  whether  you  and  the 
rest  of  the  women  who  want  to  vote,  are  especially  inspired  by  God  to  make 
the  demand.  Those  who  are  good  Methodists  like  yourself  ought  to  believe 
in  suffrage  already,  and  therefore  your  appeals  are  to  be  made  to  the  men 
who  are  not  Methodists,  possibly  not  even  Christians,  and  would  be  repelled 
by  your  presenting  any  of  the  religious  motives  which  are  so  powerful  with 
you  and  other  church  members.  To  prevail  with  the  rank  and  file  of  voters, 
you  must  appeal  to  their  sense  of  justice.  I  am  glad  to  have  you  tell  me  per¬ 
sonally  about  your  communings  with  the  Lord,  but  for  you  to  give  that  talk 
of  “  miraculous  intervention  ”  to  the  common  run  of  voters  would  be,  as  the 
Good  Book  says,  “  casting  pearls  before  swine.” 

To  a  nephew,  D.  R.  Anthony,  Jr.,  and  his  bride  on  the  day 
of  their  wedding,  she  telegraphed  the  beautiful  words  of 
Lucretia  Mott :  “  May  your  independence  be  equal,  your  de¬ 

pendence  mutual,  your  obligations  reciprocal.” 

In  the  winter  of  1897  a  great  cry  was  raised  about  what  was 
called  “  yellow”  journalism,  the  mischievous  sensationalism 
of  certain  metropolitan  newspapers.  The  matter  was  taken  up 
by  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  and  Miss  Willard  sent  out  an  address  to 
prominent  women  asking  that  they  should  protest  against  this 
journalism  and  also  against  such  spectacles  as  the  recent  Cor- 
bett-Fitzsimmons  prize  fight.  When  it  reached  Miss  Anthony 
she  answered : 

Your  circular  letter  came  duly,  proposing  that  women  should  refuse  to 
patronize  the  so-called  “yellow”  newspapers,  and  also  protest  against  prize 


924 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


fighting.  It  seems  to  me  that  for  the  women  of  the  country  to  come  out  now 
with  their  little  piping  voices,  after  all  the  great  daily  papers  of  the  nation 
have  written  the  strongest  kind  of  editorials  against  both  these  evils,  would 
be  very  like  the  caricatures  of  the  old  Conkling-Platt  fight  in  the  United 
States  Senate— the  tall  Conkling  dealing  his  blow,  and  the  little  Platt  peep¬ 
ing,  “  Me,  too.” 

Instead  of  going  around  echoing  one  or  another  class  of  men,  it  is  time  for 
women  to  put  their  heads  together  and  demand  to  have  tlieir  opinions 
counted  the  same  as  those  of  the  men  who  make  possible  “yellow  journalism” 
and  prize  fighting.  They  who  wish  may  waste  their  time  trying  to  make 
bricks  without  straw — to  change  the  conditions  of  society  without  votes  I 
shall  go  on  clamoring  for  the  ballot  and  trying  not  to  antagonize  any  man  or 
set  of  men.  Don’t  you  see,  if  women  ever  get  the  right  to  vote  it  must  be 
through  the  consent  of  not  only  the  moral  and  decent  men  of  the  nation,  but 
also  through  that  of  the  other  kind  ?  Is  it  not  perfectly  idiotic  for  us  to  be 
telling  the  latter  class  that  the  first  thing  we  shall  do  with  our  ballots  will 
be  to  knock  them  out  of  the  enjoyment  of  their  pet  pleasures  and  vices?  If 
you  still  think  it  wise  to  keep  on  sticking  pins  into  the  men  whom  we  are 
trying  to  persuade  to  give  women  equal  power  with  themselves,  you  will  have 
to  go  on  doing  it.  I  certainly  will  not  be  one  of  your  helpers  in  that  particu¬ 
lar  line  of  work. 

In  reading  these  and  scores  of  similar  expressions  of  wisdom 
and  philosophy,  one  can  but  echo  the  words  of  Rev.  Anna 
Shaw,  who  wrote  to  Miss  Anthony  :  “  Your  letters  sound  like 

a  trumpet  blast.  They  read  like  St.  Paul’s  Epistles  to  the 
Romans,  so  strong,  so  clear,  so  full  of  courage.”  Miss 
Anthony  and  Miss  Willard  always  continued  the  best  of 
friends,  each  great  enough  to  respect  the  other’s  individuality. 
In  reply  to  the  above,  Miss  Willard  wrote  :  “  Dearest  Susan, 

two  women  as  settled  in  their  opinions  as  you  and  I,  show  their 
highest  wisdom  when  they  mildly  agree  to  differ  and  go  on 
their  way  rejoicing,  with  mutual  good  word,  good  will,  good 
heart.  Ever  yours  with  warm  affection.”  A  little  later  Miss 
Willard  added  to  the  official  invitations  to  the  World’s  and  the 
National  W.  C.  T.  U.  Conventions,  her  warm  personal  request 
for  Miss  Anthony’s  presence. 

There  was  no  end  to  the  invitations  which  came  by  every 
mail :  a  banquet  given  by  the  New  York  Woman’s  Press  Club  ; 
the  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  the  Woman’s  Club  at  Orange, 
N.  J.  ;  an  anniversary  breakfast  of  Sorosis,  at  the  Waldorf ;  a 
reunion  of  the  old  Abolitionists  in  Boston  ;  the  Pilgrim  Moth- 


CHARACTERISTIC  VIEWS  ON  MANY  QUESTIONS. 


925 


ers’  Dinner  in  the  Astor  Gallery  ;  the  dedication  of  the  Mother 
Bickerdyke  Hospital  in  Kansas  ;  the  opening  reception  of  the 
Tennessee  Centennial — the  very  answering  of  them  consumed 
hours  of  precious  time.1  Neither  was  there  any  limit  to  the 
newspaper  requests  for  opinions,  such  as,  “  Do  you  favor  the 
use  of  birds  for  personal  adornment  ?  Why,  or  why  not  ?  ” 
“  Christ’s  message,  ‘  Peace  on  earth,  good  will  to  men  ’ — what 
has  it  done  and  what  does  it  mean  after  nineteen  centuries  ?  ” 
etc.  She  seldom  attempted  to  answer  such  queries,  but  her 
comments  while  looking  them  over  in  her  daily  mail,  if  pre¬ 
served  by  stenographer  and  historian,  would  make  piquant 
reading. 

An  amusing  letter  turns  up  among  the  almost  nine  hundred 
received  in  1897,  in  which  a  county  official,  not  seventy-five 
miles  from  Rochester,  asks  these  questions  :  “  In  how  many 

cities  have  you  spoken  ?  How  many  lectures  delivered  ? 
Have  you  ever  spoken  in  Washington  before  Congress  ?  Have 
you  ever  spoken  in  Albany  before  the  legislature  ?  How 
many  people  would  you  think  you  had  addressed  in  your  life¬ 
time  ?  ”  Miss  Anthony  responded  :  “It  would  be  hard  to  find 
a  city  in  the  northern  and  western  States  in  which  I  have  not 
lectured,  and  I  have  spoken  in  many  of  the  southern  cities.  I 
have  been  on  the  platform  over  forty-five  years  and  it  would 
be  impossible  to  tell  how  many  lectures  I  have  delivered  ;  they 
probably  would  average  from  seventy-five  to  one  hundred  every 
year.  I  have  addressed  the  committees  of  every  Congress  since 
1869,  and  our  New  York  legislature  scores  of  times.” 

As  has  been  stated,  she  never  replied  to  personal  attacks,  but 
during  1897  one  so  unjust  and  so  bitter  was  made  by  a  dis¬ 
gruntled  woman  of  New  York  City  in  the  St.  Louis  Republic, 
that  she  yielded  to  the  importunity  of  friends  and  answered 
briefly  : 

I  have  been  an  officer  in  the  National  Suffrage  Association  since  1852,  and  its 
president  since  1892.  During  that  time  I  never  have  had  one  dollar  of  salary, 
nor  have  I  ever  received  any  money  for  my  suffrage  work  from  this  associa- 

1  Miss  Anthony  was  this  year  made  honorary  member  of  the  Cuban  League,  the  Rochester 
Historical  Society,  the  Ladies  of  the  Maccabees,  and  various  other  organizations. 


926 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


tion.  I  usually  am  paid  for  lectures  by  any  society  which  sends  for  me  to 
come  to  a  special  place.  In  all  of  the  laborious  State  campaigns  I  have  given 
my  services  without  money  and  without  price.  The  various  bequests  which 
have  been  left  to  me,  to  use  at  my  discretion,  all  have  been  appropriated  directly 
to  the  suffrage  cause.  Not  one  officer  of  the  national  association  is  or  ever 
has  been  paid  for  her  services,  and  most  of  them  have  contributed  many  years 
of  hard  work  and  a  large  amount  of  their  own  money. 

By  the  middle  of  July  the  biography  was  so  well  advanced 
that  the  two  workers  felt  entitled  to  a  vacation  during  mid¬ 
summer.  The  completed  chapters  were  locked  securely  in  the 
safety  deposit  vault  and,  with  a  fervent  hope  that  the  house 
would  not  catch  fire  and  burn  up  the  unwritten  part  of  the 
book  during  their  absence,  they  started,  July  15,  for  a  little 
tour,  going  first  to  the  home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  Sargent 
on  “  Summerland,”  one  of  the  loveliest  of  the  Thousand 
Islands.  Here  Miss  Anthony  tried  very  hard  for  a  whole 
week  to  do  nothing.  Even  letter-writing  was  laid  aside  and  she 
sat  on  the  veranda  and  watched  the  great  steamers  and  the 
pleasure  boats  go  up  and  down  the  broad  St.  Lawrence  ;  took 
long  naps  in  the  hammock  swayed  by  the  soft  breezes;  wan¬ 
dered  through  the  picturesque  ravine  and  along  the  water’s 
edge  ;  at  evening  watched  the  sun  set  in  gorgeous  splendor,  leav¬ 
ing  a  trail  of  glory  on  the  waters  which  slowly  faded  as  the  stars 
came  out  in  the  beauty  of  the  night  and  were  reflected  in  the 
still  depths.  Every  day,  with  host  and  hostess  and  the  other 
guests  in  the  house,  she  boarded  the  little  launch  and  sailed 
up  the  river,  winding  in  and  out  among  those  wonderful 
islands  with  their  diversity  of  hotels,  clubhouses,  elegant 
mansions  and  pretty  cottages ;  but  all  surpassed  by  the 
adornments  of  nature,  tall  trees  with  luxuriant  vines  climbing 
to  the  very  tops,  and  the  great  rocks  of  the  ages,  rent  and  cleft 
and  covered  with  mosses  and  ferns. 

It  was  a  charming  week  but,  although  the  stay  might  have 
been  prolonged  through  the  summer,  Miss  Anthony  was  far  too 
busy  a  woman  for  much  visiting,  and  on  the  22d  started  for 
her  old  home  at  Adams,  Mass.,  where  a  unique  and  long  an¬ 
ticipated  event  took  place,  which  will  be  described  in  the 
next  chapter.  A  number  of  relatives,  who  had  come  from 


CHARACTERISTIC  VIEWS  ON  MANY  QUESTIONS.  927 

various  parts  of  the  country  for  this  occasion,  returned  to 
Rochester  with  her.  A  little  trip  was  made  to  Geneva  to  visit 
with  Mrs.  Stanton  at  Mrs.  Miller’s,  and  so  the  summer  sped 
quickly  and  pleasantly  away. 

Miss  Anthony  attended  the  Ohio  convention  at  Alliance, 
October  5,  and  was  the  guest  of  Mrs.  Emma  Cantine.  While 
here,  at  the  request  of  President  Marsh,  she  addressed  the  stu¬ 
dents  of  Mount  Union  College  on  “  The  Progress  of  Women 
during  my  Lifetime.”  She  had  said  again  and  again  that  she 
would  not  leave  her  work  and  go  to  this  convention,  but  when 
at  last  a  telegram  was  received,  “  For  heaven’s  sake  come  ;  all 
depends  on  you  ” — she  put  on  her  bonnet  and  went,  just  as 
she  had  done  a  hundred  times  before. 

She  spoke,  October  20,  at  the  celebration  of  the  hundredth 
birthday  of  Rev.  Samuel  J.  May,  in  the  beautiful  church 
erected  to  his  memory  in  Syracuse.  She  had  known  Mr.  May 
intimately  from  1850  to  the  time  of  his  death,  and  those  who 
have  read  the  first  chapters  of  this  book  and  seen  what  he  was 
to  her  in  those  early  days  of  abolitionism  and  woman’s  rights 
when  the  enemies  far  outnumbered  the  friends,  can  imagine 
how  eloquently  she  voiced  the  love  and  gratitude  in  her  heart. 

The  next  evening  Miss  Anthony  left  Rochester  for  ten  days 
at  Nashville,  Tenn.  The  Woman’s  Board  had  invited  a  num¬ 
ber  of  national  organizations  to  hold  conventions  during  the 
Exposition,  and  the  last  week  was  set  apart  for  the  Woman’s 
Council.  This  was  not  a  suffrage  meeting  ;  it  was  simply  a 
national  council  where  each  one  of  the  speakers  asked  for  the 
suffrage  to  enable  her  association  to  do  its  work.  Headquar¬ 
ters  were  at  the  Maxwell  House,  and  the  officers  and  many 
other  notable  women  came  from  various  parts  of  the  country 
for  the  week.  The  public  sessions  were  held  in  the  Woman’s 
Building,  which  was  crowded  to  its  capacity.  Although  suf¬ 
frage  was  a  comparatively  new  subject  in  this  city,  the  an¬ 
nouncement  of  Miss  Anthony’s  address  filled  the  assembly- 
room  and  she  was  received  with  enthusiasm. 

They  met  with  a  hearty  greeting  from  the  people  of  Nash¬ 
ville.  Among  the  elegant  receptions  given  in  their  honor  was 


928 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


one  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  W.  Berry  at  Vauxhall  Place.  The 
president  of  the  Exposition,  Mr.  John  W.  Thomas,  and  his 
wife  gave  a  handsome  entertainment,  of  which  the  American’s 
account  said  :  “  By  the  hostess  stood  her  honored  guest,  Miss 

Susan  B.  Anthony,  in  simple  attire.  Warm  was  the  reception 
accorded  this  gray-haired  woman,  and  her  grand  face  im¬ 
pressed  all  with  the  noble  part  she  had  played  in  this  century.” 
At  the  close  of  the  council  the  visitors,  as  the  guests  of  the 
lady  directors,  were  driven  in  tally-ho  and  carriages  to  the 
beautiful  country-seat  of  the  president  of  the  board,  Mrs.  Van 
Leer  Kirkman,  where  they  were  royally  received. 

Miss  Anthony  spoke  also  before  the  Liberal  Congress  of 
Religions  in  session  at  this  time,  and  was  introduced  by  the 
president,  Dr.  Thomas,  as  “  one  who  had  stood  for  the  cause 
of  liberty  when  it  cost  something  to  stand,  and  had  borne  the 
storm  of  calumny  and  abuse  for  fifty  years.”  While  she  was 
in  Nashville  President  Erastus  M.  Cravath,  of  Fiske  Univer¬ 
sity,  called  with  his  carriage  and  took  her  to  that  institution, 
where  she  addressed  the  faculty  and  600  students,  speaking,  by 
request,  on  “  The  Early  Days  of  Abolitionism.” 

After  a  day  or  two  at  home  Miss  Anthony  attended  the  New 
York  Suffrage  Convention  at  Geneva,  November  3.  Here  she 
made  a  speech  criticising  the  women  of  New  York  City  for 
having  gone  so  actively  into  partisan  politics  during  the  recent 
campaign,  although  none  of  the  parties  advocated  giving  them 
the  right  of  suffrage ,  and  pointed  out  the  absurdity  of  hoping 
for  “good  government  ”  from  any  party  until  it  was  rein¬ 
forced  by  the  votes  of  women.  The  speech  created  something 
of  a  sensation,  and  when  she  reached  home  a  reporter  was 
waiting  for  her,  to  whom  she  gave  an  interview  which  inten¬ 
sified  the  original  excitement.  Not  only  did  she  review  the 
political  situation  in  New  York,  but  she  declared  also  that  no 
movement  could  succeed  unless  it  were  managed  by  a  so-called 
“ring.”  Leaders  must  be  surrounded  by  those  who  are  in 
sympathy  with  their  ideas  and  willing  to  carry  out  their 
methods,  or  nothing  can  be  accomplished.  In  commenting, 
the  paper  quoted  the  remark  so  often  made,  “  When  Susan  B. 


CHARACTERISTIC  VIEWS  ON  MANY  QUESTIONS.  929 

Anthony  was  born  a  woman,  an  adroit  statesman  was  lost  to 
the  world.” 

On  November  11  Miss  Anthony  started  on  a  great  swing  of 
western  conventions,  or  conferences,  stopping  on  her  way  to 
the  railroad  station  to  attend  the  golden  wedding  reception  of 
her  friends  of  nearly  fifty  years,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Edward  M. 
Moore.  These  conferences — Miss  Anthony,  Mrs.  Catt,  Miss 
Shaw,  speakers — were  for  the  purpose  of  arousing  interest  and 
raising  money  for  the  suffrage  celebration  to  be  held  in  Wash¬ 
ington  in  the  winter  of  1898.  They  began  at  Minneapolis 
and  continued  for  two  days  each  in  Madison,  Chicago,  Grand 
Rapids,  Kalamazoo  and  Toledo.  At  the  first  city  Miss  Anthony 
addressed  the  students  of  the  State  University,  introduced  by 
President  Cyrus  Northrop.  A  reception  was  given  in  the 
public  library  building  by  the  local  Woman’s  Council. 

At  each  of  the  cities  visited  the  ladies  were  entertained  by 
prominent  residents,  the  audiences  were  large  and  apprecia¬ 
tive,  and  the  newspapers  contained  long  and  favorable  reports. 
There  was  not  a  discord  in  the  chorus  of  pleasant  welcome  ; 
not  a  disrespectful  word  of  either  the  speakers  or  the  cause 
they  advocated.  The  question  was  treated  with  the  same  con¬ 
sideration  and  dignity  as  others  before  the  public  for  discus¬ 
sion,  and  it  required  no  more  courage  to  present  it  than  to 
talk  of  any  other  reform  of  the  day. 

If  one  desire  an  illustration  of  the  progress  made  by  women 
during  half  a  century,  let  him  turn  to  the  early  chapters  of 
this  book  and  read  the  story  of  those  first  meetings  where  Miss 
Anthony,  rising  timidly  in  her  seat  and  asking  to  make  a 
remark,  was  literally  howled  down  because  no  woman  was 
allowed  to  speak  in  public  ;  and  then  let  him  read  these  closing 
chapters  of  her  ovations  extending  from  ocean  to  ocean.  From 
a  canvass  of  New  York  State  in  a  sleigh,  speaking  to  little 
handfuls  of  people  in  country  schoolhouses,  ridiculed  by  the 
newspapers  and  outlawed  by  society — to  an  endless  series  of 
conventions  and  congresses  in  all  the  great  cities  of  the  coun¬ 
try,  with  no  hall  large  enough  to  hold  the  audiences  and  with 
Ant. — 59 


930 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


almost  the  unanimous  approval  of  press  and  people  !  Only  a 
short  period  of  less  than  fifty  years,  scarcely  a  second  in  the 
eons  of  history,  and  yet  in  that  brief  time  a  revolution  in  pub¬ 
lic  sentiment,  an  overturning  of  the  customs  and  prejudices  of 
the  ages,  the  release  of  womanhood  from  unknown  centuries 
of  bondage ! 


CHAPTER  L. 


HOME  LIFE - THE  REUNION— -THE  WOMAN. 

1897. 

HE  unsurpassed  powers  of  endurance,  which 
have  enabled  Miss  Anthony  to  work  without 
ceasing  for  more  than  sixty  years,  are  due  to  her 
perfect  physical  condition.  She  comes  of  a  long- 
lived  race,  in  which  centenarians  have  been  not 
unusual.  Her  paternal  grandfather  lived  past  the  age  of  ninety- 
seven,  able  to  oversee  his  farm  to  the  very  last;  the  grandmother 
lived  beyond  sixty-seven  ;  both  the  maternal  grandparents 
died  in  their  eighty-fourth  year  ;  her  father  at  sixty-nine,  and 
her  mother  at  eighty-six.  She  never  has  abused  her  inheri¬ 
tance  of  a  fine,  strong  constitution.  Travelling  so  much  of 
the  time,  she  has  not  been  able  to  observe  regular  hours  and, 
being  usually  entertained  in  private  families,  has  not  had  a 
choice  of  food,  but  nevertheless,  as  far  as  possible,  she  has  ob¬ 
served  the  laws  of  health  which  she  made  for  herself  in  youth. 

She  never  fails  to  take  each  morning,  regardless  of  the 
weather,  a  cold  sponge  bath  from  head  to  foot,  followed  by  a 
brisk  rubbing,  which  puts  the  skin  in  excellent  condition. 
She  has  a  good  appetite,  drinks  tea  and  coffee  moderately  and 
eats  always  the  simplest  food,  cereals,  bread  and  butter,  vegeta¬ 
bles,  eggs,  milk,  a  little  meat  once  a  day,  plenty  of  fruit  at  every 
meal,  whatever  is  in  season,  and  never  can  be  tempted  by 
rich  salads,  desserts  or  fancy  dishes.  Whenever  it  is  possible  she 
rests  a  short  time  after  each  meal,  and  lies  down  for  an  hour 
during  the  afternoon,  even  if  she  can  not  sleep  ;  retires  at  nine 
or  ten  and  rises  at  six  or  seven.  She  travels  by  night,  when 

(931) 


932 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


convenient,  as  she  thus  can  avoid  much  of  the  fatigue  of  the 
journey.  When  travelling  in  the  daytime  she  reads  very  little, 
never  writes  or  dictates  letters  on  the  train,  as  many  busy 
people  do,  but  makes  herself  comfortable  and  dozes  and  rests. 

An  invariable  rule,  with  which  nothing  is  allowed  to  inter¬ 
fere,  is  plenty  of  fresh  air  and  exercise,  and  she  regards  these 
as  the  mainspring  of  her  long  years  of  health  and  activity.  If 
she  has  been  on  the  cars  all  day,  she  walks  from  the  station  to 
her  stopping-place.  After  a  speech,  she  walks  home.  When 
in  Rochester  she  often  writes  until  nearly  10  o’clock  at  night, 
then  puts  on  a  long  cloak,  ties  a  scarf  over  her  head,  goes  out  to 
the  mail  box,  and  walks  eight  or  ten  blocks,  returning  in  a  warm 
glow  ;  gives  herself  a  thorough  rubbing,  and  is  ready  for  a 
night’s  rest  in  a  room  where  the  window  is  open  at  all  sea¬ 
sons.  The  policemen  are  accustomed  to  the  late  pedestrian  and 
often  speak  a  word  of  greeting  as  she  passes.  It  is  not  an  un¬ 
usual  thing  for  her  to  take  up  a  broom,  when  it  has  been  snow¬ 
ing  all  the  evening,  and  sweep  the  walks  around  and  in  front 
of  the  house,  just  before  going  to  bed.  While  not  an  adherent 
of  any  special  “  sciences  ”  or  “  cures,”  she  believes  thoroughly 
in  not  dwelling  upon  either  mental  or  bodily  ills  ;  giving  dis¬ 
agreeable  things  and  people  only  such  attention  as  is  absolutely 
necessary,  and  then  putting  them  out  of  mind  ;  observing  the 
laws  of  hygiene  with  regard  to  the  body  and  then  banishing  it 
also  from  the  thoughts.  Over  and  above  all  else  is  she  an  advo¬ 
cate  of  work,  employment  for  mind  and  body,  as  a  means  of 
salvation. 

In  dress  Miss  Anthony  is  extremely  particular.  She  con¬ 
siders  it  poor  economy  to  wear  cheap  material,  always  buys 
the  best  fabrics,  linings  and  trimmings,  and  employs  a 
competent  dressmaker.  She  has  one  gown  a  year  and  often 
this  is  a  present  from  some  loving  friend.  While  she  wears 
only  black  silk  or  satin  in  public,  she  loves  color  and  her 
house  dress  is  usually  maroon  or  soft  cardinal.  Her  laces  and 
few  pieces  of  jewelry  are  gifts  from  women.  The  slender  little 
ring,  worn  on  the  “  wedding  finger,”  was  placed  there  thirty 
years  ago  by  her  devoted  friend,  Dr.  Clemence  Lozier.  She 


HOME  LIFE - THE  REUNION — THE  WOMAN. 


933 


never  in  a  lifetime  has  changed  the  style  of  wearing  her  hair, 
once  dark  brown,  glossy  and  abundant,  now  thin  and  fine  and 
shining  like  spun  silver,  which  is  always  evenly  parted,  combed 
over  the  ears  and  coiled  low  at  the  back,  thus  showing  the  fine 
contour  of  her  head.  In  all  the  details  of  the  toilet  she  is  most 
fastidious,  and  a  rent,  a  missing  button  or  a  frayed  edge  is 
considered  almost  an  unpardonable  sin. 

Miss  Anthony  attends  Unitarian  church  but  retains  her 
membership  in  the  Society  of  Quakers.  On  the  rare  occasions 
when  she  needs  a  physician,  she  consults  some  woman  of  the 
homeopathic  school,  but  she  is  opposed  to  much  medicine, 
believing  that  proper  diet  and  exercise  are  the  best  cure  for 
most  maladies.  Although  pleased  always  to  welcome  callers, 
she  makes  few  visits,  except  to  the  faithful  friends  of  olden 
times  whose  names  so  often  have  been  mentioned  in  these 
pages.  She  finds  the  days  all  too  short  and  too  few  for  the 
great  work  whose  demands  increase  with  every  year.  While 
Miss  Anthony  feels  an  abiding  interest  in  household  affairs, 
the  details  and  management  necessarily  devolve  upon  her  sis¬ 
ter  Mary,  who  also  looks  carefully  after  the  finances,  to  see 
that  the  modest  income  is  not  all  appropriated  to  the  cause  of 
woman  suffrage.  In  matters  of  a  material  nature  she  is  the 
needed  complement  to  the  life  of  her  gifted  sister.  On  all 
vital  questions,  suffrage,  religion,  the  various  reforms,  the  two 
are  in  perfect  accord  and,  as  they  sit  together  in  the  quiet 
home  for  the  usual  twilight  chat  before  the  lamps  are  lighted, 
there  is  none  of  that  dwelling  in  the  past,  to  which  old  people 
are  so  prone,  but  all  is  of  the  present,  the  live  topics  of  the 
day,  and  the  plans  and  hopes  which  they  share  alike. 

The  Anthony  home  in  Rochester  stands  in  Madison  street, 
one  of  the  nicely  paved,  well-shaded  avenues  in-  the  western 
part  of  that  beautiful  city.  It  is  a  plain,  substantial  two-and- 
a-half  story  brick  house  of  thirteen  rooms,  with  modern  con¬ 
veniences,  and  belongs  to  Miss  Mary.  It  is  furnished  with 
Quakerlike  simplicity  but  with  everything  necessary  to  make 
life  comfortable.  In  the  front  parlor  are  piano,  easy  chairs 
and  many  pictures  and  pieces  of  bric-a-brac,  given  by  friends. 


934 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


Over  the  mantel  hangs  a  fine,  large  painting  of  the  Yosemite, 
presented  to  Miss  Anthony  in  1896  by  William  Keith,  the 
noted  artist  of  California.  Beneath  it  stand  three  fine  photo¬ 
graphs,  Mary  Wollstonecraft,  Lucretia  Mott  and  Frederick 
Douglass.  Between  the  windows  is  the  very  mahogany  table 
upon  which  were  written  the  call  and  resolutions  for  the  first 
woman’s  rights  convention  ever  held — the  gift  of  Mrs.  Stanton. 
In  the  back  parlor  the  most  conspicuous  object  is  the  library 
table  strewn  with  the  papers  and  magazines  which  come  by 
every  mail.  This  is  surrounded  with  arm-chairs,  tempting  one 
to  pause  awhile  and  enjoy  this  luxury  of  literature.  On  one 
side  are  the  bookcases,  and  on  the  walls  large  engravings  of 
Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  Susan  B.  Anthony,  and  a  handsome 
copy  of  Murillo’s  Madonna,  while  in  one  cornel  stands  the 
mother’s  spinning-wheel.  Opening  out  of  this  room  is  Miss 
Mary’s  study,  the  big  desk  filled  with  work  pertaining  to  the 
Political  Equality  Club  of  200  members,  whose  efficient  presi¬ 
dent  she  has  been  for  a  number  of  years  ;  and  here  she  spends 
several  hours  every  day  looking  after  her  own  work  and  reliev¬ 
ing  her  sister  of  a  part  of  hers.  There  is  a  sewing-machine 
here  also,  and  a  big,  old-fashioned  haircloth  sofa,  suggesting  a 
nap  and  a  dream  of  bygone  days. 

In  the  dining-room  is  a  handsomely  carved  mahogany  side¬ 
board,  a  family  heirloom,  containing  china  and  silver  which 
belonged  to  mother  and  grandmother,  and  here  hang  very  old 
steel  engravings  of  Washington  and  Lincoln.  The  large,  light 
kitchen,  with  its  hard  coal  range,  is  a  favorite  apartment,  and 
Miss  Anthony  especially  enjoys  sitting  there  in  a  low  rocking- 
chair  while  she  reads  the  morning  paper.  The  front  room  up¬ 
stairs,  with  little  dressing-room  attached,  is  the  guest  chamber. 
It  contains  a  great  chest  of  drawers,  a  dressing-table  and  mir¬ 
ror  wffiich  were  part  of  the  mother’s  wedding  outfit  over  eighty 
vears  ago,  a  mahogany  bedstead  and  a  modern  writing-desk 
and  rocking-chairs.  On  the  walls  are  several  paintings,  the 
work  of  loved  hands  long  since  at  rest,  and  two  engravings, 
over  one  hundred  years  old,  such  as  used  to  hang  in  every 
Abolitionist’s  parlor  in  early  days.  They  are  copies  of  paint- 


HOME  LIFE - THE  REUNION - THE  WOMAN. 


935 


ings  by  G.  Morland,  engraved  in  1794,  by  “  J.  R.  Smith,  King 
St.,  Covent  Garden,  engravers  to  H.  R.  H.  the  Prince  of 
Wales.”  One  is  entitled  “ African  Hospitality,”  and  repre¬ 
sents  a  ship  wrecked  off  the  coast  of  Africa  with  the  white 
passengers  rescued  and  tenderly  cared  for  by  the  natives;  the 
other  is  named  “The  Slave  Trade,”  and  shows  these  same 
negroes  loaded  with  chains  and  driven  aboard  ship  by  the 
white  men  whom  they  had  saved.  These  pictures  have  little 
meaning  to  the  present  generation,  but  one  can  imagine  how 
they  must  have  fired  the  hearts  of  those  who  were  laboring  to 
eradicate  the  curse  of  slavery  from  the  nation. 

Back  of  the  guest  chamber,  in  this  interesting  home,  is  Miss 
Mary’s  sleeping-room,  with  quaint  old  furniture  and  family 
pictures;  then  the  maid’s  room,  another  guest  chamber  and, 
in  the  southwest  corner,  next  the  bathroom,  the  pleasant  bed¬ 
room  of  Miss  Anthony  with  the  pictures  of  those  she  loves 
best,  and  the  dresser  littered  with  the  little  toilet  articles  of 
which  she  is  very  fond.  The  most  attractive  room  in  the 
house,  naturally,  is  Miss  Anthony’s  study  in  the  south  wing 
on  the  second  floor.  It  is  light  and  sunshiny  and  has  an  open 
gas  fire.  Looking  down  from  the  walls  are  Benjamin  Lundy, 
Garrison,  Phillips,  Gerrit  Smith,  Frances  Wright,  Ernestine 
L.  Rose,  Abby  Kelly  Foster,  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,  Lucy 
Stone,  Lydia  Maria  Child  and,  either  singly  or  in  groups, 
many  more  of  the  great  reformers  of  the  past  and  present 
century.  On  one  side  are  the  book  shelves,  with  cyclopedia, 
histories  and  other  volumes  of  reference;  on  another  an  invit¬ 
ing  couch,  where  the  busy  worker  may  drop  down  for  a  few 
moment’s  repose  of  mind  and  body.  By  one  window  is  the 
typewriter,  and  by  the  other  the  great  desk  weighted  with 
letters  and  documents. 

Each  morning,  as  soon  as  the  postman  arrives,  Miss  An¬ 
thony  sits  down  at  her  desk  and,  going  over  the  piles  of  letters, 
puts  to  one  side  those  which  can  wait,  dictates  replies  to  those  re¬ 
quiring  the  longest  answers  and,  while  they  are  being  typewrit¬ 
ten,  plunges  with  her  pen  into  the  rest.  Many  hours  every 
day  and  often  into  the  night  she  writes  steadily,  but  the  pile 


936 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


never  diminishes.  As  president  of  the  National-American  As¬ 
sociation  not  only  must  she  direct  the  work  for  suffrage,  which 
is  being  carried  on  in  all  parts  of  the  country  to  a  much 
greater  extent  than  the  public  imagines,  but  she  also  must 
keep  in  touch  with  the  hundreds  of  individuals  each  of  whom 
is  helping  in  a  quiet  hut  effective  way.  There  are  few  days 
that  do  not  bring  requests  from  libraries,  associations,  colleges, 
high  schools  or  clubs  for  literature  and  other  information  con¬ 
cerning  woman  suffrage,  which  is  now  the  subject  of  debate 
from  the  great  universities  down  to  the  cross  roads  schoolhouse. 
In  past  years  libraries  have  been  very  deficient  in  matter  upon 
this  question  because  there  was  no  general  call  for  it,  but  now 
the  demand  is  so  large  that  it  scarcely  can  be  supplied,  and  all 
instinctively  turn  to  Miss  Anthony  for  information. 

Some  idea  has  been  given  of  the  scope  of  her  correspondence 
of  a  public  nature,  but  it  hardly  would  be  possible  to  describe 
the  private  letters.  Standing  for  half  a  century  as  the  friend 
and  defender  of  women,  and  known  so  widely  through  her 
travels  and  newspaper  notices,  she  is  overwhelmed  with  appeals 
for  advice  and  assistance.  From  the  number  of  wives,  and 
husbands  also,  who  pour  the  tale  of  their  domestic  grievances 
into  her  ears,  she  would  be  fully  justified  in  believing  marriage 
a  failure.  She  is  daily  requested  to  sign  petitions  for  every 
conceivable  purpose,  and  begged  for  letters  of  recommendation 
by  people  of  whom  she  never  heard.  Women  entreat  her  to  ob¬ 
tain  positions  for  their  husbands  and  children  and  to  help 
themselves  get  pensions,  or  damages,  or  wages  out  of  which 
they  have  been  defrauded.  Girls  and  boys  want  advice  about 
their  plans  for  the  future.  Women,  and  men  too,  without  ed¬ 
ucation  or  experience,  insist  upon  being  placed  as  speakers  on 
the  suffrage  platform.  Authors  send  books  asking  for  a  review. 
People  write  of  their  business  ventures,  their  lawsuits,  their 
surgical  operations,  their  diseases  and  those  of  all  their  family, 
and  of  every  imaginable  household  matter.  Scores  of  letters 
ask  for  a  “  word  of  greeting  ”  on  all  sorts  of  occasions.  Ed¬ 
itors  of  papers  and  pamphlets,  advocating  every  ology  and  ism 
under  the  sun,  send  them  with  the  entreaty  that  she  will  ex- 


HOME  LIFE - THE  REUNION - THE  WOMAN. 


937 


amine  and  express  an  opinion,  each  insisting  that  “  it  will 
take  only  a  few  hours  of  her  time.”  She  is  besieged  to  dress 
dolls  and  make  aprons  for  fairs,  to  write  her  name  upon  pieces 
to  be  used  for  quilts  and  cushions,  and  to  furnish  scraps  of  her 
gowns  for  the  same  purpose.  Babies  are  named  for  her  and 
she  is  asked  to  send  a  letter  of  acknowledgment  and  a  little 
keepsake.  Requests  for  autographs  outnumber  the  days  of  the 
year. 

She  is  constantly  importuned  to  examine  MSS.,  and  not  only 
to  do  this  but  to  secure  a  publisher.  During  the  year  1897 
one  man  sent  an  article  of  sixty-eight  closely  typewritten  pages 
of  legal  cap,  asking  that  she  give  it  a  careful  reading,  revise 
it,  and  send  it  where  it  would  be  published  ;  and  no  postage 
stamps  accompanied  this  nervy  request.  A  woman  whose 
grammar  and  rhetoric  were  most  defective  announced  that  she 
had  written  a  book  called  “  The  Intemperate  Life  of  my 
Father  ;  ”  also  two  stories  and  a  play.  She  would  send  all  of 
them  to  Miss  Anthony,  to  ‘  fix  up  just  as  if  they  were  her  own 
and  help  her  sell  them  ;  she  wanted  the  proceeds  to  assist  her 
brothers  who  had  failed  in  business.'  It  is  a  common  occur¬ 
rence  for  persons  to  ask,  without  so  much  as  enclosing  a  stamp, 
that  she  prepare  an  address  on  woman  suffrage  and  send  for 
them  to  read  as  their  own  production.  One  enthusiastic  poem 
begins  : 

“  When  the  grain  is  ripe  we  will  gather  the  sheaves, 

And  weave  a  crown  for  your  brow  of  laurel  leaves.” 

A  man  from  the  great  Northwest  sends  a  long  article  enti¬ 
tled,  “  Sun  and  Moon  Bathed  in  Blood  !  Ring,  Ring  the 
Bells!  ”  desiring  that  it  be  put  in  the  “  index  of  the  biogra¬ 
phy,”  meaning  the  appendix.  One  writes  :  “  You  are  said 

to  be  very  good  about  assisting  helpless  girls  ;  now  you  could 
not  find  one  more  helpless  than  I  am;”  and  then  requests 
that  she  select,  have  made  and  pay  for  a  school  outfit  for  her. 
Another  has  a  great  scheme  for  starting  a  “  workingwoman’s 
home  ”  and  wants  Miss  Anthony  to  furnish  the  money.  The 
list  might  be  extended  almost  indefinitely  and,  while  one  is 


938 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


amused  and  disgusted  by  turns,  there  are  among  this  vast 
correspondence  many  letters  which  touch  the  heart.  During 
the  tariff  debate  in  Congress  in  1897  a  paragraph  was  widely 
published  that  a  tax  was  to  be  placed  on  tea,  and  this  note, 
evidently  written  by  a  child,  was  received:  “My  mamma 
goes  out  to  work  while  I  go  to  school  and  she  loves  her  cup  of 
tea.  Our  groceryman  tells  us  we  will  have  to  pay  more  for  it 
now.  I  have  heard  how  good  you  are  to  the  poor,  do  please 
spare  time  to  write  to  the  President  and  ask  him  not  to  make 
our  tea  dearer.  Tell  him  to  put  the  tax  on  beer  and  whiskey.” 

Miss  Anthony  is  very  conscientious  about  answering  letters, 
too  much  so,  her  friends  think,  for  she  is  a  slave  to  her  cor¬ 
respondence.  Sometimes,  however,  she  reaches  the  point  of 
exasperation,  as  when  she  opened  eight  pages  of  a  faintly 
written  scrawl  beginning,  “My  heart  goes  out  to  you  in 
sympathy.”  “Well,  I  wish  it  would  go  out  in  blacker  ink,” 
she  exclaimed,  and  threw  it  into  the  waste-basket.  Invitations 
to  lecture  and  to  attend  all  sorts  of  gatherings  pour  in,  and 
she  often  says  to  the  younger  workers,  “If  I  might  but  trans¬ 
fer  them  to  you,  how  much  good  you  could  accomplish.” 
Every  mail  brings  also  loving  and  appreciative  letters  which 
illuminate  the  whole  day,  take  the  sting  out  of  the  unkind 
ones  and  lighten  the  burdens  never  entirely  lifted.  The  women 
who  have  come  into  the  work  in  late  years  continually  ask, 
“How  have  you  borne  it  so  long?”  Sometimes  when  their 
own  endurance  ceases  they  write  her  that  they  will  have  to 
resign,  and  she  makes  answer:  “  If  all  the  young  women  fail, 
then  the  octogenarian  must  work  the  harder  till  a  new  reserve 
comes  to  the  rescue;”  and  of  course  they  are  ashamed  and  re¬ 
double  their  labors  to  show  their  loyalty. 

With  all  her  hours  of  toil  she  is  never  satisfied  with  what 
she  has  accomplished,  but  always  feels  that  she  might  have 
done  a  little  more,  that  something  or  somebody  has  been 
neglected.  In  looking  over  the  mention  made  in  these  chap¬ 
ters  of  a  few  of  the  most  valuable  gifts  and  noteworthy  letters, 
she  said  with  sadness:  “And  no  notice  has  been  taken  of  the 
hundreds  of  little  tokens  of  affection  which  cost  far  more  of 


THE  ANTHONY  FAMILY  AT  THE  REUNION,  ADAMS,  MASS.,  JULY  30,  1897. 


HOME  LIFE - THE  REUNION - THE  WOMAN. 


939 


sacrifice  on  the  part  of  the  givers,  and  of  the  thousands  of 
letters  from  obscure  but  faithful  women,  without  which  I  never 
could  have  had  the  courage  to  do  my  work.” 

While  Miss  Anthony  has  remained  at  home  more  days  in 
1897  than  in  an}^  previous  year  for  half  a  century  it  has  been 
one  of  the  busiest  in  regard  to  letter-writing.  It  is  the  dream 
of  her  life  to  raise  a  permanent  fund  to  be  placed  in  the  hands 
of  trustees,  after  the  manner  of  the  famous  Peabody  fund,  the 
income  to  be  used  to  further  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage. 
To  accomplish  this  she  is  exerting  her  strongest  powers  of 
appeal.  During  all  these  years  of  labor  for  humanity  she  has 
had  to  beg  practically  every  dollar  she  has  used,  and  she  longs 
to  relieve  the  workers  of  the  future  from  this  drudgery  and 
humiliation,  by  providing  an  assured  income,  so  they  may  not 
be  obliged  to  expend  half  their  time  and  strength  in  obtaining 
the  money  with  which  to  do  the  work.  In  addition  to  this 
Standing  Fund,  she  is  endeavoring  also  to  secure  enough 
money  for  the  early  establishment  of  a  Press  Bureau  for  the 
purpose  of  taking  up  and  answering,  day  by  day,  the  false 
statements  made  in  regard  to  woman  suffrage,  its  ultimate 
aims  and  actual  results ;  to  furnish  news  and  arguments  where 
they  are  desired ;  and  to  enlist  the  support  of  the  press  for 
this  question,  which  is  now  acknowledged  to  be  one  of  the 
leading  issues  of  the  day. 

The  event  of  1897  which  gave  Miss  Anthony  more  pleasure 
than  all  others,  in  fact  one  of  the  happiest  incidents  of  her 
life,  was  the  Anthony  Reunion  at  Adams,  Mass.,  the  last  of 
July.  The  Historical  and  Scientific  Society  of  Berkshire  had 
for  many  vears  held  an  annual  meeting  at  some  one  of  the 
historic  spots  for  which  that  county  is  especially  noted.  In 
1895  this  had  been  held  in  the  dooryard  of  the  old  Anthony 
homestead,  and  she  had  been  invited  to  be  present,  but  was 
otherwise  engaged.  It  had  been  the  custom  to  eulogize  her 
highly  at  these  gatherings  but  it  was  determined  that  now  she 
must  come  and  speak  for  herself,  therefore  the  invitation  was 
repeated  for  1896,  but  then  she  was  in  California.  In  1897 
the  letter  from  the  president,  A.  L.  Perry,  said  :  “The  pres- 


940 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


ent  writing  is  to  give  you  a  formal  and  official  invitation,  in 
the  name  of  the  people  of  the  entire  county,  whose  represen¬ 
tatives  we  are,  to  be  present  and  participate  in  our  next  meet¬ 
ing.  You  may  be  sure  of  a  warm  welcome  from  your  old 
neighbors  who  remain,  and  from  the  generation  of  Berkshire 
people,  men  and  women,  now  on  the  stage.” 

The  meeting  was  to  be  held  in  Lee,  and  she  wrote  that  if 
they  would  again  hold  it  at  the  old  Anthony  homestead  she 
would  put  aside  everything  else  and  come.  She  soon  received 
this  answer  from  Rev.  A.  B.  Whipple:  “  It  gives  me  pleas¬ 
ure,  as  vice-president  of  the  Berkshire  Historical  Society,  to 
inform  you  that  we  have  decided  to  gratify  your  ‘  bit  of  senti¬ 
ment  ’  as  well  as  our  own  inclination  to  meet  again  ‘  in  that 
old  dooryard,’  to  do  you  honor  as  one  of  the  natives  of  Berk¬ 
shire  whose  historic  lives  are  finding  a  deserved  and  perma¬ 
nent  record  in  our  society.” 

Miss  Anthony  ever  wanted  her  friends  to  share  in  her  joys 
and  was  anxious  that  everybody  should  know  her  friends,  so 
she  wrote  that  she  would  like  to  have  the  Berkshire  people  hear 
Miss  Shaw  and  others  among  the  noted  speakers.  After  some 
exchange  of  letters  the  officers  of  the  society  requested  her  to 
take  charge  of  the  program  of  the  day,  and  promised  to  second 
all  her  arrangements.  As  she  always  combined  business  with 
pleasure  she  appointed  a  meeting  of  the  national  suffrage  com¬ 
mittee  that  week,  and  thus  brought  to  Adams  her  “body 
guard,”  Miss  Shaw,  Miss  Blackwell,  Mrs.  Catt,  Mrs.  Avery, 
Mrs.  Upton1  and,  by  invitation,  Mrs.  Sewall,  Mrs.  Colby 
and  Mrs.  Harper.  She  had  decided  also  to  have  at  this  time  a 
family  reunion,  and  for  many  weeks  had  been  writing  far  and 
wide  to  the  Anthonys,  the  Laphams,  the  Reads  and  the  Rich¬ 
ardsons,  bidding  all  come  to  Adams  on  the  29th  of  July,  and 
as  a  result  the  “  Old  Hive”  swarmed  as  it  never  had  done, 
even  in  the  early  da}7s.  She  went  on  a  week  ahead  and  joined 
forces  with  her  cousin,  Mrs.  Fannie  Bates,  who  lived  in  the 
house.  Albert  Anthony,  another  cousin  and  near  neighbor, 

Miss  Laura  Clay  and  Mrs.  Catharine  Waugh  McCulloch,  the  national  auditors,  were 
Unable  to  be  present. 


HOME  LIFE - THE  REUNION - THE  WOMAN. 


941 


put  himself,  his  horses  and  vehicles  at  their  service  ;  other 
relatives  came  to  their  assistance,  beds  were  set  up,  provisions 
laid  in  ;  and  for  a  week  fifteen  people  picnicked  in  the  old 
homestead.  The  overflow  was  received  in  the  hospitable  homes 
of  other  relatives  in  the  neighborhood,  and  even  Hotel  Grey- 
lock,  in  the  village,  was  pressed  into  service  to  entertain  the 
guests,  who  came  from  Kansas,  Illinois,  New  York,  Pennsyl¬ 
vania,  New  Jersey,  New  Hampshire  and  other  States. 

The  suffrage  committee  meetings  were  held  during  several 
days  and  evenings  preceding  the  Historical  Society  celebration. 
It  was  a  picture  always  to  be  remembered,  that  group  of  dis- 
*  tinguished  women,  standing  at  the  very  head  of  the  greatest 
progressive  movement  of  the  age,  gathered  in  serious  conclave 
in  those  old-fashioned,  low-ceiled  rooms  built  over  a  century 
ago,  concocting  schemes  which  would  have  filled  their  Quaker 
owners  with  holy  horror.  It  seemed  almost  as  if  they  would 
come  back  from  the  dim  past  to  ask  what  it  all  meant.  And 
yet,  when  one  recalled  that  the  Quakers  never  commanded 
their  women  to  keep  silence  in  the  meeting  house,  but  recog¬ 
nized  their  full  equality  there  and  elsewhere,  and  stood  for 
liberty  in  a  world  given  over  to  religious  and  political  tyranny, 
it  seemed  indeed  most  fitting  that  the  representatives  of  this 
great  association  for  securing  freedom  to  all,  should  come  to¬ 
gether  under  the  roof  of  one  of  these  old  Friends.  One  felt  as 
if  the  ancient  door-latch  should  lift,  and  Aunt  Hannah,  the 
wise  and  gentle  Quaker  preacher,  should  glide  in  and  take  her 
seat  among  these  other  women  whom  the  Spirit  also  had 
moved.  But  the  most  remarkable  feature  of  this  unique  occa¬ 
sion  was  that  the  woman  presiding  over  the  deliberations  of 
this  body  of  reformers,  should  have  carried  on  her  childish 
games  in  this  very  room,  seventy-five  years  before,  and  list¬ 
ened  with  awe  to  parents  and  grandparents  as  they  discussed 
the  burning  questions  of  intemperance,  slavery  and  religious 
intolerance. 

An  unseasonable  storm  of  several  days’  duration  had  made 
it  necessary  to  transfer  the  meeting  of  the  Historical  Society  to 
the  pavilion  in  Plunkett’s  Park.  The  ladies  of  Adams  and 


942 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


vicinity,  with  Mrs.  Susan  Anthony  Brown  at  their  head, 
had  prepared  a  bountiful  luncheon  for  the  officers  of  the  soci¬ 
ety  and  the  fifty  invited  guests,  and  here,  at  noon  on  July  29, 
Miss  Anthony  sat  at  the  upper  end  of  the  long  table  with  Rev. 
Anna  Shaw  on  one  hand  and  Rev.  A.  B.  Whipple  on  the 
other.  At  the  conclusion  of  the  luncheon,  the  officers  and 
speakers  took  seats  on  the  stage  in  the  large  pavilion,  which 
soon  was  filled  with  an  audience  that  had  come  from  Williams- 
town,  North  Adams,  Pittsfield,  Great  Barrington,  Lee  and 
other  surrounding  towns.  The  Adams  Freeman  said:  “If 
the  group  of  women  speakers  were  brilliant,  the  audience  that 
honored  them,  while  less  so  perhaps  in  renown,  was  equal  in 
intellectual  attainments.  It  was  a  cultured  assembly,  includ¬ 
ing  the  most  progressive  people  of  Berkshire.”  1 

In  a  few  words  of  welcome  Rev.  Louis  Zahner,  the  Episco¬ 
pal  minister,  spoke  of  the  Anthony  family  as  having  laid  the 
foundations  of  the  schools,  the  industries  and  the  prosperity  of 
Adams,  and  of  the  community’s  indebtedness  to  them  for  the 
best  it  has  today.  Mr.  Whipple,  in  a  cordial  address,  then 
intioduced  Miss  Anthony  and  placed  the  meeting  in  her 
charge.  Can  any  pen  describe  her  pride  and  happiness  in  re¬ 
turning  thus  to  the  loved  home  of  her  birth  and  childhood,  to 
meet  this  warm  and  appreciative  welcome  and  to  introduce  in 
turn  her  cabinet  of  eminent  women  ? 

After  relating  some  very  interesting  recollections  of  her  an¬ 
cestors  and  of  early  events,  which  were  especially  appreciated 
by  the  old  residents,  she  introduced  Mrs.  Carrie  Chapman 
Catt,  who  said  in  the  course  of  a  graceful  address  : 

There  is  no  citizen  of  this  great  nation  who  would  not  be  delighted  with  the 
privilege  of  visiting  these  Berkshire  hills,  famed  for  their  beauty,  but  it  is  not 
because  of  this  that  most  of  us  have  made  this  pilgrimage  to  Adams ;  rather 
have  we  come  with  much  of  that  spirit  which  led  the  thousands  upon  thou¬ 
sands  of  Christians  in  the  early  centuries  to  Jerusalem,  or  which  later 
prompted  thousands  of  Mohammedans  to  make  their  pilgrimage  to  the  city 

of  Mecca.  We  have  come  to  Adams  because  it  is  the  birthplace  of  the 
greatest  woman  of  our  time. 

1  There  were  present  also  reporters  from  the  New  York  Sun,  New  York  World,  Springfield 
Republican,  Rochester  Democrat  and  Chronicle,  and  other  papers. 


AT  THE  OLD  HOMESTEAD,  JULY  30,  1897. 


HOME  LIFE - THE  REUNION - THE  WOMAN. 


943 


Many  centuries  ago,  on  the  15th  of  February,  there  was  born  a  man  whose 
name  is  familiar  to  every  school-child  throughout  the  civilized  world,  and 
yet  that  man  never  knew  a  happy  day.  He  was  reviled,  persecuted,  mar¬ 
tyred,  tried,  condemned,  and  died  sorrowful  and  broken-hearted.  And  what 
was  his  offense  ?  He  declared  that  this  earth  turned  upon  its  axis  and  that 
it  moved  around  the  sun.  There  were  no  newspapers  in  that  day,  but  every 
pulpit  thundered  its  denunciation  against  the  great  Galileo.  When  he  was 
condemned  to  die  he  was  compelled  to  renounce  this  belief,  but  under  his 
breath  he  said,  “The  world  does  move!  ”  A  century  after  he  had  gone,  not 
a  pulpit  in  Christendom,  not  a  scholar,  was  there  but  knew  that  he  had  told 
the  truth. 

It  is  a  curious  coincidence  that  upon  the  anniversary  of  the  birthday  of 
Galileo  there  was  born  Susan  B.  Anthony.  She  also  perceived  a  great  truth 
and  the  world  did  not  agree  with  her.  It  reviled  her  for  the  belief  she  had 
propounded,  but  in  this  century  she  never  renounced  that  belief,  but  thun¬ 
dered  back  to  the  pulpit  and  to  the  newspapers  that  the  wrorld  does  move 
and  the  time  will  come  when  women  shall  be  free ;  the  time  will  come  when 
they  shall  have  every  right,  every  privilege,  every  liberty  which  any  man 
enjoys.  .  .  .  We,  today,  are  making  the  first  pilgrimage  to  the  birthplace 

of  Susan  B.  Anthony,  but  I  prophesy  that  in  another  quarter  of  a  century 
there  will  be  many  pilgrimages  hither,  and  no  child  will  be  so  illiterate  as  not 
to  know  that  in  this  county  it  was  this  greatest  of  American  women  was 
born. 

Mrs.  Rachel  Foster  Avery  followed  with  an  entertaining  ac¬ 
count  of  her  trip  abroad  with  Miss  Anthony  and  the  latter’s 
utter  indifference  to  the  titles  of  the  nobility.  As  she  never 
could  get  them  right  she  discarded  all  of  them  and  insisted  on 
calling  everybody  plain  “Mr.”  and  “Mrs.”  She  then  re¬ 
lated  this  incident: 

We  had  in  our  party  for  a  few  weeks  a  couple  of  English  ladies.  When 
driving  in  Rome,  one  of  them,  a  great  dame  of  noble  lineage,  was  admiring 
an  old  palace  belonging  to  some  very  ancient  Roman  family  and  made  the 
statement  that  this  same  family  owned  five  other  famous  palaces  in  Italy. 
Miss  Anthony  seemed  to  be  making  a  mental  calculation,  and  finally  said 
with  enthusiasm,  “What  a  magnificent  orphan  asylum  that  would  make.” 

“  Why,  Miss  Anthony,  do  you  mean  that  you  would  actually  turn  the  home 
of  this  old  family  into  an  orphan  asylum?” 

“Yes,”  said  she,  “  I  think  about  700  of  these  little  ragamuffins  could  be  put 
in  there.  Think  of  the  streets  just  full  of  them,  and  all  these  big  houses  vacant ! 
I  don’t  see  a  better  use  to  which  these  old  palaces  could  be  put.” 

Mrs.  Upton  in  her  bright,  humorous  way  related  some  amus¬ 
ing  stories  which  she  had  heard  from  her  ancestors,  who  were 
born  in  Berkshire,  and  adroitly  turned  them  into  an  argument 


944 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


for  woman  suffrage.  A  beautiful  poem  was  read,  entitled 
“  Pioneers/’  dedicated  to  Miss  Anthony  by  her  old  friend  John 
M.  Thayer,  of  Rochester.  Col.  D.  R.  Anthony  created  great 
mirth  by  telling  among  other  stories  that  eighty  years  ago  his 
father  had  a  cotton  mill  of  twenty-six  looms;  one  day  all  of 
them  suddenly  stopped  and,  rushing  out  to  ascertain  the  cause, 
he  found  that  his  wife,  in  rinsing  her  mop  in  the  stream,  had 
stopped  the  power  which  moved  the  machinery!  He  then  re¬ 
ferred  to  the  Plunkett  factories  with  2,600  looms,  and  the  other 
great  mills  of  Adams,  as  illustrating  the  progress  of  the  cen¬ 
tury.  In  an  address  which  glowed  with  beauty  and  eloquence, 
Mrs.  May  Wright  Sewall  thus  compared  Miss  Anthony’s  char¬ 
acter  with  the  scenes  amidst  which  she  was  born: 

We,  who  own  and  follow  our  general,  know  that  she  goes  where  Liberty 
leads,  where  Justice  calls,  wdiere  Love  whispers  his  divine  commands;  and 
we  have  found  in  her  the  gravity  of  your  stately  mountains,  the  yearning  for 
freedom  of  your  lofty  hills  lifted  toward  the  sky  spaces.  We  have  found  in 
her  the  impetuosity  of  your  mountain  streams,  which,  fretting  against  narrow 
bounds,  broke  through  them,  widening  and  widening  ever  the  channel  of  the 
life  of  American  womanhood;  and  so  we,  who  love  appropriateness,  gaze 
with  delight  upon  this  scenery,  the  environment  of  her  infancy  and  the 
nurturing  influence  of  her  childhood,  as  a  fine  illustration  of  the  eternal  fit¬ 
ness  of  things. 

One  of  tbe  most  exquisite  addresses  of  the  day  was  made  by 
Mrs.  Clara  B.  Colby,  who  said  in  part: 

Miss  Anthony’s  love  of  justice  links  her  with  the  divine.  This  has  been 
her  impelling  motive,  and  her  patient  endurance  has  been  the  secret  of  her 
success.  No  matter  how  keen  might  have  been  her  sense  of  the  injustice 
done  to  women,  no  matter  how  courageously  she  might  have  set  out  to  right 
the  wrong,  had  she  lacked  endurance,  she  had  never  been  the  one  to  lead  us 
to  victory.  As  justice  is  the  root  of  the  tree  of  character,  and  patience  the 
stalk  from  which  all  growth  proceeds,  so  tenderness  is  the  outflowering  of 
the  divinity  within.  By  her  tenderness  Miss  Anthony  has  made  herself 
loved  where  she  might  have  only  been  honored. 

It  was  perhaps  the  drop  hardest  to  swallow  from  the  cup  of  bitterness  which 
was  ever  pressed  to  the  lips  of  the  early  woman  suffragists,  that  they  were 
destroyers  of  the  home.  To  Miss  Anthony,  the  home  and  kindred-lover — 
homeless  only  for  the  sake  of  the  homes  of  the  mother-half  of  the  race — this 
must  have  been  especially  hard  to  bear.  There  are  such  all  over  the  land 
where  she  has  been  a  tender  and  sympathetic  friend  and  where  she  is  en¬ 
shrined  in  the  hearts  of  the  homekeepers.  .  .  .  Thus  Miss  Anthony, 


HOME  LIFE - THE  REUNION - THE  WOMAN. 


945 


justice-loving,  patient  and  tender,  has  erected  for  herself  a  lasting  monument 
in  the  hearts  of  the  women  of  this  nation.  May  the  time  be  long  deferred 
when  she  shall  pass  from  the  leadership  of  her  now  triumphant  host,  but 
when  that  day  comes,  let  there  be,  as  she  has  enjoined  upon  us,  no  tears,  but 
only  glad  thankfulness  for  a  great  life-work  wrought  in  courage,  fidelity  and 
tenderness. 

Mrs.  Colby  urged  tlie  Historical  Society  to  purchase  the  old 
homestead,  if  possible,  as  a  depository  not  only  for  relics  of 
the  Anthony  family  but  for  mementoes  of  suffrage  work  and 
workers.  No  report  ever  can  give  an  adequate  idea  of  the  elo¬ 
quence  of  Anna  Shaw,  so  artistically  diversified  by  delicious 
bits  of  humor  and  keen  points  of  satire.  A  portion  of  her 
address  was  as  follows  : 

Amidst  all  the  eulogy  which  has  surrounded  Miss  Anthony  this  afternoon, 
her  brother  said  to  me,  “  Don’t  you  think  they  will  turn  Susan’s  head?  ”  I 
answered,  “  No,  she  has  had  so  many  years  of  misrepresentation  and  abuse 
that  if  they  keep  on  eulogizing  her  as  long  as  she  lives,  it  won’t  balance  the 
other  side.”  There  is  no  danger  in  this  world  that  the  leader  of  an  unpopu¬ 
lar  cause  ever  will  die  of  overpraise,  for,  in  America  as  in  Jerusalem,  the 
prophets  of  God  have  always  been  received  with  stones.  We  who  know  her 
best  love  her  most,  and  to  me  the  truest  and  deepest  love  of  my  existence, 
since  my  mother  entered  the  life  beyond,  is  that  which  I  cherish  for  Susan 
B.  Anthony. 

The  remonstrants  today  tell  us  that  our  movement  will  destroy  the  affec¬ 
tionate  tenderness  of  the  womanly  nature  and  unsex  woman  until  she  be¬ 
comes  a  weak  man.  I  believe  in  men,  and  I  do  not  believe  that  all  the  love, 
the  tenderness,  the  power  to  sacrifice  is  feminine.  I  believe  that  the  love  of 
man  is  as  true  and  deep  and  tender  as  the  love  of  woman.  I  will  not  accept 
the  theory  that  “man  is  the  head”  and  “woman  is  the  heart.”  I  believe 
that  when  God  created  head  and  heart  for  the  human  race  He  divided  them 
equally  and  gave  man  his  part  and  woman  hers,  and  both  have  kept  their 
own  all  the  way  down  the  centuries. 

The  part  of  Miss  Anthony’s  life  which  is  dearest  to  us  is  that  into  which 
she  has  admitted  the  few  who  belong  to  the  sacred  inner  circle,  who 
have  seen  her  toil,  her  suffering,  her  soul’s  anguish  and  travail  for  the  free¬ 
dom,  the  larger  growth,  the  diviner  possibilities  of  womanhood;  and  if  there 
is  any  evidence  that  living  in  the  world,  working  for  its  uplift,  does  not 
destroy  this  trait  in  human  character,  it  is  shown  in  the  life  of  Miss  Anthony. 
There  is  no  human  being  whom  I  have  ever  known  who  had  more  tender¬ 
ness  for  the  erring  and  greater  willingness  to  overlook  the  frailties  of  human 
life.  In  this  she  shows  that  contact  with  the  most  disagreeable  side  of  the  re¬ 
former’s  work,  makes  the  real  woman  not  less  but  more  womanly.  I  believe 
that  if  the  principles  which  she  advocates,  the  ideals  for  which  she  stands,  were 
Ant. — 60 


946 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


embodied  in  all  womankind,  we  would  have  a  motherhood  diviner  than  any 
this  world  has  ever  known,  a  motherhood  such  as  God  had  in  his  thought 
when  he  created  woman  to  be  the  mother  of  the  race.  .  .  . 

It  is  not  a  name  we  love  today,  it  is  not  a  person  we  revere,  but  a  great, 
an  ideal  life  of  a  woman  who  has  battled  with  the  world,  who  has  been  mis¬ 
understood,  who  has  borne  its  scorn,  who  has  been  ostracised,  and  who,  in 
the  midst  of  all,  has  kept  her  life  sweet,  her  heart  young,  her  love  tender; 
and  when  the  best  thing  shall  be  said  of  her  which  men  and  women  can  say, 
it  will  be — she  was  true,  she  was  noble,  she  was  woman. 

The  day  after  the  meeting  of  the  Historical  Society,  occurred 
the  Anthony  Reunion  at  the  old  homestead,  when  eighty  of  the 
clan  sat  down  at  the  long  tables  spread  in  grandfather’s  room, 
the  keeping-room  and  the  weaving-room ;  and  what  a  dinner 
the  famous  cooks  of  the  Anthony-Lapham-Read-Richardson 
families  had  prepared  for  this  great  occasion  !  Not  the  least 
important  features  were  the  eighteen  apple-pies  eaten  with  the 
world-renowned  Berkshire  cheese ;  and  then  the  sweet  bread 
and  butter,  the  fried  chicken,  the  baked  beans,  the  rich  pre¬ 
serves  and  cream,  the  delicious  cake — but  why  attempt  to 
describe  a  New  England  dinner  prepared  by  New  England 
women  ?  Those  who  have  eaten  know  what  it  is  ;  those  who 
have  not,  can  not  be  made  to  understand. 

Where  Susan  B.  Anthony  sat  was  the  head  of  the  table;  at 
her  right  hand,  the  brother  Daniel  R.;  at  her  left,  the  brother 
Merritt ;  and  close  by,  the  quiet,  smiling  sister  Mary  ;  and  then 
all  along  down  the  line,  the  cousins,  the  nephews,  the  nieces, 
three  and  four  generations,  who  had  joined  so  heartily  with 
her  for  the  success  of  this  rare  occasion.  Before  the  dinner 
began,  Miss  Anthony  asked  that,  in  accordance  with  the  cus¬ 
tom  of  their  ancestors,  there  might  be  a  moment  of  silent 
thanks  ;  and  at  the  close  of  the  meal,  when  the  chatter  and 
mirth  were  stilled,  she  arose  and  in  touching  words  paid  tri¬ 
bute  to  the  loved  and  gone  who  once  blessed  these  rooms  by 
their  presence.  She  then  called  upon  the  representatives  of 
the  different  branches,  old  and  young,  who,  in  prose  or  poetry, 
with  wit  or  pathos,  made  delightful  response. 

After  all  had  finished  they  adjourned  to  the  dooryard  and  a 
reception  commenced  which  even  the  roomy  old  house  could 


THE  QUAKER  MEETING  HOUSE,  ADAMS,  MASS. 

1  50  Years  Old.  Several  Members  of  the  Anthony  Family  in  the  Group  of  Pioneers. 


HOME  LIFE - THE  REUNION - THE  WOMAN. 


947 


not  have  accommodated.  For  several  hours  a  long  line  of 
carriages  wound  up  the  hill — the  people  of  Adams  and  vicinity 
coming  to  pay  respect  to  their  illustrious  townswoman  and  her 
relatives  and  friends.  The  immediate  members  of  the  family 
were  photographed  in  a  group  on  the  old  porch,  as  was  also 
the  dinner  party  gathered  in  the  historic  dooryard.  The  moun¬ 
tain  air  was  sweet  and  invigorating,  and  the  view  in  every 
direction  most  enchanting.  A  more  picturesque  spot  scarcely 
can  be  imagined :  in  front,  the  long  range  of  Berkshire  hills, 
a  spur  of  the  Green  mountains  of  Vermont  whose  faint  out¬ 
lines  are  visible  in  the  distance;  at  the  back,  glorious  ((  Old 
Greylock,”  the  highest  peak  in  the  State;  at  the  right,  the 
steep,  winding  road  leading  down  to  the  village  a  mile  below, 
through  a  ravine  perfectly  bewildering  in  its  beauty  of  over¬ 
hanging  trees,  moss-grown  rocks  and  fern-bordered  brook 
tumbling  over  the  massive  boulders  in  its  rapid  descent  to  join 
the  Hoosac;  and  then  united  they  flow  through  the  pretty 
town  of  Adams,  turning  the  countless  wheels  of  the  great  mills 
and  factories. 

The  next  day  after  the  reunion  a  merry  party  of  thirty,  the 
guests  of  a  cousin,  William  Anthony,  started  in  two  great 
coaches,  each  drawn  by  six  horses,  for  the  all-day  trip  to  the 
top  of  Mount  Greylock.  The  gayest  and  happiest  of  them  all 
was  Miss  Anthony,  with  her  red  shawl  over  her  shoulders,  and 
her  heart  as  light  as  when  she  used  to  climb  these  mountain¬ 
sides,  a  little,  barefooted  girl,  more  than  seventy  years  ago. 
Several  days  thereafter  were  spent  visiting  the  pleasant  homes 
of  the  relatives,  and  going  with  her  friends  to  point  out  the 
various  places  of  interest.  Every  spot  connected  with  her  early 
life  was  as  sacred  to  them  as  it  was  dear  to  her.  Together  they 
went  to  the  deserted  Quaker  meeting  house,  a  century  and  a 
half  old,  and  were  shown  the  very  spot  where  sat  the  grand¬ 
father,  the  father,  mother  and  little  ones  ;  and  the  raised  bench 
occupied  by  the  grandmother,  who  was  a  “  high-seat  Quaker/’ 
and  Aunt  Hannah  Hoxie,  the  preacher.  They  strolled  through 
the  little  graveyard,  with  its  lines  of  unmarked  mounds.  They 
visited  the  site  of  the  old  mill,  built  by  Daniel  Anthony  at  the 


948 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


very  beginning  of  tlie  manufacturing  industry,  where  now 
only  a  few  sunken  stones  mark  the  foundation.  They  rested 
beneath  the  great  trees  which  stand  like  sentinels  in  front  of 
the  girlhood  home  of  the  mother,  the  house  long  since  crum¬ 
bled  away.  They  gazed  curiously  at  the  ancient  Bowen’s 
Tavern,  the  favorite  stopping-place  of  the  mountaineers  in 
early  days. 

And  then  they  went  with  Miss  Anthony  into  her  own  old 
home.  They  stepped  reverently  into  the  very  room  where  she 
was  born.  They  climbed  to  the  garret  and  she  pointed  out  the 
exact  spot  by  the  tiny  window  where  she  used  to  sit  with  her 
simple  playthings.  They  stood  with  her  by  the  little  stream 
which  still  ran  merrily  through  the  dooryard,  and  listened 
with  misty  eyes  as  she  recalled  many  touching  incidents  of 
days  long  past ;  but,  however  her  own  heart  might  have 
ached  with  tender  recollections,  there  were  no  words  of  vain 
longing,  no  useless  tears  for  those  who  had  fulfilled  their  mis¬ 
sion  and  passed  away,  leaving  to  her  their  legacy  of  hope  and 
courage  and  determination.  Strong,  brave  and  cheerful,  she 
honored  the  memory  of  the  dead  in  showing  herself  by  her 
works  to  be  the  worthy  descendant  of  a  noble  race.  And  here, 
where  the  story  of  this  pure,  single-hearted,  self-sacrificing 
life  began,  it  shall  be  ended. 


The  usual  fate  of  reformers  is  “  praise  when  the  ear  has 
grown  too  dull  to  hear,  fame  when  the  heart  it  should  have 
thrilled  is  numb.”  Seldom  it  is,  indeed,  that  they  live  to  see 
the  fulfillment  of  the  end  for  which  they  labored,  and  even 
recognition  usually  is  deferred  until  it  can  be  given  only  to  a 
memory,  but  there  are  a  few  happy  exceptions.  While  true 
reformers  seek  no  personal  reward,  those  who  love  them  re¬ 
joice  when  they  are  spared  to  receive  the  honors  they  have 
earned.  Susan  B.  Anthony’s  self-imposed  task,  for  almost 
half  a  century,  has  been  to  secure  equal  rights  for  women — 
social,  civil  and  political.  When  she  began  her  crusade, 
woman  in  social  life  was  “  cabin’d,  cribb’d,  confined,”  to  an 
extent  which  scarcely  can  be  conceived  by  the  present  inde- 


HOME  LIFE - THE  REUNION - THE  WOMAN.  949 

pendent  and  self-reliant  generation  ;  in  law  she  was  but  little 
better  than  a  slave  ;  in  politics,  a  mere  cipher.  Today  in  so¬ 
ciety  she  has  practically  unlimited  freedom  ;  in  the  business 
world  most  of  the  obstacles  have  been  removed  ;  the  laws, 
although  still  unjust  in  many  respects,  have  been  revolution¬ 
ized  in  her  favor  ;  in  four  States  women  have  the  full  franchise, 
in  one  the  municipal  ballot,  in  twenty-five  a  vote  on  school 
questions,  and  in  four  others  some  form  of  suffrage  ;  while  in 
each  campaign  their  recognition  as  a  political  factor  grows 
more  marked.  Miss  Anthony’s  part  in  securing  these  conces¬ 
sions  may  be  judged  from  the  record  of  these  pages.  She  is 
the  only  woman  who  has  given  her  whole  time  and  effort  to 
this  one  end,  with  no  division  of  interest  in  behalf  of  husband 
and  children,  no  diversion  of  other  public  questions.  Is  there 
an  example  in  all  history  of  either  man  or  woman  who  devoted 
half  a  century  of  the  hardest,  most  persistent  labor  for  one  re¬ 
form  ? 

“  Of  the  dead  naught  shall  be  spoken  except  good,”  is  a  rule 
so  universally  observed  that  post  mortem  compliments  have 
little  weight,  but  when  beautiful  things  are  said  of  those  who 
still  live  and  toil,  they  are  full  of  meaning.  Not  only  is  it  a 
delight  to  her  contemporaries,  but  it  will  be  a  pleasure  to  future 
generations  who  shall  read  her  history,  that  Miss  Anthony 
lived  to  receive  her  meed  of  appreciation.  While  not  all  of 
even  the  enlightened  minds  of  today  have  progressed  far 
enough  to  accept  her  doctrine  of  perfect  equality,  which  will 
be  universally  admitted  by  the  next  generation,  there  are  few 
who  do  not  recognize  and  honor  the  splendid  character  of  the 
woman  and  the  service  she  has  rendered.  Just  as  these  clos¬ 
ing  words  are  being  written,  the  State  superintendent  of  pub¬ 
lic  works,  George  W.  Aldridge,  announces  that  he  has  ordered 
her  face  to  be  carved  in  the  Capitol  at  Albany,  one  of  the  mag¬ 
nificent  public  buildings  of  the  world.  Here,  wrought  in  imper¬ 
ishable  stone,  amidst  those  of  the  country’s  greatest  warriors 
and  statesmen,  it  will  look  down  forever  upon  that  grand  stair¬ 
case  whose  marble  steps  were  so  many  times  pressed  by  her 


950 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY . 


weary  feet,  as  she  made  her  annual  pilgrimage  to  plead  for 
liberty. 

The  sweetest  strains  in  this  great  oratorio  are  the  tributes 
of  women  voicing  their  love  and  gratitude.  They  come  from 
those  in  all  the  walks  of  life,  and  a  distinguishing  feature  is 
that  they  who  have  known  her  longest  and  best  are  most 
loyal  and  devoted.  The  secret  of  this  is  perfectly  expressed 
by  May  Wright  Sewall,  when  she  says  : 

Mortals  with  all  their  consciousness  of  their  own  infirmities  are  exacting 
of  one  another.  It  is  a  proof  of  the  infinite  possibilities  involved  in  the  human 
soul,  and  a  foundation  for  the  infinite  hope  which  sustains  us,  that  we  are 
satisfied  with  nothing  less  than  perfection  in  other  people.  Is  a  woman 
great?  To  please  us  she  must  be  also  good.  Is  a  woman  both  great  and  good? 
We  are  not  satisfied  unless  she  be  likewise  loving  and  lovable.  No  one  can 
come  near  to  the  life  of  Miss  Anthony  without  realizing  how  responsive  she 
is  to  personal  needs ;  how  lively  in  her  sympathies ;  how  instinctive  her  out- 
reaching  of  the  helping  hand.  The  same  fidelity  and  single-minded  loyalty 
which  have  characterized  her  public  career,  distinguish  her  in  all  private 
relations.  Others  may  forget  us  in  our  griefs,  she  never  forgets.  Others  may 
forget  us  in  our  pleasures,  she  never  forgets. 

It  is  indeed  true  that  Miss  Anthony  never  forgets.  In  her 
letters  to  hundreds  of  people,  she  recollects  always  to  send  a 
message  to  the  different  members  of  the  family,  to  refer  to 
some  agreeable  incident  of  their  acquaintance,  and  to  express 
either  pleasure  or  regret  over  personal  affairs  which  any  one 
else  would  have  failed  to  remember  amidst  such  a  pressure  of 
work  and  responsibility. 

After  an  unbroken  friendship  of  twenty-five  years,  Frances 
E.  Willard,  herself  one  of  the  grandest  women  of  the  century, 
paid  this  beautiful  tribute  in  December,  1897  : 

Ever  since  I  “  came  to  myself”  my  love  and  loyalty  have  enveloped  the 
name,  Susan  B.  Anthony.  I  look  upon  her  as  that  figure  full  of  courage,  re¬ 
source  and  dignity  which  will  yet  be  enshrined  in  the  admiring  affection  of 
the  whole  republic,  even  as  it  already  has  been  for  so  long  in  that  of  thought¬ 
ful  women.  Others  have  done  nobly  and  we  count  over  their  names  with 
devout  remembrance  and  gratitude,  but  Susan  B.  Anthony  by  reason  of  her 
heroic  self-sacrifice,  her  lonely  life,  her  changeless  devotion,  her  disregard 
for  money  and  position,  her  concentration  of  purpose  and  universal  good 
will,  has  made  for  herself  a  place  on  the  highest  pedestal  in  America’s  pan¬ 
theon  of  women. 


HOME  LIFE - THE  REUNION - THE  WOMAN. 


951 


We  do  not  forget  “  the  slings  and  arrows  ”  of  the  earlier  time,  now  that 
she  is  justly  honored  in  these  years  of  greater  intelligence  and  progress ;  we 
do  not  forget  that  high  sense  of  personal  integrity  which  led  her  to  pay  off 
the  debts  on  The  Revolution,  although  no  legal  obligation  rested  upon  her 
to  do  so ;  we  do  not  forget  her  testing  of  an  unjust  law  in  the  great  “  case  ”  in 
Rochester;  we  do  not  forget  that  (jointly  writh  her  great  associate,  Mrs.  Stan¬ 
ton)  she  prepared  for  us  that  invaluable  historic  record  of  the  suffrage  move¬ 
ment  from  its  earliest  inception ;  we  do  not  forget  the  untiring  labors  which 
have  carried  her,  from  youth  to  age,  into  every  nook  and  corner  of  the  Union ; 
and  many  of  us  are  cognizant  of  unnumbered  acts  of  personal  kindness  to¬ 
ward  women  in  need  who  cherish  her  as  if  she  were  their  sister  or  their 
mother.  Although  the  press  once  misrepresented  her,  it  would  hardly  ven¬ 
ture  to  do  so  now,  for  her  standing  with  the  public  is  such  that  not  to  know 
Miss  Anthony  argues  one’s  self  unknown,  and  to  vilify  her  argues  one’s  self 
a  villain. 

Blessed  Sister  Susan,  accept  the  homage  of  one  whom  you  have  cheered 
and  comforted,  and  who  rejoices  to  believe  that  the  loving  friendship  begun 
here  shall  grow  and  deepen  in  the  bright  light  of  that  happier  world  where 
there  is  no  injustice,  and  where  we  have  abundant  reason  to  believe  that 
women  will  stand  on  a  plane  of  perfect  equality. 

A  number  of  years  ago,  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  in  her  own 
unsurpassed  beauty  of  language,  said : 

I  will  attempt  no  analysis  of  one  as  dear  to  me  as  those  of  my  own  house¬ 
hold.  In  an  intimate  friendship  of  many  years,  without  a  break  or  shadow ; 
in  daily  consultation,  sometimes  for  months  together  under  the  same  roof, 
often  in  circumstances  of  great  trial  and  perplexity,  I  can  truly  say  that 
Susan  B.  Anthony  is  the  most  charitable,  self-reliant,  magnanimous  human 
being  that  I  ever  knew. 

As  I  recall  the  honesty  and  heroism  of  her  public  life ;  her  tenderness  and 
generous  self-sacrifice  to  friends  in  private ;  her  spontaneous  good  will  towards 
her  worst  enemies,  a  new  hope  kindles  within  me  for  womankind — a  hope  that 

Saving  some  high  purpose  to  their  lives,  all  women  may  be  lifted  above 
the  petty  envy,  jealousy,  malice  and  discontent  that  now  poison  so  many 
hearts  which  might,  in  healthy  action,  overflow  with  love  and  helpfulness  to 
all  humanity.  Miss  Anthony’s  grand  life  is  a  lesson  to  all  unmarried  women, 
showing  that  the  love-element  need  not  be  "wholly  lost  if  it  is  not  centeied  on 
husband  and  children.  To  live  for  a  principle,  for  the  triumph  of  some 
reform  by  which  all  mankind  are  to  be  lifted  up— to  be  wedded  to  an  idea- 
may  be,  after  all,  the  holiest  and  happiest  of  marriages. 

In  tlie  twilight  of  age,  when  Mrs.  Stanton  prepared  for 
future  generations  the  Reminiscences  of  her  life  and  work  of 
fourscore  years,  she  wrote  to  her  old  fiiend  .  The  cunent  of 
our  lives  has  run  in  the  same  channel  so  long  it  can  not  be 


952 


LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 


separated,  and  my  book  is  as  much  your  story  as,  I  doubt  not, 
yours  is  mine;”  and  when  it  was  ended  she  placed  upon  it 
the  inscription,  “  I  dedicate  this  volume  to  Susan  B.  Anthony, 
my  steadfast  friend  for  half  a  century.” 

Steadfast!  No  other  word  so  fitly  defines  the  keystone  of 
the  arch  of  noble  attributes  upon  which  this  heroic  life  is 
founded — as  constant  to  a  principle  as  to  a  friendship.  There 
is  nothing  of  the  martyr  in  Miss  Anthony’s  nature  and  she 
refuses  to  consider  herself  in  the  light  of  a  vicarious  sacrifice. 
“I  do  not  look  back  upon  a  hard  life,”  she  says;  “  I  have 
been  continually  at  work  because  I  enjoyed  being  busy.  Had 
this  never-ending  toil  made  me  wretched  in  mind  or  body,  I 
have  no  doubt  that  in  some  way  I  should  have  gotten  out  of 
it.”  “What  thanks  did  you  receive  for  the  stand  you  made?” 
once  was  asked  her.  “  I  had  my  own  thanks  for  retaining  my 
self-respect,”  was  the  reply.  Again  one  inquired,  “Did  you 
not  grow  discouraged  in  those  olden  times  ?  ”  “Never,”  she 
answered  ;  “I  knew  that  my  cause  was  just,  and  I  wras  always 
in  good  company.”  Her  character,  instead  of  growing  embit¬ 
tered  by  the  hard  experiences  of  early  days,  has  been  sweetened 
and  strengthened  by  the  high  moral  purpose  which  has 
dominated  her  life.  She  is  a  philanthropist  in  her  love  of 
mankind  and  her  work  for  humanity,  but  she  is  governed  by 
philosophy  rather  than  emotion,  ever  examining  causes  and 
effects  by  the  pure  light  of  reason  and  logic. 

Susan  B.  Anthony  has  been  called  the  Napoleon  of  the 
woman  suffrage  movement  and,  in  the  planning  of  campaigns 
and  the  boldness  and  daring  of  carrying  them  forward,  there 
may  be  the  qualities  of  that  famous  general,  but  in  character 
and  principles  the  comparison  fails  utterly.  She  has  been 
termed  the  Gladstone  among  women,  and  in  statesmanlike 
ability  and  long  years  of  distinguished  service,  there  may  be 
points  of  resemblance,  but  she  would  repudiate  the  sacrifice  of 
justice  to  party  expediency,  oftentimes  charged  against  the 
noted  English  politician.  It  has  been  said  that  she  has  been 
the  great  Liberator  of  women,  as  Lincoln  was  of  the  negroes. 
There  is  indeed  something  in  her  countenance  and  manner 


HOME  LIFE - THE  REUNION - THE  WOMAN.  953 

which  reminds  one  of  Lincoln,  the  same  unconscious  dignity, 
the  same  rugged  endurance,  the  same  strong,  resolute  face, 
softened  by  lines  of  weariness  and  care  and  spiritualized  by  an 
expression  of  infinite  patience  and  indescribable  pathos.  She 
has  not,  however,  the  conservatism,  the  forbearance,  the  rev¬ 
erence  for  existing  laws  and  constitutions,  which  made  Lincoln 
slow  to  act  and  tolerant  almost  to  the  point  of  criticism. 

She  has  been  described  as  being  to  the  cause  of  woman's 
emancipation,  what  Garrison  was  to  that  of  the  slave.  She 
has,  perhaps,  more  of  the  characteristics  of  Garrison  than  of 
the  other  three  conspicuous  figures  of  the  century.  His  motto, 
“No  Compromise,”  has  been  her  watchword.  Like  Garrison, 
she  strikes  a  body-blow  straight  from  the  shoulder.  She  recog¬ 
nizes  no  such  word  as  expediency  and  accepts  no  halfway 
measures.  Theoretically  a  non-resistant,  she  fights  to  the  last 
ditch  and  never  accepts  a  defeat  as  final.  She  has  the  natural 
gift  of  selecting  always  the  strongest  word,  and  the  power  of 
carrying  conviction  to  her  audience.  She  is  conventional  in 
outward  observances,  but  most  radical  in  thought  and  speech. 
She  detests  all  forms  of  cruelty  and  oppression,  but  it  is  the 
action,  not  the  person,  that  she  censures,  and  she  is  most 
charitable  in  excuses  for  the  faults  and  failings  of  others.  She 
bears  the  ills  of  life  with  cheerful  fortitude,  and  accepts  the 
blessings  with  fine  humility.  There  is  no  need  of  comparison. 
She  has  her  own  strong  individuality,  which  has  made  its  in¬ 
delible  impress  upon  history  and  secured  for  her  a  place  among 
the  immortals.  Now,  in  life’s  evening,  her  world  is  illumined 
with  the  beauty  of  a  sunset  undimmed  by  clouds — and  as  she 
contemplates  the  infinite,  she  takes  no  heed  of  the  gathering 
darkness  of  night,  but  looking  into  a  clear  sky  beholds  only 
the  ineffable  glory  of  other  spheres. 


APPENDIX. 


(955) 


. 


Chapter  XIV — Page  229. 


ADDRESS  TO  PRESIDENT  LINCOLN. 

Adopted  by  the  Women’s  National  Loyal  League ,  May  14,  1863. 

.  .  .  We  ask  not  for  ourselves  or  our  friends  redress  of  specific  griev¬ 

ances  or  posts  of  honor  or  emolument.  We  speak  from  no  considerations  of 
mere  material  gain ;  but,  inspired  by  true  patriotism,  in  this  dark  hour  of  our 
nation’s  destiny,  we  comejto  pledge  the  loyal  women  of  the  Republic  to  free¬ 
dom  and  our  country.  We  come  to  strengthen  you  with  earnest  words  of 
sympathy  and  encouragement.  We  come  to  thank  you  for  your  proclama¬ 
tion,  in  which  the  nineteenth  century  seems  to  echo  back  the  Declaration  of 
Seventy-six.  Our  fathers  had  a  vision  of  the  sublime  idea  of  liberty,  equality 
and  fraternity;  but  they  failed  to  climb  the  heights  which  with  anointed  eyes 
they  saw.  To  us,  their  children,  belongs  the  work  to  build  up  the  living 
reality  of  wrhat  they  conceived  and  uttered.  It  is  not  our  mission  to  criticise 
the  past.  Nations,  like  individuals,  must  blunder  and  repent.  It  is  not  wise 
to  waste  our  energy  in  vain  regret,  but  from  each  failure  we  should  rise  up  with 
renewed  conscience  and  courage  for  nobler  action.  The  follies  and  faults  of 
yesterday  w'e  cast  aside  as  the  old  garments  we  have  outgrown.  Born  anew  to 
freedom,  slave  creeds  and  codes  and  constitutions  all  now  must  pass  away. 
“  For  men  do  not  put  new  wine  into  old  bottles,  else  the  bottles  break  and 
the  wine  runneth  out  and  the  bottles  perish ;  but  they  put  new  wine  into 
new  bottles  and  both  are  preserved.” 

Our  special  thanks  are  due  to  you,  that  by  your  proclamation  2,000,000 
women  are  freed  from  the  foulest  bondage  humanity  ever  suffered.  Slavery 
for  man  is  bad  enough,  but  the  refinements  of  cruelty  ever  must  fall  on  the 
mothers  of  the  oppressed  race,  defrauded  of  all  the  rights  of  the  family  rela¬ 
tion  and  violated  in  the  most  holy  instincts  of  their  nature.  A  mother’s  life 
is  bound  up  in  that  of  her  child.  There  center  all  her  hopes  and  ambitions. 
But  the  slave-mother  in  her  degradation  rejoices  not  in  the  future  promise  of 
her  daughter,  for  she  knows  by  experience  what  her  sad  fate  must  be.  No 
pen  can  describe  the  unutterable  agony  of  that  mother  whose  past,  present 
and  future  all  are  wrapped  in  darkness ;  who  knows  the  crown  of  thorns  she 
wears  must  press  her  daughter’s  brow ;  who  knows  the  wine-press  she  treads 
those  tender  feet  must  tread  alone.  For,  by  the  law  of  slavery,  ‘  the  child 
follows  the  condition  of  the  mother.” 

By  your  act,  the  family,  that  great  conservator  of  national  virtue  and 
strength,  has  been  restored  to  millions  of  humble  homes  around  whose  altars 
coming  generations  shall  magnify  and  bless  the  name  of  Abraham  Lincoln. 
By  a  mere  stroke  of  the  pen  you  have  emancipated  millions  from  a  condition 


958 


APPENDIX. 


of  wholesale  concubinage.  We  now  ask  you  to  finish  the  work  by  declaring 
that  nowhere  under  our  national  flag  shall  the  motherhood  of  any  race  plead 
in  vain  for  justice  and  protection.  So  long  as  one  slave  breathes  in  this  re¬ 
public,  we  drag  the  chain  with  him.  God  has  so  linked  the  race,  man  to 
man,  that  all  must  rise  or  fall  together.  Our  history  exemplifies  this  law. 
It  was  not  enough  that  we  at  the  North  abolished  slavery  for  ourselves, 
declared  freedom  of  speech  and  press,  built  churches,  colleges  and  free 
schools,  studied  the  science  of  morals,  government  and  economy,  dignified 
labor,  amassed  wealth,  whitened  the  sea  with  our  commerce  and  commanded 
the  respect  and  admiration  of  the  nations  of  the  earth— so  long  as  the  South, 
by  the  natural  proclivities  of  slavery,  was  sapping  the  very  foundations  of  our 
national  life.  .  .  . 

You  are  the  first  President  ever  borne  on  the  shoulders  of  freedom  into  the 
position  you  now  fill.  Your  predecessors  owed  their  elevation  to  the  slave 
oligarchy,  and  in  serving  slavery  they  did  but  obey. their  masters.  In  your 
election,  northern  freemen  threw  off  the  yoke,  and  with  you  rests  the  respon¬ 
sibility  that  our  necks  never  shall  bow  again.  At  no  time  in  the  annals  of 
the  nation  has  there  been  a  more  auspicious  moment  to  retrieve  the  one  false 
step  of  the  fathers  in  their  concessions  to  slavery.  The  Constitution  has 
been  repudiated  and  the  compact  broken  by  the  southern  traitors  now  in 
arms.  The  firing  of  the  first  gun  on  Sumter  released  the  North  from  all  con¬ 
stitutional  obligations  to  slavery.  It  left  the  government,  for  the  first  time 
in  our  history,  free  to  carry  out  the  declaration  of  our  Revolutionary  fathers, 
and  made  us  in  fact  what  we  ever  have  claimed  to  be,  a  nation  of  freemen. 

“The  Union  as  it  was” — a  compromise  between  barbarism  and  civiliza¬ 
tion-can  never  be  restored,  for  the  opposing  principles  of  freedom  and 
slavery  can  not  exist  together.  Liberty  is  life,  and  every  form  of  govern¬ 
ment  yet  tried  proves  that  slavery  is  death.  In  obedience  to  this  law,  our 
republic,  divided  and  distracted  by  the  collisions  of  class  and  caste,  is  tottering 
to  its  base  and  can  be  reconstructed  only  on  the  sure  foundation  of  impartial 
freedom  to  all.  The  war  in  which  we  are  involved  is  not  the  result  of  party  or 
accident,  but  a  forward  step  in  the  progress  of  the  race  never  to  be  retraced. 
Revolution  is  no  time  for  temporizing  or  diplomacy.  In  a  radical  upheaving 
the  people  demand  eternal  principles  on  which  to  stand. 

Northern  power  and  loyalty  never  can  be  measured  until  the  purpose  of  the 
war  be  liberty  to  man ;  for  a  lasting  enthusiasm  ever  is  based  on  a  grand  idea, 
and  unity  of  action  demands  a  definite  end.  At  this  time  our  greatest  need 
is  not  men  or  money,  valiant  generals  or  brilliant  victories,  but  a  consistent 
policy ,  based  on  the  principle  that  “  all  governments  derive  their  just  powers 
from  the  consent  of  the  governed.”  The  nation  waits  for  you  to  say  that 
there  is  no  power  under  our  declaration  of  rights  nor  under  any  laws,  human 
or  divine,  by  which  free  men  can  be  made  slaves;  and  therefore  that  your 
pledge  to  the  slaves  is  irrevocable,  and  shall  be  redeemed. 

If  it  be  true,  as  it  is  said,  that  northern  women  lack  enthusiasm  in  this 
war,  the  fault  rests  with  those  who  have  confused  and  confounded  its  policy. 
The  pages  of  history  glow  with  instances  of  self-sacrifice  by  women  in  the 
hour  of  their  country’s  danger.  Fear  not  that  the  daughters  of  this  republic 
will  count  any  sacrifice  too  great  to  insure  the  triumph  of  freedom.  Let  the 


APPENDIX. 


959 


men  who  wield  the  nation’s  power  be  wise,  brave  and  magnanimous,  and  its 
women  will  be  prompt  to  meet  the  duties  of  the  hour  with  devotion  and 

heroism. 

When  Fremont  on  the  western  breeze  proclaimed  a  day  of  jubilee  to  the 
bondmen  within  our  gates,  the  women  of  the  nation  echoed  back  a  loud 
amen.  When  Hunter  freed  a  million  men  and  gave  them  arms  to  fight  our 
battles,  justice  and  mercy  crowned  that  act  and  tyrants  stood  appalled. 
When  Butler,  in  the  chief  city  of  the  southern  despotism,  hung  a  traitor  we 
felt  a  glow  of  pride ;  for  that  one  act  proved  that  we  had  a  government  and 
one  man  brave  enough  to  administer  its  laws.  And  w’hen  Burnside  would 
banish  Yallandigham  to  the  Dry  Tortugas,  let  the  sentence  be  approved  and 
the  nation  will  ring  with  plaudits.  Your  proclamation  gives  you  immortal¬ 
ity.  Be  just,  and  share  your  glory  with  men  like  these  who  wait  to  execute 

your  will. 

On  behalf  of  the  Women’s  National  Loyal  League, 

Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  President. 
Susan  B.  Anthony,  Secretary. 


Chapter  XV — Page  247. 
RECONSTRUCTION. 


Address  Delivered  at  Ottumwa,  Kansas,  July  4, 1865. 

Mr.  President,  and  Men  and  Women  of  Kansas  : 

It  is  a  pleasure  to  me,  beyond  the  reach  of  words,  to  be  with  you  today.  I 
accepted  the  invitation  of  your  committee  that  I  might  feast  my  eyes  on 
your  grand  prairies,  ever  fringed  with  the  darker  green  of  their  timber- 
skirted  creeks  and  rivers.  I  came  hero  on  this  89th  anniversary  of  our  Na¬ 
tional  Independence,  that  I  might  look  into  the  honest,  earnest  faces  of  the 
men  and  the  women  who,  ten  years  ago,  taught  the  nation  anew,  that  “re¬ 
sistance  to  tyrants  is  obedience  to  God.”  Through  all  this  glorious  decade  of 
heroic  struggle,  my  interests,  my  sympathies,  my  affections  have  been  bound 
up  with  yours ;  for,  during  and  since  the  cruel  outrages  of  the  summer  of  1856, 
my  two  and  only  brothers  have  stood  shoulder  to  shoulder  with  the  freedom-lov¬ 
ing,  freedom-voting,  freedom-fighting  men  of  Kansas.  And,  as  I  have  waited 
the  telegraphic  word  that  trembled  along  the  western  wires,  telling  of  your 
successes  and  your  defeats,  it  has  ever  been  with  bated  breath  lest  those  of 
my  own  home  circle,  too,  should  be  numbered  among  the  slain.  Therefore, 
though  not  here  in  person  through  all  these  trial  years,  in  spirit  I  have  been 
with  you,  in  your  privations  and  hardships,  in  your  sufferings  and  sacrifices 
to  make  freedom  and  free  institutions  the  sure  inheritance  of  Kansas  and  the 
nation. 

You  have  already  listened  to  the  grand  old  Declaration  of  the  Fathers  of 
1776.  You  have  heard  the  true  words  of  your  representative  to  the  next  Con¬ 
gress.1  His  manly  utterances  here  today  give  you  assurance  that  he  will 
faithfully  reflect  the  highest  and  truest  sentiments  of  his  constituency.  Men 
and  women  of  Kansas,  I  congratulate  you,  that  you  have  in  this  chosen  agent 
a  man  who  will  speak  and  vote  on  the  vital  questions  to  come  before  the  next 
Congress  from  the  standpoint  of  human  equality. 

It  is  my  purpose  to  call  your  attention  to  the  recent  declarations  of  our  Pres¬ 
ident  to  our  “  erring  sister  States  ”  of  the  South.  I  ask  you  specially  to  note 
his  proclamation  to  Mississippi.  After  pointing  out  that  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States  guarantees  to  every  State  in  the  Union  a  republican  form  of 
government,  and  that  the  late  rebellion  has  deprived  the  people  of  Mississippi 
of  all  civil  government,  he  continues : 

Now,  therefore,  in  obedience  to  the  high  and  solemn  duties  imposed  upon  me  by  the  Con¬ 
stitution  of  the  United  States,  and  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  loyal  people  of  said  State 
to  organize  a  State  government,  whereby  justice  may  be  established,  domestic  tranquillity  in- 


1  Sidney  Clark,  of  Lawrence. 


(960) 


APPENDIX. 


961 


sared,  and  loyal  citizens  protected  in  all  their  rights  of  life,  liberty,  and  property,  I,  Andrew 
Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  and  Commander-in- Chief  of  the  army  and  navy  of 
the  United  States,  do  hereby  appoint  William  L.  Sharkey  Provisional  Governor  of  the  State 
of  Mississippi,  whose  duty  it  shall  be,  at  the  earliest  practicable  period,  to  prescribe  such 
rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  necessary  and  proper  for  convening  a  convention,  composed 
of  delegates  to  be  chosen  by  that  portion  of  the  people  of  said  State  who  are  loyal  to  the 
United  States,  and  no  others,  for  the  purpose  of  altering  or  amending  the  constitution 
thereof ;  and  with  authority  to  exercise,  within  the  limits  of  said  State,  all  the  powers  nec¬ 
essary  and  proper  to  enable  such  loyal  people  of  the  State  of  Mississippi  to  restore  said  State 
to  its  constitutional  relations  to  the  Federal  government,  and  to  present  such  republican 
form  of  State  government  as  will  entitle  the  State  to  the  guarantee  of  the  United  States  there¬ 
for,  and  its  people  to  protection  by  the  United  States  against  invasion,  insurrection,  and  do¬ 
mestic  violence :  Provided,  That  in  any  election  that  may  be  hereafter  held  for  choosing 
delegates  to  any  State  Convention  as  aforesaid,  no  person  shall  be  qualified  as  an  elector,  or 
shall  be  eligible  as  a  member  of  such  convention,  unless  he  shall  have  previously  taken  and 
subscribed  the  oath  of  amnesty,  as  set  forth  in  the  President’s  proclamation  of  May  29, 
A.  D.  1865,  and  is  a  voter  qualified  as  prescribed  by  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  State  of 
Mississippi ,  in  force  immediately  before  the  ninth  (9th)  of  January ,  A.  D.  1861,  the  date  of 
the  so-called  ordinance  of  secession;  and  the  said  convention,  when  convened,  or  the  Legisla¬ 
ture  that  may  be  thereafter  assembled,  will  prescribe  the  qualifications  of  electors,  and  the  el¬ 
igibility  of  persons  to  hold  office  under  the  Constitution  and.  laws  of  the  State,  a  power  the 
people  of  the  several  States  composing  the  Federal  Union  have  rightfully  exercised  from  the 
origin  of  the  government  to  the  present  time. 

The  President  says  he  finds  the  people  of  Mississippi  “deprived  of  all 
civil  government  ”  by  the  revolutionary  progress  of  the  rebellion;  therefore 
he  appoints  a  provisional  governor,  to  call  an  election  of  the  loyal  people  for 
delegates  to  a  convention  to  alter  or  amend  the  constitution  that  was  in  force 
prior  to  the  rebellion.  He  does  this  “  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  loyal 
people  of  said  State  to  organize  a  State  government  whereby  justice  may  be 
established,  domestic  tranquillity  insured,  and  loyal  citizens  protected  in  all 
their  rights  of  life,  liberty  and  property.”  To  this  laudable  end  he  instructs 
the  governor,  who  is  his  military  agent,  to  allow  no  man  to  vote  or  to  be 
voted  for,  unless  he  shall  have  previously  taken  and  subscribed  to  the  oath  of 
amnesty  of  May  29,  1865,  hnd  is  a  voter  by  the  old  constitution  and  laws  of  the 
slaveholding  State  of  Mississippi.  By  this  ordering,  the  President  makes  it 
impossible  for  the  great  mass  of  the  loyal  people  to  have  a  voice  in  organizing 
the  new  government.  He  re-establishes  precisely  the  same  basis  of  class  rep¬ 
resentation  that  worked  out  the  ruin  of  the  old  State  government.  Not  to 
mention  the  loyal  women,  who  make  fully  one-half  of  the  loyal  people,  he  shuts 
out  all  the  loyal  black  men,  with  all  the  loyal  poor  white  men,  who  were  not 
allowed  to  vote  under  the  old  regime  of  slavery. 

Thus,  by  this  initiative  step,  the  President  makes  it  inevitable  that  the  re¬ 
building  of  the  government  shall  be  controlled  by  the  ex-rebels ;  the  men 
who  have  fought  desperately  for  four  years  to  overthrow  the  federal  govern¬ 
ment;  the  men  who  hate  republicanism;  the  men  who  love  and  are  deter¬ 
mined  to  enjoy  aristocracy.  The  loyal  white  men  there,  who  have  stood 
firmly  and  truly  by  the  government  through  all  the  cruel  persecutions  of  this 
bloody  rebellion,  are  today  a  most  powerless  and  pitiable  minority ;  and  yet 
the  President  tells  this  little  handful  that  their  only  hope  of  organizing  a  gen¬ 
uine  republican  form  of  government  lies  in  their  ability  to  outvote  the  vast 
horde  of  disloyal  civilians  and  pardoned,  but  not  penitent,  returned  rebel 
Ant. — 61 


962 


APPENDIX. 


soldiers.  Such  an  offence  against  white  loyalty  is  enough  to  make  the  very 
stones  cry  out. 

But  what  shall  we  say  of  the  other  and  deeper  crime  against  the  thousands 
of  loyal  black  soldiers,  who  have  fought  bravely  for  us  from  the  hour  we  per¬ 
mitted  them  to  shoulder  the  musket ;  against  the  entire  slave  population, 
who  have  welcomed  our  Yankee  soldiers,  been  faithful  spies  and  guides  to 
our  armies,  nursed  our  sick  and  wounded,  relieved  and  rescued  our  starving 
prisoners,  and  in  every  conceivable  way  and  manner  given  “  aid  and  com¬ 
fort”  to  our  Union  cause?  I  tell  you,  men  and  women  of  Kansas,  no  tongue 
can  speak  the  ingratitude,  the  injustice,  the  shame  and  outrage  of  a  proposi¬ 
tion  thus  to  leave  those  true  and  faithful  freedmen  to  the  cruel  legislation  of 
their  old  tyrants  and  oppressors,  made  tenfold  more  their  enemies,  because 
of  their  attachment  and  service  to  the  government  which  they  themselves  have 
failed  to  destroy.  Think  of  it,  to  thrust  four  million  loyal  people  under  the 
political  heel  of  eight  millions,  almost  to  a  man,  disloyal! 

I  am  sure  you,  who  have  given  the  best  blood  of  Kansas  to  put  down  the 
slaveholders’  rebellion  against  the  rightful  rule  of  the  majority,  will  never 
by  your  silence  give  seeming  consent  to  a  reorganization  of  those  rebel  States 
on  any  basis  save  that  of  the  ballot  to  all  loyal  citizens,  black  and  white.  You 
will  never  consent  that  loyal  Union  soldiers  and  friends,  for  no  crime  but  the 
color  of  their  skin,  shall  be  made  subjects,  if  not  slaves,  to  disloyal  rebel 
soldiers  and  enemies,  with  no  virtue  but  that  of  belonging  to  the  “  governing 
race,”  as  the  President’s  North  Carolina  appointee  calls  the  white  faces. 
No,  no,  you  will  make  these  grand  old  prairies  ring  with  your  thunder-toned 
protests  until  they  shall  be  felt  and  feared  in  the  legislative  halls  at  Wash¬ 
ington.  Then  will  your  honorable  and  honored  representative  say  for  you  on 
the  floor  of  the  next  Congress,  as  he  has  said  here  today  in  the  shadow  of 
these  mighty  oaks  of  your  Neosho,  “  no  reconstruction  except  on  the  basis  of 
the  ballot  in  every  loyal  hand,  black  and  white.”  Then  will  your  senator1 
echo  your  voice  from  his  seat  in  the  Capitol,  as  hfe  did  the  other  day  in  old 
Faneuil  Hall,  when  he  said,  “  the  price  of  our  victories  is  lost  unless  we  give 
the  negro  the  homestead,  the  musket,  and  the  ballot.” 

And  then  will  your  other  senator,2  who  has  not  spoken  since  he,  with  his 
colleagues  in  the  Senate,  said,  “colonize”  the  faithful,  loyal  blacks;  since 
he  said,  admit  Louisiana  and  Arkansas  back  into  the  Union  on  the  vote  of 
the  merest  minority  of  their  freshly-oathed  white  men — then  "will  he  say  “  no 
reconstruction  without  negro  suffrage.”  But,  good  people,  I  charge  you, 
suffer  not  this  man  to  return  to  his  seat  in  the  Senate,  until  he  has  not  only 
repented  and  confessed,  but  given  sure  promise  forever  to  forsake  his  old  sins 
of  “  white  suffrage”  and  “black  colonization.”  You  owe  it  to  yourselves 
and  your  country  to  see  that  your  entire  representation  in  the  next  Congress 
is  right  on  this  one  vital  question  of  reunion.  Tell  your  senator  if  he  must 
advocate  a  class  and  caste  government  in  the  rebel  States,  it  must  be  loyal 
blacks,  not  disloyal  whites.  If  he  must  colonize  somebody,  it  must  be  the 
cowed,  unconverted  rebels,  the  anti-negro-equality  white  faces.  Tell  him 

1  S.  C.  Pomeroy. 

2  James  H.  Lane. 


APPENDIX. 


963 


henceforth  to  speak  and  vote  to  disfranchise,  and  drive  out  if  need  be,  the 
persons  who  make  war  and  oppress  and  outrage,  and  are  resolved  not  to  give 
“  fair  play  ”  to  peaceable,  industrious  citizens.  You  have  but  to  speak  and 
you  will  be  obeyed,  for  it  is  the  people’s  will,  not  that  of  their  servants, 
which  is  law. 

Now,  a  word  on  your  State  legislature :  One  of  the  first  reports  that  met 
my  ear  on  my  arrival  in  your  State  last  winter,  was  that  the  Republicans  of 
Kansas,  almost  in  a  body,  had  voted  against  a  bill  for  “negro  suffrage,”  and 
that  they  voted  thus  for  the  reason  that  the  question  was  introduced  and 
urged  by  the  opposition  party  of  the  State.  My  humble  but  earnest  advice 
to  you  is  that  you  permit  those  delegates  who  voted  against  right,  against 
justice,  against  equality  to  all  men,  for  so  paltry  a  reason,  henceforth  to 
remain  quietly  at  home.  Teach  them  and  all  other  aspirants  for  your  suf¬ 
frages  that  your  representatives  must  speak  and  vote  for  the  right,  though 
the  arch-demon  from  the  pit  below  shall  present  the  measure.  That  misera¬ 
ble  political  quibbling  at  Topeka  last  winter  lost  Kansas  the  place  which  of 
right  belonged  to  her — that  of  being  the  first  of  the  loyal  States  to  give  her 
freedmen  their  inalienable  right  to  self-protection. 

Our  hope  of  salvation  from  the  fatal  errors  that  are  now  fastening  them¬ 
selves  upon  the  plan  and  the  policy  of  reorganization,  lies  in  the  prompt  and 
right  action  of  the  coming  Congress.  The  delegates  from  any  and  all  of  the 
rebel  States,  sent  up  to  Washington  by  “free  white  loyal  male”  suffrages  to 
knock  for  admission  into  the  Union,  must  be  sent  home  with  instructions 
that  no  member  will  be  admitted  to  Congress  except  he  be  elected  by  a 
majority  of  all  the  loyal  men  of  the  State,  black  as  well  as  white.  To  the  end 
that  Congress  may  thus  reject  the  amnestied  white  suffrage  delegates,  the 
people,  all  over  the  country,  should  unite  in  one  mighty  voice  and  demand 
that  their  representatives  shall  thus  speak  and  thus  vote.  “The  price  of 
liberty  is  eternal  vigilance.”  If  we  sleep  now,  all  is  lost;  for  on  this  one 
question  of  the  negro  hangs  the  future  of  our  republic. 

Since  the  firing  of  the  first  gun  of  the  rebellion  there  has  been  no  hour 
fraught  with  so  much  danger  as  is  the  present.  To  have  been  vanquished  on 
the  field  of  battle  would  have  involved  much  of  misery ;  but  to  be  foiled  now 
in  gathering  up  the  fruits  of  our  blood-bought  victories,  and  to  re-enthrone 
slavery  under  the  new  guise  of  negro  disfranchisement,  negro  serfdom,  would 
be  a  defeat  and  disaster,  a  cruelty  and  crime,  which  would  surely  bequeath  to 
coming  generations  a  legacy  of  wars  and  rumors  of  wars,  equalled  only  by 
that  which  the  Revolutionary  fathers  entailed  upon  their  descendants  by  their 
fatal  compromises  with  slavery.  It  would  leave  the  final  triumph  of  the 
great  principles  of  republicanism,  universal  freedom  and  equality,  “  taxation 
and  representation  inseparable,”  the  “consent  of  the  governed,’  to  be 
worked  out  and  established  in  each  of  those  old  slave  States,  through  a  xeai- 
ful  re-enactment  of  the  early  struggles  which  you  of  Kansas  so  well  remem¬ 
ber 

If  Congress  shall  admit  the  rebel  representatives  on  the  basis  of  white 
suffrage,  those  States  will  have  added  to  their  old  representation  the  other 
two-fifths  of  what  used  to  be  “  all  other  persons,”  which  will  give  them  an 
increase  of  fourteen  votes  in  the  House  as  a  reward  for  their  four  years  of 


964 


APPENDIX. 


fire  and  sword  against  the  government.  With  this  added  power  on  the  floor 
of  Congress  united  to  their  political  aiders  and  abettors  from  the  Northern 
States,  there  is  scarcely  any  project  they  may  not  be  able  to  carry  through  in 
their  own  time  and  way.  Nor  is  there  room  for  a  doubt,  that  it  is  the  spirit 
and  purpose  of  the  slave  oligarchy,  whipped  and  cowed  as  they  say  by  force 
of  might,  not  right,  to  make  a  most  desperate  political  fight  to  regain  their 
old  supremacy  in  the  legislation  of  the  country. 

I  base  my  estimate  of  the  nature  and  intentions  of  the  to-be-restored  repre¬ 
sentation  of  the  South,  on  the  results  of  the  elections  already  held  in  several 
of  the  rebel  States,  and  from  the  efforts  everywhere  among  the  old  planters 
again  to  reduce  the  black  freedmen,  as  nearly  as  possible,  to  the  status  of 
slavery.  In  Virginia,  the  elections  gave  a  legislature  largely  secession  and 
almost  wholly  anti-negro.  The  planters  have  solemnly  leagued  themselves 
together  to  pay  only  five  dollars  per  month  to  able  field  hands,  each  laborer 
to  furnish  his  own  clothes  and  pay  his  own  doctor  bills.  This,  too,  when  these 
same  planters  used  to  pay  or  receive  for  the  hire  of  these  same  laborers,  the 
sum  of  fifteen  dollars  and  upwards.  In  South  Carolina,  Gen.  Rufus  Sax¬ 
ton  reports  that  the  old  planters  are  actually  driving  the  freedmen  to  work  in 
the  fields  in  chain  gangs,  and  that  the  woods  are  strewn  with  the  bodies  of 
negroes  shot  dead  in  their  efforts  to  escape  the  cruel  torture.  In  Murfrees¬ 
boro,  Tennessee,  the  city  election  resulted  in  a  secession  mayor  and  common 
council.  The  only  Union  success  I  have  noticed  is  that  of  Fernandina, 
Florida,  and  there  the  negroes  were  allowed  to  vote.  Even  the  loyal  State  of 
Missouri  saved  her  free  constitution  by  less  than  two  thousand  votes. 

The  result  of  white  suffrage  can  not  be  other  than  the  election  of  large 
majorities  of  anti-negro,  if  not  absolutely  secession  State  and  National  repre¬ 
sentatives.  Tennessee,  the  President’s  own  State,  of  the  loyalty  of  whose 
people  we  have  heard  much,  has  adopted  a  free  constitution,  and  under  it 
framed  a  new  code  of  anti-negro  laws;  and  we  can  hardly  expect  any  rebel 
State  to  do  better,  for  these  new  free  State  law-makers  are  the  persecuted 
loyal  men  of  Tennessee  who  have  been  outraged  in  their  homes,  hunted  to 
the  caves  and  mountains,  or  for  a  time  driven  out  of  the  State  altogether  by 
the  secessionists.  One  of  these  new  free  State  laws  says,  the  testimony  of 
no  “  free  colored  person  shall  be  received  in  court  against  anj^  white  person.” 
By  this  enactment,  the  meanest  white  man  may  enter  the  home  of  the  bravest 
black  soldier,  or  wealthiest  colored  citizen,  may  murder  his  sons,  ravish  his 
wife  and  daughters,  pillage  and  burn  his  house,  commit  any  and  every  pos¬ 
sible  crime  against  him  and  his,  and  yet,  if  no  human  eye  but  his  own,  or 
that  of  his  family,  or  his  colored  friends,  witness  the  barbarisms,  that  black 
man,  the  father,  the  husband,  the  land-holder,  outraged  beyond  measure, 
has  no  possible  legal  redress  in  the  courts  of  Tennessee. 

Then  again,  in  case  a  free  colored  person  is  imprisoned  and  unable  to 
pay  his  jail  fees,  he  may  be  apprenticed  out  to  labor  until  the  sum  be  paid. 
And  yet  again,  the  courts  may  apprentice  colored  children  as  they  see  proper. 
The  law  does  not  even  say  friendless  or  orphan  children.  Is  not  that  slavery 
under  a  new  form?  Thus,  to  leave  those  devoted  black  men’s  lives,  liberties 
and  property  to  be  protected  by  white  men,  whose  loyalty  to  the  government 
is  because  it  is  a  means  to  secure  power  to  themselves,  not  from  any  love  of 


APPENDIX. 


965 


its  republican  principles,  is  to  doom  them  to  all  the  ignominies  and  cruelties 
of  slavery  itself. 

Let  us  not  be  deceived  by  the  wicked  wiles  of  politicians  who  tell  us  that 
President  Johnson  can  not  give  the  right  to  the  ballot  to  the  black  loyalists  of 
the  South;  for  it  is  but  the  new  “refuge  of  lies”  to  which  slavery  resorts. 
The  same  men  told  us  that  Lincoln  had  not  the  power  to  emancipate  the 
slaves;  that  the  government  had  no  right  to  arm  the  negro,  etc.  If  Presi¬ 
dent  Johnson  has  constitutional  authority,  either  civil  or  military,  to  take 
away  a  man’s  right  to  vote,  as  a  punishment  for  disloyalty,  he  must  have 
power  to  give  a  man  the  same  right,  as  a  reward  for  loyalty ;  if  the  President 
may  disfranchise  a  rebel  soldier  in  order  to  enable  the  loyal  people  of  a  State 
to  organize  a  republican  form  of  government,  he  may  also  enfranchise  a 
Union  soldier  to  accomplish  the  same  purpose.  If  the  President  has  not  the 
right  nor  the  power  to  give  the  ballot  to  any  person  not  entitled  to  it  under 
the  old  order  of  slavery,  how  will  he  organize  South  Carolina,  by  whose  old 
constitution  no  person  was  allowed  to  vote  unless  he  owned  ten  slaves  or  was 
worth  ten  thousand  dollars?  Of  course  nobody  owns  ten  slaves,  and  how 
many  men,  think  you,  who  remained  loyal  at  home,  or  how  many  returned 
soldiers  or  amnestied  civilians  have  the  requisite  ten  thousand  dollars  ?  In 
South  Carolina,  therefore,  the  President  will  be  compelled  to  create  voters; 
and,  if  he  shall  enfranchise  any  of  the  white  non-voters,  can  he  not  also 
enfranchise  the  loyal  black  non-voters  ? 

Let  us  wTatch  and  pray  without  ceasing.  Let  us  hope  that  the  day  will  dawn, 
and  that  soon,  when  law  shall  be  found  on  the  side  of  justice  to  the  black 
race.  These  objectors  never  questioned  McClellan’s  military  right  to  put 
down  slave  insurrections  with  an  “iron  hand,”  or  Halleck’s  infamous  Order 
No.  3  to  drive  all  negroes  outside  the  military  lines.  It  was  only  when  Gen¬ 
erals  Fremont,  Hunter  and  others  declared  the  slaves  free,  that  they  might 
cripple  the  rebel  armies  and  add  them  to  our  Union  forces,  that  the  cry  of  no 
law,  no  power  was  raised.  Thus  it  is  clear  that  the  blindness  and  inability 
to  find  rightful  authority,  civil  or  military,  first  to  emancipate,  then  to  arm, 
and  now  to  enfranchise  the  negroes,  have  the  one  source.  Slavery  perpe¬ 
trated  the  “sum  of  all  villainies  ”  on  the  negroes,  and  then,  to  justify  its 
wickedness,  filled  the  whole  land  with  atrocious  lies  of  their  depraved  and 
degraded  nature.  The  American  people  consented  to  the  outrage;  and  their 
continued  prejudice  against  that  oppressed  race  but  proves  the  adage,  “  we 
hate  those  whom  we  have  injured.” 

Last  of  all  comes  the  objection  that  the  old  masters  will  influence  the  vote 
of  the  negroes,  and  that,  therefore,  to  enfranchise  them  will  but  give  increased 
power  to  the  old  lords  of  the  lash.  Do  not  believe  such  nonsense.  Think  you, 
men  who  for  four  years  have  withstood  every  possible  temptation  and  torture 
to  induce  them  to  fight  for  the  slave  oligarchy,  can  now  be  wheedled  into 
voting  for  it?  No,  no.  Those  loyal,  brave,  black  men  who  have  known 
enough  to  fight  on  the  right  side  will  know  enough  to  vote  on  the  right  side; 
and  it  is  because  the  aiders  and  abettors  of  the  old  slave  power  believe  and 
know  that  the  negroes  will  be  an  invincible  host  on  the  side  of  equality,  that 
they  thus  fear  them. 

We  never  from  the  beginning  have  had  a  genuine  republican  form  of  gov- 


966 


APPENDIX. 


eminent  in  any  State  in  the  Union ;  for  in  no  State  have  “  the  people  ”  ever 
been  permitted  to  elect  their  representatives.  Even  in  Massachusetts  and 
Vermont,  the  States  nearest  republican,  only  one-half  of  the  people,  the  “male 
inhabitants,”  are  allowed  to  vote.  In  other  States  it  is  only  all  “  free  white 
male  persons,”  and  in  others  still,  all  “free  white  male  inhabitants  owning 
so  many  slaves  or  so  much  property.”  It  is  not  true  therefore  that  the  people 
have  ever  exercised  the  right  to  prescribe  the  qualifications  of  voters  or  officers. 
From  the  beginning,  Congress  always  has  settled  the  question  in  its  organic 
act.  That  of  your  own  Territory  read,  “Every  free,  wThite,  male  inhabitant 
shall  vote  at  the  first  election,  and  be  eligible  to  any  office  within  the  Terri¬ 
tory.”  Thus  you  see  Congress,  not  you,  the  people,  decided  who  should  and 
who  should  not  vote  in  Kansas.  And  when  the  delegates  of  the  prescribed 
“free,  white,  male”  order  met  in  convention,  they  proved  themselves  noth¬ 
ing  above  human,  very  like  the  so-elected  conventions  of  other  States,  and 
retained  all  legislative  power  within  the  limits  of  the  original  congressional 
permit.  The  same  is  true  of  the  rebel  States,  in  which  the  President  now  finds 
the  people  destitute  of  all  civil  government ;  when  he  specifies  who  may  vote, 
when  he  excludes  any  class  from  the  ballot-box,  he  makes  it  impossible  for 
“the  people  ”  to  form  a  republican  government. 

When  the  loyal  black  men  are  not  allowed  their  right  to  vote  in  the  first 
election  of  the  rebel  States,  their  governments  are  thrown  into  the  hands 
of  a  very  small  minority,  and  that  too  of  very  doubtful  loyalty.  The  Presi¬ 
dent  by  adhering  to  the  old  slave  definition  of  “the  people,”  rules  that  all 
our  brave  black  Union  soldiers  and  our  best  friends  and  allies,  without  whose 
aid  wTe  should  still  be  struggling  with  rebels  in  arms,  shall  be  subjects, 
not  citizens,  of  the  government  they  have  rescued  from  the  Confederate 
usurpers.  It  is  not  in  human  nature  that  a  people  fanatically  believing 
themselves  a  superior  race,  and  thereby  rightful  legislators  over  another  and 
inferior  race,  shall  execute  justice  and  equality  toward  those  whom  they  de¬ 
cree  shall  be  “  hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of  water.”  No,  the  black  man’s 
guarantee  to  the  protection  of  his  inalienable  rights  to  “life,  liberty  and 
property,”  is  bound  up  in  his  right  to  the  ballot. 

When  I  speak  of  the  inalienable  rights  of  the  negro,  I  do  not  forget  that 
these  belong  equally  to  woman.  Though  the  government  shall  be  recon¬ 
structed  on  the  basis  of  universal  manhood  suffrage,  it  yet  will  not  be  a  true 
republic.  StilPone-half  of  the  people  will  be  in  subjection  to  the  other  half, 
and  the  time  will  surely  come  when  the  whole  question  will  have  to  be  re¬ 
opened  and  an  accounting  made  with  this  other  subject  class.  There  will 
have  to  be  virtually  another  reconstruction,  based  on  the  duty  of  the  national 
government  to  guarantee  to  every  citizen  the  right  of  self-protection,  and 
this  right,  for  woman  as  for  man,  is  vested  in  the  ballot. 

That  this  superior  “  white  male  ”  class  may  not  be  trusted  even  to  legislate 
for  their  own  mothers,  sisters,  wives  and  daughters,  the  cruel  statutes  in 
nearly  all  the  States,  both  slave  and  free,  give  ample  proof.  In  scarcely  a 
State  has  a  married  woman  the  legal  right  to  the  control  of  her  person,  to  the 
earnings  of  her  hands  or  brain,  to  the  guardianship  of  her  children,  to  sue  or 
be  sued,  or  to  testify  in  the  courts,  and  by  these  laws  women  have  suffered 
wrongs  and  outrages  second  only  to  those  of  chattel  slavery  itself.  If  this  be 


APPENDIX. 


967 


true,  that  this  so-called  superior  class  can  not  legislate  justice  even  to  those 
nearest  and  dearest  in  their  own  hearts  and  homes,  is  it  not  a  crime  to  place 
a  separate  race,  one  hated  and  despised,  wholly  at  the  will  of  that  governing 
class  ? 

It  must  not  be ;  and  the  one  great  work  for  the  people  at  this  hour,  and 
every  hour,  between  this  and  next  December,  is  to  agitate  this  question  until 
the  entire  nation  shall  speak  in  tones  not  to  be  mistaken,  which  shall  compel 
the  coming  Congress  to  refuse  admission  to  every  representative  from  the 
rebel  States,  who  is  sent  there  by  the  so-called  “loyal  white  male”  people. 

11  No  reorganization  without  Negro  Suffrage  ”  is  the  word  to  send  back  to 
every  rebel  State.  Until  Congress  shall  define  and  settle  this  question,  it 
can  not  in  the  future,  as  it  has  not  in  the  past,  perform  its  duty — guarantee  a 
republican  form  of  government  in  each  of  the  States.  When  Congress  shall 
thus  decide,  there  will  be  work  to  do  in  most  of  the  loyal  States.  Let  us  all 
labor  to  that  end. 

Men  and  women  of  Kansas,  what  say  you,  shall  new  loyal  States  or  old 
rebel  States  be  admitted  into  the  Union  until  they  present  constitutions  and 
laws  truly  republican,  until  they  send  representatives  to  Washington  elected 
by  a  majority  of  all  the  people — white  and  black,  men  and  women?  You  say 
No ;  your  blood-enriched  prairies,  your  battle-fought  ravines,  your  sacked  and 
burned  cities,  say  No;  your  martyred  dead,  your  own  immortal  John  Brown, 
their  freed  souls  all  gloriously  marching  on,  say  No ! 

My  friends,  there  is  one  word  more  I  must  leave  with  you.  There  is  yet 
another  danger.  The  reverence,  the  almost  idolatry  of  the  American  people 
for  their  martyred  President,  is  being  used  and  abused  by  the  political  mana¬ 
gers  at  Washington,  and  over  all  the  country.  The  people  are  lulled  to  sleep 
over  the  most  startling  propositions,  by  insidious  whisperings  that  President 
Lincoln  originated  or  approved  them.  Almost  every  reconstruction  plan  is 
sent  over  the  wires  “  sugar-coated  ”  with,  “  President  Johnson,  in  this,  is 
but  carrying  out  the  spirit  and  purpose  of  Mr.  Lincoln  !  ”  And  there  is  no 
disguising  or  denying  the  fact,  that  the  people  are  today  accepting,  and  that  too 
without  questioning,  the  anti-negro  reorganization  plans  already  inaugurated, 
because  of  these  wily,  insinuating  appeals  to  their  reverence  for  the  memory 
of  their  sacred  dead. 

If  the  four  years’  administration  of  Abraham  Lincoln  taught  the  American 
people  any  one  lesson  above  another,  it  was  that  they  must  think  and  speak 
and  proclaim,  and  that  he,  as  President,  was  bound  to  execute  their  will,  not 
his  own.  And  if  Lincoln  were  alive  today,  he  would  say  as  he  did  four  years 
ago,  “  I  wait  the  voice  of  the  people.”  The  stern  logic  of  the  events  of  to¬ 
day  would  guide  him,  not  those  of  yesterday.  Therefore  let  us  not  be 
thrown  off  our  watch  by  any  of  these  appeals  to  our  reverence  for  the  opin¬ 
ions  and  plans  of  our  departed  President.  If  his  freed  spirit  is  permitted  to¬ 
day  to  hover  over  each  and  all  of  the  vast  gatherings  of  the  loyal  people 
throughout  the  nation,  it  is  beckoning  every  soul  upward  and  onward  in  the 
path  of  equal  justice  to  all;  it  is  urging  the  great  heart  of  the  nation  to  plant 
our  new  Union  on  the  everlasting  rock  of  republicanism — universal  freedom 
and  universal  suffrage. 


Chapter  XVI — Page  259. 


ADDRESS  TO  CONGRESS. 

Adopted  by  the  Eleventh  National  Woman's  Bights  Convention ,  held  in  New  York 

City ,  Thursday,  May  10,  1866. 

Prepared  by  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  and  Susan  R.  Anthony. 

To  the  Senate  and  House  of  Bepresentatives : 

We  already  have  presented  to  your  honorable  body  during  this  session 
many  petitions  asking  the  enfranchisement  of  women ;  and  now,  from  our 
national  convention,  we  again  make  our  appeal  and  urge  you  to  lay  no  hand 
on  that  “pyramid  of  rights,”  the  Constitution  of  the  Fathers,  unless  to  add 
glory  to  its  height  and  strength  to  its  foundation. 

We  will  not  rehearse  the  oft-repeated  arguments  on  the  natural  rights  of 
every  citizen,  pressed  as  they  have  been  on  the  nation’s  conscience  for  the 
last  thirty  years  in  securing  freedom  for  the  black  race,  and  so  grandly  echoed 
on  the  floor  of  Congress  during  the  past  winter.  We  can  not  add  one  line  or 
precept  to  the  comprehensive  speech  recently  made  by  Charles  Sumner  in  the 
Senate,  to  prove  that  “no  just  government  can  be  formed  without  the  consent 
of  the  governed;”  to  prove  the  dignity,  the  education,  the  power,  the  neces¬ 
sity,  the  salvation  of  the  ballot  in  the  hand  of  every  man  and  woman ;  to 
prove  that  a  just  government  and  a  true  church  rest  alike  on  the  sacred  rights 
of  the  individual. 

As  you  are  familiar  with  Sumner’s  speech  on  “Equal  Rights  to  All,”  so 
convincing  in  facts,  so  clear  in  philosophy,  and  so  elaborate  in  quotations 
from  the  great  minds  of  the  past,  without  reproducing  the  chain  of  argument, 
permit  us  to  call  your  attention  to  a  few  of  its  unanswerable  assertions  re¬ 
garding  the  ballot : 

I  plead  now  for  the  ballot,  as  the  great  guarantee,  and  the  only  sufficient  guarantee— be¬ 
ing  in  itself  peacemaker,  reconciler,  schoolmaster  and  protector— to  which  we  are  bound 
by  every  necessity  and  every  reason;  and  I  speak  also  for  the  good  of  the  States  lately 
in  rebellion,  as  well  as  for  the  glory  and  safety  of  the  republic,  that  it  may  be  an  ex¬ 
ample  to  mankind. 

Ay,  sir,  the  ballot  is  the  Columbiad  of  our  political  life,  and  every  citizen  who  has  it  is 
a  full-armed  Monitor. 

The  ballot  is  schoolmaster.  Reading  and  writing  are  of  inestimable  value,  but  the  bal¬ 
lot  teaches  what  these  can  not  teach. 

Plutarch  records  that  the  wise  man  of  Athens  charmed  the  people  by  saying  that 
equality  causes  no  war,  and  “both  the  rich  and  the  poor  repeated  it.” 

The  ballot  is  like  charity,  which  never  faileth,  and  without  which  man  is  only  as  sound¬ 
ing  brass  or  a  tinkling  cymbal.  The  ballot  is  the  one  thing  needful,  without  which  rights 
of  testimony  and  all  other  rights  will  be  no  better  than  cobwebs  which  the  master  will 
break  through  with  impunity.  To  him  who  has  the  ballot  all  other  things  shall  be  given— 

(968) 


APPENDIX. 


969 


protection,  opportunity,  education,  a  homestead.  The  ballot  is  like  the  horn  of  abundance, 
out  of  which  overflow  rights  of  every  kind,  with  corn,  cotton,  rice  and  all  the  fruits  of  the 
earth.  Or,  better  still,  it  is  like  the  hand  of  the  body,  without  which  man,  who  is  now  only 
a  little  lower  than  the  angels,  must  have  continued  only  a  little  above  the  brutes.  They  are 
fearfully  and  wonderfully  made ;  but  as  is  the  hand  in  the  work  of  civilization,  so  is  the 
ballot  in  the  work  of  government.  “  Give  me  the  ballot,  anti  I  can  move  the  world.” 

Do  you  wish  to  see  harmony  truly  prevail,  so  that  industry,  society,  government,  civil¬ 
ization,  may  all  prosper,  and  the  republic  may  wear  a  crown  of  true  greatness?  Then  do 
not  neglect  the  ballot. 

Lamartine  said,  “  Universal  suffrage  is  the  first  truth  and  only  basis  of  every  national  re¬ 
public.” 

In  regard  to  “taxation  without  representation,”  Mr.  Sumner  quotes  from 
Lord  Coke : 

The  supreme  power  can  not  take  from  any  man  any  part  of  his  property  without  consent 
in  person  or  by  representation. 

Taxes  are  not  to  be  laid  on  the  people,  but  by  their  consent  in  person  or  by  represen¬ 
tation. 

I  can  see  no  reason  to  doubt  but  that  the  imposition  of  taxes,  whether  on  trade,  or  on 
land  or  houses  or  ships,  or  real  or  personal,  fixed  or  floating  property  in  the  colonies,  is  ab¬ 
solutely  irreconcilable  with  the  rights  of  the  colonies,  as  British  subjects  and  as  men.  I  say 
men,  for  in  a  state  of  nature  no  man  can  take  any  property  from  me  without  my  consent.  If 
he  does,  he  deprives  me  of  my  liberty  and  makes  me  a  slave.  The  very  act  of  taxing,  exer¬ 
cised  over  those  who  are  not  represented,  appears  to  me  to  deprive  them  of  one  of  their  most 
essential  rights  as  freemen,  and  if  continued  seems  to  be  in  effect  an  entire  disfranchise¬ 
ment  of  every  civil  right.  For  what  one  civil  right  is  worth  a  rush,  after  a  man’s  property 
is  subject  to  be  taken  from  him  at  pleasure  without  his  consent  ? 

In  demanding  suffrage  for  the  black  man  you  recognize  the  fact  that,  as  a 
freedman,  he  is  no  longer  a  “  part  of  the  family,”  and  that  therefore  his  mas¬ 
ter  is  no  longer  his  representative ;  hence,  as  he  will  now  be  liable  to  taxation, 
he  must  also  have  representation.  Woman,  on  the  contrary,  has  never 
been  such  a  “  part  of  the  family  ”  as  to  escape  taxation.  Although  there  has 
been  no  formal  proclamation  giving  her  an  individual  existence,  the  single 
woman  always  has  had  the  right  to  property  and  wages,  the  right  to  make 
contracts  and  do  business  in  her  own  name.  And  even  married  women,  by 
recent  legislation,  have  been  secured  in  these  civil  rights.  Woman  now  holds 
a  vast  amount  of  the  property  in  the  country  and  pays  her  full  proportion  of 
taxes,  revenue  included.  On  what  principle,  then,  do  you  deny  her  repre¬ 
sentation  ?  By  what  process  of  reasoning  was  Charles  Sumner  able  to  stand 
up  in  the  Senate,  a  few  days  after  these  sublime  utterances,  and  rebuke 
15,000,000  disfranchised  tax-payers  for  the  exercise  of  their  mere  right  of  peti¬ 
tion  ?  If  he  felt  that  this  was  not  the  time  for  woman  even  to  mention  her 
right  to  representation,  why  did  he  not,  in  some  of  his  splendid  sentences,  pro¬ 
pose  to  release  the  wage-earning  and  property-owning  women  from  the 
tyranny  of  taxation  ? 

We  propose  no  new  theories.  We  simply  ask  that  you  secure  the  prac¬ 
tical  application  of  the  immutable  principles  of  our  government  to  all,  without 
distinction  of  race,  color  or  sex.  And  we  urge  our  demand  now,  because 
you  have  now  the  opportunity  and  the  power  to  take  this  onward  step  in 
legislation.  The  nations  of  the  earth  stand  watching  and  waiting  to  see  if 
our  Revolutionary  idea,  “  all  men  are  created  equal,”  can  be  realized  in  gov¬ 
ernment.  Crush  not,  we  pray  you,  the  myriad  hopes  which  hang  on  our  success. 


970 


APPENDIX. 


Peril  not  this  nation  with  another  bloody  war.  Men  and  parties  must  pass  away, 
but  justice  is  eternal;  and  only  they  who  work  in  harmony  with  its  laws  are 
immortal.  All  who  have  carefully  contrasted  the  speeches  of  this  Congress 
with  those  made  under  the  old  regime  of  slavery,  must  have  seen  the  added 
power  and  eloquence  which  greater  freedom  gives.  But  still  you  propose  no 
action  on  your  grand  ideas.  Your  joint  resolutions,  your  reconstruction 
reports,  do  not  reflect  your  highest  thought. 

The  Constitution,  as  it  stands,  in  basing  representation  on  “  respective 
numbers  ”  covers  a  broader  ground  than  any  you  have  yet  proposed.  Is  not 
the  only  amendment  needed  to  Article  1,  Section  3,  to  strike  out  the  excep¬ 
tions  which  follow  “  respective  numbers?”  And  is  it  not  your  duty,  by 
securing  a  republican  form  of  government  to  every  State,  to  see  that  these 
“  respective  numbers”  are  made  up  of  enfranchised  citizens,  thus  bringing 
your  legislation  up  to  the  Constitution — not  the  Constitution  down  to  your 
party  possibilities  ?  The  only  tenable  ground  of  representation  is  universal 
suffrage,  as  it  is  only  through  universal  suffrage  that  the  principle  of  “  equal 
rights  to  all”  can  be  realized.  All  prohibitions  based  on  race,  color,  sex, 
property  or  education  are  violations  of  the  republican  idea;  and  the  various 
qualifications  now  proposed  are  but  so  many  plausible  pretexts  to  debar  new 
classes  from  the  ballot-box.  The  limitations  of  property  and  intelligence, 
though  unfair,  can  be  met ;  as  with  freedom  must  come  the  repeal  of  statute 
laws  that  deny  schools  and  wages  to  the  negro,  and  time  will  make  him  a  voter. 
But  color  and  sex !  Neither  time  nor  statutes  can  make  black,  white,  or 
woman,  man!  You  assume  to  be  the  representatives  of  15,000,000  women — 
American  citizens— who  already  possess  every  attainable  qualification  for  the 
ballot.  Women  read  and  write,  hold  many  offices  under  government,  pay 
taxes  and  suffer  the  penalties  of  crime,  and  yet  are  denied  individual  repre¬ 
sentation. 

For  twenty  years  we  have  labored  to  bring  the  statute-laws  of  the  several 
States  into  harmony  with  the  broad  principles  of  the  Constitution,  and  have 
been  so  far  successful  that  in  many  of  them  little  remains  to  be  done  except  |to 
secure  the  right  of  suffrage.  Hence,  our  prompt  protest  against  the  propositions 
before  Congress  to  introduce  the  word  “  male  ”  into  the  Federal  Constitution, 
which,  if  successful,  would  sanction  all  State  action  in  withholding  the  ballot 
from  woman.  As  the  only  way  in  which  disfranchised  citizens  can  appear 
before  you,  we  availed  ourselves  of  the  sacred  right  of  petition ;  and,  as  our 
representatives,  it  was  your  duty  to  give  those  petitions  a  respectful  reading 
and  a  serious  consideration.  How  a  Republican  Senate  failed  in  that  duty,  is 
already  inscribed  on  the  page  of  history.  Some  tell  us  it  is  not  judicious  to 
press  the  claims  of  women  now;  that  this  is  not  the  time.  Time?  When  you 
propose  legislation  so  fatal  to  the  best  interests  of  woman  and  the  nation, 
shall  we  be  silent  until  after  the  deed  is  done  ?  No !  As  we  love  justice,  we 
must  resist  tyranny.  As  we  honor  the  position  of  American  senator,  we 
must  appeal  from  the  politician  to  the  man. 

M  i th  man,  woman  shared  the  dangers  of  the  Mayflower  on  a  stormy  sea, 
the  dreary  landing  on  Plymouth  Rock,  the  rigors  of  New  England  winters 
and  the  privations  of  a  seven  years’  war.  With  him  she  bravely  threw  off  the 
British  yoke,  felt  every  pulsation  of  his  heart  for  freedom,  and  inspired  the 


APPENDIX. 


971 


glowing  eloquence  which  maintained  it  through  the  century.  With  you,  we 
have  just  passed  through  the  agony  and  death,  the  resurrection  and  triumph  of 
another  revolution,  doing  all  in  our  power  to  mitigate  its  horrors  and  gild  its 
glories.  And  now,  think  you,  we  have  no  souls  to  fire,  no  brains  to  weigh 
your  arguments ;  that,  after  education  such  as  this,  we  can  stand  silent  wit¬ 
nesses  while  you  sell  our  birthright  of  liberty  to  save  from  a  timely  death  an 
effete  political  organization  ?  No,  as  we  respect  womanhood,  we  must  protest 
against  this  desecration  of  the  magna  charta  of  American  liberties ;  and  with 
an  importunity  not  to  be  repelled,  our  demand  must  ever  be,  “No  compro¬ 
mise  of  human  rights” — “  No  admission  to  the  Constitution  of  inequality  of 
rights  or  disfranchisement  on  account  of  color  or  sex.” 

In  the  oft-repeated  experiments  of  class  and  caste,  who  can  number  the  na¬ 
tions  that  have  risen  but  to  fall  ?  Do  not  imagine  you  come  one  line  nearer 
the  demand  of  justice  by  enfranchising  but  another  shade  of  manhood ;  for, 
in  denying  representation  to  woman,  you  still  cling  to  the  same  false  princi¬ 
ple  on  which  all  the  governments  of  the  past  have  been  wrecked.  The  right 
way,  the  safe  way,  is  so  clear,  the  path  of  duty  is  so  straight  and  simple,  that 
we  who  are  equally  interested  with  yourselves  in  the  result,  conjure  you  to 
act  not  for  the  passing  hour,  not  with  reference  to  transient  benefits,  but  to 
do  now  the  one  grand  deed  which  shall  mark  the  zenith  of  the  century — pro¬ 
claim  Equal  Rights  to  All.  We  press  our  demand  for  the  ballot  at  this  time 
in  no  narrow,  captious  or  selfish  spirit ;  from  no  contempt  of  the  black  man’s 
claims,  nor  antagonism  to  you  who,  in  the  progress  of  civilization,  are  now 
the  privileged  order;  but  from  the  purest  patriotism,  for  the  highest  good  of 
every  citizen,  for  the  safety  of  the  republic,  and  as  a  glorious  example  to  the 
nations  of  the  earth. 


Chapter  XX — Page  342. 

MISS  ANTHONY’S  FIFTIETH  BIRTHDAY. 

February  15,  1870. 

Careful  readers  of  the  Tribune  have  probably  succeeded  in  discovering 
that  we  have  not  always  been  able  to  applaud  the  course  of  Miss  Susan  B. 
Anthony.  Indeed,  we  have  often  felt,  and  sometimes  said,  that  her  methods 
were  as  unwise  as  we  thought  her  aims  undesirable.  But  through  these  years 
of  disputation  and  struggling,  she  has  thoroughly  impressed  friends  and 
enemies  alike  with  the  sincerity  and  earnestness  of  her  purposes. 

Fifty  years  ago  the  full  moon  of  suffrage  rose  in  the  small,  red  and 
wrinkled  countenance  of  the  infant  Susan  B.  Anthony.  “Agitation  is  the 
word,”  says  Miss  Anthony,  in  these  her  later  years.  Agitation  was  probably 
the  word  then,  as  a  happy  family  surrounded  the  cradle  of  the  boisterous 
phenomenon.  Miss  Anthony  has  compressed  into  her  half-century  a  deal  of 
work,  talk,  hurry  and  resolution.  Beginning  with  the  women’s  temperance 
conventions  in  1848,  she  has  strewn  the  gliding  years  with  organizations, 
societies,  conventions  innumerable,  to  the  wonderment,  if  not  always  to  the  ad¬ 
miration,  of  an  observant  world.  “  Through  all  these  years,”  remarks  Mrs. 
Henry  B.  Stanton,  “  Miss  Anthony  was  the  connecting  link  between  me  and 
the  outer  world— the  reform  scout  who  went  to  see  what  was  going  on  in  the 
enemy’s  camp,  and  returned  with  maps  and  observations  to  plan  the  mode 
of  attack.”  It  has  been  intimated  that  Miss  Anthony  has  not  remained 
sweet  Dian’s  votary,  in  maiden  meditation  fancy  free,  because  nobody  asked 
her  to  change  her  name  and  station.  Many  victims,  we  are  told,  are  carrying 
crushed  hearts  and  blighted  hopes  through  life,  and  all  because  of  the  un¬ 
relenting  cruelty  exercised  by  this  usually  good-humored  woman  towards 
the  whole  male  sex. — The  Tribune. 

Miss  Anthony  bears  her  fifty  summers  lightly.  Whatever  our  sentiments 
may  be  as  to  the  cause  she  advocates,  we  do  full  justice  to  her  resistless  energy 
and  activity  and  unswerving  fidelity  to  her  principles.  Charming  and  cordial 
in  her  manners,  with  kind  words  for  all,  she  welcomed  every  guest  last  even¬ 
ing  and  made  them  at  ease.— The  Times. 

It  was  regarded  last  night,  and  was  a  topic  of  conversation,  that  the  pub¬ 
lic  announcement  that  Miss  Anthony  was  fifty  years  old  was  one  more  of  the 
courageous  things  for  which  her  life  has  been  distinguished.  Battling  with 
the  wrong  and  striving  for  the  right  has  not  left  so  rigid  a  mark  of  the  prog¬ 
ress  of  time  upon  her  features  as  to  prevent  her  keeping  up  a  little  fiction 
about  being  fair  and  forty.  Miss  Anthony  prefers  the  truth,  and  she  savs 

(972) 


APPENDIX. 


973 


that  the  register  in  the  family  Bible  supports  the  assertion  that  a  half-century 
of  rolling  years  have  passed  before  her. — The  Herald. 

Miss  Anthony  looked  her  very  best  last  night,  and  let  the  truth  be  said, 
even  should  it  be  followed  by  persecuting  proposals  from  the  bachelors,  she 
didn’t  look  much  more  than  five-and-twenty.  The  genial  salutations  and 
happy  surroundings  of  the  hour  effaced  for  the  time  those  lines  which  care 
and  labor  and  fifty  years  will  make,  however  pure  the  soul  within.  Miss 
Anthony  was  happy  and  she  looked  it.  .  .  .  She  wears  her  years  and 

honors  well.  May  we  live  till  the  celebration  of  her  centenary,  and  she 
read  the  report  thereof  next  day  in  the  columns  of  the  Evening  Mail. — The 
Mail. 

In  these  latter  days  the  aspirations  and  activities  of  woman  are  greatly 
quickened,  and  her  day  of  pure  and  perfect  freedom  seems  near  at  hand. 
When  the  year  of  jubilee  shall  at  last  ring  in,  no  name  will  be  more  highly 
honored  than  that  of  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony ;  and  her  honors  have  been  well 
deserved.  Early  and  late,  in  season  and  out,  in  places  high  and  low,  all  over 
this  broad  land,  by  voice  and  pen,  has  she  labored  with  unflagging  zeal  for 
the  exalted  liberty  of  woman.  .  .  .  Men  who  have  honored  mothers, 

pure  sisters,  devoted  wives  and  loving  daughters,  owe  to  Miss  Anthony  a 
heavy  debt  of  gratitude  for  her  life-work  in  behalf  of  women. — The  Globe. 

Miss  Anthony’s  reception  has  been  one  of  the  events  of  the  week.  .  .  . 

Men  who  have  expended  about  half  of  the  time  and  half  of  the  energy  in  the 
business  of  money-making  which  Miss  Anthony  has  expended  in  benefiting 
the  race,  have  become  millionaires,  and  have  been  held  up  to  the  rising  gen¬ 
eration  as  examples  of  energy  and  industry  worthy  of  imitation.  Bronzes 
have  been  erected  and  numerous  biographies  written  to  do  them  honor.  Had 
Miss  Anthony  labored  for  herself  as  devotedly  as  she  has  for  others,  she 
would  no  doubt  have  received  the  usual  reward  in  greenbacks ;  and  but  for 
the  fact  of  her  being  a  woman,  might  have  had  a  bronze  erected  in  her  honor. 
— The  Courier. 

It  is  not  always  true  that  “  the  good  die  young,”  for  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony 
has  lived  to  celebrate  her  fiftieth  birthday.  .  .  .  Right  glad  are  we  that 

the  anniversary  was  observed  with  due  pomp  and  circumstance.  No  kindly 
tribute  to  great  moral  worth  is  too  good  for  this  good  woman.  As  one  of  the 
chief  heroines  of  our  generation,  she  abundantly  deserves  all  the  honors 
which  were  paid  her  on  that  festal  night.  There  are  many  public-spirited 
workers  in  our  busy  land;  many  noble  souls  who  have  devoted  their  life-long 
energies  to  the  elevation  of  their  fellow-beings;  many  moral  pioneers,  who, 
when  they  die,  will  leave  the  world  better  than  they  found  it;  and  conspicu¬ 
ous  among  these  is  the  staunch,  unwearied  and  indomitable  woman  who,  at 
the  end  of  half  a  century  of  life,  can  remember  but  few  idle  or  wasted  days. 
If  Miss  Anthony’s  persevering  efforts  in  behalf  of  her  sex  are  not  worthy  of 
generous  praise,  then  there  is  no  just  fame  due  to  a  brave  career.  If  her 
methods  have  sometimes  lacked  soundness  of  judgment,  they  have  never 
lacked  nobility  of  purpose.  There  exists  a  peculiar,  invaluable  and  time- 
honored  class  of  plain  and  substantial  women  who  are  said  to  be  “  as  honest 


974 


APPENDIX. 


as  the  day  is  long;  ”  and  Susan  B.  Anthony  is  the  queen  of  this  royal  race. 
Dauntless  and  tireless  as  the  sterner  sex,  sympathetic  and  tender  as  the  gen¬ 
tler,  we  sometimes  think  that  she  is  both  man  and  woman  in  one.  She  is  one 
of  the  sterling  characters  of  our  day.  The  whole  people  ought  to  rejoice  that 
such  a  woman  was  born,  has  lived  and  still  toils. — The  Independent. 

Out  of  scores  of  letters  received  space  allows  the  reproduction  of  but  a  few : 

I  shall  always  be  present  in  sympathy  with  any  number  of  people  who  will 
express  their  admiration  of  the  sterling  traits  which  adorn  the  life  and  char¬ 
acter  of  the  lady  who  now  passes  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  her  most  devoted 
and  unselfish  life.  I  am  glad  to  tender  the  legal  representative  of  a  dollar  for 
each  of  these  years,  with  the  confident  assurance  of  the  early  triumph  of  that 
cause  to  which  her  life  has  been  singularly  devoted.  This  greenback  is  no 
surer  of  being  redeemed  in  gold  than  is  my  confidence  in  the  golden  era  of 
legal  enfranchisement  for  woman  !  .  .  .  Long  before  Miss  Anthony  sees 

her  “threescore  and  ten/’  the  political  equality  of  all  American  citizens  will 
be  fully  established.  With  sentiments  of  the  highest  esteem,  I  am,  very 
cordially  and  truly,  S.  C.  Pomeroy. 

.  .  .  God  bless  her,  and  may  she  live  many  happy,  joyous  years  !  That 

she  and  her  noble  co-workers  are  soon  to  see  the  complete  triumph  of  the 
woman’s  cause  I  firmly  believe.  And  when  in  after  years  the  great  bene¬ 
factors  of  this  century  are  sought  for,  Susan  B.  Anthony’s  name  will  be  found 
occupying  one  of  the  highest  niches  in  the  temple  of  honest  fame.  Truly 
yours,  J.  P.  Root.  [Lieutenant-Governor  of  Kansas.] 

.  .  .  Enclosed  is  a  check  for  $50,  one  for  each  year  of  your  life.  Will 

agree  to  give  you  the  same  pro  rata  sum  on  your  one  hundredth  birthday. 
With  love,  your  brother,  D.  R.  Anthony. 

There  will  be  among  those  who  sympathize  with  and  rejoice  in  your  labors, 
no  lack  of  testimony  tonight  to  their  persistency  and  value ;  but  from  one  who 
deplores  both,  you  will  perhaps  be  willing  to  hear  a  hearty,  cordial,  admiring 
expression  of  the  regard  he  is  nevertheless  forced  to  cherish  for  the  sincerity 
and  the  unmistakably  disinterested  devotion  which  has  marked  your  long 
and  hopeful  work  in  the  cause  you  hold  so  dear  and  serve  so  faithfully.  I  can 
not  wish  you  the  success  you  seek — let  me  give  you  this  better  wish,  that  the 
anniversary  your  friends  celebrate  tonight  may  never  bring  fewer  tokens  of 
regard  than  now,  and  never  find  you  seeming  less  the  faithful  worker  “of 
cheerful  yesterdays  and  confident  tomorrows.”  With  renewed  congratula¬ 
tions  I  am,  very  cordially  yours,  Whitelaw  Reid. 

I  could  not  be  where  I  longed  to  be  last  evening,  where  I  could  look  upon 
the  toilworn  face  of  the  true,  tried  and  never  found  wanting— the  one  of  all 
others  who  has  borne  the  heat  of  the  day,  and  that  without  wilting  or  com¬ 
plaining — ever  hopeful  and  ever  pursuing  “the  even  tenor  of  her  way.” 
Absence  shall  not  keep  from  thee  my  mite,  and  how  I  wish  it  were  ten,  yes, 
twenty  times  as  much,  but  here  it  is  with  my  love,  respect  and  genuine  friend¬ 
ship.  Be  of  brave  heart  and  believe  that  I  am  thy  fast  friend, 

Abby  Hopper  Gibbons. 


APPENDIX. 


975 


Yours  is  a  “  golden  wedding  ”  indeed — for  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  a  life 
that  has  been  wedded  to  a  great  cause  is  a  far  more  glorious  golden  wedding 
than  those  which  generally  go  by  that  name.  Accept  my  heartiest  wishes  for 
your  welfare  and  for  the  success  of  your  novel  celebration.  Heretofore  the 
privilege  of  growing  old  and  possessing  common  sense  has  belonged  exclu¬ 
sively  to  the  other  sex.  Sincerely  yours,  Frances  Ellen  Burr. 

Please  accept  the  enclosed  check  of  $50,  as  a  slight  token  of  regard  from  our 
absent  trio.  As  I  hardly  need  tell  you,  the  lion’s  share  of  this  birthday  gift 
is  sent  by  my  father,  but  neither  mother  nor  I  will  admit  that  in  the  unsub¬ 
stantial,  and  yet  I  hope  not  valueless  part  of  the  offering,  the  personal  regard 
and  appreciation  of  your  noble  work  for  woman  which  accompany  it,  our 
contribution  is  any  less  than  his.  I  remain  yours  very  truly, 

Laura  Curtis  Bullard. 

You  have  worked  for  the  slave  and  for  woman.  Your  fifty  years  shine  about 
you  and  rest  like  a  halo  of  glory  around  your  head.  .  .  .  Fifty  years  to¬ 

day  !  When  that  half-century  again  rolls  around,  you  and  I  will  be  in 
our  graves  and  our  names  and  work  will  stand  back  of  us  to  all  time.  But 
into  that  future  I  look  with  prophetic  eye  to  see  woman  no  longer  enslaved, 
and  to  find,  not  only  on  this  continent,  but  over  the  world,  as  benefac¬ 
tor  of  the  race,  the  name  of  Susan  B.  Anthony.  Your  affectionate  friend, 

Matilda  Joslyn  Gage. 

My  good  husband  in  writing  from  Toledo  says:  “Tell  Susan  that  all  the 
newspaper  accounts  taken  together  could  not  increase  the  pride  which  I  have 
long  felt  in  her  pertinacious,  obstinate,  fault-finding,  raspish,  strong-minded, 
dogmatic  and  grand  career.  God  bless  her!”  To  ail  of  which  I  subscribe 
most  affectionately,  Elizabeth  R.  Tilton. 

.  .  .  .  If  your  Bible  says  you  are  fifty,  I  will  try  to  be  as  reverential  as 

possible  when  next  we  meet.  I  wish  you  similar  health  and  strength  when 
you  are  seventy-five — you’ll  find  no  change  in  me.  I  send  you  by  express 
today  Whittier’s  poems.  Ever  affectionately,  Ellen  Wright  Garrison. 

All  the  people  who  know  you  and  who  don’t  know  you  were  given  oppor¬ 
tunity  to  utter  their  good  wishes,  and  poor  me,  wandering  across  these  west¬ 
ern  spaces,  quite  left  out  in  the  cold !  Please  ma’am,  why  did  I  know 
nothing  of  your  reception  till  it  was  all  over?  I  should  have  sent  you  what 
I  now  send — a  gray  silk  gown,  wherein  you  are  to  make  yourself  fine  and 
grand,  and  a  draft  for  $200  as  a  little  nest-egg. 

If  I  only  had  a  happy  ease  with  my  pen,  how  glad  I  would  have  been  to  put 
on  paper  in  glowing  words  just  what  I  think  of  the  faithful,  unselfish,  earn¬ 
est,  single-minded,  courageous  years,  which  my  dear  old  Susan  has  given  to 
the  service  of  humanity.  How,  through  poverty  and  persecution,  evil  tongues 
and  slanderous  words,  ridicule  and  reproach,  she  has  said,  “Nothing  shall 
daunt  me;  ’tis  God’s  service;  ”  and  so  speaking,  has  held  fast  the  profession 
of  her  faith  without  wavering.  .  .  .  God  bless  her!  God  bless  her! 

The  tears  come  to  my  eyes  as  I  write  that  benediction,  and  think  how  gently 
and  earnestly  men  and  women  alike  in  time  to  come  will  repeat  it  when  her 


976 


APPENDIX. 


name  is  mentioned ;  when  those  same  men  and  women  shall  see  her  life  and 
her  work,  not  as  now  “  through  a  glass  darkly,”  but  as  those  who  gaze 
through  the  sunshine  of  truth.  Good-by,  dear  friend — many  happy  years 
for  you,  prays  your  loving  Anna  E.  Dickinson. 

Accept  the  enclosed  check  for  $50,  not  as  a  present,  merely,  but  as  a  debt, 
honestly  due,  for  “  services  rendered.”  Had  there  been  no  “  agitation  ”  for 
the  last  twenty  years,  resulting  in  so  complete  a  “  Revolution, ”  we  teachers 
might  still  be  working  for  $1  per  week  and  “  boarding  ’round.”  But  thanks 
to  your  unfailing  “  persistency,”  and  the  faithfulness  of  your  co-workers  in 
speaking  for  a  class,  the  majority  of  whom  dare  not  speak  for  themselves 
through  fear  of  losing  the  little  already  gained,  the  salaries  of  all  working- 
women  have  been  largely  increased.  ...  So,  if  need  be,  fight  as  val¬ 
iantly,  dear  sister,  for  the  next  twenty  years  as  for  the  last,  or  at  least  till 
woman’s  right  to  a  voice  in  the  laws  by  which  she  is  governed  shall  be 
acknowledged  in  every  State  and  Territory  of  our  country.  Affectionately 
your  sister,  Mary  S.  Anthony. 

On  this,  your  fiftieth  birthday,  permit  me  to  present  you  my  check  for  $50, 
as  a  slight  and  very  inadequate  expression  of  admiring  gratitude  on  my  part 
for  your  twenty  years  of  arduous  and  self-sacrificing  labor  in  the  cause  of 
woman.  What  woman  has  gained  already,  and  it  is  much,  what  I  and  others 
have  been  able  to  achieve  in  professional  life,  must  be  mainly  ascribed  to 
you,  and  such  as  you.  .  .  .  Your  faithful  friend  and  co-worker, 

Clemence  S.  Lozier. 

Although  away  here  in  Rome,  I  have  kept  track  of  your  goings-on  through 
The  Revolution,  which  comes  regularly.  .  .  .  I  wish  I  could  have 

been  there  to  assist  at  the  merrymaking.  Miss  Manning  has  kindly  offered 
to  take  a  little  remembrance  [an  Etruscan  gold  and  garnet  pin]  to  you  when 
she  goes  home,  which  you  are  to  wear  with  that  new  silk  dress.  You  see 
how  selfish  I  am.  I  wish  to  compel  you  not  only  to  think  of  me,  but  to  asso¬ 
ciate  me  in  your  mind  with  our  peerless  Anna,  God  bless  the  dear  child! 
Ever  affectionately,  Kate  N.  Doggett. 

The  presents  received  were  too  numerous  to  mention.  From  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Cheney,  South  Manchester,  Conn.,  $50;  Erie  Co.  (N.  Y.)  Suffrage  Associa¬ 
tion,  $50;  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  the  Tiltons,  Frank  D.  Moulton,  Mrs.  Hooker, 
Mrs.  S.  C.  Pomeroy,  $25  each;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Samuel  E.  Sewall,  $20;  and 
from  other  friends,  sums  of  ten,  fifteen  and  twenty  dollars,  amounting  in  all 
to  $1,000.  In  addition  were  a  broch£  shawl  from  Mrs.  Stanton,  gold  watch, 
chain  and  pin  from  Miss  Sarah  Johnston,  pen-and-ink  sketch  from  Eliza 
Greatorex,  point  and  duchesse  lace  collars  and  handkerchiefs,  sets  of  books, 
engravings,  gold  pens,  pocket-books,  travelling  case,  and  floral  offerings. 


Chapter  XXY — Page  435. 


CONSTITUTIONAL  ARGUMENT. 

Delivered  in  twenty-nine  of  the  post-office  districts  of  Monroe ,  and  twenty-one  of 
Ontario ,  in  Miss  Anthony's  canvass  of  those  counties  prior 
to  her  trial  in  June ,  1873. 

Friends  and  Fellow -Citizens: — I  stand  before  you  under  indictment  for  the 
alleged  crime  of  having  voted  at  the  last  presidential  election,  without  having 
a  lawful  right  to  vote.  It  shall  be  my  work  this  evening  to  prove  to  you  that 
in  thus  doing,  I  not  only  committed  no  crime,  but  instead  simply  exercised 
my  citizen’s  right,  guaranteed  to  me  and  all  United  States  citizens  by  the 
National  Constitution  beyond  the  power  of  any  State  to  deny. 

Our  democratic-republican  government  is  based  on  the  idea  of  the  natural 
right  of  every  individual  member  thereof  to  a  voice  and  a  vote  in  making  and 
executing  the  laws.  We  assert  the  province  of  government  to  be  to  secure 
the  people  in  the  enjoyment  of  their  inalienable  rights.  We  throw  to  the 
winds  the  old  dogma  that  government  can  give  rights.  No  one  denies  that 
before  governments  were  organized  each  individual  possessed  the  right  to 
protect  his  own  life,  liberty  and  property.  When  100  or  1,000,000  people 
enter  into  a  free  government,  they  do  not  barter  away  their  natural  rights; 
they  simply  pledge  themselves  to  protect  each  other  in  the  enjoyment  of  them 
through  prescribed  judicial  and  legislative  tribunals.  They  agree  to  abandon 
the  methods  of  brute  force  in  the  adjustment  of  their  differences  and  adopt 
those  of  civilization.  Nor  can  you  find  a  word  in  any  of  the  grand  documents 
left  us  by  the  fathers  which  assumes  for  government  the  power  to  create  or  to 
confer  rights.  The  Declaration  of  Independence,  the  United  States  Consti¬ 
tution,  the  constitutions  of  the  several  States  and  the  organic  laws  of  the  Ter¬ 
ritories,  all  alike  propose  to  protect  the  people  in  the  exercise  of  their  God- 
given  rights.  Not  one  of  them  pretends  to  bestow  rights. 

All  men  are  created  equal,  and  endowed  by  their  Creator  with  certain  inalienable 
rights.  Among  these  are  life,  liberty  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness.  To  Secure  these,  govern¬ 
ments  are  instituted  among  men,  deriving  their  just  powers  from  the  consent  of  the  gov¬ 
erned. 

Here  is  no  shadow  of  government  authority  over  rights,  or  exclusion  of  any 
class  from  their  full  and  equal  enjoyment.  Here  is  pronounced  the  right  of 
all  men,  and  “  consequently,”  as  the  Quaker  preacher  said,  “  of  all  women,” 
to  a  voice  in  the  government.  And  here,  in  this  first  paragraph  of  the  Decla¬ 
ration,  is  the  assertion  of  the  natural  right  of  all  to  the  ballot;  for  how  can 
“the  consent  of  the  governed”  be  given,  if  the  right  to  vote  be  denied? 
Again : 

Ant. — 62  (  9  7  7) 


978 


APPENDIX. 


Whenever  any  form  of  government  becomes  destructive  of  these  ends,  it  is  the  right  of  the 
people  to  alter  or  abolish  it,  and  to  institute  a  new  government,  laying  its  foundations  on 
such  principles,  and  organizing  its  powers  in  such  form,  as  to  them  shall  seem  most  likely  to 
effect  their  safety  and  happiness. 

Surely  the  right  of  the  whole  people  to  vote  is  here  clearly  implied ;  for  however 
destructive  to  their  happiness  this  government  might  become,  a  disfranchised 
class  could  neither  alter  nor  abolish  it,  nor  institute  a  new  one,  except  by  the 
old  brute  force  method  of  insurrection  and  rebellion.  One-half  of  the  people 
of  this  nation  today  are  utterly  powerless  to  blot  from  the  statute  books  an 
unjust  law,  or  to  write  there  a  new  and  a  just  one.  The  women,  dissatisfied 
as  they  are  with  this  form  of  government,  that  enforces  taxation  without  rep¬ 
resentation  -that  compels  them  to  obey  laws  to  which  they  never  have  given 
their  consent — that  imprisons  and  hangs  them  without  a  trial  by  a  jury  of 
their  peers — that  robs  them,  in  marriage,  of  the  custody  of  their  own  per¬ 
sons,  wages  and  children — are  this  half  of  the  people  who  are  left  wholly  at  the 
mercy  of  the  other  half,  in  direct  violation  of  the  spirit  and  letter  of  the  dec¬ 
larations  of  the  framers  of  this  government,  every  one  of  which  was  based  on 
the  immutable  principle  of  equal  rights  to  all.  By  these  declarations,  kings,' 
popes,  priests,  aristocrats,  all  were  alike  dethroned  and  placed  on  a  common 
level,  politically,  with  the  lowliest  born  subject  or  serf.  By  them,  too,  men, 
as  such,  were  deprived  of  their  divine  right  to  rule  and  placed  on  a  political 
level  with  women.  By  the  practice  of  these  declarations  all  class  and  caste 
distinctions  would  be  abolished,  and  slave,  serf,  plebeian,  wife,  woman,  all 
alike  rise  from  their  subject  position  to  the  broader  platform  of  equality. 

The  preamble  of  the  Federal  Constitution  says : 

We,  the  people  of  the  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a  more  perfect  union,  establish  jus¬ 
tice,  insure  domestic  tranquillity,  provide  for  the  common  defence,  promote  the  general  wel¬ 
fare  and  secure  the  blessings  of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  posterity,  do  ordain  and  estab¬ 
lish  this  Constitution  for  the  United  States  of  America. 

It  was  we,  the  people,  not  we,  the  white  male  citizens,  nor  we,  the  male 
citizens;  but  wre,  the  whole  people,  who  formed  this  Union.  We  formed  it 
not  to  give  the  blessings  of  liberty  but  to  secure  them ;  not  to  the  half  of  our¬ 
selves  and  the  half  of  our  posterity,  but  to  the  whole  people — women  as  well 
as  men.  It  is  downright  mockery  to  talk  to  women  of  their  enjoyment  of  the 
blessings  of  liberty  while  they  are  denied  the  only  means  of  securing  them 
provided  by  this  democratic-republican  government — the  ballot. 

The  early  journals  of  Congress  show  that,  when  the  committee  reported  to 
that  body  the  original  articles  of  confederation,  the  very  first  one  which  be¬ 
came  the  subject  of  discussion  was  that  respecting  equality  of  suffrage.  Arti¬ 
cle  IV  said : 

The  better  to  secure  and  perpetuate  mutual  friendship  and  intercourse  between  the  people 
of  the  different  States  of  this  Union,  the  free  inhabitants  of  each  of  the  States  (paupers, 
vagabonds  and  fugitives  from  justice  excepted)  shall  be  entitled  to  all  the  privileges  and 
immunities  of  the  free  citizens  of  the  several  States. 

Thus,  at  the  very  beginning,  did  the  fathers  see  the  necessity  of  the  univer¬ 
sal  application  of  the  great  principle  of  equal  rights  to  all,  in  order  to  produce 
the  desired  result — a  harmonious  union  and  a  homogeneous  people. 


APPENDIX. 


979 


Luther  Martin,  attorney-general  of  Maryland,  in  his  report  to  the  legisla¬ 
ture  of  that  State  of  the  convention  which  framed  the  United  States  Constitu¬ 
tion,  said: 

Those  who  advocated  the  equality  of  suffrage  took  the  matter  up  on  the  original  principles 
of  government:  that  the  reason  why  each  individual  man  in  forming  a  State  government 
should  have  an  equal  vote,  is  because  each  individual,  before  he  enters  into  government,  is 
equally  free  and  equally  independent. 

James  Madison  said: 

Under  every  view  of  the  subject,  it  seems  indispensable  that  the  mass  of  the  citizens  should 
not  be  without  a  voice  in  making  the  laws  which  they  are  to  obey,  and  in  choosing  the  magis¬ 
trates  who  are  to  administer  them.  .  .  .  Let  it  be  remembered,  finally,  that  it  has  ever 
been  the  pride  and  the  boast  of  America  that  the  rights  for  which  she  contended  were  the 
rights  of  human  nature. 

These  assertions  by  the  framers  of  the  United  States  Constitution  of  the 
equal  and  natural  right  of  all  the  people  to  a  voice  in  the  government,  have 
been  affirmed  and  reaffirmed  by  the  leading  statesmen  of  the  nation  through¬ 
out  the  entire  history  of  our  government.  Thaddeus  Stevens,  of  Pennsyl¬ 
vania,  said  in  1866:  “I  have  made  up  my  mind  that  the  elective  franchise 
is  one  of  the  inalienable  rights  meant  to  be  secured  by  the  Declaration  of 
Independence. ”  B.  Gratz  Brown,  of  Missouri,  in  the  three  days’  discussion 
in  the  United  States  Senate  in  1866,  on  Senator  Cowan’s  motion  to  strike 
“  male  ”  from  the  District  of  Columbia  suffrage  bill,  said : 

Mr.  President,  I  say  here  on  the  floor  of  the  American  Senate,  I  stand  for  universal  suf¬ 
frage  ;  and  as  a  matter  of  fundamental  principle,  do  not  recognize  the  right  of  society  to 
limit  it  on  any  ground  of  race  or  sex.  I  will  go  farther  and  say  that  I  recognize  the  right  of 
franchise  as  being  intrinsically  a  natural  right.  I  do  not  believe  that  society  is  authorized 
to  impose  any  limitations  upon  it  that  do  not  spring  out  of  the  necessities  of  the  social  state 
itself.  Sir,  I  have  been  shocked,  in  the  course  of  this  debate,  to  hear  senators  declare  this 
right  only  a  conventional  and  political  arrangement,  a  privilege  yielded  to  you  and  me  and 
others ;  not  a  right  in  any  sense,  only  a  concession !  Mr.  President,  I  do  not  hold  my  lib¬ 
erties  by  any  such  tenure.  On  the  contrary,  I  believe  that  whenever  you  establish  that  doc¬ 
trine,  whenever  you  crystallize  that  idea  in  the  public  mind  of  this  country,  you  ring  the 
death-knell  of  American  liberties. 

Charles  Sumner,  in  his  brave  protests  against  the  Fourteenth  and  Fifteenth 
Amendments,  insisted  that  so  soon  as  by  the  Thirteenth  Amendment  the 
slaves  became  free  men,  the  original  powers  of  the  United  States  Constitu¬ 
tion  guaranteed  to  them  equal  rights — the  right  to  rote  and  to  be  voted  for. 
In  closing  one  of  his  great  speeches  he  said: 

Ido  not  hesitate  to  say  that  when  the  slaves  of  our  country  became  “citizens”  they 
took  their  place  in  the  body  politic  as  a  component  part  of  the  “  people,”  entitled  to  equal 
rights  and  under  the  protection  of  these  two  guardian  principles :  First,  that  all  just 
governments  stand  on  the  consent  of  the  governed ;  and  second,  that  taxation  without 
representation  is  tyranny ;  and  these  rights  it  is  the  duty  of  Congress  to  guarantee  as  es¬ 
sential  to  the  idea  of  a  republic. 

The  preamble  of  the  constitution  of  the  State  of  New  York  declares  the 
same  purpose.  It  says:  “We,  the  people  of  the  State  of  New  York,  grate¬ 
ful  to  Almighty  God  for  our  freedom,  in  order  to  secure  its  blessings,  do  es¬ 
tablish  this  constitution.”  Here  is  not  the  slightest  intimation  either  of  re- 


980 


APPENDIX. 


ceiving  freedom  from  the  United  States  Constitution,  or  of  the  State’s  con¬ 
ferring  the  blessings  of  liberty  upon  the  people ;  and  the  same  is  true  of  every 
other  State  constitution.  Each  and  all  declare  rights  God-given,  and  that  to 
secure  the  people  in  the  enjoyment  of  their  inalienable  rights  is  their  one 
and  only  object  in  ordaining  and  establishing  government.  All  of  the  State 
constitutions  are  equally  emphatic  in  their  recognition  of  the  ballot  as  the 
means  of  securing  the  people  in  the  enjoyment  of  these  rights.  Article  I  of 
the  New  York  State  constitution  says : 

No  member  of  this  State  shall  be  disfranchised  or  deprived  of  the  rights  or  privileges 
secured  to  any  citizen  thereof,  unless  by  the  law  of  the  land,  or  the  judgment  of  his  peers. 

So  carefully  guarded  is  the  citizen’s  right  to  vote,  that  the  constitution 
makes  special  mention  of  all  who  may  be  excluded.  It  says:  “Laws  may 
be  passed  excluding  from  the  right  of  suffrage  all  persons  who  have  been  or 
may  be  convicted  of  bribery,  larceny  or  any  infamous  crime.” 

In  naming  the  various  employments  which  shall  not  affect  the  residence  of 
voters,  Section  3,  Article  II,  says  “that  neither  being  kept  in  any  almshouse, 
or  other  asylum,  at  public  expense,  nor  being  confined  in  any  public  prison, 
shall  deprive  a  person  of  his  residence,”  and  hence  of  his  vote.  Thus  is  the 
right  of  voting  most  sacredly  hedged  about.  The  only  seeming  permission 
in  the  New  York  State  constitution  for  the  disfranchisement  of  women  is  in 
Section  1,  Article  II,  which  says:  “  Every  male  citizen  of  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  years,  etc.,  shall  be  entitled  to  vote.” 

But  I  submit  that  in  view  of  the  explicit  assertions  of  the  equal  right  of  the 
whole  people,  both  in  the  preamble  and  previous  article  of  the  constitution, 
this  omission  of  the  adjective  “female  ”  should  not  be  construed  into  a  de¬ 
nial  ;  but  instead  should  be  considered  as  of  no  effect.  Mark  the  direct  pro¬ 
hibition,  “  No  member  of  this  State  shall  be  disfranchised,  unless  by  the  law 
of  the  land,  or  the  judgment  of  his  peers.”  “The  law  of  the  land”  is  the 
United  States  Constitution ;  and  there  is  no  provision  in  that  document  which 
can  be  fairly  construed  into  a  permission  to  the  States  to  deprive  any  class  of 
citizens  of  their  right  to  vote.  Hence  New  York  can  get  no  power  from  that 
source  to  disfranchise  one  entire  half  of  her  members.  Nor  has  “the  judg¬ 
ment  of  their  peers  ”  been  pronounced  against  women  exercising  their  right  to 
vote ;  no  disfranchised  person  is  allowed  to  be  judge  or  juror — and  none  but 
disfranchised  persons  can  be  women’s  peers.  Nor  has  the  legislature  passed 
laws  excluding  women  as  a  class  on  account  of  idiocy  or  lunacy  ;  nor  have  the 
courts  convicted  them  of  bribery,  larceny  or  any  infamous  crime.  Clearly, 
then,  there  is  no  constitutional  ground  for  the  exclusion  of  women  from  the 
ballot-box  in  the  State  of  New  York.  No  barriers  whatever  stand  today  be¬ 
tween  women  and  the  exercise  of  their  right  to  vote  save  those  of  precedent 
and  prejudice,  which  refuse  to  expunge  the  word  “  male  ”  from  the  constitu¬ 
tion. 

The  clauses  of  the  United  States  Constitution  cited  by  our  opponents  as  giv¬ 
ing  power  to  the  States  to  disfranchise  any  classes  of  citizens  they  please,  are 
contained  in  Sections  2  and  4,  Article  I.  The  second  says : 

The  House  of  ^Representatives  shall  be  composed  of  members  chosen  every  second  year  by 
the  people  of  the  several  States ;  and  the  electors  in  each  State  shall  have  the  qualifications 
requisite  for  electors  of  the  most  numerous  branch  of  the  State  legislature. 


APPENDIX. 


981 


This  can  not  be  construed  into  a  concession  to  the  States  of  the  power  to  de¬ 
stroy  the  right  to  become  an  elector,  but  simply  to  prescribe  what  shall  be  the 
qualifications,  such  as  competency  of  intellect,  maturity  of  age,  length  of  res¬ 
idence,  that  shall  be  deemed  necessary  to  enable  them  to  make  an  intelligent 
choice  of  candidates.  If,  as  our  opponents  assert,  it  is  the  duty  of  the  United 
States  to  protect  citizens  in  the  several  States  against  higher  or  different  qual¬ 
ifications  for  electors  for  representatives  in  Congress  than  for  members  of  the 
Assembly,  then  it  must  be  equally  imperative  for  the  national  government  to 
interfere  with  the  States,  and  forbid  them  from  arbitrarily  cutting  off  the  right 
of  one-half  the  people  to  become  electors  altogether.  Section  4  says : 

The  times,  places  and  manner  of  holding  elections  for  senators  and  representatives  shall 
be  prescribed  in  each  State  by  the  legislature  thereof ;  but  Congress  may  at  any  time,  by  law, 
make  or  alter  such  regulations,  except  as  to  the  places  of  choosing  senators. 

Here  is  conceded  to  the  States  only  the  power  to  prescribe  times,  places  and 
manner  of  holding  the  elections ;  and  even  with  these  Congress  may  inter¬ 
fere  in  all  excepting  the  mere  place  of  choosing  senators.  Thus,  you  see, 
there  is  not  the  slightest  permission  for  the  States  to  discriminate  against  the 
right  of  any  class  of  citizens  to  vote.  Surely,  to  regulate  can  not  be  to  anni¬ 
hilate  ;  to  qualify  can  not  be  wholly  to  deprive.  To  this  principle  every  true 
Democrat  and  Republican  said  amen,  when  applied  to  black  men  by  Senator 
Sumner  in  his  great  speeches  from  1865  to  1869  for  equal  rights  to  all ;  and 
when,  in  1871,  I  asked  that  senator  to  declare  the  power  of  the  United  States 
Constitution  to  protect  women  in  their  right  to  vote — as  he  had  done  for 
black  men— he  handed  me  a  copy  of  all  his  speeches  during  that  reconstruc¬ 
tion  period,  and  said: 

Put  “ sex ”  where  I  have  “  race  ”  or  “color,”  and  you  have  here  the  best  and  strongest 
argument  I  can  make  for  woman.  There  is  not  a  doubt  but  women  have  the  constitutional 
right  to  vote,  and  I  will  never  vote  for  a  Sixteenth  Amendment  to  guarantee  it  to  them.  I 
voted  for  both  the  Fourteenth  and  Fifteenth  under  protest ;  would  never  have  done  it  but 
for  the  pressing  emergency  of  that  hour ;  would  have  insisted  that  the  power  of  the  original 
Constitution  to  protect  all  citizens  in  the  equal  enjoyment  of  their  rights  should  have  been 
vindicated  through  the  courts.  But  the  newly-made  freedmen  had  neither  the  intelligence, 
wealth  nor  time  to  await  that  slow  process.  Women  do  possess  all  these  in  an  eminent 
degi'ee,  and  I  insist  that  they  shall  appeal  to  the  courts,  and  through  them  establish  the 
powers  of  our  American  magna  charta  to  protect  every  citizen  of  the  republic. 

But,  friends,  when  in  accordance  with  Senator  Sumner’s  counsel  I  went  to 
the  ballot-box,  last  November,  and  exercised  my  citizen’s  right  to  vote,  the 
courts  did  not  wait  for  me  to  appeal  to  them — they  appealed  to  me,  and  in¬ 
dicted  me  on  the  charge  of  having  voted  illegally.  Putting  sex  where  he  did 
color,  Senator  Sumner  would  have  said : 

Qualifications  can  not  be  in  their  nature  permanent  or  insurmountable.  Sex  can  not  be  a 
qualification  any  more  than  size,  race,  color  or  previous  condition  of  servitude.  A  perma¬ 
nent  or  insurmountable  qualification  is  equivalent  to  a  deprivation  of  the  suffrage.  In 
other  words,  it  is  the  tyranny  of  taxation  without  representation,  against  which  our  Revolu¬ 
tionary  mothers,  as  well  as  fathers,  rebelled. 

For  any  State  to  make  sex  a  qualification,  which  must  ever  result  in  the 
disfranchisement  of  one  entire  half  of  the  people,  is  to  pass  a  bill  of  at¬ 
tainder,  an  ex  post  facto  law,  and  is  therefore  a  violation  of  the  supreme 


982 


APPENDIX. 


law  of  the  land.  By  it  the  blessings  of  liberty  are  forever  withheld  from 
women  and  their  female  posterity.  For  them,  this  government  has  no  just 
powers  derived  from  the  consent  of  the  governed.  For  them  this  government  is 
not  a  democracy  ;  it  is  not  a  republic.  It  is  the  most  odious  aristocracy  ever  estab¬ 
lished  on  the  face  of  the  globe.  An  oligarchy  of  wealth,  where  the  rich  govern 
the  poor;  an  oligarchy  of  learning,  where  the  educated  govern  the  ignorant; 
or  even  an  oligarchy  of  race,  where  the  Saxon  rules  the  African,  might  be  en¬ 
dured  ;  but  this  oligarchy  of  sex  which  makes  father,  brothers,  husband, 
sons,  the  oligarchs  over  the  mother  and  sisters,  the  wife  and  daughters  of 
every  household;  which  ordains  all  men  sovereigns,  all  women  subjects — car¬ 
ries  discord  and  rebellion  into  every  home  of  the  nation.  This  most  odious 
aristocracy  exists,  too,  in  the  face  of  Section  4,  Article  IV,  which  says:  “  The 
United  States  shall  guarantee  to  every  State  in  the  Union  a  republican  form 
of  government.” 


What,  I  ask  you,  is  the  distinctive  difference  between  the  inhabitants  of  a 


monarchical  and  those  of  a  republican  form  of  government,  save  that  in  the 
monarchical  the  people  are  subjects,  helpless,  powerless,  bound  to  obey  laws 
made  by  political  superiors;  while  in  the  republican  the  people  are  citizens, 
individual  sovereigns,  all  clothed  with  equal  power  to  make  and  unmake  both 
their  laws  and  law-makers  ?  The  moment  you  deprive  a  person  of  his  right 
to  a  voice  in  the  government,  you  degrade  him  from  the  status  of  a  citizen  of 
the  lepublic  to  that  of  a  subject.  It  matters  very  little  to  him  whether  his 
monarch  be  an  individual  tyrant,  as  is  the  Czar  of  Russia,  or  a  15,000,000 
headed  monster,  as  here  in  the  United  States;  he  is  a  powerless  subject,  serf 
or  slave;  not  in  any  sense  a  free  and  independent  citizen. 

It  is  urged  that  the  use  of  the  masculine  pronouns  he,  his  and  him  in  all  the 
constitutions  and  laws,  is  proof  that  only  men  were  meant  to  be  included  in 
their  provisions.  If  you  insist  on  this  version  of  the  letter  of  the  law,  we 
shall  insist  that  you  be  consistent  and  accept  the  other  horn  of  the  dilemma, 
which  would  compel  you  to  exempt  women  from  taxation  for  the  support  of 
the  government  and  from  penalties  for  the  violation  of  laws.  There  is  no 


she  ot  hei  oi  hevs  in  the  tax  laws,  and  this  is  equally  true  of  all  the  criminal 
laws. 

Take  for  example  the  civil  rights  law  which  I  am  charged  with  having  vio¬ 
lated ;  not  only  are  all  the  pronouns  in  it  masculine,  but  everybody  knows 
that  it  was  intended  expressly  to  hinder  the  rebel  men  from  voting.  It  reads, 
“  If  any  person  shall  knowingly  vote  without  his  having  a  lawful  right.”  It 
was  precisely  so  with  all  the  papers  served  on  me— the  United  States  mar¬ 
shal  s  warrant,  the  bail-bond,  the  petition  for  habeas  corpus,  the  bill  of  in¬ 
dictment— not  one  of  them  had  a  feminine  pronoun  ;  but  to  make  them  appli¬ 
cable  to  me,  the  clerk  of  the  court  prefixed  an  “  s  ”  to  the  “  he  ”  and  made 

hei  out  of  his  and  “him;”  and  I  insist  if  government  officials  may 
thus  manipulate  the  pronouns  to  tax,  fine,  imprison  and  hang  women,  it  is 
their  duty  to  thus  change  them  in  order  to  protect  us  in  our  right  to  vote. 

So  long  as  any  classes  of  men  were  denied  this  right,  the  government  made 
a  show  of  consistency  by  exempting  them  from  taxation.  When  a  property 
qualification  of  $250  was  required  of  black  men  in  New  York,  they  were  not 
compelled  to  pay  taxes  so  long  as  they  were  content  to  report  themselves 


APPENDIX. 


983 


worth  lees  than  that  sum ;  but  the  moment  the  black  man  died  and  his  prop¬ 
erty  fell  to  his  widow  or  daughter,  the  black  woman’s  name  was  put  on  the 
assessor’s  list  and  she  was  compelled  to  pay  taxes  on  this  same  property. 
This  also  is  true  of  ministers  in  New  York.  So  long  as  the  minister  lives,  he 
is  exempted  from  taxation  on  $1,500  of  property,  but  the  moment  the  breath 
leaves  his  body,  his  widow’s  name  goes  on  the  assessor’s  list  and  she  has  to 
pay  taxes  on  the  $1,500.  So  much  for  special  legislation  in  favor  of  women! 

In  all  the  penalties  and  burdens  of  government  (except  the  military) 
women  are  reckoned  as  citizens,  equally  with  men.  Also,  in  all  the  privi¬ 
leges  and  immunities,  save  those  of  the  jury  and  the  ballot-box,  the  founda¬ 
tion  on  which  rest  all  the  others.  The  United  States  government  not  only 
taxes,  fines,  imprisons  and  hangs  women,  but  it  allows  them  to  pre-empt 
lands,  register  ships  and  take  out  passports  and  naturalization  papers.  Not 
only  does  the  law  permit  single  women  and  widows  the  right  of  naturaliza¬ 
tion,  but  Section  2  says,  “A  married  woman  may  be  naturalized  without  the 
concurrence  of  her  husband;  ”  (I  wonder  the  fathers  were  not  afraid  of  cre¬ 
ating  discord  in  the  families  of  foreigners  ; )  and  again : 

When  an  alien,  having  complied  with  the  law  and  declared  his  intention  to  become  a  citi¬ 
zen,  dies  before  he  is  actually  naturalized,  his  widow  and  children  shall  be  considered 
citizens,  entitled  to  all  rights  and  privileges  as  such,  on  taking  the  required  oath. 

If  a  foreign  born  woman  by  becoming  a  naturalized  citizen  is  entitled  to 
all  the  rights  and  privileges  of  citizenship,  do  not  these  include  the  ballot 
which  would  have  belonged  to  her  husband  ?  If  this  is  true  of  a  naturalized 
woman,  is  it  not  equally  true  of  one  who  is  native  born  ? 

The  question  of  the  masculine  pronouns — yes,  and  nouns  too — was  settled 
by  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  in  the  case  of  Silver  versus  Ladd,  De¬ 
cember,  1868.  The  court  said  : 

In  construing  a  benevolent  statute  of  the  government,  made  for  the  benefit  of  its  own  citi¬ 
zens,  inviting  and  encouraging  them  to  settle  on  its  distant  public  lands,  the  words  “  single 
man  ”  and  “  unmarried  man  ”  may,  especially  if  aided  by  the  context  and  other  parts  of  the 
statute,  be  taken  in  a  generic  sense.  Held,  accordingly,  that  th^  Fourth  Section  of  the  Act 
of  Congress,  of  September  27,  1850,  granting  by  way  of  donation  lands  in  Oregon  Territory  to 
every  white  settler  or  occupant,  American  half-breed  Indians  included,  embraced  within  the 
term  single  man  an  unmarried  woman. 

Though  the  words  persons,  people,  inhabitants,  electors,  citizens,  are  all 
used  indiscriminately  in  the  national  and  State  constitutions,  there  was 
always  a  conflict  of  opinion,  prior  to  the  war,  as  to  whether  they  were  synony¬ 
mous  terms,  but  whatever  room  there  was  for  doubt,  under  the  old  regime, 
the  adoption  of  the  Fourteenth  Amendment  settled  that  question  forever  in 
its  first  sentence : 

All  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States,  and  subject  to  the  jurisdiction 
thereof,  are  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  State  wherein  they  reside. 

The  second  settles  the  equal  status  of  all  citizens : 

No  State  shall  make  or  enforce  any  law  which  shall  abridge  the  privileges  or  immunities 
of  citizens  of  the  United  States;  nor  shall  any  State  deprive  any  person  of  life,  liberty  or 
property  without  due  process  of  law,  or  deny  to  any  person  within  its  jurisdiction  the  equal 
protection  of  the  laws. 


984 


APPENDIX. 


The  onty  question  left  to  be  settled  now  is:  Are  women  persons?  I 
scaiceiy  believe  any  of  our  opponents  will  have  the  hardihood  to,  say  they 
are  not.  Being  persons,  then,  women  are  citizens,  and  no  State  has  a  right 
to  make  any  new  law,  or  to  enforce  any  old  law,  which  shall  abridge  their 
privileges  or  immunities.  Hence,  every  discrimination  against  women  in  the 
constitutions  and  laws  of  the  several  States  is  today  null  and  void,  precisely 
as  is  every  one  against  negroes. 

Is  the  right  to  vote  one  of  the  privileges  or  immunities  of  citizens?  I 
think  the  disfranchised  ex-rebels  and  ex-State  prisoners  all  will  agree  that  it 
io  not  only  one  of  them,  but  the  one  without  which  all  the  others  are  noth¬ 
ing.  Seek  first  the  kingdom  of  the  ballot  and  all  things  else  shall  be  added, 
is  the  political  injunction.  > 

Webster,  Worcester  and  Bouvier  all  define  citizen  to  be  a  person,  in  the 
United  States,  entitled  to  vote  and  hold  office.  Prior  to  the  adoption  of  the 
Thirteenth  Amendment,  by  which  slavery  was  forever  abolished  and  black 
men  transformed  from  property  to  persons,  the  judicial  opinions  of  the  coun¬ 
try  had  always  been  in  harmony  with  this  definition :  In  order  to  be  a  citi¬ 
zen  one  must  be  a  voter.  Associate-Justice  Washington,  in  defining  the 
piivileges  and  immunities  of  the  citizen,  more  than  fifty  years  ago,  said: 

ihey  include  all  such  privileges  as  are  fundamental  in  their  nature;  and 
among  them  is  the  right  to  exercise  the  elective  franchise,  and  to  hold  office.” 
Even  the  Dred  Scott  decision,  pronounced  by  the  Abolitionists  and  Repub¬ 
licans  infamous  because  it  virtually  declared  “  black  men  had  no  rights  white 
men  were  bound  to  respect,”  gave  this  true  and  logical  conclusion,  that  to  be 
one  of  the  people  was  to  be  a  citizen  and  a  voter. 

Chief- Justice  Daniels  said: 


j-here  is  not,  it  is  believed,  to  be  found  in  the  theories  of  writers  on  government,  or  in  any 
actual  experiment  heretofore  made,  an  exposition  of  the  term  citizen  which  has  not  been 
considered  as  conferring  the  actual  possession  and  enjoyment  of  an  entire  equality  of  privi¬ 
leges,  civil  and  political. 


Associate-Justice  Taney  said: 


The  words  people  of  the  United  States”  and  “citizens”  are  synonymous  terms,  and 
mean  the  same  thing.  They  both  describe  the  political  body,  who,  according  to  our  repub¬ 
lican  institutions,  form  the  sovereignty,  and  who  hold  the  power  and  conduct  the  government 
through  their  representatives.  They  are  what  we  familiarly  call  “  the  sovereign  people,” 
and  every  citizen  is  one  of  this  people,  and  a  constituent  member  of  this  sovereignty. 


Thus  does  Judge  Taney’s  decision,  which  was  so  terrible  a  ban  to  the  black 
man  while  he  was  a  slave,  now  that  he  is  a  person  and  no  longer  property, 
pronounce  him  a  citizen,  possessed  of  entire  equality  of  privileges,  civil  and 
political;  and  not  only  the  black  man,  but  the  black  woman,  and  all  women, 
it  was  not  until  after  the  abolition  of  slavery,  by  which  the  negroes  became 
free  men  and  hence  citizens,  that  any  contrary  opinion  was  rendered.  U.  S 
Attorney-General  Bates  then  said  : 


he  c<»stitution  uses  the  word  “  citizen  ”  only  to  express  the  political  quality,  [not  equal¬ 
ity  ,  mark,]  of  the  individual  in  his  relation  to  the  nation ;  to  declare  that  he  is  a  member  of 
ie  body  politic,  and  bound  to  it  by  the  reciprocal  obligations  of  allegiance  on  the  one  side 


APPENDIX. 


985 


and  protection  on  the  other.  The  phrase,  “  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,”  without  addition 
or  qualification,  means  neither  more  nor  less  than  a  member  of  the  nation. 

Then,  to  be  a  citizen  of  this  republic  is  no  more  than  to  be  a  subject  of  an 
empire.  You  and  I,  and  all  true  and  patriotic  citizens,  must  repudiate  this 
base  conclusion.  We  all  know  that  American  citizenship,  without  addition 
or  qualification,  means  the  possession  of  equal  rights,  civil  and  political.  We 
all  know  that  the  crowning  glory  of  every  citizen  of  the  United  States  is  that 
he  can  either  give  or  withhold  his  vote  from  every  law  and  every  legislator 
under  the  government. 

Did  “  I  am  a  Roman  citizen”  mean  nothing  more  than  that  I  am  a  “mem¬ 
ber”  of  the  body  politic  of  the  republic  of  Rome,  bound  to  it  by  the  recipro¬ 
cal  obligations  of  allegiance  on  the  one  side  and  protection  on  the  other? 
When  you,  young  man,  shall  travel  abroad,  among  the  monarchies  of  the  old 
world,  and  there  proudly  boast  yourself  an  “American  citizen,”  will  you 
thereby  declare  yourself  neither  more  nor  less  than  a  “  member  ”  of  the 
American  nation? 

This  opinion  of  Attorney-General  Bates,  that  a  black  citizen  was  not  a 
voter,  given  merely  to  suit  the  political  exigency  of  the  Republican  party  in 
that  transition  hour  between  emancipation  and  enfranchisement,  was  no  less 
infamous,  in  spirit  or  purpose,  than  wras  the  decision  of  Judge  Taney,  that  a 
black  man  was  not  one  of  the  people,  rendered  in  the  interest  and  at  the  be¬ 
hest  of  the  old  Democratic  party  in  its  darkest  hour  of  subjection  to  the  slave 
power.  Nevertheless,  all  of  the  adverse  arguments,  congressional  reports 
and  judicial  opinions,  thus  far,  have  been  based  on  this  purely  partisan,  time¬ 
serving  decision  of  General  Bates,  that  the  normal  condition  of  the  citizen 
of  the  United  States  is  that  of  disfranchisement;  that  only  such  classes  of 
citizens  as  have  had  special  legislative  guarantee  have  a  legal  right  to  vote. 

If  this  decision  of  Attorney-General  Bates  was  infamous,  as  against  black 
men,  but  yesterday  plantation  slaves,  what  shall  we  pronounce  upon  Judge 
Bingham,  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  Carpenter,  in  the  Senate  of 
the  United  States,  for  citing  it  against  the  women  of  the  entire  nation,  vast 
numbers  of  whom  are  the  peers  of  those  honorable  gentlemen  themselves  in 
morals,  intellect,  culture,  wealth,  family,  paying  taxes  on  large  estates,  and 
contributing  equally  with  them  and  their  sex,  in  every  direction,  to  the 
growth,  prosperity  and  well-being  of  the  republic?  And  what  shall  be  said 
of  the  judicial  opinions  of  Judges  Cartter,  Jameson,  McKay  and  Sharswood, 
all  based  upon  this  aristocratic,  monarchial  idea  of  the  right  of  one  class  to 
govern  another  ? 

I  am  proud  to  mention  the  names  of  the  two  United  States  judges  who 
have  given  opinions  honorable  to  our  republican  idea,  and  honorable  to  them¬ 
selves — Judge  Howe,  of  Wyoming  Territory,  and  Judge  Underwood,  of  Vir¬ 
ginia.  The  former  gave  it  as  his  opinion  a  year  ago,  when  the  legislature 
seemed  likely  to  revoke  the  law  enfranchising  the  women  of  that  Teiritoiy 
that,  in  case  they  succeeded,  the  women  would  still  possess  the  right  to  vote 
under  the  Fourteenth  Amendment.  The  latter,  in  noticing  the  recent  decis¬ 
ion  of  Judge  Cartter,  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  deny¬ 
ing  to  women  the  right  to  vote  under  the  Fourteenth  and  Fifteenth  Amend¬ 
ments,  says: 


986 


APPENDIX. 


If  the  people  of  the  United  States,  by  amendment  of  their  Constitution,  could  expunge, 
without  any  explanatory  or  assisting  legislation,  an  adjective  of  five  letters  from  all  State 
and  local  constitutions,  and  thereby  raise  millions  of  our  most  ignorant  fellow-citizens  to 
all  of  the  rights  and  privileges  of  electors,  why  should  not  the  same  people,  by  the  same 
amendment,  expunge  an  adjective  of  four  letters  from  the  same  State  and  local  constitu¬ 
tions,  and  thereby  raise  other  millions  of  more  educated  and  better  informed  citizens  to 
equal  rights  and  privileges,  without  explanatory  or  assisting  legislation  ? 

If  the  Fourteenth  Amendment  does  not  secure  to  all  citizens  the  right  to 
vote,  for  what  purpose  was  that  grand  old  charter  of  the  fathers  lumbered 
with  its  unwieldy  proportions?  The  Republican  party,  and  Judges  Howard 
and  Bingham,  who  drafted  the  document,  pretended  it  was  to  do  something 
for  black  men ;  and  if  that  something  were  not  to  secure  them  in  their 
right  to  vote  and  hold  office,  what  could  it  have  been?  For  by  the  Thirteenth 
Amendment  black  men  had  become  people,  and  hence  were  entitled  to  all 
the  privileges  and  immunities  of  the  government,  precisely  as  were  the 
women  of  the  country  and  foreign  men  not  naturalized.  According  to  Asso¬ 
ciate-Justice  Washington,  they  already  had: 

Protection  of  the  government,  the  enjoyment  of  life  and  liberty,  with  the  right  to  acquire 
and  possess  property  of  every  kind,  and  to  pursue  and  obtain  happiness  and  safety,  subject 
to  such  restraints  as  the  government  may  justly  prescribe  for  the  general  welfare  of  the 
whole ;  the  right  of  a  citizen  of  one  State  to  pass  through  or  to  reside  in  any  other  State  for 
the  purpose  of  trade,  agriculture,  professional  pursuit,  or  otherwise  ;  to  claim  the  benefit  of 
the  writ  of  habeas  corpus,  to  institute  and  maintain  actions  of  any  kind  in  the  courts  of 
the  State  ;  to  take,  hold,  and  dispose  of  property,  either  real  or  personal,  and  an  exemption 
from  higher  taxes  or  impositions  than  are  paid  by  the  other  citizens  of  the  State. 

Thus,  you  see,  those  newly-freed  men  were  in  possession  of  every  possible 
right,  privilege  and  immunity  of  the  government,  except  that  of  suffrage,  and 
hence  needed  no  constitutional  amendment  for  any  other  purpose.  What 
right  in  this  country  has  the  Irishman  the  day  after  he  receives  his  naturaliza¬ 
tion  papers  that  he  did  not  possess  the  day  before,  save  the  right  to  vote  and 
hold  office?  The  Chinamen  now  crowding  our  Pacific  coast  are  in  precisely 
the  same  position.  What  privilege  or  immunity  has  California  or  Oregon  the 
right  to  deny  them,  save  that  of  the  ballot?  Clearly,  then,  if  the  Fourteenth 
Amendment  was  not  to  secure  to  black  men  their  right  to  vote  it  did  nothing 
for  them,  since  they  possessed  everything  else  before.  But  if  it  was  intended 
to  prohibit  the  States  from  denying  or  abridging  their  right  to  vote,  then  it 
did  the  same  for  all  persons,  white  women  included,  born  or  naturalized  in 
the  United  States;  for  the  amendment  does  not  say  that  all  male  persons  of 
African  descent,  but  that  all  persons  are  citizens. 

The  second  section  is  simply  a  threat  to  punish  the  States  by  reducing  their 
representation  on  the  floor  of  Congress,  should  they  disfranchise  any  of  their 
male  citizens,  and  can  not  be  construed  into  a  sanction  to  disfranchise  female 
citizens,  nor  does  it  in  any  wise  weaken  or  invalidate  the  universal  guarantee 
of  the  first  section. 

However  much  the  doctors  of  the  law  may  disagree  as  to  whether  people 
and  citizens,  in  the  original  Constitution,  were  one  and  the  same,  or  whether 
the  privileges  and  immunities  in  the  Fourteenth  Amendment  include  the 
right  of  suffrage,  the  question  of  the  citizen’s  right  to  vote  is  forever  settled  by 
the  Fifteenth  Amendment.  ‘‘The  right  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  to 


APPENDIX. 


987 


vote  shall  not  be  denied  or  abridged  by  the  United  States,  or  by  any  State, 
on  account  of  race,  color  or  previous  condition  of  servitude.”  How  can  the 
State  deny  or  abridge  the  right  of  the  citizen,  if  the  citizen  does  not  possess 
it?  There  is  no  escape  from  the  conclusion  that  to  vote  is  the  citizen’s  right, 
and  the  specifications  of  race,  color  or  previous  condition  of  servitude  can  in 
no  way  impair  the  force  of  that  emphatic  assertion  that  the  citizen’s  right  to 
vote  shall  not  be  denied  or  abridged. 

The  political  strategy  of  the  second  section  of  the  Fourteenth  Amendment 
failing  to  coerce  the  rebel  States  into  enfranchising  their  negroes,  and  the 
necessities  of  the  Republican  party  demanding  their  votes  throughout  the 
South  to  ensure  the  re-election  of  Grant  in  1872,  that  party  was  compelled  to 
place  this  positive  prohibition  of  the  Fifteenth  Amendment  upon  the  United 
States  and  all  the  States  thereof. 

If  once  we  establish  the  false  principle  that  United  States  citizenship  does 
not  carry  with  it  the  right  to  vote  in  every  State  in  this  Union,  there  is  no 
end  to  the  petty  tricks  and  cunning  devices  which  will  be  attempted  to  ex¬ 
clude  one  and  another  class  of  citizens  from  the  right  of  suffrage.  It  will  not 
always  be  the  men  combining  to  disfranchise  all  women;  native  born  men 
combining  to  abridge  the  rights  of  all  naturalized  citizens,  as  in  Rhode  Island. 
It  will  not  always  be  the  rich  and  educated  who  may  combine  to  cut  off  the  poor 
and  ignorant ;  but  we  may  live  to  see  the  hard-working,  uncultivated  day  labor¬ 
ers,  foreign  and  native  born,  learning  the  power  of  the  ballot  and  their  vast  ma¬ 
jority  of  numbers,  combine  and  amend  State  constitutions  so  as  to  disfran¬ 
chise  the  Vanderbilts,  the  Stewarts,  the  Conklings  and  the  Fentons.  It  is  a 
poor  rule  that  won’t  work  more  ways  than  one.  Establish  this  precedent, 
admit  the  State’s  right  to  deny  suffrage,  and  there  is  no  limit  to  the  confusion, 
discord  and  disruption  that  may  await  us.  There  is  and  can  be  but  one  safe 
principle  of  government— equal  rights  to  all.  Discrimination  against  any 
class  on  account  of  color,  race,  nativity,  sex,  property,  culture,  can  but  em¬ 
bitter  and  disaffect  that  class,  and  thereby  endanger  the  safety  of  the  whole 
people.  Clearly,  then,  the  national  government  not  only  must  define  the 
rights  of  citizens,  but  must  stretch  out  its  powerful  hand  and  protect  them  in 
every  State  in  this  Union. 

If,  however,  you  will  insist  that  the  Fifteenth  Amendment’s  emphatic  in¬ 
terdiction  against  robbing  United  States  citizens  of  their  suffrage  “  on  account 
of  race,  color  or  previous  condition  of  servitude,”  is  a  recognition  of  the  right 
of  either  the  United  States  or  any  State  to  deprive  them  of  the  ballot  for  any 
or  all  other  reasons,  I  will  prove  to  you  that  the  class  of  citizens  for  whom  I 
now  plead  are,  by  all  the  principles  of  our  government  and  many  of  the  laws 
of  the  States,  included  under  the  term  “previous  condition  of  servitude.” 

Consider  first  married  women  and  their  legal  status.  What  is  servitude? 
“The  condition  of  a  slave.”  What  is  a  slave?  “  A  person  who  is  robbed  of 
the  proceeds  of  his  labor;  a  person  who  is  subject  to  the  will  of  another.” 
By  the  laws  of  Georgia,  South  Carolina  and  all  the  States  of  the  South,  the 
negro  had  no  right  to  the  custody  and  control  of  his  person.  He  belonged  to 
his  master.  If  he  were  disobedient,  the  master  had  the  right  to  use  correc¬ 
tion.  If  the  negro  did  not  like  the  correction  and  ran  away,  the  master  had  the 
right  to  use  coercion  to  bring  him  back.  By  the  laws  of  almost  every  State  in  this 


988 


APPENDIX. 


Union  today,  North  as  well  as  South,  the  married  woman  has  no  right  to  the 
custody  and  control  of  her  person.  The  wife  belongs  to  the  husband;  and  if 
she  refuse  obedience  he  may  use  moderate  correction,  and  if  she  do  not 
like  his  moderate  correction  and  leave  his  “bed  and  board/’ the  husband 
may  use  moderate  coercion  to  bring  her  back.  The  little  word  “  moderate,” 
you  see,  is  the  saving  clause  for  the  wife,  and  would  doubtless  be  overstepped 
should  her  offended  husband  administer  his  correction  with  the  “  cat-o’-nine¬ 
tails,”  or  accomplish  his  coercion  with  blood-hounds. 

Again  the  slave  had  no  right  to  the  earnings  of  his  hands,  they  belonged  to 
his  master;  no  right  to  the  custody  of  his  children,  they  belonged  to  his 
master;  no  right  to  sue  or  be  sued,  or  to  testify  in  the  courts.  If  he  committed 
a  crime,  it  was  the  master  who  must  sue  or  be  sued.  In  many  of  the  States 
there  has  been  special  legislation,  giving  married  women  the  right  to  property 
inherited  or  received  by  bequest,  or  earned  by  the  pursuit  of  any  avocation 
outside  the  home ;  also  giving  them  the  right  to  sue  and  be  sued  in  matters 
pertaining  to  such  separate  property ;  but  not  a  single  State  of  this  Union 
has  ever  secured  the  wife  in  the  enjoyment  of  her  right  to  equal  ownership  of 
the  joint  earnings  of  the  marriage  copartnership.  And  since,  in  the  nature 
of  things,  the  vast  majority  of  married  women  never  earn  a  dollar  by  work 
outside  their  families,  or  inherit  a  dollar  from  their  fathers,  it  follows  that 
from  the  day  of  their  marriage  to  the  day  of  the  death  of  their  husbands  not 
one  of  them  ever  has  a  dollar,  except  it  shall  please  her  husband  to  let  her 
have  it. 

In  some  of  the  States,  also,  laws  have  been  passed  giving  to  the  mother  a  joint 
right  with  the  father  in  the  guardianship  of  the  children.  Twenty-five  years 
ago,  when  our  woman’s  rights  movement  commenced,  by  the  laws  of  all  the 
States  the  father  had  the  sole  custody  and  control  of  the  children.  No  mat¬ 
ter  if  he  were  a  brutal,  drunken  libertine,  he  had  the  legal  right,  without  the 
mother’s  consent,  to  apprentice  her  sons  to  rumsellers  or  her  daughters  to 
brothel-keepers.  He  even  could  wifi  away  an  unborn  child  from  the  mother. 
In  most  of  the  States  this  law  still  prevails,  and  the  mothers  are  utterly 
powerless. 

I  doubt  if  there  is,  today,  a  State  in  this  Union  where  a  married  woman 
can  sue  or  be  sued  for  slander  of  character,  and  until  recently  there  was  not 
one  where  she  could  sue  or  be  sued  for  injury  of  person.  However  damaging 
to  the  wife’s  reputation  any  slander  may  be,  she  is  wholly  powerless  to  insti¬ 
tute  legal  proceedings  against  her  accuser  unless  her  husband  shall  join  with 
her ;  and  how  often  have  we  heard  of  the  husband  conspiring  with  some 
outside  barbarian  to  blast  the  good  name  of  his  wife  ?  A  married  woman 
can  not  testify  in  courts  in  cases  of  joint  interest  with  her  husband. 

A  good  farmer’s  wife  in  Illinois,  who  had  all  the  rights  she  wanted,  had 
had  made  for  herself  a  full  set  of  false  teeth.  The  dentist  pronounced  them  an 
admirable  fit,  and  the  wife  declared  it  gave  her  fits  to  wear  them.  The  den¬ 
tist  sued  the  husband  for  his  bill ;  his  counsel  brought  the  wife  as  witness ;  the 
judge  ruled  her  off  the  stand,  saying,  “  A  married  woman  can  not  be  a  wit¬ 
ness  in  matters  of  joint  interest  between  herself  and  her  husband.”  Think 
of  it,  ye  good  wives,  the  false  teeth  in  your  mouths  are  a  joint  interest  with 
your  husbands,  about  which  you  are  legally  incompetent  to  speak !  If  a  mar- 


APPENDIX. 


989 


ried  woman  is  injured  by  accident,  in  nearly  all  of  the  States  it  is  her  husband 
who  must  sue,  and  it  is  to  him  that  the  damages  will  be  awarded.  In  Massa¬ 
chusetts  a  married  woman  was  severely  injured  by  a  defective  sidewalk.  Her 
husband  sued  the  corporation  and  recovered  $13,000  damages,  which  belong 
to  him  absolutely,  and  whenever  that  unfortunate  wife  wishes  a  dollar  of  that 
money  she  must  ask  her  husband  for  it;  and  if  he  be  of  a  niggardly  nature, 
she  will  hear  him  say,  every  time,  “  What  have  you  done  with  the  twenty- 
five  cents  I  gave  you  yesterday?”  Isn’t  such  a  position  humiliating  enough 
to  be  called  “servitude?”  That  husband  sued  and  obtained  damages  for  the 
loss  of  the  services  of  his  wife,  precisely  as  he  would  have  done  had  it  been 
his  ox,  cow  or  horse;  and  exactly  as  the  master,  under  the  old  regime,  would 
have  recovered  for  the  services  of  his  slave. 

I  submit  the  question,  if  the  deprivation  by  law  of  the  ownership  of  one’s 
own  person,  wages,  property,  children,  the  denial  of  the  right  as  an  individ¬ 
ual  to  sue  and  be  sued  and  testify  in  the  courts,  is  not  a  condition  of  servitude 
most  bitter  and  absolute,  even  though  under  the  sacred  name  of  marriage? 
Does  any  lawyer  doubt  my  statement  of  the  legal  status  of  married  women? 
I  will  remind  him  of  the  fact  that  the  common  law  of  England  prevails  in 
every  State  but  two  in  this  Union,  except  where  the  legislature  has  enacted 
special  laws  annulling  it.  I  am  ashamed  that  not  one  of  the  States  yet  has 
blotted  from  its  statute  books  the  old  law  of  marriage,  which,  summed  up  in 
the  fewest  words  possible,  is  in  effect  “  husband  and  wife  are  one,  and  that 
one  the  husband.” 

Thus  may  all  married  women  and  widow’s,  by  the  laws  of  the  several  States, 
be  technically  included  in  the  Fifteenth  Amendment’s  specification  of  “  con¬ 
dition  of  servitude,”  present  or  previous.  The  facts  also  prove  that,  by  all  the 
great  fundamental  principles  of  our  free  government,  not  only  married 
women  but  the  entire  womanhood  of  the  nation  are  in  a  “  condition  of  servi¬ 
tude  ”  as  surely  as  were  our  Revolutionary  fathers  when  they  rebelled  against 
King  George.  Women  are  taxed  without  representation,  governed  without 
their  consent,  tried,  convicted  and  punished  without  a  jury  of  their  peers. 
Is  all  this  tyranny  any  less  humiliating  and  degrading  to  women  under  our 
democratic-republican  government  today  than  it  was  to  men  under  their 
aristocratic,  monarchial  government  one  hundred  years  ago  ?  There  is  not 
an  utterance  of  John  Adams,  John  Hancock  or  Patrick  Henry,  but  finds  a 
living  response  in  the  soul  of  every  intelligent,  patriotic  woman  of  the  nation. 
Show  me  a  justice-loving  woman  property-holder,  and  I  will  show  you  one 
whose  soul  is  fired  with  all  the  indignation  of  1776  every  time  the  tax- 
collector  presents  himself  at  her  door.  You  will  not  find  one  such  but  feels 
her  condition  of  servitude  as  galling  as  did  James  Otis  when  he  said: 

The  very  act  of  taxing  exercised  over  those  who  are  not  represented  appears  to  me  to  be 
depriving  them  of  one  of  their  most  essential  rights,  and  if  continued  seems  to  be  in  effect  an 
entire  disfranchisement  of  every  civil  right.  For  what  one  civil  right  is  worth  a  rush  after  a 
man’s  property  is  subject  to  be  taken  from  him  at  pleasure  without  his  consent?  If  a  man 
is  not  his  own  assessor  in  person,  or  by  deputy,  his  liberty  is  gone,  for  he  is  wholly  at  the 
mercy  of  others. 

What  was  the  three-penny  tax  on  tea  or  the  paltry  tax  on  paper  and  sugar 
to  which  our  Revolutionary  fathers  were  subjected,  when  compared  with  the 


990 


APPENDIX. 


taxation  of  the  women  of  this  republic  ?  And  again,  to  show  that  disfran¬ 
chisement  was  precisely  the  slavery  of  which  the  fathers  complained,  allow 
me  to  cite  Benjamin  Franklin,  who  in  those  olden  times  was  admitted  to  be 
good  authority,  not  merely  in  domestic  but  also  in  political  economy: 

Every  man  of  the  commonalty,  except  infants,  insane  persons  and  criminals,  is,  of  common 
right  and  the  law  of  God,  a  freeman  and  entitled  to  the  free  enjoyment  of  liberty.  That  lib¬ 
erty  or  freedom  consists  in  having  an  actual  share  in  the  appointment  of  those  who  are  to 
frame  the  laws,  and  who  are  to  be  the  guardians  of  every  man’s  life,  property  and  peace. 
For  the  all  of  one  man  is  as  dear  to  him  as  the  all  of  another ;  and  the  poor  man  has  an  equal 
right,  but  more  need,  to  have  representatives  in  the  legislature  than  the  rich  one.  They  who 
have  no  voice  or  vote  in  the  electing  of  representatives  do  not  enjoy  liberty,  but  are  abso¬ 
lutely  enslaved  to  those  who  have  votes  and  to  their  representatives ;  for  to  be  enslaved  is  to 
have  governors  whom  other  men  have  set  over  us,  and  to  be  subject  to  laws  made  by  the  rep¬ 
resentatives  of  others,  without  having  had  representatives  of  our  own  to  give  consent  in  our 
behalf. 

Suppose  I  read  it  with  the  feminine  gender : 

Women  who  have  no  voice  or  vote  in  the  electing  of  representatives  do  not  enjoy  liberty, 
but  are  absolutely  enslaved  to  men  who  have  votes  and  to  their  representatives ;  for  to  be 
enslaved  is  to  have  governors  whom  men  have  set  over  us,  and  to  be  subject  to  the  laws 
made  by  the  representatives  of  men,  without  having  representatives  of  our  own  to  give  con¬ 
sent  in  our  behalf. 

And  yet  one  more  authority,  that  of  Thomas  Paine,  than  whom  not  one  of 
the  Revolutionary  patriots  more  ably  vindicated  the  principles  upon  which 
our  government  is  founded : 

The  right  of  voting  for  representatives  is  the  primary  right  by  which  other  rights  are  pro¬ 
tected.  To  take  away  this  right  is  to  reduce  man  to  a  state  of  slavery ;  for  slavery  consists 
in  being  subject  to  the  will  of  another ;  and  he  that  has  not  a  vote  in  the  election  of  repre¬ 
sentatives  is  in  this  case.  The  proposal,  therefore,  to  disfranchise  any  class  of  men  is  as 
criminal  as  the  proposal  to  take  away  property. 

Is  anything  further  needed  to  prove  woman's  condition  of  servitude  suf¬ 
ficient  to  entitle  her  to  the  guarantees  of  the  Fifteenth  Amendment  ?  Is  there 
a  man  who  will  not  agree  with  me  that  to  talk  of  freedom  without  the  ballot 
is  mockery  to  the  women  of  this  republic,  precisely  as  New  England’s  orator, 
Wendell  Phillips,  at  the  close  of  the  late  war  declared  it  to  be  to  the  newly 
emancipated  black  man  ?  I  admit  that,  prior  to  the  rebellion,  by  common 
consent,  the  right  to  enslave,  as  well  as  to  disfranchise  both  native  and  for¬ 
eign  born  persons,  was  conceded  to  the  States.  But  the  one  grand  principle 
settled  by  the  war  and  the  reconstruction  legislation,  is  the  supremacy  of  the 
national  government  to  protect  the  citizens  of  the  United  States  in  their  right 
to  freedom  and  the  elective  franchise,  against  any  and  every  interference  on 
the  part  of  the  several  States ;  and  again  and  again  have  the  American  peo¬ 
ple  asserted  the  triumph  of  this  principle  by  their  overwhelming  majorities 
for  Lincoln  and  Grant. 

The  one  issue  of  the  last  two  presidential  elections  was  whether  the  Four¬ 
teenth  and  Fifteenth  Amendments  should  be  considered  the  irrevocable  will 
of  the  people ;  and  the  decision  was  that  they  should  be,  and  that  it  is  not 
only  the  right,  but  the  duty  of  the  national  government  to  protect  all  United 
States  citizens  in  the  full  enjoyment  and  free  exercise  of  their  privileges  and 
immunities  against  the  attempt  of  any  State  to  deny  or  abridge.  In  this 


APPENDIX. 


991 


conclusion  Republicans  and  Democrats  alike  agree.  Senator  Frelinghuysen 
said :  “The  heresy  of  State  rights  has  been  completely  buried  in  these  amend¬ 
ments,  and  as  amended,  the  Constitution  confers  not  only  National  but  State 
citizenship  upon  all  persons  born  or  naturalized  within  our  limits.” 

The  call  for  the  National  Republican  Convention  of  1872  said:  “Equal 
suffrage  has  been  engrafted  on  the  National  Constitution;  the  privileges  and 
immunities  of  American  citizenship  have  become  a  part  of  the  organic  law.” 
The  National  Republican  platform  said:  “Complete  liberty  and  exact 
equality  in  the  enjoyment  of  all  civil,  political  and  public  rights,  should  be 
established  and  maintained  throughout  the  Union  by  efficient  and  appro¬ 
priate  State  and  Federal  legislation.” 

If  that  means  anything  it  is  that  Congress  should  pass  a  law  to  protect 
women  in  their  equal  political  rights,  and  that  the  States  should  enact  laws 
making  it  the  duty  of  inspectors  of  elections  to  receive  the  votes  of  women 
on  precisely  the  same  conditions  as  they  do  those  of  men. 

Judge  Stanley  Matthews,  a  substantial  Ohio  Democrat,  in  his  preliminary 
speech  at  the  Cincinnati  Liberal  Convention,  said  most  emphatically :  “  The 

constitutional  amendments  have  established  the  political  equality  of  all  citi¬ 
zens  before  the  law.” 

President  Grant,  in  his  message  to  Congress,  March  30,  1870,  on  the  adop¬ 
tion  of  the  Fifteenth  Amendment,  said,  “A  measure  which  makes  at  once 
four  millions  of  people  voters,  is  indeed  a  measure  of  greater  importance  than 
any  act  of  the  kind  from  the  foundation  of  the  government  to  the  present 
time.” 

How  could  four  million  negroes  be  made  voters  if  two  million  out  of  the 
four  were  women? 

The  California  Republican  platform  of  1872  said : 

* 

Among  the  many  practical  and  substantial  triumphs  of  the  principles  achieved  by  the 
Republican  party  during  the  past  twelve  years,  it  enumerates  with  pride  and  pleasure  the 
prohibiting  of  any  State  from  abridging  the  privileges  of  any  citizen  of  the  republic,  the 
declaring  the  civil  and  political  equality  of  every  citizen,  and  the  establishing  all  these 
principles  in  the  Federal  Constitution,  by  amendments  thereto,  as  the  permanent  law. 

Benjamin  F.  Butler,  in  a  recent  letter  to  me,  said :  “  I  do  not  believe  any¬ 

body  in  Congress  doubts  that  the  Constitution  authorizes  the  right  of  women 
to  vote,  precisely  as  it  authorizes  trial  by  jury  and  many  other  like  rights 
guaranteed  to  citizens.” 

It  is  upon  this  just  interpretation  of  the  United  States  Constitution  that 
our  National  Woman  Suffrage  Association,  which  celebrates  the  twenty-fifth 
anniversary  of  the  woman’s  rights  movement  next  May  in  New  York  City, 
has  based  all  its  arguments  and  action  since  the  passage  of  these  amend¬ 
ments.  We  no  longer  petition  legislature  or  Congress  to  give  us  the  right  to 
vote,  but  appeal  to  women  everywhere  to  exercise  their  too  long  neglected 
“citizen’s  right.”  We  appeal  to  the  inspectors  of  election  to  receive  the 
votes  of  all  United  States  citizens,  as  it  is  their  duty  to  do.  We  appeal  to 
United  States  commissioners  and  marshals  to  arrest,  as  is  their  duty,  the  in¬ 
spectors  who  reject  the  votes  of  United  States  citizens,  and  leave  alone  those 
who  perform  their  duties  and  accept  these  votes.  We  ask  the  juries  to  re- 


992 


APPENDIX. 


tarn  verdicts  of  “  not  guilty  ”  in  the  cases  of  law-abiding  United  States  citi¬ 
zens  who  cast  their  votes,  and  inspectors  of  election  who  receive  and  count 
them. 

We  ask  the  judges  to  render  unprejudiced  opinions  of  the  law,  and  where- 
ever  there  is  room  for  doubt  to  give  the  benefit  to  the  side  of  liberty  and 
equal  rights  for  women,  remembering  that,  as  Sumner  says,  “The  true  rule 
of  interpretation-under  our  National  Constitution,  especially  since  its  amend¬ 
ments,  is  that  anything  for  human  rights  is  constitutional,  everything  against 
human  rights  unconstitutional.”  It  is  on  this  line  that  we  propose  to  fight 
our  battle  for  the  ballot— peaceably  but  nevertheless  persistently— until  we 
achieve  complete  triumph  and  all  United  States  citizens,  men  and  women 
alike,  are  recognized  as  equals  in  the  government. 


Chapter  XXV — Page  436. 


NEWSPAPER  COMMENT  ON  MISS  ANTHONY’S  TRIAL. 

It  is  perhaps  needless  to  say  that  whoever  listens  candidly  to  Susan  B. 
Anthony,  no  matter  how  he  previously  regarded  her  and  her  sentiments, 
is  certain  to  respect  her  and  them  afterwards. — Geneva  Courier. 

Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  is  sharp  enough  for  a  successful  politician.  She  is 
under  arrest  in  Rochester  for  voting  illegally,  and  is  conducting  her  case  in  a 
way  which  beats  even  lawyers.  She  stumped  the  county  of  Monroe  and  spoke 
in  every  post-office  district  so  powerfully  that  she  has  actually  converted  nearly 
the  entire  male  population  to  the  woman  suffrage  doctrine.  The  sentiment 
is  so  universal  that  the  United  States  district-attorney  dare  not  trust  his  case 
to  a  jury  drawn  from  that  county,  and  has  changed  the  venue  to  Ontario. 
Now  Miss  Anthony  proposes  to  stump  Ontario  immediately,  and  has  procured 
the  services  of  Matilda  Joslyn  Gage,  of  Fayetteville,  to  assist  her.  By  the 
time  the  case  comes  on,  Miss  Anthony  will  have  Ontario  county  converted  to 
her  doctrine. — Syracuse  Standard. 

If  Miss  Anthony  has  converted  every  man  in  Monroe  county  to  her  views 
of  the  suffrage  question,  as  the  district-attorney  intimates  in  his  recent  efforts 
to  have  her  case  adjourned,  it  is  pretty  good  evidence — unless  every  man  in 
Monroe  county  is  a  fool — that  the  lady  has  done  no  wrong.  “  Her  case,”  re¬ 
marks  the  Auburn  Bulletin,  “  will  probably  be  carried  over  to  another  term, 
and  all  she  has  to  do  is  to  canvass  and  convert  another  county.  A  shrewd 
woman  that!  Again  we  say  she  ought  to  vote.”— Rochester  Democrat  and 
Chronicle. 

There  is  perplexity  in  the  northern  district  of  New  York.  It  was  in  that 
jurisdiction  that  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  sundry  “  erring  sisters  ”  voted 
at  the  November  election.  For  this  they  were  arrested  and  indicted.  The 
venue  was  laid  in  Monroe  county  and  there  the  trial  was  to  take  place.  Miss 
Anthony  then  proceeded  to  stump  Monroe  county  and  every  town  and  village 
thereof,  asking  her  bucolic  hearers  the  solemn  conundrum,  “  Is  it  a  crime  for 
a  United  States  citizen  to  vote  ?  ”  The  answer  is  supposed  generally  to  be  in 
the  negative,  and  so  convincing  is  Sister  Anthony’s  rhetoric  regarded  that  it 
is  supposed  no  jury  can  be  found  to  convict  her.  Her  case  has  gone  to  the 
jurymen  of  Monroe,  in  her  own  persuasive  pleadings,  before  they  are  sum¬ 
moned.  The  district-attorney  has,  therefore,  postponed  the  trial  to  another 
term  of  the  court,  and  changed  the  place  thereof  to  Ontario  county ;  whereupon 
the  brave  Susan  takes  the  stump  in  Ontario,  and  personally  makes  known  her 
woes  and  wants.  It  is  a  regular  St.  Anthony’s  dance  she  leads  the  district- 

Ant. — 63  (  99  3) 


994 


APPENDIX. 


attorney;  and,  in  spite  of  winter  cold  or  summer  heat,  she  will  carry  her  case 
from  county  to  county  precisely  as  fast  as  the  venue  is  changed.  One  must 
rise  very  early  in  the  morning  to  get  the  start  of  this  active  apostle  of  the 
sisterhood. — New  York  Commercial  Advertiser. 

It  seems  likely  that  the  decision  of  the  court  will  be  in  Miss  Anthony’s 
favor.  If  such  be  the  result  the  advocates  of  woman  suffrage  will  change 
places  with  the  public.  They  will  no  longer  be  forced  to  obtain  hearings  from 
congressional  and  legislative  committees  for  their  claims,  but  will  exercise 
their  right  to  vote  by  the  authority  of  a  legal  precedent  against  which  posi¬ 
tive  laws  forbidding  them  from  voting  will  be  the  only  remedy.  It  is  a  ques¬ 
tion  whether  such  laws  can  be  passed  in  this  country.  A  careful  examination 
of  the  subject  must  precede  any  such  legislation,  and  the  inference  from  the 
result  of  Judge  Selden’s  investigation  is  that  the  more  the  subject  is  studied 
the  less  likely  will  any  legislative  body  be  to  forbid  those  women  who  want 
to  vote  from  so  doing. — New  York  Evening  Post. 

Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony,  whatever  else  she  maybe,  is  evidently  of  the  right 
stuff  for  a  reformer.  Of  all  the  woman  suffragists  she  has  the  most  courage 
and  resource,  and  fights  her  own  and  her  sisters’  battle  with  the  most  wonder¬ 
ful  energy,  resolution  and  hopefulness.  It  is  well  known  that  she  is  now  un¬ 
der  indictment  for  voting  illegally  in  Rochester  last  November.  Voting  ille¬ 
gally  in  her  case  means  simply  voting,  for  it  is  held  that  women  can  not  law¬ 
fully  vote  at  all.  She  is  to  be  tried  soon,  but  in  the  meantime,  while  at  large 
on  bail,  she  has  devoted  her  time  to  missionary  work  on  behalf  of  woman  suf¬ 
frage,  and  has  spoken,  it  is  said,  in  every  post-office  district  in  Monroe  county, 
where  her  trial  would  have  been  held  in  the  natural  course  of  things.  She 
has  argued  her  cause  so  well  that  almost  all  the  male  population  of  the 
county  have  been  converted  to  her  views  on  this  subject.  The  district-attor¬ 
ney  is  afraid  to  trust  the  case  to  a  jury  from  that  county,  and  has  obtained  a 
change  of  venue  to  Ontario  on  the  ground  that  a  fair  trial  can  not  be  had  in 
Monroe. 

Miss  Anthony,  rather  cheered  than  discouraged  by  this  unwilling  testimony 
to  the  strength  of  her  cause  and  her  powers  of  persuasion,  has  made  arrange¬ 
ments  to  canvass  Ontario  county  as  thoroughly  as  Monroe.  Some  foolish  and 
bigoted  people  who  edit  newspapers  are  complaining  that  Miss  Anthony’s 
proceedings  are  highly  improper,  inasmuch  as  they  are  intended  to  influence 
the  decision  of  a  cause  pending  in  the  courts.  They  even  talk  about  contempt 
of  court,  and  declare  that  Miss  Anthony  should  be  compelled  to  desist  from 
making  these  invidious  harangues.  We  suspect  that  the  courts  will  not 
venture  to  interfere  with  this  lady’s  speech-making  tour,  but  will  be  of  the 
opinion  that  she  has  the  same  right  which  other  people,  male  or  female,  have 
to  explain  her  political  views  and  make  converts  to  them  if  she  can.  We 
have  never  known  it  claimed  before  that  a  person  accused  of  an  offense  was 
thereby  deprived  of  the  common  right  of  free  speech  on  political  and  other 
questions. — Worcester  Spy. 

The  vapid  efforts  of  a  part  of  the  newspaper  press  to  entertain  the  public, 
of  late,  by  descriptions,  criticisms  and  comments,  founded  upon  pretended 


APPENDIX. 


995 


interviews  with  Miss  Anthony,  reveal  a  standard  of  courtesy  and  truth  dis¬ 
creditable  to  the  American  press,  and  a  meagerness  of  interesting  matter  sug¬ 
gesting  the  propriety  of  the  suspension  of  such  sheets  altogether.  The 
Pittsburg  Leader,  among  others,  disgraces  itself  by  a  scurrilous  report  of 
what  “the  gay  old  girl  said  to  a  reporter;”  and  the  New  York  World,  of 
course,  waxed  very  funny  in  its  account  of  the  late  convention.  These  gibes 
at  Miss  Anthony’s  personal  appearance,  unwillingness  to  tell  her  age,  “  fishy 
eyes,”  etc.,  are  read  by  her  friends  in  Rochester  with  indignation  and  with 
contempt  for  the  press  which  will  publish  such  misrepresentations  as  truth. 

All  Rochester  will  assert— at  least  all  of  it  worth  heeding— that  Miss  An¬ 
thony  holds  here  the  position  of  a  refined  and  estimable  woman,  thoroughly 
respected  and  beloved  by  the  large  circle  of  staunch  friends  who  swear  by 
her  common  sense  and  loyalty,  if  not  by  her  peculiar  views.  As  for  her  age, 
she  tells  it  often  enough  unsolicited,  whenever  the  famous  silk  dress  is  al¬ 
luded  to;  the  dear  old  dress  that  a  New  York  reporter  held  up  as  such  per¬ 
fection  of  taste  and  fashion!  Anna  Dickinson  gave  that  dress  to  Miss  An¬ 
thony  upon  her  fiftieth  birthday  a  number  of  years  ago,  and  the  news  was 
in  all  the  papers.  That  dress  is  going  into  history  with  Commissioner  Storrs, 
Judge  Selden  and  the  illustrious  rest.  It  has  always  been  worn  by  a  lady— a 
genuine  lady — no  pretense  nor  sham — but  good  Quaker  metal.  She  is  no 
“  sour  old  maid,”  our  Miss  Anthony,  nor  are  the  young  men  shy  of  her  when 
she  can  find  time  to  accept  an  invitation  out ;  genial,  cheery,  warm-hearted, 
overflowing  with  stories  and  reminiscences,  utterly  fearless  and  regardless  of 
mere  public  opinion,  yet  having  a  woman’s  delicate  sensitiveness  as  to  any¬ 
thing  outre  in  dress  or  appearance. 

Our  Susan  B.  Anthony  will  work  up  into  a  charming  bit  of  biography  some 
day  without  a  dull  page  within  the  covers,  providing,  of  course,  stupidity 
does  not  have  the  writing  of  it.  Never  mind  what  she  has  been  fighting  for, 
and  will  fight  for  till  the  victory  is  sure,  we  must  all  own  hers  a  brave  record, 
and  she  has  already  accomplished  for  her  sex  much  that  their  scorn  and  con¬ 
tumely  did  not  prevent  her  striving  for.  We  heard  a  lady  remark  after  attending 
the  suffrage  convention :  “  No,  I  am  not  converted  to  what  these  women  ad¬ 

vocate,  I  am  too  cowardly  for  that;  but  I  am  converted  to  Susan  B.  An¬ 
thony.” — Rochester  Evening  Express. 


Chapter  XXVII — Page  472. 

WOMAN  WANTS  BREAD,  NOT  THE  BALLOT! 

Delivered  in  most  of  the  large  cities  of  the  United  States,  betiveen  1870  and  1 880. 

The  speech  never  was  written,  and  this  abstract  was  prepared 
from  scattered  notes  and  newspaper  reports. 

My  purpose  tonight  is  to  demonstrate  the  great  historical  fact  that  disfran¬ 
chisement  is  not  only  political  degradation,  but  also  moral,  social,  educational 
and  industrial  degradation ;  and  that  it  does  not  matter  whether  the  disfran¬ 
chised  class  live  under  a  monarchial  or  a  republican  form  of  government, 
or  whether  it  be  white  workingmen  of  England,  negroes  on  our  southern 
plantations,  serfs  of  Russia,  Chinamen  on  our  Pacific  coast,  or  native  born, 
tax-paying  women  of  this  republic.  Wherever,  on  the  face  of  the  globe  or  on 
the  page  of  history,  you  show  me  a  disfranchised  class, ,  I  will  show  you  a 
degraded  class  of  labor.  Disfranchisement  means  inability  to  make,  shape 
or  control  one’s  own  circumstances.  The  disfranchised  must  always  do  the 
work,  accept  the  wages,  occupy  the  position  the  enfranchised  assign  to  them. 
The  disfranchised  are  in  the  position  of  the  pauper.  You  remember  the  o  d 
adage,  “  Beggars  must  not  be  choosers they  must  take  what  they  can  get  or 
nothing !  That  is  exactly  the  position  of  women  in  the  world  of  work  today ; 
they  can  not  choose.  If  they  could,  do  you  for  a  moment  believe  they  would 
take  the  subordinate  places  and  the  inferior  pay?  Nor  is  it  a  “new  thing 
under  the  sun  ”  for  the  disfranchised,  the  inferior  classes  weighed  down  with 
wrongs,  to  declare  they  “  do  not  want  to  vote.”  The  rank  and  file  are  not 
philosophers,  they  are  not  educated  to  think  for  themselves,  but  simply  to 

accept,  unquestioned,  whatever  comes. 

Years  ago  in  England  when  the  workingmen,  starving  in  the  mines  and 
factories,  gathered  in  mobs  and  took  bread  wherever  they  could  get  it,  their 
friends  tried  to  educate  them  into  a  knowledge  of  the  causes  of  their  poverty 
and  degradation.  At  one  of  these  “  monster  bread  meetings,”  held  in  Man¬ 
chester,  John  Bright  said  to  them,  “  Workingmen,  what  you  need  to  bring  to 
you  cheap  bread  and  plenty  of  it,  is  the  franchise  ;”  but  those  ignorant  men 
shouted  back  to  Mr.  Bright,  precisely  as  the  women  of  America  do  to  us  to¬ 
day,  “  It  is  not  the  vote  we  want,  it  is  bread ;”  and  they  broke  up  the  meet¬ 
ing,’ refusing  to  allow  him,  their  best  friend,  to  explain  to  them  the  powers  of 
the’franchise.  The  condition  of  those  workingmen  was  very  little  above  that 
of  slavery.  Some  of  you  may  remember  when  George  Thompson  came  over 
to  this  country  and  rebuked  us  for  our  crime  and  our  curse  of  slavery,  how 
the  slaveholders  and  their  abettors  shouted  back  to  Mr.  Thompson,  “Look  at 
home  look  into  your  mines  and  your  factories,  you  have  slavery  in  England.” 

(996) 


APPENDIX. 


997 


You  recollect  a  book  published  at  that  time  entitled,  “The  Glory  and  Shame 
of  England.”  Her  glory  was  the  emancipation  of  slaves  in  the  British  West 
Indies,  and  her  shame  the  degraded  and  outraged  condition  of  those  very 
miners  and  factory  men.  In  their  desperation,  they  organized  trades  unions, 
went  on  strike,  fought  terrible  battles,  often  destroying  property  and  some¬ 
times  even  killing  their  employers.  Those  who  have  read  Charles  Readers 
novel,  “  Put  Yourself  in  his  Place,”  have  not  forgotten  the  terrible  scenes 
depicted.  While  those  starving  men  sometimes  bettered  their  condition 
financially,  they  never  made  a  ripple  on  the  surface  of  political  thought.  No 
member  ever  championed  their  cause  on  the  floor  of  Parliament.  If  spoken 
of  at  all,  it  was  as  our  politicians  used  to  speak  of  the  negroes  before  the  war, 
or  as  they  speak  of  the  Chinese  today — as  nuisances  that  ought  to  be  sup¬ 
pressed. 

But  at  length,  through  the  persistent  demands  of  a  little  handful  of  reform¬ 
ers,  there  was  introduced  into  the  British  Parliament  the  “  household  suf¬ 
frage”  bill  of  1867.  John  Stuart  Mill  not  only  championed  that  bill  as  it  was  pre¬ 
sented,  but  moved  an  amendment  to  strike  out  the  word  “  man”  and  substitute 
therefor  the  word  “  person,”  so  that  the  bill  should  read,  “  every  person  who 
shall  pay  a  seven-pound  rental  per  annum  shall  be  entitled  to  the  franchise.” 
You  will  see  that  Mr.  Mill’s  motive  was  to  extend  the  suffrage  to  women  as 
well  as  men.  But  when  the  vote  was  taken,  only  seventy-four,  out  of  the 
nearly  seven  hundred  members  of  the  British  Parliament,  voted  in  its  favor. 

During  the  discussion  of  the  original  bill,  the  opposition  was  championed 
by  Robert  Lowe,  who  presented  all  the  stock  objections  to  the  extension  of 
the  franchise  to  “those  ignorant,  degraded  workingmen,”  as  he  called  them, 
that  ever  were  presented  in  this  country  against  giving  the  ballot  to  the 
negroes,  and  that  are  today  being  urged  against  the  enfranchisement  of 
women.  Is  it  not  a  little  remarkable  that  no  matter  who  the  class  may  be 
that  it  is  proposed  to  enfranchise,  the  objections  are  alwrays  the  same  ?  “  The 
ballot  in  the  hands  of  this  new  class  will  make  their  condition  worse  than 
before,  and  the  introduction  of  this  new  class  into  the  political  arena  will 
degrade  politics  to  a  lower  level.”  But  notwithstanding  Mr.  Lowe’s  persist¬ 
ent  opposition,  the  bill  became  a  law;  and  before  the  session  closed,  that 
same  individual  moved  that  Parliament,  having  enfranchised  these  men, 
should  now  make  an  appropriation  for  the  establishment  and  support  of 
schools  for  the  education  of  them  and  their  sons.  Now,  mark  you  his  reason 
why!  “Unless  they  are  educated,”  said  he,  “they  will  be  the  means  of 
overturning  the  throne  of  England.”  So  long  as  these  poor  men  in  the 
mines  and  factories  had  not  the  right  to  vote,  the  power  to  make  and 
unmake  the  laws  and  law-makers,  to  help  or  hurt  the  government,  no  meas¬ 
ure  ever  had  been  proposed  for  their  benefit  although  they  were  ground  under 
the  heel  of  the  capitalist  to  a  condition  of  abject  slavery.  But  the  moment 
this  power  is  placed  in  their  hands,  before  they  have  used  it  even  once,  this 
bitterest  enemy  to  their  possessing  it  is  the  first  man  to  spring  to  his  feet  and 
make  this  motion  for  the  most  beneficent  measure  possible  in  their  behalf — 
public  schools  for  the  education  of  themselves  and  their  children. 

From  that  day  to  this,  there  never  has  been  a  session  of  the  British  Parlia¬ 
ment  that  has  not  had  before  it  some  measure  for  the  benefit  of  the  working 


998 


APPENDIX. 


classes.  Parliament  has  enacted  laws  compelling  employers  to  cut  down  the 
number  of  hours  for  a  day’s  work,  to  pay  better  wages,  to  build  decent  houses 
for  their  employes,  and  has  prohibited  the  employment  of  very  young  children 
in  the  mines  and  factories.  The  history  of  those  olden  times  records  that  not 
infrequently  children  were  born  in  the  mines  and  passed  their  lives  there, 
scarcely  seeing  the  sunlight  from  the  day  of  their  birth  to  the  day  of  their 
death. 

Sad  as  is  the  condition  of  the  workingmen  of  England  today,  it  is  infinitely 
better  than  it  was  twenty  years  ago.  At  first  the  votes  of  the  workingmen 
were  given  to  the  Liberal  party,  because  it  was  the  leaders  of  that  party  who 
secured  their  enfranchisement;  but  soon  the  leaders  of  the  Conservative 
party,  seeing  the  power  the  workingmen  had,  began  to  vie  with  the  Liberals 
by  going  into  their  meetings  and  pledging  that  if  they  would  vote  the  Tory 
ticket  and  bring  that  party  into  control,  it  would  give  them  more  and  better 
laws  even  than  the  Liberals.  In  1874  enough  workingmen  did  go  over  to 
bring  that  party  to  the  front,  with  Disraeli  at  its  head,  where  it  stood  till  1880 
when  the  rank  and  file  of  the  workingmen  of  England,  dissatisfied  with  Dis¬ 
raeli’s  policy,  both  domestic  and  foreign,  turned  and  again  voted  the  Liberal 
ticket,  putting  that  party  in  power  with  Gladstone  as  its  leader.  This  is  the 
way  in  which  the  ballot  in  the  hands  of  the  masses  of  wage-earners,  even  un¬ 
der  a  monarchial  form  of  government,  makes  of  them  a  tremendous  balance 
of  power  whose  wants  and  wishes  the  instinct  of  self-interest  compels  the  po¬ 
litical  leaders  to  study  and  obey. 

The  great  distinctive  advantage  possessed  by  the  workingmen  of  this  repub¬ 
lic  is  that  the  son  of  the  humblest  citizen,  black  or  white,  has  equal  chances 
with  the  son  of  the  richest  in  the  land  if  he  take  advantage  of  the  public 
schools,  the  colleges  and  the  many  opportunities  freely  offered.  It  is  this 
equality  of  rights  which  makes  our  nation  a  home  for  the  oppressed  of  all  the 
monarchies  of  the  old  wTorld. 

And  yet,  notwithstanding  the  declaration  of  our  Revolutionary  fathers, 
“all  men  created  equal,”  “governments  derive  their  just  powers  from  the 
consent  of  the  governed,”  “taxation  and  representation  inseparable  ” — not¬ 
withstanding  all  these  grand  enunciations,  our  government  was  founded  upon 
the  blood  and  bones  of  half  a  million  human  beings,  bought  and  sold  as 
chattels  in  the  market.  Nearly  all  the  original  thirteen  States  had  property 
qualifications  which  disfranchised  poor  white  men  as  well  as  women  and 
negroes.  Thomas  Jefferson,  at  the  head  of  the  old  Democratic  party,  took 
the  lead  in  advocating  the  removal  of  all  property  qualifications,  as  so  many 
violations  of  the  fundamental  principle  of  our  government — “  the  right  of 
consent.”  In  New  York  the  qualification  was  $250.  Martin  Van  Buren,  the 
chief  of  the  Democracy,  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  held 
in  Buffalo  in  1821,  which  wiped  out  that  qualification  so  far  as  white  men 
were  concerned.  He  declared,  “  The  poor  man  has  as  good  a  right  to  a  voice 
in  the  government  as  the  rich  man,  and  a  vastly  greater  need  to  possess  it  as 
a  means  of  protection  to  himself  and  his  family.”  It  was  because  the  Demo¬ 
crats  enfranchised  poor  white  men,  both  native  and  foreign,  that  that  strong 
old  party  held  absolute  sway  in  this  country  for  almost  forty  years,  with  only 
now  and  then  a  one-term  Whig  administration. 


APPENDIX. 


999 


In  those  olden  days  Horace  Greeley,  at  the  head  of  the  Whig  party  and  his 
glorious  New  York  Tribune,  used  to  write  long  editorials  showing  the  working¬ 
men  that  they  had  a  mistaken  idea  about  the  Democratic  party  ;  that  it  was  not 
so  much  the  friend  of  the  poor  man  as  was  the  Whig,  and  if  they  would  but  vote 
the  Whig  ticket  and  put  that  party  in  power,  they  would  find  that  it  would 
give  them  better  laws  than  the  Democrats  had  done.  At  length,  after  many, 
many  years  of  such  education  and  persuasion,  the  workingmen’s  vote,  native 
and  foreign,  was  divided,  and  in  1860  there  came  to  the  front  a  new  party 
which,  though  not  called  Whig,  was  largely  made  up  of  the  old  Whig  ele¬ 
ments.  In  its  turn  this  new  party  enfranchised  another  degraded  class  of 
labor.  Because  the  Republicans  gave  the  ballot  to  negroes,  they  have  been 
allied  to  that  party  and  have  held  it  solid  in  power  from  the  ratification  of 
the  Fifteenth  Amendment,  in  1870,  to  the  present  day.  Until  the  Democrats 
convince  them  that  they  will  do  more  and  better  for  them  than  the  Repub¬ 
licans  are  doing,  there  will  be  no  appreciable  division  of  the  negro  vote. 

The  vast  numbers  of  wage-earning  men  coming  from  Europe  to  this  coun¬ 
try,  where  manhood  suffrage  prevails  with  no  limitations,  find  themselves 
invested  at  once  with  immense  political  power.  They  organize  their  trades 
unions,  but  not  being  able  to  use  the  franchise  intelligently,  they  continue  to 
strike  and  to  fight  their  battles  with  the  capitalists  just  as  they  did  in  the  old 
countries.  Neither  press  nor  politicians  dare  to  condemn  these  strikes  or  to 
demand  their  suppression  because  the  workingmen  hold  the  balance  of  power 
and  can  use  it  for  the  success  or  defeat  of  either  party. 

[Miss  Anthony  here  related  various  timely  instances  of  strikes  where  force  was  used  to 
prevent  non-union  men  from  taking  the  places  of  the  strikers,  and  neither  the  newspapers 
nor  political  leaders  ventured  to  sustain  the  officials  in  the  necessary  steps  to  preserve  law 
and  order,  or  if  they  did  they  were  defeated  at  the  next  election.] 

It  is  said  women  do  not  need  the  ballot  for  their  protection  because  they  are 
supported  by  men.  Statistics  show  that  there  are  3,000,000  women  in  this  na¬ 
tion  supporting  themselves.  In  the  crowded  cities  of  the  East  they  are  com¬ 
pelled  to  work  in  shops,  stores  and  factories  for  the  merest  pittance.  In  New 
York  alone,  there  are  over  50,000  of  these  women  receiving  less  than  fifty 
cents  a  day.  Women  wage-earners  in  different  occupations  have  organized 
themselves  into  trades  unions,  from  time  to  time,  and  made  their  strikes  to  get 
justice  at  the  hands  of  their  employers  just  as  men  have  done,  but  I  have  yet  to 
learn  of  a  successful  strike  of  any  body  of  women.  The  best  organized  one  I 
ever  knew  was  that  of  the  collar  laundry  women  of  the  city  of  Troy,  N.  Y., 
the  great  emporium  for  the  manufacture  of  shirts,  collars  and  cuffs.  They 
formed  a  trades  union  of  several  hundred  members  and  demanded  an  increase 
of  wages.  It  was  refused.  So  one  May  morning  in  1867,  each  woman  threw 
down  her  scissors  and  her  needle,  her  starch-pan  and  flat-iron,  and  for  three 
long  months  not  one  returned  to  the  factories.  At  the  end  of  that  time  they 
were  literally  starved  out,  and  the  majority  of  them  were  compelled  to  go 
back,  but  not  at  their  old  wages,  for  their  employers  cut  them  down  to  even  a 
lower  figure. 

In  the  winter  following  I  met  the  president  of  this  union,  a  bright  young 
Irish  girl,  and  asked  her,  “  Do  you  not  think  if  you  had  been  500  carpenters  or 


1000 


APPENDIX. 


500  masons,  you  would  have  succeeded  ?  ”  “  Certainly,”  she  said,  and  then 

she  told  me  of  200  bricklayers  who  had  the  year  before  been  on  strike 
and  gained  every  point  with  their  employers.  “  What  could  have  made  the 
difference  ?  Their  200  were  but  a  fraction  of  that  trade,  while  your  500  ab¬ 
solutely  controlled  yours.”  Finally  she  said,  “  It  was  because  the  editors 
ridiculed  and  denounced  us.”  “  Did  they  ridicule  and  denounce  the  brick¬ 
layers?”  “No.”  “  What  did  they  say  about  you  ?  ”  “  Why,  that  our  wages 

were  good  enough  now,  better  than  those  of  any  other  workingwomen  except 
teachers;  and  if  we  weren’t  satisfied,  we  had  better  go  and  get  married.” 
“  What  then  do  you  think  made  this  difference  ?  ”  After  studying  over  the 
question  awhile  she  concluded,  “  It  must  have  been  because  our  employers 
bribed  the  editors.”  “  Couldn’t  the  employers  of  the  bricklayers  have  bribed 
the  editors  ?  ”  She  had  never  thought  of  that.  Most  people  never  do  think ; 
they  see  one  thing  totally  unlike  another,  but  the  person  who  stops  to  inquire 
into  the  cause  that  produces  the  one  or  the  other  is  the  exception.  So  this 
young  Irish  girl  was  simply  not  an  exception,  but  followed  the  general  rule  of 
people,  whether  men  or  women ;  she  hadn’t  thought.  In  the  case  of  the 
bricklayers,  no  editor,  either  Democrat  or  Republican,  would  have  accepted 
the  proffer  of  a  bribe,  because  he  would  have  known  that  if  he  denounced  or 
ridiculed  those  men,  not  only  they  but  all  the  trades  union  men  of  the  city  at 
the  next  election  would  vote  solidly  against  the  nominees  advocated  by  that 
editor.  If  those  collar  laundry  women  had  been  voters,  they  would  have 
held,  in  that  little  city  of  Troy,  the  “  balance  of  political  power  ”  and  the  ed¬ 
itor  or  the  politician  who  ignored  or  insulted  them  would  have  turned  that 
balance  over  to  the  opposing  party. 

My  friends,  the  condition  of  those  collar  laundry  women  but  represents  the 
utter  helplessness  of  disfranchisement.  The  question  with  you,  as  men,  is  not 
whether  you  want  your  wives  and  daughters  to  vote,  nor  with  you,  as  women, 
whether  you  yourselves  want  to  vote ;  but  whether  you  will  help  to  put  this 
power  of  the  ballot  into  the  hands  of  the  3,000,000  wage-earning  women,  so 
that  they  may  be  able  to  compel  politicians  to  legislate  in  their  favor  and  em¬ 
ployers  to  grant  them  justice. 

The  law  of  capital  is  to  extort  the  greatest  amount  of  work  for  the  least 
amount  of  money ;  the  rule  of  labor  is  to  do  the  smallest  amount  of  work  for 
the  largest  amount  of  money.  Hence  there  is,  and  in  the  nature  of  things 
must  continue  to  be,  antagonism  between  the  two  classes ;  therefore,  neither 
should  be  left  wholly  at  the  mercy  of  the  other. 

It  was  cruel,  under  the  old  regime,  to  give  rich  men  the  right  to  rule  poor 
men.  It  was  wicked  to  allow  white  men  absolute  power  over  black  men.  It 
is  vastly  more  cruel,  more  wicked  to  give  to  all  men — rich  and  poor,  white 
and  black,  native  and  foreign,  educated  and  ignorant,  virtuous  and  vicious — 
this  absolute  control  over  women.  Men  talk  of  the  injustice  of  monopolies. 
There  never  was,  there  never  can  be,  a  monopoly  so  fraught  with  injustice, 
tyranny  and  degradation  as  this  monopoly  of  sex,  of  all  men  over  all  women. 
Therefore  I  not  only  agree  with  Abraham  Lincoln  that,  “No  man  is  good 
enough  to  govern  another  man  without  his  consent;”  but  I  say  also  that  no 
man  is  good  enough  to  govern  a  woman  without  her  consent,  and  still  further, 
that  all  men  combined  in  government  are  not  good  enough  to  govern  all 


APPENDIX. 


1001 


women  without  their  consent.  There  might  have  been  some  plausible  excuse 
for  the  rich  governing  the  poor,  the  educated  governing  the  ignorant,  the 
Saxon  governing  the  African ;  but  there  can  be  none  for  making  the  husband 
the  ruler  of  the  wife,  the  brother  of  the  sister,  the  man  of  the  woman,  his 
peer  in  birth,  in  education,  in  social  position,  in  all  that  stands  for  the  best 
and  highest  in  humanity. 

I  believe  that  by  nature  men  are  no  more  unjust  than  women.  If  from  the 
beginning  women  had  maintained  the  right  to  rule  not  only  themselves  but 
men  also,  the  latter  today  doubtless  would  be  occupying  the  subordinate 
places  with  inferior  pay  in  the  world  of  work;  women  would  be  holding  the 
higher  positions  with  the  big  salaries  ;  widowers  would  be  doomed  to  a  “  life 
interest  of  one-third  of  the  family  estate husbands  would  “owe  service’’ 
to  their  wives,  so  that  every  one  of  you  men  would  be  begging  your  good 
wives,  “Please  be  so  kind  as  to  ‘  give  me  ’  ten  cents  for  a  cigar.”  The  prin¬ 
ciple  of  self-government  can  not  be  violated  with  impunity.  The  individual’s 
right  to  it  is  sacred— regardless  of  class,  caste,  race,  color,  sex  or  any  other 
accident  or  incident  of  birth.  What  we  ask  is  that  you  shall  cease  to 
imagine  that  women  are  outside  this  law,  and  that  you  shall  come  into  the 
knowledge  that  disfranchisement  means  the  same  degradation  to  your  daugh¬ 
ters  as  to  your  sons. 

Governments  can  not  afford  to  ignore  the  rights  of  those  holding  the  bal¬ 
lot,  who  make  and  unmake  every  law  and  law-maker.  It  is  not  because  the 
members  of  Congress  are  tyrants  that  women  receive  only  half  pay  and  are 
admitted  only  to  inferior  positions  in  the  departments.  It  is  simply  in 
obedience  to  a  law  of  political  economy  which  makes  it  impossible  for  a  gov¬ 
ernment  to  do  as  much  for  the  disfranchised  as  for  the  enfranchised.  Women 
are  no  exception  to  the  general  rule.  As  disfranchisement  always  has  de¬ 
graded  men,  socially,  morally  and  industrially,  so  today  it  is  disfranchise¬ 
ment  that  degrades  women  in  the  same  spheres. 

Again  men  say  it  is  not  votes,  but  the  law  of  supply  and  demand  wdiich  regu¬ 
lates  wages.  The  law  of  gravity  is  that  water  shall  run  down  hill,  but  when 
men  build  a  dam  across  the  stream,  the  force  of  gravity  is  stopped  and  the 
water  held  back.  The  law  of  supply  and  demand  regulates  free  and  enfran¬ 
chised  labor,  but  disfranchisement  estops  its  operation.  What  we  ask  is  the 
removal  of  the  dam,  that  women,  like  men,  may  reap  the  benefit  of  the  law. 
Did  the  law  of  supply  and  demand  regulate  work  and  wages  in  the  olden 
days  of  slavery?  This  law  can  no  more  reach  the  disfranchised  than  it  did 
the  enslaved.  There  is  scarcely  a  place  where  a  woman  can  earn  a  single 
dollar  without  a  man’s  consent. 

There  are  many  women  equally  well  qualified  with  men  for  principals  and 
superintendents  of  schools,  and  yet,  while  three-fourths  of  the  teachers  are 
women,  nearly  all  of  them  are  relegated  to  subordinate  positions  on  half  or 
at  most  two-thirds  the  salaries  paid  to  men.  The  law  of  supply  and  demand 
is  ignored,  and  that  of  sex  alone  settles  the  question.  If  a  business  man 
should  advertise  for  a  book-keeper  and  ten  young  men,  equally  well  qualified, 
should  present  themselves  and,  after  looking  them  over,  he  should  say,  “To 
you  who  have  red  hair,  we  will  pay  full  wages,  while  to  you  with  black  hair 
we  will  pay  half  the  regular  price that  would  not  be  a  more  flagrant  viola- 


1002 


APPENDIX. 


lion  of  the  law  of  supply  and  demand  than  is  that  now  perpetrated  upon 
women  because  of  their  sex. 

And  then  again  you  say,  “  Capital,  not  the  vote,  regulates  labor.”  Granted, 
for  the  sake  of  the  argument,  that  capital  does  control  the  labor  of  women, 
Chinamen  and  slaves ;  but  no  one  with  eyes  to  see  and  ears  to  hear,  will  con¬ 
cede  for  a  moment  that  capital  absolutely  dominates  the  work  and  wages  of 
the  free  and  enfranchised  men  of  this  republic.  It  is  in  order  to  lift  the 
millions  of  our  wage-earning  women  into  a  position  of  as  much  power  over 
their  own  labor  as  men  possess  that  they  should  be  invested  with  the  fran¬ 
chise.  This  ought  to  be  done  not  only  for  the  sake  of  justice  to  the  women, 
but  to  the  men  with  whom  they  compete ;  for,  just  so  long  as  there  is  a  de¬ 
graded  class  of  labor  in  the  market,  it  always  will  be  used  by  the  capitalists 
to  checkmate  and  undermine  the  superior  classes. 

Now  that  as  a  result  of  the  agitation  for  equality  of  chances,  and  through 
the  invention  of  machinery,  there  has  come  a  great  revolution  in  the  world 
of  economics,  so  that  wherever  a  man  may  go  to  earn  an  honest  dollar  a 
woman  may  go  also,  there  is  no  escape  from  the  conclusion  that  she  must  be 
clothed  with  equal  power  to  protect  herself.  That  power  is  the  ballot,  the 
symbol  of  freedom  and  equality,  without  which  no  citizen  is  sure  of  keeping 
even  that  which  he  hath,  much  less  of  getting  that  which  he  hath  not. 
TV  omen  are  today  the  peers  of  men  in  education,  in  the  arts  and  sciences,  in 
the  industries  and  professions,  and  there  is  no  escape  from  the  conclusion 
that  the  next  step  must  be  to  make  them  the  peers  of  men  in  the  government 

city,  State  and  national — to  give  them  an  equal  voice  in  the  framing,  in¬ 
terpreting  and  administering  of  the  codes  and  constitutions. 

TV  e  recognize  that  the  ballot  is  a  two-edged,  nay,  a  many-edged  sword, 
which  may  be  made  to  cut  in  every  direction.  If  wily  politicians  and  sordid 
capitalists  may  wield  it  for  mere  party  and  personal  greed ;  if  oppressed  wage- 
earners  may  invoke  it  to  wring  justice  from  legislators  and  extort  material 
advantages  from  employers ;  if  the  lowest  and  most  degraded  classes  of  men 
may  use  it  to  open  wide  the  sluice-ways  of  vice  and  crime;  if  it  may  be  the 
instrumentality  by  which  the  narrow,  selfish,  corrupt  and  corrupting  men 
and  measures  rule— it  is  quite  as  true  that  noble-minded  statesmen,  phil¬ 
anthropists  and  reformers  may  make  it  the  weapon  with  which  to  reverse  the 
above  order  of  things,  as  soon  as  they  can  have  added  to  their  now  small 
numbers  the  immensely  larger  ratio  of  what  men  so  love  to  call  “the  better 
half  of  the  people.”  When  women  vote,  they  will  make  a  new  balance  of 
power  that  must  be  weighed  and  measured  and  calculated  in  its  effect  upon 
every  social  and  moral  question  which  goes  to  the  arbitrament  of  the  ballot- 
box.  TV  ho  can  doubt  that  when  the  representative  women  of  thought  and 
culture,  who  are  today  the  moral  backbone  of  our  nation,  sit  in  counsel  with 
the  best  men  of  the  country,  higher  conditions  will  be  the  result? 

Insurrectionary  and  revolutionary  methods  of  righting  wrongs,  imaginary 
or  real,  are  pardonable  only  in  the  enslaved  and  disfranchised.  The  moment 
any  class  of  men  possess  the  ballot,  it  is  their  weapon  and  their  shield.  Men 
with  a  vote  have  no  valid  excuse  for  resorting  to  the  use  of  illegal  means  to 
fight  their  battles.  When  the  masses  of  wage-earning  men  are  educated  into 
a  knowledge  of  their  own  rights  and  of  their  duties  to  others,  so  that  they 


APPENDIX. 


1003 


are  able  to  vote  intelligently,  they  can  carry  their  measures  through  the  bal¬ 
lot-box  and  will  have  no  need  to  resort  to  force.  But  so  long  as  they  remain 
in  ignorance  and  are  manipulated  by  the  political  bosses  they  will  continue 
to  vote  against  their  own  interests  and  turn  again  to  violence  to  right  their 
wrongs. 

If  men  possessing  the  power  of  the  ballot  are  driven  to  desperate  means  to 
gain  their  ends,  what  shall  be  done  by  disfranchised  women?  There  are 
grave  questions  of  moral,  as  well  as  of  material  interest  in  which  women  are 
most  deeply  concerned.  Denied  the  ballot,  the  legitimate  means  with  which 
to  exert  their  influence,  and,  as  a  rule,  being  lovers  of  peace,  they  have  re¬ 
course  to  prayers  and  tears,  those  potent  weapons  of  women  and  children, 
and,  when  they  fail,  must  tamely  submit  to  wrong  or  rise  in  rebellion  against 
the  powers  that  be.  Women’s  crusades  against  saloons,  brothels  and  gam¬ 
bling-dens,  emptying  kegs  and  bottles  into  the  streets,  breaking  doors  and 
windows  and  burning  houses,  all  go  to  prove  that  disfranchisement,  the  denial 
of  lawful  means  to  gain  desired  ends,  may  drive  even  women  to  violations  of 
law  and  order.  Hence  to  secure  both  national  and  “domestic  tranquillity,” 
to  “  establish  justice,”  to  carry  out  the  spirit  of  our  Constitution,  put  into  the 
hands  of  all  women,  as  you  have  into  those  of  all  men,  the  ballot,  that  symbol 
of  perfect  equality,  that  right  protective  of  all  other  rights. 


Chapter  XXVII — Page  468. 


SOCIAL  PURITY. 

First  delivered  at  Chicago  in  the  Spring  of  1875 ,  in  the  Sunday  afternoon 

Dime  lecture  course. 

Though  women,  as  a  class,  are  much  less  addicted  to  drunkenness  and 
licentiousness  than  men,  it  is  universally  conceded  that  they  are  by  far  the 
greater  sufferers  from  these  evils.  Compelled  by  their  position  in  society  to 
depend  on  men  for  subsistence,  for  food,  clothes,  shelter,  for  every  chance 
even  to  earn  a  dollar,  they  have  no  way  of  escape  from  the  besotted  victims 
of  appetite  and  passion  with  whom  their  lot  is  cast.  They  must  endure,  if 
not  endorse,  these  twin  vices,  embodied,  as  they  so  often  are,  in  the  person 
of  father,  brother,  husband,  son,  employer.  No  one  can  doubt  that  the  suf¬ 
ferings  of  the  sober,  virtuous  woman,  in  legal  subjection  to  the  mastership  of 
a  drunken,  immoral  husband  and  father  over  herself  and  children,  not  only 
from  physical  abuse,  but  from  spiritual  shame  and  humiliation,  must  be  such  as 
the  man  himself  can  not  possibly  comprehend. 

It  is  not  my  purpose  to  harrow  your  feelings  by  any  attempt  at  depicting 
the  horrible  agonies  of  mind  and  body  that  grow  out  of  these  monster  social 
evils.  They  are  already  but  too  well  known.  Scarce  a  family  throughout  our 
broad  land  but  has  had  its  peace  and  happiness  marred  by  one  or  the  other, 
or  both.  That  these  evils  exist,  we  all  know ;  that  something  must  be  done, 
we  as  well  know ;  that  the  old  methods  have  failed,  that  man,  alone,  has 
proved  himself  incompetent  to  eradicate,  or  even  regulate  them,  is  equally 
evident.  It  shall  be  my  endeavor,  therefore,  to  prove  to  you  that  we  must 
now  adopt  new  measures  and  bring  to  our  aid  new  forces  to  accomplish  the 
desired  end. 

Forty  years’  efforts  by  men  alone  to  suppress  the  evil  of  intemperance 
give  us  the  following  appalling  figures:  600,000  common  drunkards !  Which, 
reckoning  our  population  to  be  40,000,000,  gives  us  one  drunkard  to  every 
seventeen  moderate  drinking  and  total-abstinence  men.  Granting  to  each  of 
these  600,000  drunkards  a  wife  and  four  children,  we  have  3,000,000  of  the 
women  and  children  of  this  nation  helplessly,  hopelessly  bound  to  this  vast 
army  of  irresponsible  victims  of  appetite. 

[Reference  was  here  made  to  woman’s  helplessness  under  the  laws.]  ? 

The  roots  of  the  giant  evil,  intemperance,  are  not  merely  moral  and  social ; 
they  extend  deep  and  wide  into  the  financial  and  political  structure  of  the 
government;  and  whenever  women,  or  men,  shall  intelligently  and  seriously 
set  themselves  about  the  work  of  uprooting  the  liquor  traffic,  they  will  find 
something  more  than  tears  and  prayers  needful  to  the  task.  Financial  and 

(1004) 


APPENDIX. 


1005 


political  power  must  be  combined  with  moral  and  social  influence,  all  bound 
together  in  one  earnest,  energetic,  persistent  force. 

[Statistics  given  of  pauperism,  lunacy,  idiocy  and  crime  growingout  of  intemperance.] 

The  prosecutions  in  our  courts  for  breach  of  promise,  divorce,  adultery, 
bigamy,  seduction,  rape ;  the  newspaper  reports  every  day  of  every  year  of 
scandals  and  outrages,  of  wife  murders  and  paramour  shootings,  of  abortions 
and  infanticides,  are  perpetual  reminders  of  men’s  incapacity  to  cope  success¬ 
fully  with  this  monster  evil  of  society. 

The  statistics  of  New  York  show  the  number  of  professional  prostitutes  in 
that  city  to  be  over  twenty  thousand.  Add  to  these  the  thousands  and  tens 
of  thousands  of  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Washington,  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis, 
Chicago,  San  Francisco,  and  all  our  cities,  great  and  small,  from  ocean  to 
ocean,  and  what  a  holocaust  of  the  womanhood  of  this  nation  is  sacrificed  to 
the  insatiate  Moloch  of  lust.  And  yet  more:  those  myriads  of  wretched 
women,  publicly  known  as  prostitutes,  constitute  but  a  small  portion  of  the 
numbers  who  actually  tread  the  paths  of  vice  and  crime.  For,  as  the  oft- 
broken  ranks  of  the  vast  army  of  common  drunkards  are  steadily  filled  by 
the  boasted  moderate  drinkers,  so  are  the  ranks  of  professional  prostitution 
continually  replenished  by  discouraged,  seduced,  deserted  unfortunates,  who 
can  no  longer  hide  the  terrible  secret  of  their  lives. 

The  Albany  Law  Journal,  of  December,  1876,  says  :  “  The  laws  of  infanti¬ 

cide  must  be  a  dead  letter  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  According  to  the 
reports  of  the  local  officials,  the  dead  bodies  of  infants,  still-born  and  mur¬ 
dered,  which  have  been  found  during  the  past  year,  scattered  over  parks  and 
vacant  lots  in  the  city  of  Washington,  are  to  be  numbered  by  hundreds.” 

In  1869  the  Catholics  established  a  Foundling  Hospital  in  New  York  City. 
At  the  close  of  the  first  six  months  Sister  Irene  reported  thirteen  hundred 
little  waifs  laid  in  the  basket  at  her  door.  That  meant  thirteen  hundred  of 
the  daughters  of  New  York,  with  trembling  hands  and  breaking  hearts,  try¬ 
ing  to  bury  their  sorrow  and  their  shame  from  the  world’s  cruel  gaze.  That 
meant  thirteen  hundred  mothers’  hopes  blighted  and  blasted.  Thirteen  hun¬ 
dred  Rachels  weeping  for  their  children  because  they  were  not! 

Nor  is  it  womanhood  alone  that  is  thus  fearfully  sacrificed.  For  every  be¬ 
trayed  woman,  there  is  always  the  betrayer,  man.  For  every  abandoned 
woman,  there  is  always  one  abandoned  man  and  oftener  many  more.  It  is 
estimated  that  there  are  50,000  professional  prostitutes  in  London,  and  Dr. 
Ryan  calculates  that  there  are  400,000  men  in  that  city  directly  or  indirectly 
connected  with  them,  and  that  this  vice  causes  the  city  an  annual  expendi¬ 
ture  of  $40,000,000. 

All  attempts  to  describe  the  loathsome  and  contagious  disease  which  it  en¬ 
genders  defy  human  language.  The  Rev.  Wm.  G.  Eliot,  of  St.  Louis,  says 
of  it:  “Few  know  of  the  terrible  nature  of  the  disease  in  question  and  its 
fearful  ravages,  not  only  among  the  guilty,  but  the  innocent.  Since  its  first 
recognized  appearance  in  Europe  in  the  fifteenth  century,  it  has  been  a  deso¬ 
lation  and  a  scourge.  In  its  worst  forms  it  is  so  subtle,  that  its  course  can 
with  difficulty  be  traced.  It  poisons  the  constitution,  and  may  be  imparted 
to  others  by  those  who  have  no  outward  or  distinguishable  marks  of  it  them- 


1006 


APPENDIX. 


selves.  It  may  be  propagated  months  and  years  after  it  seems  to  have  been 
cured.  The  purity  of  womanhood  and  the  helplessness  of  infancy  afford  no 
certainty  of  escape.” 

[Medical  testimony  given  from  cities  in  Europe.] 

Man’s  legislative  attempts  to  set  back  this  fearful  tide  of  social  corruption 
have  proved  even  more  futile  and  disastrous  than  have  those  for  the  suppres¬ 
sion  of  intemperance— as  witness  the  Contagious  Diseases  Acts  of  England 
and  the  St.  Louis  experiment.  And  yet  efforts  to  establish  similar  laws  are 
constantly  made  in  our  large  cities,  New  York  and  Washington  barely  escap¬ 
ing  last  winter. 

To  license  certain  persons  to  keep  brothels  and  saloons  is  but  to  throw 
around  them  and  their  traffic  the  shield  of  law,  and  thereby  to  blunt  the  edge 
of  all  moral  and  social  efforts  against  them.  Nevertheless,  in  every  large  city, 
brothels  are  virtually  licensed.  When  “Maggie  Smith”  is  made  to  appear 
before  the  police  court  at  the  close  of  each  quarter,  to  pay  her  fine  of  $10,  $25 
or  $100,  as  an  inmate  or  a  keeper  of  a  brothel,  and  allowed  to  continue  her 
vocation,  so  long  as  she  pays  her  fine,  that  is  license.  When  a  grand  jury  fails 
to  find  cause  for  indictment  against  a  well-known  keeper  of  a  house  of  ill- 
fame,  that,  too,  is  permission  for  her  and  all  of  her  class  to  follow  their  trade, 
against  the  statute  laws  of  the  State,  and  that  with  impunity. 

The  work  of  woman  is  not  to  lessen  the  severity  or  the  certainty  of  the 
penalty  for  the  violation  of  the  moral  law,  but  to  prevent  this  violation  by 
the  removal  of  the  causes  which  lead  to  it.  These  causes  are  said  to  be  wholly 
different  with  the  sexes.  The  acknowledged  incentive  to  this  vice  on  the  part 
of  man  is  his  own  abnormal  passion;  while  on  the  part  of  woman,  in  the 
great  majority  of  cases,  it  is  conceded  to  be  destitution — absolute  want  of  the 
necessaries  of  life.  Lecky,  the  famous  historian  of  European  morals,  says: 
“The  statistics  of  prostitution  show  that  a  great  proportion  of  those  women 
who  have  fallen  into  it  have  been  impelled  by  the  most  extreme  poverty,  in 
many  instances  verging  on  starvation.”  All  other  conscientious  students  of 
this  terrible  problem,  on  both  continents,  agree  with  Mr.  Lecky.  Lienee, 
there  is  no  escape  from  the  conclusion  that,  while  woman’s  want  of  bread  in¬ 
duces  her  to  pursue  this  vice,  man’s  love  of  the  vice  itself  leads  him  into  it 
and  holds  him  there.  While  statistics  show  no  lessening  of  the  passional  de¬ 
mand  on  the  part  of  man,  they  reveal  a  most  frightful  increase  of  the  tempta¬ 
tions,  the  necessities,  on  the  part  of  woman. 

In  the  olden  times,  when  the  daughters  of  the  family,  as  well  as  the  wife, 
were  occupied  with  useful  and  profitable  work  in  the  household,  getting  the 
meals  and  washing  the  dishes  three  times  in  every  day  of  every  year,  doing  the 
baking,  the  brewing,  the  washing  and  the  ironing,  the  whitewashing,  the 
butter  and  cheese  and  soap  making,  the  mending  and  the  making  of  clothes 
for  the  entire  family,  the  carding,  spinning  and  weaving  of  the  cloth— when 
everything  to  eat,  to  drink  and  to  wear  was  manufactured  in  the  home, 
almost  no  young  women  “  went  out  to  work.”  But  now,  when  nearly  all 
these  handicrafts  are  turned  over  to  men  and  to  machinery,  tens  of  thou¬ 
sands,  nay,  millions,  of  the  women  of  both  hemispheres  are  thrust  into  the 
world’s  outer  market  of  work  to  earn  their  own  subsistence.  Society,  ever  slow 


APPENDIX. 


1007 


to  change  its  conditions,  presents  to  these  millions  but  few  and  meager 
chances.  Only  the  barest  necessaries,  and  oftentimes  not  even  those,  can  be 
purchased  with  the  proceeds  of  the  most  excessive  and  exhausting  labor. 

Hence,  the  reward  of  virtue  for  the  homeless,  friendless,  penniless  woman 
is  ever  a  scanty  larder,  a  pinched,  patched,  faded  wardrobe,  a  dank  basement 
or  rickety  garret,  with  the  colder,  shabbier  scorn  and  neglect  of  the  more 
fortunate  of  her  sex.  Nightly,  as  weary  and  worn  from  her  day’s  toil 
she  wends  her  way  through  the  dark  alleys  toward  her  still  darker  abode, 
where  only  cold  and  hunger  await  her,  she  sees  on  every  side  and  at  every 
turn  the  gilded  hand  of  vice  and  crime  outstretched,  beckoning  her  to  food  and 
clothes  and  shelter;  hears  the  whisper  in  softest  accents,  “  Come  with  me  and 
1  will  give  you  all  the  comforts,  pleasures  and  luxuries  that  love  and  wealth 
can  bestow.”  Since  the  vast  multitudes  of  human  beings,  women  like  men, 
are  not  born  to  the  courage  or  conscience  of  the  martyr,  can  we  wonder  that 
so  many  poor  girls  fall,  that  so  many  accept  material  ease  and  comfort  at  the 
expense  of  spiritual  purity  and  peace  ?  Should  we  not  wonder,  rather,  that 
so  many  escape  the  sad  fate  ? 

Clearly,  then,  the  first  step  toward  solving  this  problem  is  to  lift  this  vast 
army  of  poverty-stricken  women  who  now  crowd  our  cities,  above  the  temp¬ 
tation,  the  necessity,  to  sell  themselves,  in  marriage  or  out,  for  bread  and 
shelter.  To  do  that,  girls,  like  boys,  must  be  educated  to  some  lucrative  em¬ 
ployment;  women,  like  men,  must  have  equal  chances  to  earn  a  living.  If 
the  plea  that  poverty  is  the  cause  of  woman’s  prostitution  be  not  true,  per¬ 
fect  equality  of  chances  to  earn  honest  bread  will  demonstrate  the  falsehood 
by  removing  that  pretext  and  placing  her  on  the  same  plane  with  man.  Then, 
if  she  is  found  in  the  ranks  of  vice  and  crime,  she  will  be  there  for  the  same 
reason  that  man  is  and,  from  an  object  of  pity,  she,  like  him,  will  become  a 
fit  subject  of  contempt.  From  being  the  party  sinned  against,  she  will  be¬ 
come  an  equal  sinner,  if  not  the  greater  of  the  two.  Women,  like  men, 
must  not  only  have  “fair  play  ”  in  the  world  of  work  and  self-support,  but, 
like  men,  must  be  eligible  to  all  the  honors  and  emoluments  of  society  and 
government.  Marriage,  to  women  as  to  men,  must  be  a  luxury,  not  a  neces¬ 
sity  ;  an  incident  of  life,  not  all  of  it.  And  the  only  possible  way  to  accom¬ 
plish  this  great  change  is  to  accord  to  women  equal  power  in  the  making, 
shaping  and  controlling  of  the  circumstances  of  life.  That  equality  of  rights 
and  privileges  is  vested  in  the  ballot,  the  symbol  of  power  in  a  republic. 
Hence,  our  first  and  most  urgent  demand — that  women  shall  be  protected  in 
the  exercise  of  their  inherent,  personal,  citizen’s  right  to  a  voice  in  the  gov¬ 
ernment,  municipal,  state,  national. 

Alexander  Hamilton  said  one  hundred  years  ago,  “  Give  to  a  man  the  right 
over  my  subsistence,  and  he  has  power  over  my  whole  moral  being.”  No 
one  doubts  the  truth  of  this  assertion  as  between  man  and  man ;  while,  as 
between  man  and  woman,  not  only  does  almost  no  one  believe  it,  but  the 
masses  of  people  deny  it.  And  yet  it  is  the  fact  of  man’s  possession  of  this 
right  over  woman’s  subsistence  which  gives  to  him  the  power  to  dictate  to  her 
a  moral  code  vastly  higher  and  purer  than  the  one  he  chooses  for  himself. 
Not  less  true  is  it,  that  the  fact  of  woman’s  dependence  on  man  for  her  sub- 


1008 


APPENDIX. 


sistence  renders  her  utterly  powerless  to  exact  from  him  the  same  high  moral 
code  she  chooses  for  herself. 

Of  the  8,000,000  women  over  twenty -one  years  of  age  in  the  United  States, 
800,000,  one  out  of  every  ten,  are  unmarried,  and  fully  one-half  of  the  entire 
number,  or  4,000,000,  support  themselves  wholly  or  in  part  by  the  industry  of 
their  own  hands  and  brains.  All  of  these,  married  or  single,  have  to  ask 
man,  as  an  individual,  a  corporation,  or  a  government,  to  grant  to  them  even 
the  privilege  of  hard  work  and  small  pay.  The  tens  of  thousands  of  poor 
but  respectable  young  girls  soliciting  copying,  clerkships,  shop  work,  teach¬ 
ing,  must  ask  of  men,  and  not  seldom  receive  in  response,  “Why  work  for 
a  living?  There  are  other  ways !  ” 

Whoever  controls  work  and  wages,  controls  morals.  Therefore,  we  must 
have  women  employers,  superintendents,  committees,  legislators ;  wherever 
girls  go  to  seek  the  means  of  subsistence,  there  must  be  some  woman.  Nay, 
more ;  we  must  have  women  preachers,  lawyers,  doctors— that  wherever 
women  go  to  seek  counsel — spiritual,  legal,  physical — there,  too,  they  will  be 
sure  to  find  the  best  and  noblest  of  their  own  sex  to  minister  to  them. 

Independence  is  happiness.  “  No  man  should  depend  upon  another;  not 
even  upon  his  own  father.  By  depend  I  mean,  obey  without  examination — 
yield  to  the  will  of  any  one  whomsoever.”  This  is  the  conclusion  to  which 
Pierre,  the  hero  of  Madame  Sand’s  “  Monsieur  Sylvestre,”  arrives,  after  run¬ 
ning  away  from  the  uncle  wdio  had  determined  to  marry  him  to  a  woman  he 
did  not  choose  to  wed.  In  freedom  he  discovers  that,  though  deprived  of  all 
the  luxuries  to  which  he  had  been  accustomed,  he  is  happy,  and  writes  his 
friend  that  “without  having  realized  it,  he  had  been  unhappy  all  his  life; 
had  suffered  from  his  dependent  condition ;  that  nothing  in  his  life,  his  pleas¬ 
ures,  his  occupations,  had  been  of  his  own  choice.”  And  is  not  this  the  pre¬ 
cise  condition  of  what  men  call  the  “  better  half  ”  of  the  human  family  ? 

In  one  of  our  western  cities  I  once  met  a  beautiful  young  woman,  a  success¬ 
ful  teacher  in  its  public  schools,  an  only  daughter  who  had  left  her  New  Eng¬ 
land  home  and  all  its  comforts  and  luxuries  and  culture.  Her  father  was  a 
member  of  Congress  and  could  bring  to  her  all  the  attractions  of  Washington 
society.  That  young  girl  said  to  me,  “The  happiest  moment  of  my  life  was 
when  I  received  into  my  hand  my  first  month’s  salary  for  teaching.”  Not  long 
after,  I  met  her  father  in  Washington,  spoke  to  him  of  his  noble  daughter, 
and  he  said:  “  Yes,  you  woman’s  rights  people  have  robbed  me  of  my  only 
child  and  left  the  home  of  my  old  age  sad  and  desolate.  Would  to  God  that 
the  notion  of  supporting  herself  had  never  entered  her  head  !  ”  Had  that  same 
lovely,  cultured,  energetic  young  girl  left  the  love,  the  luxury,  the  protection 
of  that  New  England  home  for  marriage,  instead  of  self-support;  had  she 
gone  out  to  be  the  light  and  joy  of  a  husband’s  life,  instead  of  her  own ;  had 
she  but  chosen  another  man,  instead  of  her  father,  to  decide  for  her  all  her 
pleasures  and  occupations ;  had  she  but  taken  another  position  of  dependence, 
instead  of  one  of  independence,  neither  her  father  nor  the  world  would  have 
felt  the  change  one  to  be  condemned.  .  .  . 

Fathers  should  be  most  particular  about  the  men  who  visit  their  daughters, 
and,  to  further  this  reform,  pure  women  not  only  must  refuse  to  meet  inti¬ 
mately  and  to  marry  impure  men,  but,  finding  themselves  deceived  in  their 


APPENDIX. 


1009 


husbands,  they  must  refuse  to  continue  in  the  marriage  relation  with  them. 
We  have  had  quite  enough  of  the  sickly  sentimentalism  which  counts  the 
woman  a  heroine  and  a  saint  for  remaining  the  wife  of  a  drunken,  immoral 
husband,  incurring  the  risk  of  her  own  health  and  poisoning  the  life-blood  of 
the  young  beings  that  result  from  this  unholy  alliance.  Such  company  as  ye 
keep,  such  ye  are!  must  be  the  maxim  of  married,  as  well  as  unmarried, 
women.  .  . 

[Numerous  instances  cited  of  the  unjust  discrimination  against  women  where  men  were 
equally  guilty.  1 

So  long  as  the  wife  is  held  innocent  in  continuing  to  live  with  a  libertine, 
and  every  girl  whom  he  inveigles  and  betrays  becomes  an  outcast  whom  no 
other  wife  will  tolerate  in  her  house,  there  is,  there  can  be,  no  hope  of  solv¬ 
ing  the  problem  of  prostitution.  As  long  experience  has  shown,  these  poor, 
homeless  girls  of  the  world  can  not  be  relied  on,  as  a  police  force,  to  hold  all 
husbands  true  to  their  marriage  vows.  Here  and  there,  they  will  fail  and, 
where  they  do,  wives  must  make  not  the  girls  alone,  but  their  husbands  also 
suffer  for  their  infidelity,  as  husbands  never  fail  to  do  when  their  wives 
weakly  or  wickedly  yield  to  the  blandishments  of  other  men. 

[Examples  given  to  prove  this  point.] 

In  a  western  city  the  wives  conspired  to  burn  down  a  house  of  ill-fame  in 
which  their  husbands  had  placed  a  half-dozen  of  the  demi-monde.  Would  it 
not  have  shown  much  more  womanly  wisdom  and  virtue  for  those  legal 
wfives  to  have  refused  to  recognize  their  husbands,  instead  of  wreaking  their 
vengeance  on  the  heads  of  those  wretched  women  ?  But  how  could  they 
without  finding  themselves,  as  a  result,  penniless  and  homeless  ?  The  per¬ 
son,  the  services,  the  children,  the  subsistence,  of  each  and  every  one  of 
those  women  belonged  by  law,  not  to  herself,  but  to  her  unfaithful  husband. 

Now,  why  is  it  that  man  can  hold  woman  to  this  high  code  of  morals,  like 
Caesar’s  wife— not  only  pure  but  above  suspicion— and  so  surely  and  severely 
punish  her  for  every  departure,  while  she  is  so  helpless,  so  powrerless  to  check 
him  in  his  license,  or  to  extricate  herself  from  his  presence  and  control  ?  His 
power  grows  out  of  his  right  over  her  subsistence.  Her  lack  of  power  grows 
out  of  her  dependence  on  him  for  her  food,  her  clothes,  her  shelter. 

Marriage  never  will  cease  to  be  a  wholly  unequal  partnership  until  the  law 
recognizes  the  equal  ownership  in  the  joint  earnings  and  possessions.  The 
true  relation  of  the  sexes  never  can  be  attained  until  woman  is  free  and  equal 
with  man.  Neither  in  the  making  nor  executing  of  the  laws  regulating  these 
relations  has  woman’ever  had  the  slightest  voice.  The  statutes  for  marriage  and 
divorce,  for  adultery,  breach  of  promise,  seduction,  rape,  bigamy,  abortion, 
infanticide— all  were  made  by  men.  They,  alone,  decide  who  are  guilty  of 
violating  these  laws  and  what  shall  be  their  punishment,  with  judge,  jury 
and  advocate  all  men,  with  no  woman’s  voice  heard  in  our  courts,  save  as 
accused  or  witness,  and  in  many  cases  the  married  woman  is  denied  the  poor 
privilege  of  testifying  as  to  her  own  guilt  or  innocence  of  the  crime  charged 
against  her. 

Since  the  days  of  Moses  and  the  prophets,  men  and  ministers  have  preached 
Ant. — 64 


1010 


APPENDIX. 


the  law  of  “  visiting  the  iniquity  of  the  fathers  upon  the  children  and  the 
children’s  children,  to  the  third  and  fourth  generations.”  But  with  absolute 
power  over  woman  and  all  the  conditions  of  life  for  the  whole  6,000  years, 
man  has  proved  his  utter  inability  either  to  put  away  his  own  iniquities,  or  to 
cease  to  liana  them  down  from  generation  to  generation ;  hence,  the  only 
hope  of  reform  is  in  sharing  this  absolute  power  with  some  other  than  him¬ 
self,  and  that  other  must  be  woman.  When  no  longer  a  subject,  but  an  equal — a 
free  and  independent  sovereign,  believing  herself  created  primarily  for  her 
own  individual  happiness  and  development  and  secondarily  for  man’s,  pre¬ 
cisely  as  man  believes  himself  created  first  for  his  own  enjoyment  and 
second  for  that  of  woman  she  will  constitute  herself  sole  umpire  in  the 
sacred  domain  of  motherhood.  Then,  instead  of  feeling  it  her  Christian  duty 
to  live  with  a  drunken,  profligate  husband,  handing  down  to  her  children  his 
depraved  appetites  and  passions,  she  will  know  that  God’s  curse  will  be  upon 
her  and  her  children  if  she  flee  not  from  him  as  from  a  pestilence. 

It  is  worse  than  folly,  it  is  madness,  for  women  to  delude  themselves  with 
the  idea  that  their  children  will  escape  the  terrible  penalty  of  the  law.  The 
taint  of  their  oirth  will  surely  follow  them.  For  pure  women  to  continue  to 
devoie  themselves  to  their  man-appointed  mission  of  visiting  the  dark  purlieus 
of  society  and  struggling  to  reclaim  the  myriads  of  badly-born  human  beings 
swarming  there,  is  as  hopeless  as  would  be  an  attempt  to  ladle  the  ocean  with 
a  teaspoon;  as  unphilosophical  as  was  the  undertaking  of  the  old  Ameri¬ 
can  Colonization  Society,  which,  with  great  labor  and  pains  and  money, 
redeemed  from  slavery  and  transported  to  Liberia  annually  400  negroes ;  or 
the  Fugitive  Slave  Societies,  which  succeeded  in  running  off  to  Canada,  on 
their  “  under-ground  railroads,”  some  40,000  in  a  whole  quarter  of  a  century. 
While  those  good  men  were  thus  toiling  to  rescue  the  400  or  the  40,000  indi¬ 
vidual  victims  of  slavery,  each  day  saw  hundreds  and  each  year  thousands  of 
human  beings  born  into  the  terrible  condition  of  chattelism.  All  see  and 
admit  now  what  none  but  the  Abolitionists  saw  then,  that  the  only  effectual 
work  was  the  entire  overthrow  of  the  system  of  slavery ;  the  abrogation  of 
the  law  which  sanctioned  the  right  of  property  in  man. 

In  answer  to  my  proposal  to  speak  in  one  of  the  cities  of  Iowa,  an  earnest 
woman  replied,  “It  is  impossible  to  get  you  an  audience;  all  of  our  best 
women  aie  at  present  engaged  in  an  effort  to  establish  a  ‘Home  for  the 
Friendless.’  All  the  churches  are  calling  for  the  entire  time  of  their  mem¬ 
bers  to  get  up  fairs,  dinners,  concerts,  etc.,  to  raise  money.  In  fact,  even  our 
woman  suffragists  are  losing  themselves  in  devotion  to  some  institution.” 

Thus,  wherever  you  go,  you  find  the  best  women,  in  and  out  of  the  churches, 
all  absorbed  in  establishing  or  maintaining  benevolent  or  reform  institutions; 
charitable  societies,  soup-houses,  ragged  schools,  industrial  schools,  mite 
societies,  mission  schools— at  home  and  abroad— homes  and  hospitals  for  the 
sick,  the  aged,  the  friendless,  the  foundling,  the  fallen;  asylums  for  the 
orphans,  the  blind,  the  deaf  and  dumb,  the  insane,  the  inebriate,  the  idiot. 
The  women  of  this  century  are  neither  idle  nor  indifferent.  They  are  work¬ 
ing  with  might  and  main  to  mitigate  the  evils  which  stare  them  in  the  face  on 
every  side,  but  much  of  their  work  is  without  knowledge.  It  is  aimed  at  the 
effects,  not  the  cause ;  it  is  plucking  the  spoiled  fruit ;  it  is  lopping  off  the 


APPENDIX. 


1011 


poisonous  branches  of  the  deadly  upas  tree,  which  but  makes  the  root  more 
vigorous  in  sending  out  new  shoots  in  every  direction.  A  right  understand¬ 
ing  of  physiological  law  teaches  us  that  the  cause  must  be  removed ;  the  tree 
must  be  girdled ;  the  tap-root  must  be  severed. 

The  tap-root  of  our  social  upas  lies  deep  down  at  the  very  foundations  of 
society.  It  is  woman’s  dependence.  It  is  woman’s  subjection.  Hence,  the 
first  and  only  efficient  work  must  be  to  emancipate  woman  from  her  enslave¬ 
ment.  The  wife  must  no  longer  echo  the  poet  Milton’s  ideal  Eve,  when  she 
adoringly  said  to  Adam,  “  God,  thy  law;  thou,  mine!  ”  She  must  feel  her¬ 
self  accountable  to  God  alone  for  every  act,  fearing  and  obeying  no  man,  save 
where  his  will  is  in  line  with  her  own  highest  idea  of  divine  law. 

The  president  of  the  Howard  Mission  School,  New  York,  said,  “Miss  An¬ 
thony,  it  is  a  marvel  to  me  that,  with  so  much  brain  and  common  sense,  you 
should  always  devote  yourself  to  mere  abstractions.  Why  is  it  that  you  never 
set  yourself  about  some  practical  work  ?  ” 

“  Like  the  Howard  Mission  ?  ”  said  I.  “How  many  less  children  have  you 
now  than  ten  years  ago  ?  ” 

“  Oh,  no  less,  but  many,  many  more.” 

“Would  it  not  be  a  practical  work,  then,  to  make  it  possible  for  every 
mother  to  support  her  own  children  ?  That  is  my  aim  and  my  work ;  while 
yours  is  simply  to  pick  up  the  poor  children,  leaving  every  girl-child  to  the 
mother’s  heritage  of  helpless  poverty  and  vice.  My  aim  is  to  change  the  con¬ 
dition  of  women  to  self-help ;  yours,  simply  to  ameliorate  the  ills  that  must 
inevitably  grow  out  of  dependence.  My  work  is  to  lessen  the  numbers  of  the 
poor;  yours,  merely  to  lessen  the  sufferings  of  their  tenfold  increase.” 

If  the  divine  law  visits  the  sins  of  the  fathers  upon  the  children,  equally  so 
does  it  transmit  to  them  their  virtues.  Therefore,  if  it  is  through  woman’s 
ignorant  subjection  to  the  tyranny  of  man’s  appetites  and  passions  that  the  life- 
current  of  the  race  is  corrupted,  then  must  it  be  through  her  intelligent  emanci¬ 
pation  that  the  race  shall  be  redeemed  from  the  curse,  and  her  children  and 
children’s  children  rise  up  to  call  her  blessed.  When  the  mother  of  Christ  shall 
be  made  the  true  model  of  womanhood  and  motherhood,  when  the  office  of 
maternity  shall  be  held  sacred  and  the  mother  shall  consecrate  herself,  as  did 
Mary,  to  the  one  idea  of  bringing  forth  the  Christ-child,  then,  and  not  till  then, 
will  this  earth  see  a  new  order  of  men  and  women,  prone  to  good  rather  than 
evil. 

I  am  a  full  and  firm  believer  in  the  revelation  that  it  is  through  woman 
that  the  race  is  to  be  redeemed.  And  it  is  because  of  this  faith  that  I  ask  for 
her  immediate  and  unconditional  emancipation  from  all  political,  industrial, 
social  and  religious  subjection. 

“  What  is  most  needed  to  ensure  the  future  greatness  of  the  empire?”  in¬ 
quired  Madame  Campan  of  the  great  Napoleon.  “  Mothers!  ”  was  the  terse 
and  suggestive  reply.  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson  says,  “Men  are  what  their 
mothers  made  them.”  But  I  say,  to  hold  mothers  responsible  for  the  charac¬ 
ter  of  their  sons  while  you  deny  them  any  control  over  the  surroundings  of 
their  lives,  is  worse  than  mockery,  it  is  cruelty !  Responsibilities  grow  out  of 
rights  and  powers.  Therefore,  before  mothers  can  be  held  responsible  for 
the  vices  and  crimes,  the  wholesale  demoralization  of  men,  they  must  pos- 


1012 


APPENDIX. 


sess  all  possible  rights  and  powers  to  control  the  conditions  and  circumstances 
of  their  own  and  their  children’s  lives. 

A  minister  of  Chicago  sums  up  the  infamies  of  that  great  metropolis  of  the 
West  as  follows:  3,000  licensed  dram-shops  and  myriad  patrons;  300  gamb¬ 
ling  houses  and  countless  frequenters,  many  of  them  young  men  from  the 
best  families  of  the  city ;  79  obscene  theatres,  with  their  thousands  of  de¬ 
graded  men  and  boys  nightly  in  attendance ;  500  brothels,  with  their  thou¬ 
sands  of  poor  girls,  bodies  and  souls  sacrificed  to  the  20,000  or  30,000  depraved 
men— young  and  old,  married  and  single— who  visit  them.  While  all  the 
participants  in  all  these  forms  of  iniquity,  victims  and  victimizers  alike — the 
women  excepted  may  go  to  the  polls  on  every  election  day  and  vote  for  the 
mayor  and  members  of  the  common  council,  who  will  either  continue  to  license 
these  places,  or  fail  to  enforce  the  laws  which  would  practically  close  them — 
not  a  single  woman  in  that  city  may  record  her  vote  against  those  wretched 
blots  on  civilization.  The  profane,  tobacco-chewing,  whiskey-drinking,  gamb¬ 
ling  libertines  may  vote,  but  not  their  virtuous,  intelligent,  sober,  law-abiding 
wives  and  mothers ! 

You  remember  the  petition  of  18,000  of  the  best  women  of  Chicago,  a  year 
ago,  asking  the  common  council  not  to  repeal  the  Sunday  Liquor  Law?  Why 
were  they  treated  with  ridicule  and  contempt  ?  Why  was  their  prayer  un¬ 
heeded  ?  Was  it  because  the  honorable  gentlemen  had  no  respect  for  those 
women  or  their  demand?  No;  on  the  contrary,  many  of  them,  doubtless, 
were  men  possessed  of  high  regard  for  women,  who  would  have  been  glad  to 
aid  them  in  their  noble  efforts ;  but  the  power  that  placed  those  men  in  office, 
the  representatives  of  the  saloons,  brothels  and  obscene  shows,  crowded  the 
council  chamber  and  its  corridors,  threatening  political  death  to  the  man  who 
should  dare  give  his  voice  or  his  vote  for  the  maintenance  of  that  law.  Could 
those  18,000  women,  with  the  tens  of  thousands  whom  they  represented,  have 
gone  to  the  ballot-box  at  the  next  election  and  voted  to  re-elect  the  men  who 
championed  their  petition,  and  defeat  those  who  opposed  it,  does  any  one 
doubt  that  it  would  have  been  heeded  by  the  common  council  ? 

As  the  fountain  can  rise  no  higher  than  the  spring  that  feeds  it,  so  a  legis¬ 
lative  body  will  enact  or  enforce  no  law  above  the  average  sentiment  of  the 
people  who  created  it.  Any  and  every  reform  work  is  sure  to  lead  women  to 
the  ballot-box.  It  is  idle  for  them  to  hope  to  battle  successfully  against  the 
monster  evils  of  society  until  they  shall  be  armed  with  weapons  equal  to  those 
of  the  enemy — votes  and  money.  Archimedes  said,  “  Give  to  me  a  fulcrum 
on  which  to  plant  my  lever,  and  I  will  move  the  world.”  And  I  say,  give  to 
woman  the  ballot,  the  political  fulcrum,  on  which  to  plant  her  moral  lever, 
and  she  will  lift  the  world  into  a  nobler  and  purer  atmosphere. 

Two  great  necessities  forced  this  nation  to  extend  justice  and  equality  to  the 
negro : 

First,  Military  necessity,  which  compelled  the  abolition  of  the  crime  and 
curse  of  slavery,  before  the  rebellion  could  be  overcome. 

Second,  Political  necessity,  which  required  the  enfranchisement  of  the 
newly-freed  men,  before  the  work  of  reconstruction  could  begin. 

The  third  is  now  pressing,  Moral  necessity— to  emancipate  woman,  before 
Social  Purity,  the  nation’s  safeguard,  ever  can  be  established. 


Chapter  XXXY — Page  642. 

OPEN  LETTER  TO  BENJAMIN  HARRISON, 

Republican  Nominee  for  President. 

Indianapolis,  Ind.,  June  30,  1888. 

Dear  Sir:  We,  representatives  of  the  National  Woman  Suffrage  Associa¬ 
tion,  respectfully  ask  you  to  consider  the  following  facts: 

The  first  plank  in  the  platform  adopted  by  the  Republican  convention 
recently  held  in  Chicago,  entitled  “  The  Purity  of  the  Ballot,”  reaffirms  the 
unswerving  devotion  of  the  Republican  party  to  the  personal  rights  and  lib¬ 
erties  of  citizens  in  all  the  States  and  Territories  of  the  Union,  and  especially 
to  “the  supreme  and  sovereign  right  of  every  lawful  citizen,  rich  or  poor, 
native  or  foreign,  white  or  black,  to  cast  one  free  ballot  in  public  elections 
and  to  have  that  ballot  duly  counted.”  And  again  the  platform  says :  “  We 
hold  the  free  and  honest  popular  ballot,  and  the  just  and  equal  representation 
of  all  the  people,  to  be  the  foundation  of  our  republican  government.” 

These  declarations  place  the  Republican  party  in  its  original  attitude  as  the 
defender  of  the  personal  freedom  and  political  liberties  of  all  citizens  of 
the  United  States.  These  sentiments,  even  the  phraseology  in  which  they  are 
here  expressed,  may  be  found  in  every  series  of  resolutions  adopted  by  the 
National  Woman  Suffrage  Association  since  its  organization. 

The  advocates  of  woman  suffrage  would  have  been  glad  to  see  the  phrase 
“  male  or  female”  inserted  after  the  phrase  “  white  or  black  ”  in  the  resolu¬ 
tion  above  quoted,  because  this  would  be  a  fitting  conclusion  to  the  enumera¬ 
tion  by  antithesis  of  the  classes  into  which  citizens  are  divided.  However, 
no  enumeration  of  classes  was  necessary  to  explain  or  to  enforce  the  declara¬ 
tion  of  the  party’s  devotion  to  “the  supreme  and  sovereign  right  of  every 
lawful  citizen  to  cast  one  free  ballot  in  public  elections  and  to  have  that 
ballot  duly  counted.”  It  is  the  unimpeded  exercise  of  this  “  supreme  and 
sovereign  right  of  every  lawful  citizen  ”  which  the  women  we  represent 
demand. 

That  women  are  “lawful  citizens”  is  undeniable,  since  the  law  recognizes 
them  as  such  through  the  visits  of  the  assessor  and  tax-gatherer ;  since  it 
recognizes  them  as  such  in  the  police  stations,  the  jails,  the  courts  and  the 
prisons.  Only  at  the  ballot-box  is  the  lawful  citizenship  of  women  chal¬ 
lenged  !  Only  at  the  ballot-box,  which  is  declared  to  be  the  sole  safe-guard 
of  the  citizen’s  liberty — only  there  is  the  liberty  of  the  female  citizen  de¬ 
nied. 

But  reverting  to  the  first  resolution  in  the  Republican  platform,  so  satis¬ 
factory  in  its  sentiments,  we  beg  to  suggest  that  its  value  will  depend  solely 
upon  its  interpretation,  and  that  its  authoritative  interpretation  must  be 
given  by  the  leaders  of  the  Republican  party.  Therefore  to  you,  the  chosen 

(1013) 


1014 


APPENDIX. 


head  of  that  party,  we  address  ourselves,  asking  that  your  letter  of  accept¬ 
ance  of  the  nomination  to  the  presidency  of  the  United  States  be  so  framed 
as  to  indicate  clearly  your  recognition  of  the  fact  that  the  Republican  party 
has  pledged  itself  to  protect  every  citizen  in  the  free  exercise  of  “  the  supreme 
and  sovereign  right”  to  vote  at  public  elections. 

It  appears  to  us  that  the  application  of  Republican  principles  which  we 
seek  must  be  in  harmony  with  your  own  inherited  tendencies.  One  familiar 
with  the  history  of  the  English-speaking  people,  during  the  last  two  and  a 
half  centuries,  with  their  struggles  for  conscience,  and  freedom’s  sake,  must 
deem  it  a  matter  of  course  that  by  this  time  the  sense  of  individual  respon¬ 
sibility  has  become  strong  even  in  the  hearts  of  women ;  and  the  descendant 
of  one  who  in  the  name  of  individual  liberty  stood  with  Cromwell  against 
the  “ divine  right  of  kings”  and  the  tyranny  consequent  upon  that  obnox¬ 
ious  doctrine,  can  not  be  surprised  to  find  himself  appealed  to  by  his  country¬ 
women,  in  that  same  sacred  name,  to  stand  with  the  most  enlightened  portion 
of  his  party — with  such  men  as  Morton,  Sumner  and  Lincoln— against  the 
divine  right  of  sex  and  the  political  tyranny  involved  in  this  doctrine,  which 
in  a  republic  presents  such  an  anomaly. 

Hoping  that  the  question  suggested  by  this  appeal  will  command  from  you 
the  attention  which  its  importance  merits,  we  subscribe  ourselves, 

Yours  with  high  esteem, 

Susan  B.  Anthony, 
Vice-President-at-Large  N.  W.  S.  A. 
May  Wright  Sewall, 
Chairman  Executive  Committee  N.  W.  S.  A. 


Chapter  XLIII — Page  785. 


DEMAND  FOR  PARTY  RECOGNITION. 

Delivered  in  Kansas  City  at  the  opening  of  the  campaign ,  May  4,  1894. 

I  come  to  you  tonight  not  as  a  stranger,  not  as  an  outsider  but,  in  spirit  and 
in  every  sense,  as  one  of  you.  I  have  been  connected  with  you  by  the  ties  of 
relationship  for  nearly  forty  years.  Twenty-seven  years  ago  I  canvassed  this 
entire  State  of  Kansas  in  your  first  woman  suffrage  campaign.  During  the 
last  decade  I  have  made  a  speaking  tour  of  your  congressional  districts  over 
and  over  again.  Now  I  come  once  more  to  appeal  to  you  for  justice  to  the 
women  of  your  State. 

To  preface,  I  want  to  say  that  when  the  rebellion  broke  out  in  this  country, 
we  of  the  woman  suffrage  movement  postponed  our  meetings,  and  organized 
ourselves  into  a  great  National  Women’s  Loyal  League  with  headquarters  in  the 
city  of  New  York.  We  sent  out  thousands  of  petitions  praying  Congress  to 
abolish  slavery,  as  a  war  measure,  and  to  these  petitions  we  obtained  365,000 
signatures.  They  were  presented  by  Charles  Sumner,  that  noblest  Republi¬ 
can  of  them  all,  and  it  took  two  stalwart  negroes  to  carry  them  into  the  Sen¬ 
ate  chamber.  We  did  our  work  faithfully  all  those  years.  Other  women 
scraped  lint,  made  jellies,  ministered  to  sick  and  suffering  soldiers  and  in  every 
way  worked  for  the  help  of  the  government  in  putting  down  that  rebellion. 
No  man,  no  Republican  leader,  worked  more  faithfully  or  loyally  than  did 
the  women  of  this  nation  in  every  city  and  county  of  the  North  to  aid  the 
government. 

In  1865  I  made  my  first  visit  to  Kansas  and,  on  the  2d  of  July,  went  by 
stage  from  Leavenworth  to  Topeka.  O,  how  I  remember  those  first  acres 
and  miles  of  cornfields  I  ever  had  seen  ;  how  I  remember  that  ride  to  Topeka  and 
from  there  in  an  open  mail  wagon  to  Ottumwa,  where  I  was  one  of  the  speakers 
at  the  Fourth  of  July  celebration.  Those  were  the  days,  as  you  recollect, 
just  after  the  murder  of  Lincoln  and  the  accession  to  the  presidential  chair  of 
Andrew  Johnson,  who  had  issued  his  proclamation  for  the  reconstruction  of 
Mississippi.  So  the  question  of  the  negro’s  enfranchisement  was  uppermost 
in  the  minds  of  leading  Republicans,  though  no  one  save  Charles  Sumner 
had  dared  to  speak  it  aloud.  In  that  speech,  I  clearly  stated  that  the  govern¬ 
ment  never  would  be  reconstructed,  that  peace  never  would  reign  and  justice 
never  be  uppermost  until  not  only  the  black  men  were  enfranchised  but 
also  the  women  of  the  entire  nation.  The  men  congratulated  me  upon  my 
speech,  the  first  part  of  it,  every  word  I  said  about  negro  suffrage,  but  de¬ 
clared  that  I  should  not  have  mentioned  woman  suffrage  at  so  critical  an  hour. 

A  little  later  the  Associated  Press  dispatch  came  that  motions  had  been 
made  on  the  floor  of  the  House  of  Representatives  at  Washington  to  insert 

(1015) 


1016 


APPENDIX. 


the  word  “  male  ”  in  the  second  clause  of  the  Fourteenth  Amendment.  You 
remember  the  first  clause,  “  All  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the  United 
States,  and  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  are  citizens  of  the  United 
States  and  of  the  State  wherein  they  reside.  No  State  shall  make  or  enforce 
any  law  which  shall  abridge  the  privileges  and  immunities  of  citizens. ”  That 
was  magnificent.  Every  woman  of  us  saw  that  it  included  the  women  of  the 
nation  as  well  as  black  men.  The  second  section,  as  Thaddeus  Stevens  drew 
it,  said,  “  If  any  State  shall  disfranchise  any  of  its  citizens  on  account  of  color, 
all  that  class  shall  be  counted  out  of  the  basis  of  representation;”  but  at  once 
the  enemy  asked,  “  Do  you  mean  that  if  any  State  shall  disfranchise  its  negro 
women,  you  are  going  to  count  all  of  the  black  race  out  of  the  basis  of  repre¬ 
sentation?  ”  And  weak-kneed  Republicans,  after  having  fought  such  a  glori¬ 
ous  battle,  surrendered ;  they  could  not  stand  the  taunt.  Charles  Sumner 
said  he  wrote  over  nineteen  pages  of  foolscap  in  order  to  keep  the  word 
1  ma^e  ”  out  of  the  Constitution;  but  he  could  not  do  it  so  he  with  the  rest 
subscribed  to  the  amendment:  “If  any  State  shall  disfranchise  any  of  its 
male  citizens  all  of  that  class  shall  be  counted  out  of  the  basis  of  representa¬ 
tion.” 

Theie  was  the  first  great  surrender  and,  in  all  those  years  of  reconstruction, 
Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  the  great  leader  of  our  woman  suffrage  movement, 
declared  that  because  the  Republicans  were  willing  to  sacrifice  the  enfran¬ 
chisement  of  the  women  of  the  nation  they  would  lose  eventually  the  power 
to  protect  the  black  man  in  his  right  to  vote.  But  the  leaders  of  the  Repub¬ 
lican  party  shouted  back  to  us,  “Keep  silence,  this  is  the  negro’s  hour.” 
Even  our  glorious  Wendell  Phillips,  who  said,  “To  talk  to  a  black  man  of 
freedom  without  the  ballot  is  mockery,”  joined  in  the  cry,  “This  is  the 
negro’s  hour;”  but  we  never  yielded  the  point  that,  “To  talk  to  women  of 
freedom  without  the  ballot  is  mockery  also.”  But  timidity,  cowardice  and 
v  ant  of  piinciple  carried  forward  the  reconstruction  of  the  government  with 
the  women  left  out. 

Then  came  in  1867  the  submission  by  your  Kansas  legislature  of  three 
amendments  to  your  constitution  :  That  all  men  who  had  served  in  the  rebel 
army  should  be  disfranchised;  that  all  black  men  should  be  enfranchised ; 
and  that  all  women  should  be  enfranchised.  The  Democrats  held  their  State 
convention  and  resolved  they  would  have  nothing  to  do  with  that  “  modern 
fanaticism  of  woman’s  rights.”  The  Germans  held  a  meeting  in  Lawrence, 
and  denounced  this  “  new-fangled  idea.”  The  Republicans  held  their  State 
convention  and  resolved  to  be  “  neutral.”  And  they  were  neutral  precisely 
as  England  was  neutral  in  the  rebellion.  While  England  declared  neutrality, 
she  allowed  the  Shenandoah ,  the  Alabama  and  other  pirate  ships  to  be  fitted 
up  in  her  ports  to  maraud  the  seas  and  capture  American  vessels.  The  fact 
was  not  a  single  stump  speaker  appointed  by  the  Republican  committee  ad¬ 
vocated  the  woman  suffrage  amendment  and,  more  than  this,  all  spoke 
against  it. 

Then,  of  course,  we  had  to  make  a  woman  suffrage  campaign  through  the 
months  of  September  and  October.  We  did  our  best.  Everywhere  we  had 
splendid  audiences  and  I  think  we  had  a  larger  ratio  of  ‘men  in  those 
olden  times  than  we  have  nowadays.  Election  day  came,  that  5th  day  of 


APPENDIX. 


1017 


November,  1867,  when  9,070  men  voted  yes,  and  over  18,000  voted  no.  On 
the  negro  suffrage  amendment,  10,500  voted  yes  and  the  remainder  voted  no. 
Both  amendments  were  lost.  All  the  political  power  of  the  national  and 
State  Republican  party  was  brought  to  bear  to  induce  every  man  to  vote  for 
negro  suffrage ;  on  the  other  hand,  all  the  enginery  and  power  of  the  Repub¬ 
lican,  as  well  as  of  the  Democratic  party,  were  against  us;  and  many  were 
so  ignorant  they  absolutely  believed  that  to  vote  for  woman  suffrage  was 
to  vote  against  the  negro.  It  was  exactly  like  declaring  here  tonight  that  if 
every  woman  in  this  house  should  fill  her  lungs  with  oxygen,  she  would  rob 
all  you  men  of  enough  to  fill  yours.  Nobody  is  robbed  by  letting  everybody 
have  equal  rights. 

Since  1867  seven  other  States  have  submitted  the  question.  Let  me  run 
them  over. 

[Miss  Anthony  then  gave  a  graphic  description  of  the  campaigns  in  Michigan,  1874 ;  Colo¬ 
rado,  1877;  Nebraska,  1882;  Oregon,  1884;  Rhode  Island,  1886;  Washington,  1889;  South 
Dakota,  1890;  all  of  which  failed  for  lack  of  support  from  the  political  platforms,  editors 
and  speakers.] 

But  at  last  in  Colorado,  in  the  second  campaign,  we  won  by  the  popular 
vote,  gained  through  party  endorsement,  the  enfranchisement  of  women. 
During  the  summer  of  1893  nearly  every  Republican  and  Populist  and  not  a 
few  Democratic  county  conventions  put  approving  planks  in  their  platforms. 
When  the  fall  campaign  opened  every  stump  orator  was  authorized  to  speak 
favorably  upon  the  subject ;  no  man  could  oppose  it  unless  he  ran  counter  to 
the  principles  laid  down  in  his  party  platform.  That  made  it  a  truly  educa¬ 
tional  campaign  to  all  the  voters  of  the  State.  A  word  to  the  wise  is  suffi¬ 
cient.  Let  every  man  who  wants  the  suffrage  amendment  carried,  demand  a 
full  and  hearty  endorsement  of  the  measure  by  his  political  party,  be  it  Dem¬ 
ocrat,  Republican,  Populist  or  Prohibition,  so  that  Kansas  shall  win  as  did 
her  neighbor  State,  Colorado. 

The  Republicans  of  Kansas  made  the  Prohibition  amendment  a  party 
measure  in  1880.  After  they  secured  the  law  they  had  planks  in  their  plat¬ 
form  for  its  enforcement  from  year  to  year,  until  they  were  tired  of  fighting 
the  liquor  dealers,  backed  by  the  Democrats  in  the  State  and  on  the  borders. 
They  wearied  of  being  taunted  with  the  fact  that  they  had  not  the  power  to 
enforce  the  law.  Then  in  1887  they  gave  municipal  suffrage  to  women  as  a 
sheer  party  necessity.  Just  as  much  as  it  was  a  necessity  of  the  Republicans 
in  reconstruction  days  to  enfranchise  the  negroes,  so  was  it  a  political  neces¬ 
sity  in  the  State  of  Kansas  to  enfranchise  the  women,  because  they  needed  a 
new  balance  of  power  to  help  them  elect  and  re-elect  officers  who  would 
gjiforcg  the  law.  Wffiere  else  could  they  go  to  get  that  balance  ?  Every 
man  in  the  State,  native  and  foreign,  drunk  and  sober,  outside  of  the  peni¬ 
tentiary,  the  idiot  and  lunatic  asylums,  already  had  the  right  to  vote.  They 
had  nobody  left  but  the  women.  As  a  last  resort  the  Republicans,  by  a 
straight  party  vote,  extended  municipal  suffrage  to  women. 

This  political  power  was  put  into  the  hands  of  the  women  of  this  State  by 
the  old  Republican  party  with  its  magnificent  majorities— 82,000,  you  remem¬ 
ber,  the  last  time  you  bragged.  It  was  before  you  had  the  quarrel  and 


1018 


APPENDIX. 


division  in  the  family ;  it  was  by  that  grand  old  party,  solid  as  it  was  in  those 
bygone  days ! 

Last  year,  and  two  years  ago,  after  the  People’s  party  was  organized,  when 
their  State  convention  was  held,  and  also  when  the  Republican  convention 
was  held,  each  put  a  plank  in  its  platform  declaring  that  the  time  had  come 
for  the  submission  of  a  proposition  for  full  suffrage  to  women.  What  then 
could  the  women  infer  but  that  such  action  meant  political  help  in  carrying 
this  amendment  ?  If  I  had  not  believed  this  I  never  would  have  come  to 
the  State  and  given  my  voice  in  twenty-five  or  thirty  political  meetings, 
reminding  the  Republicans  what  a  grand  and  glorious  record  they  had  made, 
not  only  in  the  enfranchisement  of  the  black  men  but  in  furnishing  all  the 
votes  on  the  floor  of  Congress  ever  given  for  women’s  enfranchisement  there, 
and  in  extending  municipal  suffrage  to  the  women  of  Kansas.  I  have  vowed, 
from  the  time  I  began  to  see  that  woman  suffrage  could  be  carried  only 
through  party  help,  that  I  never  would  lend  my  influence  to  either  of  the  two 
dominant  parties  that  did  not  have  a  woman  suffrage  plank  in  its  platform. 

I  consider,  by  every  pledge  of  the  past,  by  the  passage  of  the  resolution 
through  the  legislature  when  the  representatives  of  the  two  parties,  the 
People’s  and  Republican,  vied  with  each  other  to  see  who  would  give  the 
largest  majority,  that  both  promised  to  make  this  a  party  measure  and  I 
speak  tonight  to  the  two  parties  as  the  old  Republican  party.  You  are  not 
the  same  men  altogether,  but  you  are  the  descendants,  the  children,  of  that 
party ;  and  I  am  here  tonight,  and  have  come  all  the  way  from  my  home,  to 
beg  you  to  stand  by  the  principles  which  have  made  you  great  and  strong,  and 
to  finish  the  work  you  have  so  nobly  begun. 

The  Republicans  are  to  have  their  State  convention  the  6th  of  June.  I 
shall  be  ashamed  if  the  telegraph  wires  flash  the  word  over  the  country,  “  No 
pledge  for  the  amendment,”  as  was  flashed  from  the  Republican  League  the 
other  day.  Should  this  happen,  as  I  have  heard  intimated,  and  there  is  a 
woman  in  the  State  of  Kansas  who  has  any  affiliation  with  the  Republican 
party,  any  sympathy  with  it,  wrho  will  float  its  banner  after  it  shall  have  thus 
failed  to  redeem  its  pledge,  I  will  disown  her;  she  is  not  one  of  my  sort. 

The  Populist  convention  is  to  be  held  the  12th  of  June.  If  it  should  shirk  its 
responsibility,  and  not  put  a  strong  suffrage  plank  in  its  platform,  pledging 
itself  to  use  all  its  educational  powers  and  all  its  party  machinery  to  carry 
the  amendment,  then  I  shall  have  no  respect  for  any  woman  who  will  speak 
or  work  for  its  success. 

The  Democrats  have  declared  their  purpose.  They  are  going  to  fight  us. 
What  does  the  good  Book  say?  “He  that  is  not  for  me  is  against  me.”  We 
know  where  the  Democratic  party  is,  it  is  against  us.  If  the  Republican  and 
People’s  parties  say  nothing  for  us,  they  say  and  do  everything  against  us. 
No  plank  will  be  equivalent  to  saying  to  every  woman  suffrage  Republican 
and  Populist  speaker,  “  You  must  not  advocate  this  amendment,  for  to  do  so 
will  lose  us  the  whisky  vote,  it  will  lose  us  the  foreign  vote.”  Hence,  no 
plank  means  no  word  for  us,  and  no  word  for  us  means  no  vote  for  us.  But 
while  no  word  can  be  spoken  in  favor,  every  campaign  orator,  as  in  1867,  is 
free  to  speak  in  opposition. 

Men  of  the  Republican  party,  it  comes  your  time  first  to  choose  whom  you 


APPENDIX. 


1019 


will  have  for  your  future  constituents,  to  make  up  the  bone  and  sinew  of  your 
party ;  whether  you  will  have  the  most  ignorant  foreigners,  just  landed  on 
our  shores,  who  have  not  learned  a  single  principle  of  free  government— or 
the  women  of  your  own  households ;  whether  you  will  lose  to-day  a  few  votes 
of  the  high  license  or  the  low  license  Republicans,  foreign  or  native,  black 
or  white,  as  the  case  may  be,  and  gain  to  yourselves  hereafter  the  votes  of 
the  women  of  the  State.  These  are  the  alternatives.  It  has  been  stated  that 
you  can  not  have  a  suffrage  plank  in  the  Republican  platform  in  Saline 
county  because  it  would  lose  the  votes  of  the  Scandinavians.  Will  those 
1,000  Scandinavian  men  be  of  more  value  to  the  Republicans  than  will  be  the 
votes  of  their  own  wives,  mothers,  daughters  and  sisters  in  all  the  years  to 

come? 

The  crucial  moment  is  upon  you  now,  and  I  say  unto  you,  men  of  both 
parties,  you  will  have  driven  the  last  nail  in  the  coffin  of  this  amendment 
and  banished  all  hope  of  carrying  it  at  the  ballot-box  if  you  do  not  incor¬ 
porate  woman  suffrage  in  your  platforms.  I  know  what  the  party  managers 
will  say,  I  have  talked  with  and  heard  from  many  of  them.  I  read  Mr.  Mor¬ 
rill’s  statement  that  “  this  question  should  go  to  the  ballot-box  on  its  merits 
and  should  not  be  spoken  of  in  the  political  meetings  or  made  a  party 

measure.”  .  .  .  .  • 

The  masses  are  rooted  and  grounded  in  the  old  beliefs  m  the  inferiority 

and  subjection  of  women,  and  consider  them  born  merely  to  help  man  carry 
out  his  plans  and  not  to  have  any  of  their  own.  Now,  friends,  because  this 
is  true,  because  no  man  believes  in  political  equality  for  woman,  except  he  is 
educated  out  of  every  bigotry,  every  prejudice  and  every  usage  that  he  was 
born  into,  in  the  family,  in  the  church  and  in  the  state,  so  there  can  be  no 
hope  of  the  rank  and  file  of  men  voting  for  this  amendment,  until  they  are 
taught  the  principles  of  justice  and  right ;  and  there  is  no  possibility  that 
these  men  can  be  reached,  can  be  educated,  through  any  other  instrumen¬ 
tality  than  that  of  the  campaign  meetings  and  campaign  papers  of  the  politi¬ 
cal  parties.  Therefore,  when  you  say  this  is  not  to  be  a  political  question, 
not  to  be  in  your  platform,  not  to  be  discussed  in  your  meetings,  not  to  be 
advocated  in  your  papers,  you  make  it  impossible  for  its  merits  to  be  brought 

before  the  voters.  . 

Who  are  the  men  that  come  to  our  women’s  meetings?  We  nave  ]ust  fimsned 

the  tour  of  the  sixty  counties  in  the  State  of  New  York.  We  had  magnificent 
gatherings,  composed  of  people  from  the  farthest  townships  in  the  county, 
and  in  many  of  them  from  every  township,  with  the  largest  opera  houses 
packed  hundreds  going  away  who  could  not  get  in.  Our  audiences  have 
been  five-sixths  women,  and  the  one  man  out  of  the  six,  who  was  he?  A 
man  who  already  believed  there  was  but  one  means  of  salvation  for  the  race 
or  the  country,  and  that  was  through  the  political  equality  of  women,  mak¬ 
ing  them  the  peers  of  men  in  every  department  of  life.  How  are  we  going  to 
reach  the  other  five-sixths  of  the  men  who  never  come  to  women’s  meetings? 
There  is  no  way  except  through  the  political  rallies  which  are  attended  by  all 
men.  Now  if  you  shut  out  of  these  the  discussion  of  this  question,  then  I  say 
the  fate  of  this  amendment  is  sealed. 

Even  if  it  were  possible  to  reach  the  men  through  separate  meetings,  the 


1020 


APPENDIX. 


women  of  Kansas  can  not  carry  on  a  fall  campaign.  They  can  not  get  the 
money  to  do  it  unless  you  men  furnish  it.  Our  eastern  friends  have  already 
contributed  to  the  extent  of  their  ability  to  hold  these  spring  meetings,  and 
you  very  well  know  that  after  the  husbands  shall  have  paid  their  party  assess¬ 
ments  there  will  be  nothing  left  for  them  to  “  give  to  their  wives  ”  to  defray 
the  expenses  of  a  woman  suffrage  campaign.  Therefore,  no  discussion  in  the 
regular  political  meetings  means  no  discussion  anywhere.  But  suppose  there 
were  plenty  of  money,  and  there  could  be  a  most  thorough  fall  campaign, 
what  then  ?  Why,  the  same  old  story  of  “women  talking  to  women,”  not 
one  of  whom  can  vote  on  the  question. 

Again,  with  what  decency  can  either  of  the  parties  ask  women  to  come  to 
their  political  meetings  to  expound  Populist  or  Republican  doctrines  after 
they  have  set  their  heels  on  the  amendment?  Do  you  not  see  that  if  it  will 
lose  votes  to  the  parties  to  have  the  plank,  it  will  lose  votes  to  allow  women 
to  advocate  the  amendment  on  their  platforms  ?  And  what  a  spectacle  it 
would  be  to  see  women  pleading  with  men  to  vote  for  the  one  or  the  other 
party,  while  their  tongues  were  tied  on  the  question  of  their  own  right  to 
vote !  Heaven  and  the  Republican  and  Populist  State  Conventions  spare  us 
such  a  dire  humiliation  ! 

But  should  the  Republicans  refuse  to  insert  the  plank  on  June  6  and  the 
Populists  put  a  good  solid  one  in  their  platform  on  June  12,  what  then?  Do 
you  suppose  all  the  women  in  the  State  would  shout  for  the  Republicans  and 
against  the  Populists  ?  Would  they  pack  the  Republican  meetings,  where  no 
word  could  be  spoken  for  their  liberty,  and  leave  the  benches  empty  in  the 
Populist  meetings  where  at  every  one  hearty  appeals  were  made  to  vote  for 
woman’s  enfranchisement  ?  My  dear  friends,  woman  surely  will  be  able  to 
see  that  her  highest  interest,  her  liberty,  her  right  to  a  voice  in  government, 
is  the  great  issue  of  this  campaign,  and  overtops,  outweighs,  all  material 
questions  which  are  now  pending  between  the  parties. 

I  know  you  think  your  Kansas  men  are  going  to  vote  on  this  amendment 
independently  of  party  endorsement.  You  are  no  more  sanguine  today  than 
were  the  men  and  women,  myself  included,  in  1867,  that  those  Free  State 
men,  who  had  given  up  every  comfort  which  human  beings  prize  for  the  sake 
of  liberty,  who  had  fought  not  only  through  the  border  ruffian  warfare  but 
through  the  four  years  of  the  rebellion,  would  vote  freedom  to  the  heroic 
women  of  Kansas.  Where  would  you  ever  expect  to  find  a  majority  ffiore 
ready  to  grant  to  women  equal  rights  than  among  those  old  Free  State  men  ? 
You  have  not  as  glorious  a  generation  of  men  in  Kansas  today  as  you  had  in 
1867.  I  do  not  wish  to  speak  disparagingly,  but  in  the  nature  of  things  there 
can  not  be  another  race  of  men  as  brave  as  those.  If  you  had  told  me  then 
that  a  majority  of  those  men  would  have  gone  to  the  ballot-box  and  voted 
against  equal  rights  for  women,  I  should  have  defended  them  with  all  my 
power;  but  they  did  it,  two  to  one. 

Do  you  mean  to  repeat  the  experiment  of  1867  ?  If  so,  do  not  put  a  plank 
in  your  platform ;  just  have  a  “  still  hunt.”  Think  of  a  “  still  hunt  ”  when  it 
must  be  necessarily  a  work  of  education !  My  friends,  I  know  enough  of  this 
State,  to  feel  that  it  is  worth  .saving.  I  have  given  more  time  and  money 
and  effort  to  Kansas  than  to  any  other  State  in  the  Union,  because  I  wanted 

r- 


APPENDIX. 


1021 


it  to  be  the  first  to  make  its  women  free.  "Women  of  Kansas,  all  is  lost  if  yon 
sit  down  and  supinely  listen  to  politicians  and  candidates.  Both  reckon  what 
they  will  lose  or  what  they  will  gain.  They  study  expediency  rather  than 
principle.  I  appeal  to  you,  men  and  women,  make  the  demand  imperative: 
“The  amendment  must  be  endorsed  by  the  parties  and  advocated  on  the 
platform  and  in  the  press.’ ’  Let  me  propose  a  resolution: 

Whereas,  From  the  standpoint  of  justice,  political  expediency  and  grateful  appreciation 
of  their  wise  and  practical  use  of  school  suffrage  from  the  organization  of  the  State,  and  of 
municipal  suffrage  for  the  past  eight  years,  we,  Republicans  and  Populists,  descendants  of 
that  grand  old  party  of  splendid  majorities  which  extended  these  rights  to  the  women  of 
Kansas,  in  mass  meeting  assembled  do  hereby 

Resolve ,  That  we  urgently  request  our  delegates  in  their  approaching  State  conventions  to 
endorse  the  woman  suffrage  amendment  in  their  respective  platforms. 

[The  resolution  was  adopted  by  a  unanimous  voted 

That  vote  fills  my  soul  with  joy  and  hope.  Now  I  want  to  say  to  you,  my 
good  friends,  I  never  would  have  made  a  1,500  mile  journey  hither  to  appeal 
to  the  thinking,  justice-loving  men  of  Kansas.  They  already  are  converted, 
but  they  are  a  minority.  We  have  to  consider  those  whose  votes  can  be  ob¬ 
tained  only  by  that  party  influence  and  machinery  which  politicians  alone 
know  how  to  use.  This  hearty  response  is  a  pledge  that  you  will  demand  of 
your  State  conventions  that  the  full  power  of  this  political  machinery  shall  be 
used  to  carry  the  woman  suffrage  amendment  to  victory. 


* 


index; 


Aaron,  Rabbi,  addresses  suff.  con.,  762. 

Abbe,  Mrs.  Robt.,  petit,  forworn,  suff.,  764. 

Abbott,  Rev.  Lyman,  opp.  worn,  suff.,  766. 

Abbott,  Mrs.  Lyman,  remonstrant  agnst. 
worn,  suff.,  766. 

Adams,  Abigail,  demands  ballot,  475. 

Albro,  Attilia,  71. 

Alcott,  A.  Bronson,  approves  wom.suff.,  251 ; 
at  A.’s  lect.  in  Chicago,  468;  sends  A. 
compli.  ticket  to  Concord  School  Philos., 
510;  spks.  at  suff.  con.,  533;  563;  death,  645. 

Alcott,  Louisa  May,  645. 

Aldridge,  Geo.  W.,  orders  A.’s  face  carved 
in  Capitol  at  Albany,  949. 

Alford,  Mr.,  signs  minority  res.  for  worn, 
suff.,  873. 

Allen,  Mr.  and  Mrs.,  404. 

Allen,  Ethan,  4. 

Allen,  John  B.,  Sen.,  introd.  suff.  res.,  718. 

Almy,  Martha  R.,  work  for  worn.  suff. 
amend.,  760. 

Ames,  Blanche  Butler,  381. 

Ames,  Rev.  Charles  G.,  394;  welcomes  suff. 
con.  Phil.,  541;  547. 

Ames,  Mrs.  Chas.  G.,  394. 

Ames,  Oakes,  endorses  suffrage,  284. 

Ames,  Sarah  Fisher,  342. 

Anderson,  Mary,  733. 

Anderson,  President  M.  B.,  tribute  to  A., 
471 ;  558. 

Anderson,  Naomi,  spks.  for  worn,  suff.,  875. 

Andrews,  Stephen  Pearl,  res.  at  con.,  384. 

Angle,  James  L.,  favors  legal  rights  for 
women,  110. 

Anneke,  Mme.  Mathilde,  first  appearance 
in  suff.  work,  103;  327  ;  446. 

Anthony,  Albert,  940. 

Anthony,  Ancestors,  William,  Derrick, 
Francis,  John,  John,  Jr.,  Abraham,  Will¬ 
iam,  William,  Jr.,  David,  3. 

Anthony,  Anna  O.,  552. 

Anthony,  Charles,  71. 

Anthony,  D.,  father  of  Susan  B.,  born,  4 ;  sent 
to  “Nine  Partners’  ”  school,  testimonials,  8 ; 
teaches  home  school,  9;  falls  in  love,  10; 
marries,  Quakers  forgive,  wedding  trip, 


builds  home  and  cotton  factory,  11 ;  re¬ 
moves  to  Battenville,  N.  Y.,  17 ;  refuses  to 
sell  liquor  or  allow  employes  to  use  it,  18 ; 
looks  after  welfare  of  employes,  19 ;  criti¬ 
cised  by  Quakers  for  dress,  20;  liberal 
family  discipline,  21;  objects  to  music,  23; 
wealth,  24;  advises  daughters  to  teach,  24; 
postmaster,  25;  letters  on  financ.  panic, 
VanBuren,  Wash.,  New  York,  agony  over 
business  failure,  33;  removes  to  Hard¬ 
scrabble  (Center  Falls),  strug.  for  existence, 
35 ;  allows  dancing  school  to  meet  in  his 
house,  36 ;  turned  out  of  Quaker  Soc.,  grows 
more  liberal,  refuses  to  pay  taxes,  sup¬ 
ports  the  Union,  37  ;  cuts  timber  in  moun¬ 
tains,  wife  stays  with  him,  goes  to  Vir¬ 
ginia,  Mich.,  N.  Y.,  looking  for  new  loca¬ 
tion,  buys  farm  near  Rock.,  45;  arrives  in 
Roch.,  takes  family  out  to  farm,  house  put 
in  order,  47 ;  neighbors,  abolition  meet., 
Sunday  morning  work,  farm  work,  goes 
into  N.  Y.  Life  Ins.  Co.,  48;  did  not  vote 
till  1860,  61 ;  signs  call  for  worn.  temp,  con., 
67  ;  on  woman’s  need  of  ballot,  85 ;  advises 
A.  to  preserve  press  notices,  125 ;  sustains 
A.  in  defending  wronged  mother,  204 ;  death, 
love  of  family,  character,  223 ;  belonged  to 
Henry  Clay  sch.  of  protect.,  793;  site  of  old 
mill,  947. 

Anthony,  D.  R.,  born,  12 ;  clerking  at  Lenox, 
46 ;  makes  first  speech,  121 ;  letters  from 
Kan.  in  1857,  157 ;  elect,  mayor  Leav.,  231 ; 
marriage,  235 ;  on  plat,  at  G.  F.  Train’s  sp. 
in  Leav.,  287 ;  praises  Train,  290;  offers  to 
assist  Revolution,  but  urges  A.  to  provide 
for  own  future,  355 ;  shot,  470 ;  strug.  for  life, 
471 ;  gives  A.  R.  R.  passes,  492 ;  schoolmate 
Pres.  Arthur,  538;  farewell  tele,  to  A.  on 
depart,  for  Europe,  548 ;  loses  children,  nom¬ 
inated  for  mayor,  649 ;  defeat,  650 ;  672 ;  pres¬ 
ent  to  A.,  707 ;  711 ;  demands  worn.  suff.  pi. 
in  Kan.  Rep.  plat.,  786;  furnishes  passes  to 
A.  30yrs.,  796;  at  Berk.  Hist,  meet.,  grand¬ 
mother  stopped  cotton  looms  by  rinsing 
mop,  944;  Anthony  reunion,  946;  to  A.  on 
50th  birthday,  974. 


*  Lists  of  names  not  included  in  index  will  be  found  in  footnotes  on  pp.  284,  327,  353, 
566,  590,  621,  772. 

(1023) 


1024 


INDEX. 


Anthony,  Mrs.  D.  R.,  649;  711. 

Anthony,  D.  R.,  Jr.,  describes  A.  in  Ann  Ar¬ 
bor,  658 ;  A.  sends  tele,  on  wed.  day,  923. 
Anthony,  Eliza  Tefft,  12 ;  23. 

Anthony,  Guelma  (see  McLean). 

Anthony,  Hannah,  1st  (see  Hoxie). 
Anthony,  Hannah,  2d  (see  Mosher). 
Anthony,  Hannah  Lapham,  4 ;  religion, 
dowry,  dress,  6;  domestic  qualities,  7. 
Anthony,  Senator  Henry  B.,  reports  in  fa¬ 
vor  worn,  suff.,  543;  reports  in  favor  worn, 
suff.,  590;  591 ;  praises  Hist.  Worn.  Suff.,  614. 
Anthony,  Humphrey,  business  ambition,  4 ; 
objects  to  brother’s  taking  father  away,  7 ; 
thinks  higher  education  unnecessary,  8 ;  at 
A.’s  lecture,  129. 

Anthony,  J.  Merritt,  born,  12;  A.  advises 
shd.  have  own  money,  133 ;  fights  at  Osawa- 
tomie,  144;  nurses  brother,  471;  Anthony 
reunion,  946. 

Anthony,  Judith  Hicks,  3. 

Anthony,  Lottie  B.,  registers  and  votes,  424. 
Anthony,  Lucy  E.,  childhood,  214;  lives  in 
home  of  A.,  513 ;  552 ;  659 ;  present  to  A.,  812 ; 
Miss  Shaw’s  sec.,  arranges  county  cons, 
in  Calif,  campn.,  863;  successful  results, 
864 ;  at  worn.  suff.  headqrs.,  875 ;  916. 
Anthony,  Lucy  Read,  mother  of  Susan  B., 
born,  4;  early  training,  6;  playmate  and 
pupil  of  Daniel  Anthony,  9;  hesitates  to 
marry  Quaker,  fond  of  music,  learns  to 
love  Friends’  religion,  10;  birth  of  children, 
life’s  realities,  modesty,  12 ;  entertains 
Quaker  preachers,  boards  employes,  19; 
shut  out  of  Quaker  business  meet.,  20 ;  cares 
for  father  and  mother,  23 ;  grief  at  losing 
child,  parents  and  home,  35;  sorrow  over 
sale  of  farm  home,  231 ;  lends  A.  money  for 
Rev.,  355;  death,  512;  characteristics,  513 : 
old  spin,  wheel  and  wed.  furniture,  934 ; 
site  of  childhood  home,  948. 

Anthony,  Mary  Luther,  122. 

Anthony,  Mary  S.,  born,  12 ;  attends  first  W. 
R.  Con.,  59;  let.  on  raspberry  experiment, 
159;  stands  for  worn,  rights  in  schools,  191, 
192;  lends  A.  money  for  Revolution,  355; 
helps  on  paper,  urges  A.  to  abandon  it,  356 ; 
upholds  A.  in  defending  Laura  D.  Fair,  392 ; 
registers  and  votes,  424;  tends  mother, 
459;  educates  nieces,  513;  devotion  to 
mother  and  sister,  517 ;  sees  A.  start  for 
Europe,  550;  let.  from  A.  562;  only  one 
left,  623;  672;  stays  with  Mrs.  Avery,  678; 
realized  A.’s  age,  696;  prep,  home  for  self 
and  A.,  706;  Roch.  Pol.  Eq.  Club  present 
desk,  707 ;  com.  of  ways  and  means  in  new 
home,  711 ;  work  for  worn.  suff.  amend,  in 
N.  Y.  campn.,  declines  salary,  760;  can¬ 
vasses,  Roch.,  entertains  speak.,  761 ;  812 ; 
urges  A.  to  stand  by  her  post,  855 ;  opposes 


res.  agnst.  Worn.  Bible,  854;  896;  goes  to 
Des  Moines  con.  901 ;  70th  birthday,  914 ; 
acct.  Roch.  Herald,  suff.  pioneer,  teacher, 
pres.  Pol.  Equal.  Club,  helper  to  sister, 
Chron.  description  recep.,  915;  presents, 
trib.  Rev.  W.  C.  Gannett,  916;  financial  re- 
spons.  of  household,  933  ;  934 ;  935  ;  Anthony 
reunion,  946 ;  let.  to  A.  on  50th  birthday,  976. 
Anthony,  Maude,  552;  trip  with  A.,  653. 
Anthony,  Sarah  (see  Burtis). 

Anthony,  Major  Scott,  247. 

Anthony,  Susan  B.,  born,  12;  precocity,  13; 
childish  recollections,  14 ;  works  two  weeks 
in  father’s  factory,  20;  attacked  by  dog, 
21 ;  early  schooling,  fine  needlework,  22  ; 
teaches  home  school,  23;  teaches  at  Easton 
and  Reid’s  Corners,  goes  to  boarding- 
school,  24 ;  stilted  literary  style,  25 ;  board¬ 
ing-school  lets.,  25,  26,  27;  extracts  from 
diary,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31;  leaves  school, 
teaches  in  Union  Village,  sorrow  at  leav¬ 
ing  home,  34 ;  last  schooldays,  35 ;  house¬ 
work,  criticises  worldly  dress,  36;  trip 
by  boat,  37 ;  shocked  at  slavery  discus¬ 
sion,  enjoys  debate  on  religion,  beaux, 
dreams  of  marriage,  objects  to  poem 
on  love,  dislikes  bachelors,  38 ;  girls  mar¬ 
ry  lunatics,  teaches  in  boarding-school 
at  New  Rochelle,  tells  of  severe  medical 
methods,  defends  colored  people,  objects 
to  their  treatment  by  Friends,  39;  likes 
women  preachers,  criticises  uncle  for  drink¬ 
ing,  describes  medical  practice,  40;  criti¬ 
cises  reception  to  Pres.  Van  Buren  and 
scores  him,  41 ;  silkworm  culture,  remem¬ 
brances  to  family,  42 ;  school  closes,  small 
wages,  school  “  bully,”  excursions  of  olden 
times,  first  proposal,  studies  algebra,  can 
make  biscuits  also,  43;  teaches  in  Cam¬ 
bridge  and  Ft.  Edward,  let.  to  mother, 
Whig  con.,  first  knowledge  of  Unitarianism, 
44;  lends  wages  to  father,  sees  injustice  to 
worn,  teachers,  45 ;  second  proposal  of  mar¬ 
riage,  removes  to  Rochester,  46 ;  teaches  at 
Canajoharie,  49;  love  of  dress,  beaux,  first 
quarterly  examination,  costume,  great  suc¬ 
cess,  50;  visits  sisters  at  Easton,  fashion¬ 
able  career,  another  “exhibition,”  first  cir¬ 
cus,  last  dance,  liquor  controls  election, 
tired  of  teaching,  51 ;  fine  clothes,  Marga¬ 
ret  s  headache,  illness,  death,  A.’s  discour¬ 
agement,  longs  to  go  to  California,  52 ;  sec. 
Daughters  of  Temp.,  opposed  by  women, 
describes  temp,  supper,  first  public  address, 
53 ;  returns  home,  revels  in  peaches,  takes 
charge  of  farm,  supply  teacher,  leaves 
schoolroom  forever,  55 ;  reasons  for  adopting 
public  life,  57  ;  friendship  of  May  and  Chan¬ 
ging,  58 ;  calls  on  F.  Douglass,  59 ;  not  quite 
in  favor  of  worn,  suff.,  61 ;  manages  temp. 


INDEX. 


1025 


festival,  offers  toasts,  62 ;  meets  S.  S.  and  A. 
K.  Fester,  63;  first  meets  H.  Greeley,  G. 
Thompson,  Mrs.  Stn.,  L.  Stone,  Mrs.  Bloom¬ 
er,  64;  snubbed  at  men’s  temp.  meet,  at 
Albany,  arranges  one  for  women,  65 ;  calls 
first  Woman’s  State  Temp.  Con.,  66 ;  opens 
con.  in  Rochester,  elected  sec.,  67;  ap¬ 
pointed  State  temp,  agent,  68 ;  delegate  to 
Syracuse  Temp.  Con.,  69;  tries  to  speak 
but  silenced,  sees  work  for  women,  70; 
appeals  to  mothers  and  declares  for  worn, 
suff.,  71;  resolves  to  attend  State  Teach¬ 
ers’  Con.,  objects  to  decollete  dress,  sec. 
Syracuse  W.  R.  Con.,  72;  urges  women  to 
speak  louder,  75 ;  shows  up  young  minis¬ 
ters,  76 ;  fine  voice,  77 ;  convinced  of  great 
need  of  worn,  suff.,  losing  interest  in  temp, 
work,  arranges  hearing  before  N.  Y.  legis., 
81 ;  presides  over  temp.  meet,  in  Albany,  82: 
resolves  to  make  woman’s  name  on  petition 
equal  to  man’s,  speaks  in  New  York  and 
Brooklyn  on  temp,  and  makes  tour  of  State, 
attack  of  Utica  Telegraph,  83 ;  delegate  to 
Brick  Church  temp,  meet.,  87;  refused 
place  on  business  com.,  88;  presides  at  W. 
R.  meet,  in  Broadway  Tabernacle,  89;  at¬ 
tack  of  N.  Y.  Commercial-Advertiser,  90; 
approves  men  as  members  of  temp,  soc., 
learns  mistake,  refuses  to  serve  as  sec., 
leaves  soc.,  95 ;  never  again  member  of  temp, 
soc.,  works  up  Whole  World’s  Temp.  Con., 
urges  L.  Stone  to  assist,  96 ;  demands 
woman’s  right  to  speak  at  teachers’  cons., 
grief  at  indifference  of  worn,  teachers,  98 ; 
first  speech  at  teachers’  con.,  insulted  by 
women,  99;  women  find  their  voices,  pro¬ 
poses  to  invite  Hugo  and  H.  Martineau  to 
temp,  con.,  100;  vows  women  shall  have 
right  to  speak  in  public,  shows  difference 
between  men’s  and  women’s  wages,  102; 
at  Cleveland  W.  R.  Con.,  temp,  addresses 
in  southern  N.  Y.,  103 ;  women’s  need  of  pe¬ 
cuniary  independence,  104 ;  arranges  State 
Suff.  Con.  at  Albany,  105;  development, 
consecration  of  life  to  freedom  of  women, 
107 ;  carrying  petitions,  snubbed  by  women, 
insulted  by  minister,  prints  and  circulates 
Mrs.  Stn.’s  address  before  legis.,  108;  ad. 
legis.  com.  at  Albany  on  legal,  civil  and 
polit.  rights  of  women,  109;  named  “  Na¬ 
poleon”  by  Channing,  appointed  gen. 
agent  for  N.  Y.,  no  funds  provided,  110; 
canvasses  State  for  W.  R.,  uses  own  money, 
great  moral  and  physical  courage,  111; 
adopts  Bloomer  costume,  113;  martyrdom, 
of  wearing  it,  doubts  as  to  good  results, 
116;  states  objections  to  Bloomers  or  any 
conspicuous  dress,  117 ;  spks.  in  Washing¬ 
ton  for  first  time,  goes  to  Alexandria  and 
Baltimore,  criticises  shiftless  management 
Ant. — 65 


and  effect  of  slavery  on  labor,  118 ;  debates 
existence  after  death,  treatment  by  minis¬ 
ters,  119;  teachers  con.  at  Oswego,  de¬ 
mands  women  shall  hold  office  in  assn, 
and  position  of  principal,  compli.  by  pa¬ 
pers,  all  speakers  disappoint  her  at  Sara¬ 
toga  con.,  no  faith  in  own  powers,  120; 
purse  stolen,  attends  anti-Neb.  con.  at  Sar¬ 
atoga,  Methodist  trustees  at  Canajoharie  re¬ 
fuse  church,  121 ;  guest  with  Garrison  at  Lu- 
cretia  Mott’s,  Greeley  refuses  to  take  money, 
Phillips  lends  $50,  she  starts  out  alone 
to  canvass  N.  Y.,  122;  at  Mayville,  Sher¬ 
man,  123 ;  posters  amuse  people,  smart  edi¬ 
tors  refer  to  Mark  Antony,  Rondout  Cour¬ 
ier  compliments,  124;  begins  scrap-books 
by  father’s  advice,  at  Olean,  Angelica,  Cor¬ 
ning,  Elmira,  T.  K.  Beecher’s  theology,  pre¬ 
sents  petitions  to  N.  Y.  legis.,  125 ;  proposal 
of  marriage,  Scliroon  Lake  country,  tries 
“water  cure”  for  injured  foot,  126;  re¬ 
sults  at  Riverhead,  127 ;  women  afraid  to 
come  to  lecture,  ends  campn.  and  returns 
Phillips’  money  but  he  refuses  it,  husbands 
eat  warm  meals,  wives  cold  ones,  regrets 
marriages  of  L.  Stone  and  A.  Brown,  128 ; 
thinks  women  soon  will  have  their  rights, 
grandfather  sits  on  her  platform  at  Adams, 
she  throws  away  medicine,  129;  arranges 
con.  at  Saratoga,  appointed  at  Utica  State 
Teachers’  Con.  to  read  paper  on  co-educa¬ 
tion,  130;  goes  to  Worcester  Hydropathic 
Institute,  let.  describing  Mass.  W.  R.  Con., 
social  courtesies,  distinguished  people 
met,  131 ;  visits  baby  show,  thinks  Apoc¬ 
rypha  inspired,  132;  hears  Hale,  Wilson, 
Sumner,  Burlingame,  longs  to  join  Gar- 
risonians,  urges  young  brother  be  given  his 
own  money,  133;  woman  must  stand  or  fall 
by  own  strength,  sends  sister  Mary  to 
Cincinnati  W.  R.  Con.  in  her  place,  de¬ 
scribes  new  bonnet,  future  wives  will  have 
time  for  culture,  treatment  at  water  cure, 
134;  reads  and  enjoys  herself,  135;  takes 
out  life  insurance,  136 ;  invited  by  Am.  A.  S. 
Soc.  to  act  as  agent,  137 ;  second  canvass  of 
N.Y.,  lets,  describing  hardships,  snowdrifts, 
hard  life  of  wives,  138 ;  they  do  work,  hus¬ 
bands  rec.  money,  asks  release  from  A.  S. 
Com.,  139;  begs  Mrs.  Wright  to  speak,  fin¬ 
ishes  meetings  alone,  labors  for  wage-earn¬ 
ing  women,  entertains  Garrison,  presents 
petit,  to  N.  Y.  legis.,  140;  shows  wife  she 
fails  to  appreciate  husband,  141 ;  trying 
to  prepare  paper  on  co-education,  142 ;  holds 
meet,  alone  at  Saratoga,  143 ;  let.  to  broth¬ 
er  on  raid  at  Osawatomie,  144 ;  renews  en¬ 
gagement  with  A.  S.  Com.,  given  control  of 
N.  Y.,  148;  begins  Garrisonian  meet.,  149; 
disheartening  experiences  as  manager,  150 ; 


1026 


INDEX. 


economies  in  dress,  sympathetic  lets.,  no 
faith  in  own  power  as  speaker,  151 ;  de¬ 
scribes  Remond’s  speech,  152;  abandons 
written  addresses,  notes  of  speeches,  153; 
spks.  in  Me.,  newspaper  comment,  154; 
res.  in  favor  of  colored  pupils  and  of  co¬ 
education,  State  Teachers  Con.  in  Bing¬ 
hamton,  155;  defended  by  Republican,  156; 
resumes  A.  S.  meet.,  157 ;  on  soul-commun¬ 
ing,  longing  for  sympathy,  158;  rasp¬ 
berry  experiment,  159;  out-door  life  for 
women,  “good  old  days,”  160;  “health 
food  cranks,”  glad  to  reach  home,  161 ; 
on  com.  to  arrange  A.  S.  Annivers.  and 
W.  R.  Con.,  no  one  else  for  common  work, 
on  large  families,  162 ;  unterrified  by  mob, 
rebukes  teachers  at  Loclcport  con.,  163; 
demands  equal  pay  for  women,  not  fright¬ 
ened  by  fogies,  164;  calls  meet,  to  op¬ 
pose  capital  punishment,  hissed  by  mob, 
trustee  of  Jackson  fund,  165;  desire  for 
Free  church,  167 ;  persists  in  lecture  courses 
for  Rochester,  shrinks  from  active  work, 
feels  spiritual  loneliness,  168;  exhorts 
women  to  be  discontented,  no  freedom 
without  pecuniary  independence,  outrage 
of  denying  to  woman  right  of  self-govt., 
married  woman  sinks  individuality,  169; 
true  woman  will  have  purpose,  married 
women  can  not  be  relied  on  for  public 
work,  170;  distrusts  own  power  to  resist 
marriage,  though  it  blots  out  freedom, 
would  use  Hovey  fund  for  worn.  suff.  prop¬ 
aganda,  171;  spicy  extracts  from  diary, 
criticises  Curtis’  lecture,  172;  at  Albany 
working  for  Personal  Liberty  Bill,  member 
of  lobby,  arranges  lect.  for  Cheever,  finishes 
lect.  on  True  Woman,  love  of  gardening, 
173;  presides  over  suff.  con.  in  Mozart  Hall, 
174;  prepares  Memorial  to  legis.,  goes  to 
picnic,  escort  lacks  moral  spine,  opens  can¬ 
vass  at  Niagara  Falls,  175;  speaks  at  N.  Y. 
watering  places,  lectures  teachers  en  route 
to  Poughkeepsie,  waiter  at  hotel  refuses  to 
take  order,  176;  rebukes  young  Quaker 
preacher,  drains  millpond  too  low,  need  of 
souls  baptized  into  work,  women  keep  her  in 
suspense,  177  ;  disapproves  women’s  neglect¬ 
ing  households,  makes  canvass  alone,  care¬ 
fully  kept  expenses,  assists  Mrs.  Nichols  and 
Mrs.  Wattles  to  plan  Kan.  campn.,  178;  too 
busy  to  see  humorous  features,  ignores 
complaints,  incident  at  Gerrit  Smith’s 
when  Mrs.  Blackwell  preached,  179;  we 
dwell  in  solitude,  arranges  John  Brown 
meet.,  180;  no  one  to  assist,  181;  urged  to 
resume  A.  S.  work,  182;  speaks  to  southern¬ 
ers  at  Ft.  Wm.  Henry,  meets  Judge  Ormond 
of  Ala.,  sends  memorial  to  him  and  urges 
his  daughters  to  take  up  serious  work  in 


life,  his  two  replies,  183 ;  right  of  suff.  under¬ 
lying  principle,  185  ;  urges  Mrs.  Stn.  to  ad¬ 
dress  legis.  at  Albany,  186;  distaste  for 
writing,  power  as  critic,  joint  work  with 
Mrs.  Stn.,  caring  for  children,  187 ;  speeches 
in  appendix  her  own  work,  188 ;  gives  radical 
bill  to  legis.  com.,  189 ;  carrying  petit,  in  face 
of  insult  and  ridicule,  debt  owed  by  women, 
arranges  course  of  lectures  for  Rochester, 
190;  rec.  vote  of  thanks  at  W.  R.  Con.  in 
Cooper  Instit.,  “better  have  beenathome,” 
193 ;  marriage  one  sided  contract,  favors  di¬ 
vorce  res.,  194;  regrets  Phillips’  action,  rec. 
lets,  of  approval,  no  desire  to  dictate  plat¬ 
form,  195;  writes  Phillips  for  money,  he 
praises  her,  tilt  with  Rev.  Mayo,  196 ;  fights 
Mrs.  Stn.’s  battles,  on  the  skirmish  line, 
looks  after  “externals,”  domestic  work, 
197  ;  extracts  from  journal,  demands  equal 
pay  for  women  at  State  Teacher’s  Con., 
Syracuse,  writes  from  birthplace  of  women’s 
hard  work  there,  198;  climbs  “Greylock,” 
describes  visit  to  old  home,  receives  in¬ 
vitation  to  give  agricultural  ad.  at  Dundee 
Fair,  199;  describes  fair,  speech  contains 
modern  ideas  on  farming,  takes  up  cause  of 
wronged  mother,  200;  goes  with  mother 
and  child  to  New  York,  refused  admission 
to  hotels,  rejected  by  landlady  at  boarding¬ 
house,  201 ;  declines  to  leave  hotel,  places 
charges  with  Mrs.  Gibbons,  welcomed  home 
by  Lydia  Mott,  persecuted  by  family  of 
mother,  202 ;  defies  brothers,  203 ;  refuses  to 
yield  to  Garrison’s  and  Phillips’  requests, 
sustained  by  her  father,  204 ;  arranges  Gar¬ 
risonian  meet.,  mobbed  at  Buffalo,  208; 
hissed  at  Rochester,  will  not  give  up 
meet.,  209 ;  encounter  with  mayor  of  Utica, 
mob  at  Rome,  210;  declines  to  abandon 
meet,  at  Syracuse,  mobbed  and  burned 
in  effigy,  goes  to  Albany,  211;  agrees  to 
adjourn  meet,  there,  212;  begged  to  give 
up  W.  R.  Annivers.  because  of  war,  re¬ 
fuses,  rearing  children  a  profession,  offers 
to  care  for  Mrs.  Stn.’s,  213;  attitude  of 
Abolits.  towards  War,  214;  takes  charge  of 
farm  and  does  housework,  215;  sharp 
points  from  diary,  Douglass,  negroes 
shd.  be  enlisted,  slavery  must  be 
blotted  out,  loneliness,  opinion  of  “Adam 
Bede,”  216;  A.  S.  meet,  at  Albany, 
sends  Phillips  money  for  lecture  which  he 
returns,  sends  Tilton  check,  he  defines  her 
“sphere,”  217 ;  compelled  to  give  up  W. 
R.  Annivers.,  leaves  “Abrahamic  bosom  of 
home”  for  A.  S.  lecture  field,  visits  Adams 
and  censures  men  for  not  furnishing  kitchen 
properly,  visits  Hoosac  Tunnel,  speaks  on 
summit  of  Green  Mts.,  218;  let.  on  work  of 
E.  B.  Browning,  H.  Hosmer,  R.  Bonheur, 


INDEX 


1027 


cares  for  Mrs.  Stn.’s  boys,  visits  New  York, 
Boston,  Framingham,  at  the  Garrisons’,  219 ; 
anger  at  N.  Y.  legis.  for  repealing  laws  in 
favor  of  women,  220 ;  let.  on  private  schools, 
her  last  teachers’  con.,  results  gained, 
teachers’  debt  to  her,  221 ;  speaking  extem¬ 
poraneously  support  of  Lydia  Mott,  compli¬ 
mented  at  Mecklinburg,  honored  by  teach¬ 
er’s  con.  after  War,  death  of  father, 222; 
great  bereavement,  returns  to  work,  224 ;  dis¬ 
believes  War  will  lead  to  worn,  suff., 
continues  work  for  slave,  225;  issues  call 
for  Women’s  Loyal  League,  226;  calls 
meet,  to  order  in  Church  of  Puritans,  nom¬ 
inates  L.  Stone  for  pres.,  makes  spirited 
ad.,  criticises  Lincoln,  demands  emanci¬ 
pation,  appeals  to  women,  227 ;  no  peace 
without  worn,  suff.,  presides  at  business 
meet.,  229;  let.  urging  women  to  petit, 
for  emancipation  of  slaves,  opens  headqrs. 
in  Cooper  Instit.,  describes  Draft  Riots, 
230;  let.  on  brother  D.  R.’s  election  and 
joy  it  wd.  have  given  father,  longs  for 
mother  and  father,  regrets  sale  of  home, 
tribute  to  mother,  231 ;  efforts  to  raise 
money  for  league,  232;  goes  to  Thirtieth 
Anniversary  of  Am.  A.  S.  Soc.  at  Phila., 
pushes  petition  work  for  emancipation, 
economical  lunches,  appeals  to  Beecher, 
pays  deficit  out  of  own  pocket,  234 ;  helps 
at  brother’s  “infare,”  in  communication 
with  Sumner  and  Robt.  Dale  Owen,  235 ; 
gets  Mrs.  Stn.  to  invite  Phillips  to  speak, 
rec.  proposal  from  former  sweetheart, 
speaks  at  annivers.  of  Loyal  League, 
237 ;  Sumner  and  Wilson  acknowledge  in¬ 
debtedness,  only  old  arm-chair  as  re¬ 
minder  of  League,  humiliated  at  refusal  of 
govt,  to  recognize  women,  238 ;  attends  wed¬ 
ding  of  W.  L.  Garrison,  Jr.,  and  Ellen 
Wright,  death  of  niece  Ann  Eliza  McLean, 
sunset  at  cemetery,  faith  in  progress  in 
hereafter,  241 ;  too  apt  to  criticise  in  home 
circle,  starts  to  Kan.  to  visit  brother  D. 
R.,  detained  in  Chicago,  describes  jour¬ 
ney  West  during  war  times,  242;  enjoys 
novel  sights  in  Leavenworth,  wins  gloves 
on  wager,  the  “little  clothes,”  work  among 
colored  people,  colored  printer  in  compos¬ 
ing-room,  meets  Hiram  Revels,  243;  urged 
to  return  East  and  longs  to  do  so,  sees  mo¬ 
mentous  questions  demanding;  settlement, 
244;  protests  against  disbanding  A.  S.  Soc., 
245 ;  letter  on  division,  246 ;  trip  over  prai¬ 
ries,  among  first  to  declare  for  negro  suff., 
spks.  at  Ottumwa  on  Reconstruction,  247 ; 
unpleasant  night,  spks.  at  Leavenworth 
to  colored  people,  Repubs,  object  to  her 
mention  of  worn,  suff.,  learns  “male”  is  to 
be  put  in  Fed.  Constit.  and  starts  eastward, 


speaking  at  Atchison,  St.  Joseph,  Chilli- 
cothe  and  Macon  City,  248;  in  old  slave 
church  at  St.  Louis,  “soul-sharks,”  catches 
worn,  pickpocket,  visits  board  of  trade  in 
Chicago,  stops  at  many  places,  maps  out 
plan  of  campn.with  Mrs.  Stn.,  249;  starts 
on  thirty  years’  work,  makes  first  demand 
for  cong.  action,  250;  speaks  at  Concord, 
Mrs.  Emerson  agrees  with  her  as  do  the 
“sages  of  Concord,”  untiring  work  for  worn, 
suff.,  251 ;  many  visits,  252 ;  praise  of  N.  Y.  In¬ 
dependent,  253;  at  Boston  A.  S.  meet.,  finds 
Phillips  and  others  opposed  to  uniting  with 
W.  R.  Soc.,  believes  they  will  yield,  256; 
eloquent  demand  for  worn,  suff.,  257 ;  reads 
address  to  Congress  at  W.  R.  Annivers. 
in  Church  of  Puritans  and  offers  res.  for 
an  Equal  Rights  Assn.,  259;  speech  in  fa¬ 
vor  of  ballot  for  negro  and  woman,  260; 
indignant  at  proposal  of  Phillips  and  Til¬ 
ton  to  work  for  enfranchis.  of  negro  but 
not  of  woman,  points  out  degradation  of 
it  to  Mrs.  Stn.,  261 ;  never  influenced  by 
magnetic  speeches,  does  not  recognize  ex¬ 
pediency,  262 ;  after  her  work  for  Standard 
it  refuses  to  help  women,  much  labor 
to  arrange  E.  R.  meet,  for  Albany,  speech 
on  injustice  to  working-women,  263 ;  abused 
by  N.  Y.  World,  presides  at  Cooper  Instit. 
suff.  meet.,  264;  holds  meet,  in  western 
N.  Y.,  Repubs,  led  by  Sumner  refuse  to 
champion  worn,  suff.,  265;  at  A.  S.  meet, 
in  Phila.  begs  Phillips  to  stand  by  wom¬ 
en,  also  Stevens  chmn.  Com,  on  Recon¬ 
struction,  267;  shows  injustice  of  Stand¬ 
ard,  268;  wall  not  suffer  in  silence  negro 
placed  in  power  over  woman,  269 ;  de¬ 
serted  by  old  leaders,  270;  N.  Y.  meet,  to 
secure  representation  of  women  in  Constit. 
Con.,  Buffalo  Commercial  ridicules  A.  and 
Mrs.  Stn.,  271;  praise  from  Troy  Times,  at 
Fairfield,  N.  Y.,  scores  wife  of  principal  of 
academy,  272;  assumes  burdens  of  meet, 
and  too  tired  to  prepare  speech  and  ap¬ 
pear  at  best,  protests  to  Folger  agnst. 
bill  to  license  houses  of  ill-repute,  273; 
threatens  to  have  women  discuss  it  through¬ 
out  State,  urges  L.  Stone  to  make  canvass 
of  Kan.,  274;  275;  manhood  suff.  continua¬ 
tion  of  class  legislation,  276 ;  Memorial  to 
Cong,  asking  removal  of  all  discriminations 
of  sex  or  color,  277 ;  hearing  before  N.  Y. 
Constit.  Con.,  tilt  with  Greeley,  can  fight 
with  goosequill  as  he  did,  suff.  inalienable 
right,  278;  Rochester  people  some  time 
be  glad  to  know  her,  279;  lets,  from  G. 
W.  Curtis  and  A.  Dickinson,  snubbed  by 
Greeley  at  A.  Cary’s,  280;  solicits  advertise¬ 
ments  on  Broadway  to  raise  money  for  Kan. 
campn.,  appeals  to  Mrs.  WTright  and  other 


1028 


INDEX. 


friends,  282;  starts  for  Kan.  and  opens 
campn.,  283;  peculiar  nightly  experience, 
284 ;  complains  of  slipshod  ways,  speaks  in 
cabins,  etc.,  suff,  advocates  shd.  go  earlier 
into  new  settlements,  285 ;  negroes  oppose 
worn,  suff.,  286;  accepts  assistance  of  G.  F. 
Train,  lays  out  route  for  him,  287 ;  holds 
him  to  offer  of  help,  will  go  alone  if  neces¬ 
sary,  starts  with  Train,  lost  in  river  bot¬ 
toms,  hard  experiences,  288;  goes  before 
audience  hungry  and  tired,  hears  Gen. 
Blunt  attack  worn,  suff.,  mails  Train’s 
speeches,  289 ;  Train’s  announcement  of 
new  woman’s  paper,  290;  at  Atchison, 
crosses  ferry  to  complete  arrangements 
with  Train,  visits  polling  places  in  Leav., 
291,  praised  by  Commercial,  respect  for 
Train,  292 ;  accepts  his  offer  for  extended 
lecture  tour  with  herself  and  Mrs.  Stn., 
every  comfort  provided,  Demo,  papers  ap¬ 
prove,  293,  Bepub.  papers  censure,  old  as¬ 
sociates  repudiate  connection  with  Train, 
claims  right  to  accept  aid  from  all  sources, 
eventful  year,  294 ;  begins  The  Revolution, 
comment  of  N.  Y.  Times,  295,  praise  of  N.  Y. 
Independent,  296 ;  secures  Pres.  A.  Johnson 
and  other  distinguished  subscribers,  297; 
refuses  to  vacate  com.  room  of  E.  R.  Assn., 
dismayed  at  Train’s  departure  for  Europe, 
298;  persecuted  by  friends,  financial  anxi¬ 
ety,  299;  wanted  L.  Stone  to  edit  paper, 
founding  of  Revolution  unexpected,  300; 
lets,  from  Mrs.  Wright  and  Ellen  W.  Garri¬ 
son,  301;  office  and  editors  described  by 
Nellie  Hutchinson,  302;  at  Am.  E.  R.  Assn., 
insists  Mrs.  Stn.  shall  preside,  303 ;  H.  B. 
Blackwell  praises  work  in  Kan.,  independ¬ 
ent  com.  formed,  304 ;  attends  Demo.  mass, 
con.,  comment  of  N.  Y.  Sun,  meets  pres. 
Natl.  Labor  Union  at  Melliss’  breakfast, 
305;  attends  Nat’l  Demo.  Con.  in  Tam¬ 
many  Hall,  memorial  received  with  jeers, 
Chicago  Republican  describes  insults,  306 ; 
at  Natl.  Labor  Union  Cong,  in  New  York, 
made  chmn.  com.  on  female  labor,  worn, 
suff.  repudiated,  efforts  for  workingwomen, 
advice  to  women  typesetters,  307 ;  struggle 
to  maintain  Revolution,  308 ;  takes  up  case 
of  Hester  Vaughan,  calls  meet,  in  Cooper 
Instit.,  offers  res.  demanding  women  be 
tried  by  their  peers,  have  voice  in  laws, 
and  for  abolit.  of  capital  punishment, 
309 ;  appeals  to  Gov.  Geary,  310 ;  arranges 
first  worn.  suff.  hearing  before  Cong.  Com., 
described  by  Grace  Greenwood,  314 ;  tour  of 
western  cities,  addresses  Ill.  legis.,  in 
speech  at  Chicago  declares  she  stands  out¬ 
side  Repub.  party  but  has  laid  no  straw  in 
way  of  negro,  315;  tribute  by  Mrs.  Liver¬ 
more,  at  New  York  Press  Club  speaks  on 


“Why  don’t  women  propose?”  318;  317;  al¬ 
most  alone  in  demanding  word  “sex”  in 
Amend.  XV,  318;  climbs  seven  flights  of 
stairs  many  times  daily,  prepares  for  E.  R. 
Con.,  320;  advised  by  S.  S.  Foster  to  with¬ 
draw  from  assn.,  322;  protests  against 
Amend.  XV  and  clashes  swords  with  Doug¬ 
lass,  defended  by  Wm.  Winter,  323;  scores 
those  who  cry  “free  love,”  325;  let.  from 
Mrs.  Livermore  on  Natl.  Assn.,  327 ;  invited 
by  her  to  join  in  western  lect.  tour,  328; 
secures  testimonial  for  Mrs.  Rose,  329; 
speaks  at  Westchester,  indignant  note  to 
tax  collector,  at  Western  Worn.  Suff.  Con. 
in  Chicago,  330 ;  at  Dayton  reviews  laws  for 
married  women,  wives  object,  Herald  com¬ 
pliments,  331 ;  at  Mrs.  Davis’  meets  Mrs. 
Hooker  and  they  become  firm  friends,  332 ; 
she  arranges  con.  at  Hartford  and  begs 
A.  not  to  “flunk,”  333;  speech  at  Hartford 
con.,  description  by  Post,  praise  from  Mrs. 
Hooker ;  forgetfulness  of  self,  334 ;  Dansville 
Sanitarium,  let.  from  Dr.  Kate  Jackson,  335 ; 
Mrs.  Fremont’s  question,  337  ;  speech  before 
cong.  com.  for  Amend.  XVI,  338 ;  descriptions 
of  Hartford  Courant  and  Hearth  and  Home, 
“the  Bismarck,”  339;  trib.  of  Mary  Clem- 
mer,  nothing  can  stop  suff.  movement,  340 ; 
friends  rally  around,  invitation  to  fiftieth 
birthday  party,  N.  Y.  World  describes  occa¬ 
sion  and  A.’s  appearance,  341;  compli.  of 
press,  gifts,  lets.,  poems  by  P.  Cary,  J. 
Hooker, etc.,  342 ;  response,  can  speak  only  to 
rouse  people  to  action,  sympathetic  note  to 
mother,  luncheon  with  Cary  sisters,  disap¬ 
pointed  Mrs.  Stn.,  cd.  not  share  happiness, 
343;  entry  in  journal  on  fiftieth  birthday, 

“  If  I  were  dead,”  distrusts  power  as  orator, 
344 ;  begins  with  Lyceum  Bureau,  A.  Dickin¬ 
son’s  devotion,  at  Peoria,  Ill.,  Col.  Ingersoll 
supplements  her  speech,  debates  with  Rev. 
Fulton  at  Detroit,  attack  in  Free  Press,  345 ; 
tribute  of  Legal  News,  people  quarrel  to  en¬ 
tertain  her,  hears  Beecher  on  “  Sins  of  Par¬ 
ents,”  346  ;  telegraphs  suff. conference  in  New 
York  that  West  desires  union,  urges  it  in 
Revolution,  347 ;  younger  women  want  her 
at  head,  348 ;  votes  to  unite  E.  R.  Assn,  and 
Union  Suff.  Soc.,  349;  calls  mass  meet,  to 
consider  McFarland-Richardson  case,  351 ; 
petit,  governor  to  put  McFarland  in  insane 
asylum,  censured  by  press,  thanks  of  un¬ 
happy  wives,  prepares  to  give  up  Revolu¬ 
tion,  353 ;  condition  of  Revolution,  her  work 
upon  it,  no  salary,  touching  appeals  for 
money,  354 ;  terrible  struggle,  355 ;  still  hope¬ 
ful,  stock  company  projected,  356 ;  refuses 
to  change  name  of  Revolution,  358 ;  visits 
A.  Cary  and  secures  story,  359;  warns 
Mrs.  Phelps  that  Revolution  will  hurt 


INDEX. 


1029 


Woman’s  Bureau,  360;  strain  increases, 
sells  Revolution  for  one  dollar  after  sink¬ 
ing  $35,000,  361 ;  grief  over  giving  up  paper, 
let.  refuting  charge  of  financial  reckless¬ 
ness,  362 ;  if  she  had  known  power  as 
lecturer  cd.  have  sustained  paper,  363;  love 
for  old  volumes  of  Revolution,  starts  out  to 
pay  $10,000  debt,  Yankee  bargain,  364; 
“  squelches  ”  little  professor,  social  court¬ 
esies,  receives  $100  at  Saratoga  con.  for 
first  time,  fine  summing  up  of  status  worn, 
suff.,  365;  Natl.  Labor  Cong,  at  Phila., 
366;  hostility  because  she  advised  women 
to  take  strikers’  places,  credentials  re¬ 
jected,  attack  of  Utica  Herald,  367;  goes 
to  New  York  to  help  Mrs.  Davis  with 
Twentieth  Suff.  Annivers.  diary  shows  her 
energy,  makes  great  success,  368;  urges 
women  not  to  identify  themselves  with 
polit.  parties,  resumes  lect.  tour,  death 
of  nephew  Thomas  King  McLean,  starts 
out  night  of  funeral,  369;  lectures  in 
Va.,  Wash.,  Phila.,  on  “The  False  The¬ 
ory,”  introduced  by  venerable  Lucretia 
Mott,  first  meet,  with  Phillips  since  differ¬ 
ence  of  opinion  on  Amend.  XIV,  370 ;  Mrs. 
Stn.  wants  her  for  pres,  of  assn.,  371 ;  as  does 
Mrs.  Wright,  372;  declines  to  be  snubbed, 
lectures  Mrs.  Stn.  on  giving  up  the  ship, 
373;  Mrs.  Hooker  appeals  for  help,  can¬ 
cels  lecture  engagements  to  go  to  her  aid, 
374;  learns  Mrs.  Woodhull  will  address 
cong.  com.,  goes  with  Mrs.  Hooker  and 
others  to  hear  her,  375;  addresses  cong. 
com.  and  begs  consideration,  described 
by  Wash.  Daily  Patriot,  376;  speaks  on 
petit,  of  Mrs.  Dahlgren  and  others  against 
suff.,  presents  resolution  declaring  women 
enfranchised  by  Amend.  XIY,  377,  if  this 
fail,  go  back  to  Amend.  XYI,  placed  on  edu¬ 
cational  com.,  378;  lectures  throughout 
western  cities,  379 ;  fatigue  of  trip,  differ¬ 
ent  bed  every  night  for  three  months, 
compli.  by  pres,  of  Antioch  College,  380; 
The  New  Situation,  argument  on  woman’s 
right  to  vote  under  Amend.  XIV,  381 ;  life 
strongest  testimony  against  cry  of  “free 
love,”  383;  compliments  by  N.  Y.  Standard, 
Tribune,  Democrat,  let.  to  Revolution  on 
single  standard  for  men  and  women,  384 ; 
visits  Mrs.  Hooker,  starts  for  Calif.,  recep¬ 
tion  by  Chicago  Suff.  Club,  entertained  at 
Denver  by  governor,  comments  of  western 
press,  387 ;  letter  describing  journey,  “love 
makes  home  heaven,”  Wy.  land  of  free,  guest 
of  Salt  Lake  dignitaries,  dedication  new 
Liberal  Institute,  388;  problems  of  polyg¬ 
amy,  woman  must  have  independent  bread, 
missionary  work  but  not  for  priests,  389 ;  po¬ 
lygamy  in  East  as  well  as  West,  declines  to 


accept  “man-visions,”  390;  visits  Mrs.  Fair 
in  jail,  first  speech  in  San  Francisco,  “  men 
do  not  protect  women,”  hissed  by  audi¬ 
ence,  391 ;  denounced  by  press,  her  distress, 
sister  Mary  upholds  her,  goes  to  Yosemite, 
392 ;  describes  trip,  riding  horseback,  Mir¬ 
ror  Lake,  etc.,  393 ;  speaks  at  San  Jose,  goes 
to  geysers,  sits  with  driver,  visits  old  teach¬ 
er,  394  ;  enjoys  getting  away  from  reform 
talk,  enjoys  getting  back  into  it,  en  route 
by  boat  to  Ore.,  first  let.  from  Portland, 
395;  enjoys  not  being  Mrs.  Stn’s  shadow, 
wishes  she  had  said  more  on  Mrs.  Fair’s 
case  in  San  Francisco,  first  lect.  in  Port¬ 
land,  396 ;  accounts  of  Oregonian  and  Her¬ 
ald,  insults  of  Bulletin,  397 ;  praise  by  New 
Northwest,  let.  on  Chinese,  398;  Mrs.  Duni- 
way’s  compliment,  at  Walla  Walla,  Salem, 
Olympia,  ride  over  corduroy  road,  sunrise 
at  Seattle,  399 ;  again  at  Portland,  offer  of 
marriage,  incident  at  Umatilla,  a  sip  of 
wine  and  its  results,  400;  addresses  Wash, 
legis.,  sacrificed  by  others,  praise  by  Olym¬ 
pia  Standard,  misrepresented  by  Despatch, 
401 ;  no  women  present  in  British  Columbia 
audiences,  abusive  “cards”  in  Victoria 
press,  402 ;  husband  objects  to  entertaining 
her,  peculiar  marriage  conditions,  stage 
ride  southward,  deep  mud,  bed-room  nest 
to  bar-room,  at  Yreka,  403;  Mt.  Shasta,  at 
Chico,  Marysville,  etc.,  discusses  Holland 
Social  Evil  Bill  in  San  Francisco,  404;  at 
Mayfield,  banquet  at  Grand  Hotel,  San 
Francisco,  Chronicle  report,  lect.  ar¬ 
ranged  by  L.  de  F.  Gordon,  at  Nevada  City, 
405 ;  Virginia  City  in  rainy  season,  guest  of 
Sen.  Sargent’s  family  on  trip  eastward, 
graphic  account  of  snowbound  journey, 
406;  carries  tea  to  mothers  on  train,  407; 
hangs  jury  at  mock  trial,  prefers  to 
check  own  baggage,  stops  at  aunt’s  in 
Chicago,  reaches  Wash,  in  time  for  con., 
“not  at  all  tired,”  408;  addresses  Senate 
com.  showing  record  of  Repubs,  on  worn, 
suff.,  410;  presented  with  $50  at  Rochester, 
how  friends  have  helped  all  the  years,  412 ; 
sees  in  Woodhull  and  Claflin’s  Weekly  call 
for  new  party  under  auspices  of  Natl.  Suff. 
Assn.,  rushes  to  New  York,  previous  letter 
forbidding  use  of  her  name,  objects  to  in¬ 
fluence  of  “men  spirits,”  413 ;  thwarts  efforts 
of  Woodhull  faction  to  obtain  control  of 
New  York  Suff.  Con.,  censured  by  Mrs. 
Stn.  and  Mrs.  Hooker,  elected  pres,  of  assn., 
414;  carries  on  meet.,  deserted  by  friends, 
“ship  almost  lost,”  at  Natl.  Liberal  Repub. 
Con.  in  Cincinnati,  rec.  no  consideration, 
compares  cause  of  worn.  suff.  to  that  of  A. 
S.,  415;  at  Natl.  Repub.  Conv.  in  Philadel¬ 
phia,  calls  on  Demo,  to  stand  by  women, 


1030 


INDEX. 


cori’esponds  with  H.  B.  Blackwell  relative 
to  women’s  working  for  Repub.  party,  416; 
at  Dem.  Natl.  Con.  in  Baltimore,  interview 
with  Jas.  R.  Doolittle,  417 ;  no  hope  for 
women  here,  urges  women  to  work  for 
Repub.  party,  418;  her  political  position, 
cares  only  for  woman’s  interests,  joy  over 
action  of  Repubs.,  rallying  cry  to  Mrs. 
Bloomer,  419;  “Ft.  Sumter  gun  of  our  war 
fired,”  congratulat.  note  from  Henry  Wil¬ 
son,  420;  Natl.  Com.  invites  her  to  Wash¬ 
ington,  gives  her  $500  and  N.  Y.  Com. 
gives  $500  for  campaign  meet.,  421;  holds 
rallies  at  Rochester  and  New  York,  insists 
that  women  shall  speak  only  ou  worn, 
suff.  plank,  objects  to  hounding  of  Greeley, 
422 ;  advocates  no  party  that  does  not  stand 
for  worn,  suff.,  is  registered  to  vote,  423; 
comments  of  press,  tells  Mrs.  Stn.  about  it, 
424;  Judge  Selden  advises  that  she  has 
right  to  vote  under  Amend.  XIV,  425 ;  as¬ 
sures  inspectors  she  will  bear  expenses  if 
they  are  arrested,  is  herself  arrested,  re¬ 
fuses  to  take  herself  to  court,  the  warrant, 
426 ;  examination  before  U.  S.  officers,  does 
not  want  trial  to  interfere  with  lecture  en¬ 
gagements,  427 ;  sad  anniversary,  second 
hearing,  speaks  in  behalf  of  inspectors,  re¬ 
fuses  to  give  bail,  trib.  from  Rochester 
Express,  her  own  defense,  428;  at  Wash, 
con.,  opening  speech  on  methods  of  se¬ 
curing  worn,  suff.,  431;  res.  declare  her 
arrest  a  blow  at  liberty,  speakers  defend 
her,  appears  with  counsel  before  Judge 
Hall  at  Albany,  bail  increased,  432 ;  refuses 
bail,  overruled  by  Judge  Selden,  indict¬ 
ment  of  grand  jury,  delivers  “Constitu¬ 
tional  Argument”  in  western  cities,  433; 
becomes  unconscious  on  platform  at  Ft. 
Wayne,  rallies  and  lectures  at  Marion, 
votes  again,  issues  call  for  May  Anniver¬ 
sary  in  New  York,  tells  of  arrest,  434;  res. 
of  endorsement,  speaks  in  twenty-nine 
postoffice  districts  of  Monroe  Co.,  Dist.- 
Atty.  threatens  to  move  case  to  another 
county,  tells  him  she  will  canvass  that, 
speech  a  masterpiece,  her  appearance,  435 ; 
speaks  in  twenty-one  places  in  Ontario  Co. 
on  “Is  it  a  crime  for  a  U.  S.  citizen  to  vote?” 
Rochester  Union  and  Advertiser  calls  her  a 
“corruptionist,”  newspaper  comment,  trial 
opens,  436;  refused  permission  to  testify, 
437;  believed  she  had  a  right  to  vote,  438; 
counsel  demands  jury  be  polled,  refused 
and  new  trial  denied,  encounter  of  words 
with  Judge  Hunt,  dramatic  scene,  439; 
fined  $100,  440 ;  declares  she  never  will  pay 
it,  believes  Conkling  influenced  judge,  trial 
a  farce,  extended  newspaper  comment, 
441;  advised  by  Albany  Law  Journal  to 


emigrate,  attends  trial  of  inspectors,  an- 
other  tilt  with  Judge  Hunt,  443;  Mr.  Van 
Voorhis’  opinion  of  her  case  after  twenty- 
four  years,  444  ;  heavy  debts,  445 ;  sympathy 
and  financial  help,  has  Selden’s  speech  and 
report  of  trial  printed,  lect.  in  Roches¬ 
ter  for  benefit  of  inspectors,  omitted  as 
charter  member  of  Assn,  for  Advancement 
of  Women,  446 ;  death  of  sister  Guelma,  let. 
to  mother,  love  of  family,  “shall  we  meet 
the  dead?”  tries  to  vote  but  finds  name 
struck  from  register,  447 ;  Anson  Lapham 
returns  her  notes  for  $4,000,  448 ;  decides  to 
appeal  to  Cong.,  449 ;  takes  appeal  to  Wash¬ 
ington,  asks  remission  of  fine,  case  pre¬ 
sented  by  Sargent  and  Loughridge,  Tre¬ 
maine  reports  adversely,  450 ;  says  president 
has  pardoned  her,  Butler  presents  minority 
report  in  favor,  Sen,  Edmunds  presents 
insulting  report,  Sen.  Carpenter  reports 
favorably,  451 ;  writes  Pres.  Grant  and  Gen. 
Butler  in  behalf  of  inspectors,  urges  them 
not  to  pay  fine,  breakfasts  with  them  in 
jail,  presented  with  purse  at  Dansville 
Sanitarium,  Sargent  and  Butler  telegraph 
inspectors  are  pardoned,  452 ;  fine  still 
stands  against  A.,  453;  returns  to  work  of 
securing  amends,  to  Federal  and  State 
constit.,  invites  Vice-Pres.  Wilson  speak  on 
suff.  platform,  Gen.  Butler  in  favor  of  worn, 
suff.,  454;  conversation  with  Pres.  Grant, 
455;  tour  of  Conn,  with  Mrs.  Hooker,  Sum¬ 
ner’s  death,  helps  women  organize  temp, 
crusade,  456;  tells  them  they  can  not  suc¬ 
ceed  without  ballot,  anecdote  of  Douglass, 
writes  to  Leavenworth  Times  on  this  sub¬ 
ject,  tells  Industrial  Cong,  women  are  a 
millstone  around  their  necks,  criticises  Dio 
Lewis,  457 ;  writes  one  hundred  lets,  for 
May  meet.,  telegram  saying  she  smoked  on 
platform,  etc.,  458;  slips  home  often  to  see 
mother,  writes  fiftieth  anniversary  let.  to 
brother  D.  R.,  honesty  best  policy  in  home 
and  society,  459;  canvassed  Mich.,  larger 
audiences  than  Sen.  Chandler,  small 
profits,  suff.  first,  money  afterwards,  460; 
efforts  to  compel  disclosures  in  regard  to 
Beecher-Tilton  trouble,  461 ;  complimented 
on  silence  by  Chicago  Tribune,  J.  Hooker, 
N.  Y.  Sun,  Rochester  Democrat  and  Chroni¬ 
cle,  refutes  belief  in  “free  love,”  462;  does 
not  believe  in  second  marriage  or  platonic 
friendship,  love  for  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tilton, 
463 ;  in  latter’s  praise  for  Beecher,  A.  saw 
only  friendship,  464 ;  death  of  Gerrit  Smith 
and  Martha  Wright,  struggle  to  hold  Wash¬ 
ington  conv.,  467  ;  advances  funds  and  works 
without  ceasing,  Anson  Lapham  gives  her 
$1,000,  lectures  on  Social  Purity  at  Chicago, 
468 ;  eulogized  by  St.  Louis  Democrat,  con- 


INDEX. 


1031 


demned  by  country  papers,  addresses  Nor¬ 
mal  School  at  Carbondale  on  marrying  for 
love,  sixty  lectures  in  Iowa,  trying  experi¬ 
ences,  469 ;  telegram  announcing  brother 
shot,  works  all  night  on  con.  accounts, 
journey  to  Kan.,  470 ;  nine  weeks  by  brother’s 
bedside,  skill  and  tenderness  in  sickroom, 
takes  niece  Susie  B.  home  with  her,  471; 
first  hears  F.  E.  Willard,  refuses  to  com¬ 
promise  her  by  sitting  on  platform,  lectures 
in  Rochester  on  Social  Purity,  misses  Wash¬ 
ington  con.  for  first  time,  lectures  in  Chi¬ 
cago,  Bread  and  Ballot,  pays  last  dollar  of 
Revolution  debt,  472 ;  beautiful  recognition 
of  press,  473 ;  at  New  York  Suff.  Anniversary, 
chmn.  Centennial  Campn.  Com.,  474;  offers 
Hist,  of  Worn.  Suff.  as  premium  and  ful¬ 
fills  pledges,  opens  headquarters  at  Phila¬ 
delphia  and  assumes  financial  responsibil¬ 
ity,  475;  besieges  natl.  polit.  cons.,  “the 
golden  hour,”  prepares  Woman’s  Declara¬ 
tion  of  Independence,  476;  obtains  seat 
on  platform  as  reporter,  477 ;  presents 
Declaration  at  Centennial  Celebration, 
reads  it  on  Independence  square,  478; 
and  in  con.,  Luc.  Mott’s  tea-pot,  479 ;  con- 
tibu.  to  Centennial  Headqrs.,  Mrs.  Mott 
sends  tea,  A.  dees  not  work  for  financ.  re¬ 
ward,  begins  Hist.  Worn.  Suff.,  480;  dislike 
of  the  work,  spks.  at  Mrs.  Davis’  funeral, 
sorrow  at  her  death  and  that  of  Anson 
Lapham,  writes  worn.  suff.  article  for  en- 
cyclop.,  481;  grief  at  absence  from  home, 
482 ;  appeal  for  Amend.  XYI,  483 ;  on  floor  of 
House  of  Repres.,  485;  circular  of  Slayton 
Bureau,  486;  cancels  engagements  to  be 
with  sister  Hannah,  487 ;  her  death,  takes 
orphan  daughter  home,  gift  of  Helen  Pot¬ 
ter,  Mrs.  Stn.’s  let.  on  their  friendship, 
misses  May  Annivers.  first  time,  488 ;  friend¬ 
ship  for  Mrs.  Stn.,  love  of  her  children  for 
A.,  trib.  of  Annie  McDowell,  offers  services 
to  Col.,  489 ;  accepted,  hard  campn.  experi¬ 
ences,  65  mile  stage-ride,  490 ;  how  husbands 
represent  wives,  spks.  in  saloons,  no  locks 
on  doors,  Gov.  Routt  stands  by  her,  491 ;  in¬ 
sulting  placards,  receipts  less  than  ex¬ 
penses,  gifts  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hall,  Mrs. 
Knox  Goodrich,  at  Denver  meets  Miss  Hind¬ 
man,  Mrs.  Campbell,  Abby  S.  Richardson, 
her  memory  of  sister  Hannah,  492 ;  at  Dr. 
Avery’s  writing  “  Homes  of  Single  Women,” 
spks.  at  Boulder  and  Denver,  lect.  tour  of 
Neb.,  longs  for  sister  Mary,  fears  mother 
may  die,  man  wants  credit  for  holding 
children,  493;  sends  $100  to  Washington 
con.,  friends  urge  not  to  miss  another  con., 
494 ;  compli.  by  Phillips,  by  P.  Couzins,  ar¬ 
ranges  30th  Annivers.  at  Rochester,  495; 
comment  of  Roch.  Demo,  and  Chronicle, 


remains  with  invalid  mother,  declines  Kan. 
invitations,  writes  Hayford  regarding  worn, 
suff.  in  Wy.,  496;  let.  to  L.  Stone  on  atti¬ 
tude  of  women  toward  polit.  parties,  497 ; 
strong  res.  at  Natl.  Con.,  499;  address  to 
Pres.  Hayes,  500;  lect.  in  New  England, 
personal  notices  in  scrap-books,  change  in 
attitude  of  press,  502 ;  compli.  by  Ind.  pa¬ 
pers,  503;  attack  of  Richmond,  Ky.,  and 
Grand  Rapids  papers,  504;  St.  Paul  lady 
acknowledges  conversion,  worn,  needs  bal¬ 
lot  for  temp,  legis.,  505 ;  men  fear  worn,  suff., 
trib.  of  Globe-Demo.,  506;  response  to  floral 
offering,  “  used  to  stones,”  made  vice-pres.- 
at-large,  friendship  of  Sargents,  507  ;  death 
of  Garrison,  has  now  a  bank  account,  gen¬ 
erosity,  508;  never  fails  to  keep  engage¬ 
ments,  friends  anxious  she  shd.  save  money, 
desirous  of  woman’s  paper,  efforts  for  one, 
helps  edit  Ballot-Box,  509 ;  need  of  woman’s 
work  and  opinion  in  daily  papers,  press 
work  shd.  be  feature  of  Natl.  Assn.,  invited 
to  Concord  School  of  Philos.,  510;  new 
friends,  at  Washington  con.,  compli.  by  Ed¬ 
munds,  511 ;  Mrs.  Spofford’s  hospitality,  sees 
Luc.  Mott  last  time,  death  of  mother,  512 ; 
starts  out  again,  513 ;  carries  point  for  series 
of  cons., rallying  cry  for  mass  meet,  in  Chica¬ 
go,  515 ;  all  send  ideas  to  Mrs.  Stn.,  watching 
legislators,  on  death  of  sister,  doubts  of  fut¬ 
ure  life,  516 ;  apprecia.  of  sister  Mary,  pre¬ 
sides  at  Indianapolis  con.,  suff.  women  mar¬ 
ried  and  number  of  children,  517 ;  ten  min¬ 
utes  at  Natl.  Repub.  Con.,  ad.  Greenback- 
Labor  Con.,  518 ;  trib.  of  Cin’ti  Commercial, 
519:  calls  on  Gen.  Garfield,  520;  official  let. 
to  president,  candidates,  521 ;  let.  to  Garfield 
on  Repub.  party,  522;  blames  women  for 
rushing  into  campn.,  defends  Garfield,  crit¬ 
icises  Hancock,  523;  hopes  for  help  from 
Repubs.,  continues  work  on  History,  Eliz. 
Thomson  gives  $1,000,  524;  hates  the  work, 
calls  on  Whittier,  death  of  Luc.  Mott,  per¬ 
suades  Mrs.  Stn.  to  vote,  525 ;  suggests  Natl. 
Con.  be  omitted,  owns  Mrs.  Stn.  persuaded 
her,  526;  trib.  to  Luc.  Mott,  day  at  her 
home,  her  hosts  in  Philadelphia,  ridiculous 
account  of  Skye  terrier,  527 ;  N.  Y.  Graphic 
on  terrier,  her  disgust,  528 ;  love  for  Mrs. 
Nichols,  wd.  not  spare  parents  for  chil¬ 
dren’s  sake,  529;  did  not  carry  out  theory, 
pushing  the  history,  bound  to  have  Rose 
and  Nichol’s  pictures,  530;  valuable  work 
done  by  Hist.  Worn.  Suff.,  531 ;  starts  for 
Mass,  taking  Mrs.  Stn.,  532 ;  tells  Gov.  Long 
women  are  weary,  rec.  gold  medal  from 
Phila.  Suff.  Assn.,  entertained  by  Bird  Club, 
Boston  Globe  pays  trib.,  534;  relief  to  roll 
burden  on  young  shoulders,  entertained  by 
Pillsburys,  compli.  let.  from  Mrs.  Pillsbury, 


1032 


INDEX, 


Mrs.  Harbert,  trib.  of  Mrs.  Wallace,  535 ; 
death  of  Phebe  Jones,  no  home  in  Albany, 
death  of  Garfield,  no  will,  his  religion,  536; 
JVxrs.  Stn.  s  work  for  women  kept  her  young, 
A.  goes  to  Natl.  W.  C.  T.  U.  Con.  in  Wash¬ 
ington,  introduced  by  Miss  Willard,  dele¬ 
gate  declares  she  does  not  recognize  God, 
sees  worn.  suff.  adopted  by  con.,  537;  dele¬ 
gates  announce  A.  did  not  influence  con., 
souvenir  from  Childs,  writes  Phillips  on 
his  seventieth  birthday,  his  reply,  538;  at¬ 
tacks  her  work  with  courage,  Phillips  an¬ 
nounces  Eddy  legacy,  her  joy  and  gratitude, 
539 ;  suit  to  break  will,  appeals  from  public 
for  money,  at  Wash,  con.,  540;  delight  at 
appointment  of  cong.  com.  on  rights  of 
woman,  presents  each  member  wfith  Hist. 

om.  Suff.,  con.  at  Phila.,  luncheon  with 
Hannah  W.  Smith,  at  N.  Y.  State  Con.,  ap¬ 
peals  to  House  Com.  to  abolish  “male” 
from  Constit.  of  Dak.,  541;  restive  under 
histoiy  work,  trib.  of  Elmira  Free  Press 
and  Wash.  Republic,  542;  reads  proof  of 
\  ol.  II  of  Hist.,  influential  friends  in  Cong., 
trib.  of  Harriot  Stanton,  543 ;  goes  into  Neb. 
campn.,  “not  a  white-haired  woman  on 
piat.,  not  sure  of  younger  ones,  544;  gives 
time  and  $1,000,  speaks  in  forty  counties, 
debates  with  Edward  Rosewater,  students 
make  effigy,  545 ;  at  St.  Louis,  ad.  Lincoln 
Club  in  Rochester,  confers  with  Cong.  Com. 
in  Wash.,  decides  to  go  abroad,  birthday 
recep.  in  Phila.,  dislike  of  “Aunt  Susan,” 
546 ;  Times  account  of  recep.,  ad.  of  Purvis, 
A.  gives  credit  to  other  workers,  w7d.  have 
worked  for  man’s  freedom,  Mrs.  Sewell's 
description  of  farewell  honors,  testimonial 
from  Rochester  citizens  and  Natl.  Assn., 
song  dedicated,  547;  point  lace,  India 
shawl,  trib.  of  Chicago  Tribune,  A.  has  “  no 
peer,”  549;  farewell  from  Kan.  City  Jour¬ 
nal,  N.  Y.  Times  description  of  departure, 
flag  in  stateroom,  550;  own  description  of 
tour  abroad,  on  shipboard,  stuck  in  mud, 
recollect,  of  those  left,  551 ;  rough  sea,  three 
falls,  thoughts  of  nieces,  talks  suff.  with 
passengers,  552 ;  invited  to  Sargent’s  at 
Bei  lin,  Mrs.  Stn.  s  welcome,  at  Liverpool, 
Hist,  of  Worn.  Suff.  not  in  library,  visit  to 
Mrs.  Rose,  554 ;  sees  Irving  and  Terry,  ob¬ 
jects  to  lovemaking,  at  Contag.  Dis.  Act. 
Meet.,  crossing  channel,  en  route  to  Rome, 
no  sleeper,  bedrooms  at  Milan,  555 ,  paint¬ 
ing  of  Christ  in  railway  station,  Easter 
Sunday  in  Rome,  at  Naples,  Herculaneum, 
John  Bright’s  address,  556;  invited  to  write 
for  Italian  Times,  climbs  Vesuvius,  dishon¬ 
est  tradesmen,  Palermo,  the  dead  Christ, 
Lake  Avernus,  streets  of  Naples,  interest  in 
suff.  work  and  friends  at  home,  557 ;  Vati¬ 


can,  no  hope  for  freedom  in  old  world, 
mother  s  knowledge  of  history,  too  many 
languages,  hears  Ristori,  at  Milan,  disad* 
vantages  of  compartment  travel,  558;  at 
Zurich, at  Munich,  every  girl  slid,  go  abroad, 
at  Sargents’  in  Berlin,  at  WTorms,  Luther’s 
statue  at  Cologne,  lets,  sent  back  from 
post-office,  559 ;  up  the  Rhine,  Heidelberg, 
Potsdam,  emperors’  tombs  and  palaces, 
degradation  of  masses,  at  Strasburg,  560; 
Alsace  and  Lorraine,  in  Paris,  guest  of 
Mme.  de  Barron,  breakfast  in  bed,  calls  on 
friends,  Communists  in  Pere  la  Chaise, 
funeral  of  Laboulaye,  Le  Soir  wishes  in¬ 
terview,  561 ;  calls  on  Hubertine  Auclert  and 
Leon  Richer,  disadvantage  of  not  speak¬ 
ing  French,  longs  to  be  fighting  battle  for 
women  in  America,  Miss  Foster’s  presenta¬ 
tion  at  court,  tomb  of  Napoleon,  homesick, 
begs  sister  Mary  to  come  to  Europe,  562; 
shall  we  accept  religious  teaching  of 
young,  strong  intellects  or  old,  weakened 
ones?  563;  Stopford  Brooke  on  temp.,  talks 
to  ladies  under  trees,  visits  Albemarle  and 
Somerville  Clubs,  prepares  speeches,  nights 
all  days,  564 ;  goes  to  Poor  Law  Guardian 
meet.,  spks.  at  Prince’s  Hall,  Conway  de¬ 
lighted,  565;  St.  James’  Hall,  4th  of  July 
recep.  at  Mrs.  Mellen’s,  566 ;  at  many  din¬ 
ners,  recep.,  suff.  meet.,  clubs,  etc.,  calls 
from  factory  women,  velvet  dress  and  In¬ 
dia  shawl,  hears  Canon  Wilberforce  on 
temp.,  indignation,  sees  Bernhardt,  567; 
bound  to  get  all  possible  good,  refuses  to 
interfere  in  suff.  work  in  England,  platonic 
friendship,  goes  to  Edinburgh,  at  Mrs.  Nich- 
ol’s,  568 ;  let.  from  Priscilla  B.  McLaren, 
celebrated  places  in  Scotland,  outside  of 
stage,  home  of  Queen  Mary,  569;  con¬ 
verts  Prof.  Blackie  to  worn,  suff.,  he  “seals 
it  with  a  kiss,”  loses  trunk,  criticises  En¬ 
glish  check  system,  drives  among  lakes, 
visits  Dr.  Jex-Blake,  570;  at  Ambleside, 
compares  hills  with  those  of  America,  home 
of  H.  Martineau,  571;  class  and  caste 
ideas,  urges  discontent,  in  Belfast,  men 
can  not  vote  on  temp,  question,  meets  old 
abolits.,  rides  in  third-class  car,  at  Cork, 
4/2,  drunken  men  and  women,  filth,  visits 
convent,  incident  at  Killarney,  573 ;  woman 
with  twins,  sad  spectacles,  to  Galway  in 
rain,  butter  in  tobacco  smoke,  574;  in 
Dublin,  meets  Davitt,  Youghal,  reads  Chil¬ 
dren  of  Abbey,  Belfast,  buys  linen,  Rugby, 
Kenilworth  Castle,  “Americans  never  see 
leg  of  mutton,”  Stratford,  Oxford,  back  in 
London,  extracts  from  diary,  London  fog, 
575;  at  Leeds,  home  of  Bronte  sisters, 
dreads  trip  home,  576;  hears  John  Bright 
forget  to  mention  worn,  suff,  at  Bristol,  at 


INDEX. 


1033 


Jacob  Bright’s,  let.  from  Mrs.  Bright  on 
little  son’s  admiration  for  A.,  577;  urges 
sister  to  continue  work  if  she  never  reach 
home,  especial  interest  in  England  on  ac¬ 
count  of  suii.  movement,  efforts  to  secure 
co-operation  between  Eng.  and  Amer. 
women,  578 ;  recep.  in  Liverpool,  com. 
formed  to  promote  organizat.,  friends  come 
from  London  to  say  good-bye,  safe  landing 
in  New  York,  579;  welcome  home,  inter¬ 
view,  did  not  see  Queen,  social  idea  more 
important,  trib.  of  N.  Y.  Evening  Telegram, 
581 ;  Cleveland  Leader,  woman  of  the 
future,  Cin’ti  Times-Star’s  criticism,  582; 
kindness  to  reporters,  conferring  with  con¬ 
gressmen,  agony  of  it,  583 ;  begs  Kelley  to 
take  up  suff.  question,  Repubs,  in  favor, 
584;  writes  to  112  congressmen,  heads  off 
injudicious  women,  585 ;  on  Douglass’  mar¬ 
riage,  everybody’s  burden  on  her  shoulders, 
586 ;  helpless  women  wear  her  out,  always 
writes  cheerful  lets.,  death  of  Phillips,  587 ; 
goes  to  funeral,  at  Washington  con.,  speech 
before  Cong.  Com.  urging  Amend.  XVI,  588 ; 
goes  to  Conn.,  hastens  back  to  watch  con¬ 
gressmen,  how  she  follows  them  up,  591; 
report  of  suff.  con.  fails,  she  and  Mrs.  Stn. 
get  out  report,  wants  everybody  to  have 
credit,  begins  Vol.  Ill  of  Hist.  Worn.  Suff., 
anxiety  over  Ore.  election,  sends  Mrs.  Duni- 
way  $100,  restive  under  historical  work,  592 ; 
criticises  Gladstone,  593 ;  advises  women  to 
work  for  Repub.  party,  decides  it  was  un¬ 
wise,  criticises  Miss  Willard  for  favoring 
State  Rights,  Prohib.  party  will  repudiate 
worn,  suff.,  prophecy  fulfilled,  594;  at  Wash, 
con.,  death  of  Mrs.  Nichols,  opposes  res. 
denouncing  dogmas,  answers  St.  Paul,  595  ; 
rebukes  Rev.  Patton  for  sermon,  regrets 
it,  Mrs.  Stn.  approves,  596 ;  sends  out  Palm¬ 
er’s  speech,  goes  to  Mass.,  then  to  New 
Orleans  Expo.,  guest  of  Mrs.  Merrick,  many 
addresses,  trib.  of  Picayune,  597;  cordial 
recep.,  at  Bishop’s  University,  at  St.  Louis, 
message  of  J.  Ellen  Foster,  death  of  Grant, 
goes  to  Boston  to  rec.  Eddy  legacy,  fright 
on  sleeper,  598;  appeals  to  share  money, 
friends  who  repudiated  come  flocking  back, 
determined  to  finish  Hist.  Worn.  Suff., 
agreement  with  Fowler  and  Wells,  599; 
buys  out  their  rights,  begins  work  again 
at  Tenafly,  assumes  all  financ.  responsibil., 
grief  at  not  being  a  writer,  good  critic, 
keeps  Mrs.  Stn.  keyed  up,  applies  lash  to 
own  back,  600;  meets  Miss  Eddy,  they  go 
to  Mrs.  Stn.’s,  A.  commends  her,  drudgery 
on  Hist.,  women  complain  of  Mrs.  Stn.’s 
blue  pencil,  between  two  fires,  601 ;  refuses 
appeals  for  speeches,  dislike  of  literary 
work,  Mrs.  Stn.’s  70th  birthday,  trib.  from 


H.  Stn.  Blatch.,  602;  comforts  Julia  and 
Rachel  Foster  at  death  of  mother,  603; 
starts  to  Wash,  with  light  heart,  taste  in 
dress,  holds  members  of  Cong,  to  their 
word,  605 ;  humorous  note  from  Sen.  Blair, 

A.  directly  connected  with  all  cong.  action 
on  worn,  suff.,  606;  at  Wash,  con.,  rec.  $100 
from  Childs,  looking  after  congressmen, 
extracts  from  diary,  Stanford,  Dolph,  607 ; 
Eustis,  lets,  from  Mrs.  Merrick,  O,  Brown, 
sends  P.  Couzins  $100,  Vol.  Ill  of  Hist, 
completed,  visits  in  Kan.,  608;  speaks  at 
Salina  for  W.  C.  T.  U.,  at  Lake  Bluff,  Ill., 
camp  meet.,  at  Lake  Geneva  accompanied 
by  Susie  B.,  at  Miss  Willard’s,  at  Racine, 
at  St.  Louis,  at  Leav.,  spks.  in  cong.  dists. 
of  Kan.,  609;  splendid  audiences,  mother 
brings  baby  for  her  to  take  in  arms,  Baptist 
minister  refuses  church  and  then  blesses 
meet.,  610;  “spirit  wd.  not  always  soar,” 
Municipal  Suff.  Bill  signed  on  67th  birth¬ 
day,  Chief- Justice  Horton  congratulates 
her,  at  Racine,  611 ;  canvassses  Wis.,  elo¬ 
quence  in  State  House,  lively  let.  to  Mrs. 
Spofford,  get  orthodox  church  for  con.,  612 ; 
immense  amount  of  money  put  into  Hist. 
Worn.  Suff.,  years  of  careful  collecting  and 
saving  of  material,  resume  of  the  work,  613 ; 
world  indebted  to  her  for  it,  in  over  1,000 
libraries,  commendatory  lets.,  614;  from 
Mary  L.  Booth,  615 ;  D.  W.  Wilder,  Sarah 

B.  Cooper,  hopes  to  publish  Vol.  IV,  goes  to 
Neb.,  616 ;  at  Chicago,  Lansing,  Wash,  con., 
yellow  dog,  617 ;  denounces  Sen.  Ingalls, 
he  asks  interview,  621;  proposes  truce, 
she  declines,  refuses  to  go  to  Conn.,  “feels 
guilty,”  visits  Maria  Mitchell  at  Vas- 
sar,  ad.  Constit.  Con.  at  Albany,  back  to 
Wash,  “year  after  year,”  lying  reports  from 
Leavenworth,  corres.  with  Miss  Willard 
regarding  suff.  plank  in  Prohib.  plat.,  622; 
opposes  Third  Party,  will  not  fight  Repubs., 
dreads  starting  out,  State  Cons,  at  Indpls. 
and  Cleveland,  “only  sister  Mary  left,”  re¬ 
bukes  conserv.  women,  faith  in  Repub. 
party,  623;  seminary  graduates’  essays,  at 
Cape  May,  at  childhood  home,  at  Magnolia, 
advises  O.  Brown  and  A.  Gray  not  to  bring 
suit  under  school  suff.  law,  624 ;  tries  to  ar¬ 
range  old  lets.,  etc.,  Mrs.  Stn.  advises  to 
burn,  in  Wis.,  campn.  in  Kan.,  scores  In¬ 
galls,  625 ;  at  Mrs.  Ingalls’  luncheon,  senator 
“will  not  argue  with  woman,”  Ind.  campn. 
in  Wash.,  Blair’s  little  joke,  626;  on  com. 
for  union  of  two  assns.,  627 ;  meets  L.  Stone 
and  A.  S.  Blackwell  in  Boston,  receives  plan 
of  union  from  Mrs.  Stone,  advised  not  to 
take  pres,  of  united  assns.,  approves  and 
urges  union,  628;  “the  way  to  unite  is  to 
unite,”  impatient  of  “red  tape,”  exacts  and 


1034 


INDEX. 


makes  no  pledges,  chrnn.  com.  on  confer- 
ference,  629 ;  carries  meet,  in  favor  of  union, 
willing  to  decline  pres.,  lets,  declare  she 
must  take  it,  630;  sp.  in  favor  of  Mrs.  Stn., 
Natl.  suff.  platform  means  individ.  free¬ 
dom,  631 ;  elected  vice-pres. -at-large,  co-op¬ 
erates  with  Mrs.  Sewall  in  securing  union, 
always  ready  to  sink  personal  feeling,  632 ; 
dream  of  internatl.  suff.  assn.,  results  in 
Internatl.  Council,  her  part  in  arranging  it, 
633;  “can’t  allow  apologetic  invitat.,” 
women  not  ordained  shall  preach,  wants 
affirmations,  not  negations,  glad  L.  Stone 
and  A.  Blackwell  are  to  Jbe  on  plat.,  634; 
Mrs.  Stn.  expresses  friendship  and  is  com¬ 
ing  back  to  Amer.  to  do  best  work,  later 
writes  can  not  cross  ocean,  635 ;  A.  cables, 
she  comes,  A.  shuts  her  up  to  write  sp.,  pre¬ 
sides  over  Council,  636 ;  at  receptions,  pres, 
delegates  to  Pres.  Cleveland,  compli.  from 
Baltimore  Sun  and  N.  Y.  World,  her  way  of 
presiding,  637  ;  sp.  and  let.  of  Miss  Willard, 
638 ;  speakers  acknowledge  pers.  indebted¬ 
ness  to  A.,  chmn.  of  meet,  to  form  perma¬ 
nent  councils,  made  Vice-Pres.  Natl.  Coun¬ 
cil,  639;  ad.  Senate  Com.,  praise  from  Mrs. 
S.  E.  Sewall,  Mr.  Blackwell,  no  desire  for 
rest,  at  Boston  festival,  640;  in  Central 
Music  Hall  at  Chicago,  recep.  by  Woman’s 
Club,  at  Natl.  Repub.  Con.,  Chicago,  urges 
women  to  go  to  these  cons.,  calls  on  Gen. 
Harrison,  641;  open  letter  to  him  on  “free 
ballot”  plank,  makes  four  years’  financ. 
rep.  of  Natl.  Assn.,  642 ;  publishes  without 
authority  of  assn.,  restive  under  “red  tape,” 
“Andrew  Jackson  responsibility,”  poorest 
women  want  report,  vast  amount  of  work, 
at  W.  C.  T.  U.,  Centennial,  Columbus  O., 
not  well  reed.,  no  little  graves  in  speech,  643 ; 
begins  again  with  Slayton  Bureau,  Rachel 
Foster’s  marriage,  young  workers  throw 
away  all  plans  when  they  marry,  A.’s  disap¬ 
point.,  644;  forms  friendship  with  Rev.  A. 
H.  Shaw,  old  friends  pass  away*  new  ones 
come,  645;  in  Wash,  preparing  for  con., 
little  speeches,  Six  O’clock  Club,  647 ;  on 
“Rbt.  Elsmere,”  spks.  in  Cin’ti,  Commer¬ 
cial-Gazette  compli.,  guest  of  Burnet  House, 
“more  calls  than  Mrs.  Hayes,”  namesake 
Susie  B.  drowned,  648;  hastens  to  Leav., 
spks.  in  Ark.,  Jefferson  City,  recep.  in  St. 
Louis,  not  able  to  ad.  Catholics,  vicar-gen. 
favors,  spks.  in  Leav.  municipal  campn., 
649 ;  brother  defeated  for  mayor,  grief  over 
death  of  Susie  B.,  hurt  of  breaking  branch 
from  tree,  ui’ges  no  heartbreak  when  she 
dies,  spirits  of  loved  ones  will  forgive,  at 
Indpls.  Classical  School,  650;  at  Adaline 
Thomson’s,  recep.  at  Park  Hotel,  New  York, 
newspapers  criticise  velvet  dress  and  point 


lace,  spks.  in  Rochester  and  Warren,  651, 
and  Akron,  O.,  denies  report  that  she  had 
renounced  worn,  suff.,  attends  wedding  of 
niece  Helen  Louise  Mosher,  rec.  let.  from 
Maria  Deraismes,  652;  at  Mt.  McGregor, 
Grant  relics  condemned,  waiter  at  Ft.  Wm. 
Henry,  trip  with  niece  Maude,  ad.  Seidl 
Club,  Coney  Island,  653;  “Broadbrim”  pays 
trib.,  visits  Mrs.  Stn.  at  Hempstead,  M. 
Louise  Thomas,  legacy  of  $500  from  Mrs. 
Hamilton,  Ft.  Wayne,  tells  Mrs.  Avery  not 
to  work  during  husband’s  vacation,  654 ;  at 
Wichita  con.,  objects  to  God  in  suff.  plat., 
at  Ind.  Suff.  Con.  uncertain  how  women 
wd.  vote  on  liquor  question,  visit  with  H. 
Hosmer,  655 ;  “Bethany  Homes,”  at  Duluth, 
goes  to  S.  Dak.,  lets,  of  invitat.,  656;  minis¬ 
ter  explains  to  Almighty  evils  of  orig.  pack¬ 
ages,  A.  canvasses  State,  ad.  Farmers’  Alli¬ 
ance,  Prohibs.  keep  worn.  suff.  in  back¬ 
ground,  presents  Hist.  Worn.  Suff.  to  every 
town,  657 ;  plans  winter’s  work  in  S.  Dak., 
nephew  describes  her  lecture  in  Ann  Ar¬ 
bor,  at  Toronto,  spks.  every  night  for  three 
months,  658;  “Andrew  Jackson-like”  action 
in  engaging  hall  at  WTash.,  immense  work 
for  S.  Dak.,  makes  eight  women  life  mem¬ 
bers  of  Natl.  Assn.,  659;  Justice  Fuller  fails 
to  discover  women,  work  for  Columbian 
Expo.,  death  of  friends,  Mrs.  Mendenhall 
leaves  her  $1,000,  Washington  Star  compli., 
660;  at  Riggs  House,  objects  to  having 
tickets  sold  for  birthday  banquet,  663 ;  wd. 
use  money  for  S.  Dak.,  wants  everybody  to 
have  compli.  ticket  and  be  invited  to  speak, 
description  of  banquet,  664;  accts.  Wash. 
Star  and  N.  Y.  Sun,  toasts  by  Couzins,  Shaw, 
665;  Gage,  Colby,  Chant,  Parker,  Hinck¬ 
ley,  Rbt.  Purvis,  Mrs.  Lawrence,  Mrs. 
Blatch,  J.  A.  Pickier,  666,  Mrs.  Stn.,  667 ; 
poems  by  H.  Hosmer,  A.  W.  Brotherton, 
E.  B.  Herbert,  I.  B.  Hooker,  her  response, 
cd.  have  accomplished  little  alone,  obliga¬ 
tions  to  Mrs.  Stn.,  to  family  and  friends, 
lets.,  etc.,  from  L.  Stone,  668;  Whittier,  F. 
E.  Willard,  Curtis,  Garrison,  Hoar,  Reed, 
669 ;  O.  Brown,  Logan,  Gannett,  Palmer, 
Nordhoff,  Carpenter,  Dow,  670;  Dawes,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Powderly,  Barry,  Colby,  Johns, 
Cummings,  671 ;  dinner  to  relatives  at  Riggs 
House,  presents,  trib.  of  Boston  Traveller, 
A.’s  theory  of  life,  distinguished  contem¬ 
poraries,  gift  to  P.  Couzins,  672 ;  trib.  of 
Roch.  Dem.  and  Chronicle,  allied  with  all 
good  causes,  673 ;  urges  friends  to  come  to 
union  of  assns.,  keep  platform  broad,  not 
annex  to  W.  C.  T.  U.,  struggle  to  secure 
Mrs.  Stn.’s  presence,  arranges  hearing  be¬ 
fore  Cong.  Corns.,  674;  presides  at  Natl. -Am. 
Con.,  pride  in  H.  Stanton  Blatch,  pledges 


INDEX. 


1035 


money  and  work  for  S.  Dak.,  made  chmn. 
com.,  675;  remains  in  Wash,  looking  after 
Cong.  Corns.,  incorporating  assn.,  paying 
bills,  sees  Wy.  admitted,  Mary  Grew  con¬ 
gratulates,  L.  Stone  authorizes  to  settle 
bills,  Mrs.  Livermore  says  A.  wd.  give  a 
million  to  suff.,  676;  her  winters  in  Wash, 
help  worn,  suff.,  entertained  by  McLean’s, 
attends  Cobweb  Club,  Mrs.  Hearst  approves 
speech,  wd.  rather  face  audience  than  re¬ 
ception,  Ad.  Johnson  makes  bust,  dreads  to 
start  out,  677 ;  orthodox  not  careful  about 
feelings  of  liberals,  pre-natal  influence,  joy 
at  birth  of  Mrs.  Avery’s  daughter,  mother’s 
gratitude,  678;  attends  nephew’s  wedding, 
reaches  S.  Dak.,  lets,  begging  her  to  come, 
homesick  for  Washington,  but  duty  first, 
679;  ability  to  raise  money,  680;  sends  $300 
for  prelim,  work,  offers  Miss  Shaw’s  serv¬ 
ices,  com.  does  not  answer,  makes  out  her 
routes,  writes  for  plan  of  campn,  refuses  to 
put  natl.  funds  into  State  treasury,  can  be 
used  only  for  suff.  work,  681;  ready  to  co¬ 
operate,  cd.  not  wait  longer,  again  refuses 
to  turn  over  money,  people  anxious  for  her 
to  come,  682 ;  will  antagonize  neither  W.  C. 
T.  U.  nor  license  advocates,  measures  all 
by  worn.  suff.  yardstick,  sustained  in  her 
position,  Mrs.  Wallace  will  work  only  under 
her  direction,  683;  com.  send  plan  after  she 
has  started,  cordially  reed.,  Loucks  and 
Wardall  pledge  support  of  Farmers’  Alli¬ 
ance,  684 ;  Farmers’  Alliance  and  Knights  of 
Labor  form  new  party  and  ignore  worn, 
suff.,  A.’s  appeals,  Mrs.  Wallace’s  appre¬ 
ciation,  685 ;  res.  adopted  few  months 
before,  candidate  Loucks,  does  not  men¬ 
tion  worn,  suff.,  dead  issue  in  campn.,  A.’s 
hard  journey,  686 ;  Russians  wear  brewers’ 
badges  “against  S.  B.  A.,”  no  seat  for  her 
in  Repub.  State  Con.,  687  ;  lets,  full  of  hope, 
can  bear  hardships  better  than  young 
women,  buoyed  up  by  friends,  688 ;  not  cast 
down  though  voted  down,  sympathy  from 
J.  Hooker,  C.  Barton  sends  love,  A. 
Shaw  feels  her  inspiration,  A.  sleeps 
in  sod  houses,  689 ;  Cong.  shd.  appro¬ 
priate  money  to  irrigate,  instead  of  sending 
com.,  twenty  miles  between  meet.,  stam¬ 
peded  by  cyclones,  Russian  sheriff  wants  to 
help  her,  rides  in  old  stage, 690;  “humanity 
at  low  ebb,”  gets  into  poor  hotel,  “laughs 
like  other  people,”  at  Madison  telegram 
announces  admission  of  Wyo.,  makes  great 
speech,  691 ;  “  better  lose  me  than  lose 
State,”  experience  with  crying  child,  woman 
insulted  on  account  of  motherhood,  692; 
drunken  man  illustrates  men’s  govt.,  393 ;  at 
Deadwood,  694 ;  contributes  services,  draws 
from  own  bank  account,  Mrs.  Catt’s  trib.  to 


her  unselfishness,  endorsed  by  S.  Dak.  W.  C. 
T.  U.,  695,  and  Suff.  Assn.,  aged  many  years 
by  campn.,  696;  accepts  defeat  philosoph¬ 
ically,  at  Neb.  and  Kan.  Suff.  Cons.,  in 
Leav.  and  Ft.  Scott,  urged  by  Rev.  Mann 
to  visit  Omaha,  697  ;  at  Mrs.  Sewall’s  plan¬ 
ning  Wash.  con.,  Worn.  Council  and  World’s 
Fair  work,  at  Rochester,  recep.  by  P.  E. 
Club,  State  Suff.  Con.,  goes  to  Wash.,  698; 
requests  women  to  celebrate  admission  of 
Wy.,  699;  anxious  for  suff.  headqrs.  in 
Wash.,  assists  Wimodaughsis,  loss  of 
friends,  700 ;  ill  in  Boston,  taken  to  Garri¬ 
sons’,  let.  from  L.  Stone  and  invitation  to 
attend  Mass.  Suff.  Annivers.,  701 ;  invita¬ 
tions  from  Pillsbury  and  Mrs.  White, 
hastens  to  Wash.,  vice-pres.  Triennial  of 
Worn.  Council,  reads  Mrs.  Stn.’s  paper,  702; 
Miss  Willard  introduces  A.  as  one  of  the 
double  stars,  too  happy  to  speak,  anxious 
all  shd.  be  heard,  presides  at  natl.  suff. 
con.,  reads  Mrs.  Stn.’s  paper,  presents  L. 
Stone,  trib.  of  M.  Bottome,  703;  unani¬ 
mously  elect,  vice-pres.-at-large, determined 
let.  from  English  Suff.  Soc.  shall  be  read  in 
Senate,  succeeds  through  Sen.  Blair,  break¬ 
fast  by  Sorosis,  gives  recep.  for  A.  Besant, 
lets,  from  ex-Sec.  McCulloch,  F.  Balgarnie, 
704;  dines  with  McCulloch,  recep.  by  Mrs. 
Avery,  leaves  Riggs  House  forever  as  home, 
at  Warren  and  Painesville,  O.,  at  Hartford 
with  Mrs.  Hooker,  entertained  by  Whitings, 
describes  log  cabin,  705,  Mt.  Holyoke,  old 
homestead  at  Adams,  arrives  home,  goes  to 
housekeeping,  decides  to  direct  natl.  work 
from  home,  Mrs.  Stn.  approves,  706 ;  P.  E. 
Club  and  friends  furnish  house,  Roch.  Her¬ 
ald  describes  recep.,  cousin  Charles  Dickin¬ 
son  presents  $300,  707;  describes  visit  to 
Mrs.  Banker  in  Adirondacks,  trip  to  John 
Brown’s  cabin  and  grave,  condemns  his  exe¬ 
cution,  Worn.  Suff.  Day  at  Chautauqua,  708 ; 
guest  of  Ignorance  Club,  ad.  W.  C.  T.  U., 
opposed  to  third  parties,  suggests  ministers 
be  disfranchised,  prayer  by  action,  at  Chau¬ 
tauqua,  “Arnold  Winkelreid  among  worn.” 
Miss  Willard  congrat.,  at  Hooker  golden 
wedding,  “no  speeches,”  709;  at  Lily  Dale, 
beautiful  camp,  love  of  domestic  life,  hos¬ 
pitality,  710 ;  how  friends  were  entertained 
in  new  home,  at  Warsaw,  at  West.  N.  Y. 
Fair,  woman’s  opinion  will  not  be  respected 
until  counted  at  ballot-box,  generosity  to 
young  speakers,  711;  urges  Mrs.  Stn.  to 
share  her  new  home  and  put  her  own  writ¬ 
ings  in  shape,  A  “has  no  writings,”  712 ;  en¬ 
tertains  Mrs.  Stn.  for  month,  has  Ad.  John¬ 
son  make  bust,  entertains  P.  E.  Club,  de¬ 
mands  Roch.  Univers.  be  opened  to  women, 
cartoon  in  Utica  Herald.  A.  and  Mrs.  Stn 

• 


1036 


INDEX. 


always  stir  up  controversy,  713 ;»  visits  E. 
W.  Osborne,  joins  Emerson  and  Browning 
classes,  forgets  invitations,  compli.  of  Au¬ 
burn  Advertiser,  spks.  at  Thanksgiving 
service  in  Unitarian  ch.,  Rock.,  714;  not 
easy  to  remain  home,  Mrs.  Johns  urges  to 
come  to  Kan.,  will  get  no  wounds  there, 
Mrs.  Avery  joins  in  plea,  A.  agrees,  715; 
keeps  eye  on  Cong.  Corns.,  encouraging  lets, 
from  Dolph,  Reed,  Warren,  716 ;  stops  for 
Mrs.  Stn.  on  way  to  Wash,  con.,  elected 
pres.  natl.  assn.,  717;  presid.  over  con.,  ad. 
Cong.  Corns.,  first  hearing  before  Demo, 
com.,  recep.  in  Wash.,  no  home  in  city, 
does  not  linger,  718 ;  renewed  appeals  from 
Kan.  friends,  precious  days  at  home,  insists 
she  has  no  literary  ability,  refers  all  eds.  to 
Mrs.  Stn.,  Anthony  lot  in  cemetery,  ad.  N.Y. 
legis.,  719;  opening  World’s  Fair  on  Sun¬ 
day,  at  Bradford,  Penn.,  at  Ketcham  silver 
wedding,  at  biennial  Worn.  Fed.  Clubs, 
Chicago,  popularity  with  audience,  720; 
business  com.  Worn.  Council,  sits  for  bust 
by  L.  Taft,  amusing  corres.  between  A., 
Miss  Willard  and  Taft,  shd.  be  made  by 
woman,  721 ;  her  bust  shall  be  in  Senate 
and  White  House,  it  pleases  Miss  W.,  at 
Salem,  O.,  reads  Emily  Robinson’s  paper, 
approves  South.  Worn.  Council,  722;  each 
section  shd.  have  con.,  at  Minneapolis  Natl. 
Repub.  Con.,  writes  plank,  kept  waiting 
till  9  o’clock,  Foraker  refuses  to  hear  her, 
Sen.  Jones  comes  to  relief,  723;  ad.  com.  as 
Abolitionist  and  loyal  woman,  com.  assure 
they  believe  in  her  cause  but  party  can  not 
carry  load,  724;  at  Demo.  Natl.  Con.,  Chi¬ 
cago,  presents  plank,  bowed  out,  Miss  Wil¬ 
lard  describes  her  at  cons.,  one  day  all 
women  will  call  her  blessed,  725  ;  not  neces¬ 
sary  to  go  to  Prohib.  Con.,  at  Kan.  Repub. 
Con.,  worn.  suff.  amend,  endorsed,  at  Oma¬ 
ha  Popu.  Con.,  at  working  worn,  meet.,  726 ; 
Popu.  Con.  refuse  to  allow  women  to  ad. 
them,  but  declare  for  equal  rights,  at  Bea¬ 
trice,  Dr.  Vincent  invites  to  speak  at  Chau¬ 
tauqua,  declines,  goes  later  to  hear  debate 
between  A.  Shaw  and  Dr.  Buckley,  727 ; 
sits  on  plat.,  at  Miss.  Valley  Conf.  at  Des 
Moines,  ad.  Neb.  Norm.  Sch.  in  Peru,  be¬ 
gins  tour  of  Kan.  on  Repub.  plat.,  speaking 
for  worn,  suff.,  728;  at  N.  Y.  Con.,  Syracuse, 
shows  how  some  women  now  compli.  by 
press  were  formerly  abused  by  it,  farewell 
telegram  from  F.  Willard  and  Lady  Somer¬ 
set,  729;  ministers  at  thanksgiving  serv. 
forget  to  recog.  women,  “hard  work  to  keep 
her  peace,"  ad.  ladies’  acad.  at  Buffalo, 
law  giving  worn,  school  suff.  a  failure,  ap¬ 
pointed  on  Board  of  Managers,  St.  Indus. 
Sch.  by  Gov.  Flower,  730;  reappointed  by 


Gov.  Morton,  Democrat  and  Chronicle  de¬ 
scribes  her  pride,  ad.  people  of  Roch.  on 
new  charter,  reasons  why  women  shd.  have 
municipal  suff.,  731 ;  effect  in  other  places, 
defeated  by  close  vote,  Mrs.  Greenleaf  ex¬ 
presses  indignation,  732 ;  ad.  Monroe  Co. 
teachers,  lets,  from  New  Zealand  and  other 
foreign  countries,  face  carved  on  theatre, 
Dowagiac,  J.  B.  Thacher  asks  father’s  rec¬ 
ord,  733;  N.  Y.  Art  Assn,  desires  to  make 
statue  of  A.,  represent,  reform.,  Phil.  Schuy¬ 
ler  objects  to  placing  stepmother  by  side 
of  A.,  <34 ;  declares  it  outrage  on  her  mem¬ 
ory,  Justice  Peckham  decides  agnst. 
Schuyler  and  pays  trib.  to  character  of  A., 
735;  overwhelmed  with  work,  at  Wash, 
con.,  reads  trib.  to  dead,  737 ;  opposes  hold¬ 
ing  natl.  con.  outside  of  Wash.,  defeated, 
738 ;  re-elected  pres.,  receps.  by  Mrs.  Green- 
leaf,  Mrs.  Waite,  visits  Mrs.  Stn.,  at  War¬ 
saw,  birthday  recep.  at  Rev.  Gannett’s,  gift 
of  Thurlow  Weed’s  granddaughter,  writes 
Mrs.  Avery,  “just  ten  years  since  we  went 
gypsying,”  Blaine  shd.  have  been  Repub. 
leader,  739 ;  arranges  meet,  for  Mrs.  Sewall, 
tour  of  Mich.,  newspaper  comment,  ad. 
House  of  Rep.,  vote  on  municipal  suff.  fo^ 
women,  lets,  from  South,  from  Italy,  from 
wage-earning  women,  wdde  range  of  invitat., 
740 ;  never  had  writing  desk  or  stenog.,  can 
say  with  Gladstone,  have  helped  humanity, 
spks.  for  worn.  World’s  Fair  Com.,  Cinti., 
urges  women  to  organize,  work  or  contrib¬ 
ute  money,  gifts  from  pers.  friends  “to  keep 
pot  boiling,”  741;  opening  of  Columbian 
Expo.,  compli.  Mrs.  Palmer’s  ad.,  A.’s  part 
in  World’s  Fair,  742;  determined  women 
shd.  participate,  stands  behind  worn,  corns., 
prepares  petit,  to  Cong.,  Board  of  Lady 
Manag.,  743;  her  prompt  action  secured 
board,  careful  not  to  embarrass  Mrs.  Pal¬ 
mer,  latter’s  courtesy,  744 ;  in  full  sympa¬ 
thy,  745;  central  fig.  at  Woman’s  Cong., 
audiences  insist  on  her  speaking,  post  of 
honor  assigned  her,  Mrs.  Sewall’s  testi¬ 
mony,  746 ;  no  woman  so  honored  on  acct,  of 
personal  work,  tribs.  of  F.  Willard,  Lady 
Somerset,  747;  suff.  at  Worn.  Cong.,  lets, 
from  Mr.  Bonney,  Mrs.  Palmer,  Mrs.  Hen- 
rotin,  asked  to  spk.  in  many  Congs.,  takes  no 
part  in  dissens.  of  women,  seconds  all  Mrs. 
Palmer’s  efforts,  748;  spks.  at  noon-hour 
meet.,  can  not  furnish  writ,  report,  spks. 
on  Relig.  Press,  managers  uneasy,  749; 
speech  causes  sensation,  chmn.  apologizes, 
audience  leaves  with  A.,  welcomes  Gov’t 
Cong,  on  behalf  Civ.  Serv.  Com.,  visits  Mes- 
dames  Coonley,  Sewall,  Gross,  750 ;  luncheon 
to  Internat.  Council,  at  Harvey,  Blooming¬ 
ton,  Ill.,  Topeka,  Rochester,  Hempstead, 


INDEX. 


1037 


reads  Mrs.  Stn.’s  paper  before  Educat. 
Cong.,  last  sight  of  White  City,  gifts  from 
Mrs.  Gross,  Mrs.  Coonley,  farewell  from 
Inter-Ocean,  751 ;  most  honored  of  all 
women,  ready  to  go  to  Col.  if  needed,  752 ; 
rec.  tele,  announcing  worn.  suff.  amend, 
cax-ried  in  that  State,  N.  Y.  con.  in  Brooklyn, 
ad.  New  Century  Club,  at  Penn,  con.,  Fore¬ 
mothers’  dinner,  Ethical  Worn.  Conf.,  New 
York,  arranges  two  State  campns.,  scope  of 
invitations,  753;  lets,  from  Tourgee,  Helen 
Webster,  advice  to  Kan.  worn,  as  to  work 
for  coming  campn.,  prepares  for  N.  Y. 
campn.,  754;  Wash.  cons,  run  like  thread 
through  life,  at  Ann  Arbor,  hospitality  of 
Mrs.  Hall,  755 ;  25th  annivers.  at  Toledo,  in 
Baltimore,  in  Wash.,  756;  acknowl.  present 
of  silk  flag  from  worn,  of  Wyo.  and  Col., 
birthday  flowers,  advantage  of  northern  and 
southern  women  coming  together  at  natl. 
cons.,  no  politics,  no  creed,  757 ;  Chicago 
Jour,  comments  on  re-elect,  as  pres,  “most 
remark.,  product  of  century,”  at  suff.  hear¬ 
ing,  a  new  member  asks  why  worn,  have  not 
gone  to  cong.  corns,  before,  758 ;  Repubs.  wd. 
not  nominate  worn.  dele,  to  N.  Y.  Consti. 
Con.,  759;  her  home  devoted  to  campn. 
work,  interview  with  Dana  on  number  of 
women  who  shd.  petit,  for  ballot,  760 ;  maps 
outroutes  and  spks.  in  every  county  in  N.  Y., 
761 ;  mass  meet,  in  Rochester,  A.’s  happi¬ 
ness,  at  Syracuse,  Buffalo,  remarkable  tour 
of  meet,  in  four  States  at  74,  762 ;  travels 
100  mi.  a  day,  spks.  six  nights  a  week,  very 
chain-gang  influence  Consti.  Con.,  rec.  be¬ 
quest  Eliza  J.  Clapp,  applies  all  to  suff. 
work,  ad.  to  N.  Y.  women,  763;  opinion  of 
remonstrants  agnst.  worn,  suff.,  wd.  make 
govt,  an  aristocracy,  766 ;  ad.  suff.  com.  N.  Y. 
Consti t.  Con.,  opposed  by  Mr.  Choate,  767 ; 
on  platform,  768 ;  gave  serv.  even  travelling 
expenses,  trib.  of  Mrs.  Greenleaf,  outwitted 
by  politicians,  772 ;  not  crushed  but  plans 
another  campn.  when  coming  out  of  con., 
congrat.  lets,  from  Isa.  Charles  Davis, 
H.  B.  Blackwell,  guest  of  Howlands  in 
Catskills,  calls  on  F.  Willard  and  Lady 
Somerset  at  Eagle’s  Nest,  at  Keuka  Col¬ 
lege,  Cassadaga  Lake,  suff.  people  fear  to 
thank  Spiritualists,  773 ;  incorrect  report  in 
Buffalo  Express,  appeals  to  polit.  State 
cons.,  five  min.  before  resolu.  com.  at 
Repub.  con.,  Saratoga,  Miss  Willard’s  de¬ 
scription,  774;  at  Demo,  con.,  women  not 
wanted,  continues  work  thro,  hot  weather, 
Col.  women  invite  to  their  first  4th  of  July, 
775;  ad.  Girl’s  Norm.  Sch.,  Phila  ,  starts  to 
Kan.,  776;  urged  to  come,  sends  Mrs.  Johns 
a  plan  of  campn.,  necessity  for  party  en¬ 
dorse.,  777 ;  suspects  Kan.  politicians  trying 


to  influence  women,  objects  to  Mrs.  Johns 
being  pres.  Repub.  club,  778 ;  scores  Repubs, 
for  proposing  to  leave  worn.  suff.  plank  out 
of  plat.,  779;  sends  official  let,  to  Kan. 
Worn.  Suff.  Com.  showing  trickery  of  poli¬ 
ticians  and  uselessness  of  trying  to  secure 
worn,  suff.without  party  help,  woman  must 
not  surrender,  781,  782;  received  300  lets, 
during  Kan.  campn.,  shows  Repub.  leaders 
worn.  suff.  w7d.  give  them  new  lease  of  life, 
783 ;  women  who  yield  help  sell  Kan.  back 
to  whiskey  power,  leaves  N.  Y.  for  Kan., 
opens  campn.  at  Kansas  City,  demands 
Repub.  and  Popu.  endorsement,  both  chil¬ 
dren  of  grand  old  party,  784 ;  opposit.  of 
women,  speaks  at  Leav.,  and  Topeka,  re¬ 
turns  to  N.  Y.,  at  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  returns 
to  Kan.,  Rep.  Worn.  Con.  compelled  to  ask 
State  con.  for  plank,  785 ;  refused  permis. 
to  address  Repub.  State  Con.,  pleads  cause 
of  worn,  before  res.  com.,  rejected,  candi¬ 
dates  admit  alliance  with  whiskey  ring, 
will  sink  State  on  moral  issues,  786 ;  ad. 
suff.  mass  meet,  in  Topeka,  tries  for  en¬ 
dorse.  by  Popu.  Con.,  787 ;  ad.  that  body, 
asked  if  she  will  support  Popu.  party,  re¬ 
plies  “Yes,”  wild  scene  in  con.,  rest  of  sen¬ 
tence  not  heard,  788;  789;  shakes  hands 
with  delegates,  soldier  pins  Popu.  badge 
on  her  dress,  Prohib.  con.  telegraphs  worn, 
suff.  adopted,  she  sends  greeting,  790 ;  storm 
of  denunciation  for  endorsing  Popu.,  pre¬ 
fers  justice  to  women  to  financial  wisdom, 
explains  posit,  in  Roch.  Demo,  and  Chron., 
stands  only  on  suff.  plank,  Popu.  make 
honest  protest,  791 ;  difference  in  treatment 
of  women  by  Kan.  Repubs,  and  Popu.,  792; 
comfort  from  Wm.  Lloyd  Garrison,  A.  be¬ 
lieves  in  protecting  home  products,  all 
creeds  and  politics  insignificant  compared 
to  principle  of  equal  rights,  defends  Popu. 
of  Kan.  and  shows  treachery  and  corrup¬ 
tion  of  Repubs.,  793;  Repub.  chmn.  Cyrus 
Leland  declines  offer  to  speak,  she  asks 
Popu.  chmn.  Breidenthal  to  announce  she 
will  speak  only  on  suff.  plank,  794;  Mrs. 
Diggs  says  Popu.  want  her  to  speak  on 
suff.  plank  in  Kan.,  795,  makes  tour  of 
State,  sees  no  hope  for  amend.,  donates 
year’s  work  to  Kan.,  brother  D.  R.  fur* 
nishes  passes,  796 ;  suff.  defeated,  keen  dis¬ 
appoint.,  hopes  for  Kan.,  797 ;  confirmed  in 
belief  partial  suff.  hinders  full  suff.,  798; 
makes  strong  speech  Neb.  con.,  leaves  for 
East,  New  Century  Club  recep.  in  Phila¬ 
delphia,  799;  ad.  N.  Y.  con.  at  Ithaca,  visits 
Cornell,  speaks  to  girls  Sage  College,  close 
of  two  hard  campns.,  full  of  hope  and 
cheer,  introduced  by  F.  Willard  to  W.  C. 
T.  U.,  gospel  meet,  in  Cleveland,  “ordained 


1038 


INDEX. 


of  God,”  800 ;  material  outweigh  moral  in¬ 
terests,  men  in  reforms  handicapped  by 
disfranchis.  women,  might  as  well  be  dogs 
baying  moon,  Natl.  Amer.  Bus.  Com.  enter¬ 
tained  by  Mrs.  Southworth,  her  friendship 
and  generosity,  goes  to  New  York  to  pre¬ 
pare  call  with  Mrs.  Stn.,  801 ;  and  revise 
article  for  cycloped.,  guest  of  Mrs.  Lap- 
ham,  walk  thro.  Central  Park,  lunch  with 
Dr.  Jacobi,  opera  with  Lauterbachs,  Un¬ 
cut  Leaves  Club,  hears  Robt.  Collyer,  visits 
Orange,  Philadelphia,  Somerton,  guest 
Foremother’s  Dinner,  home  for  Christmas, 
802;  Mrs.  Minor  leaves  legacy  $1,000,  Mrs. 
Gross  makes  present  $1-000,  velvet  cloak, 
many  invitations,  requests  for  lectures, 
articles,  woman’s  edition  fever,  803; 
wd.  have  more  interest  in  Y.  M.  C.  A.  if 
they  stood  for  worn,  suff.,  manager  of  print¬ 
ing  house  writes  verse,  let.  Mary  B.  Willard, 
invited  by  Revs.  Jenkyn  Lloyd  Jones,  H. 
W.  Thomas  to  take  part  in  Lib.  Relig. 
Cong.,  804;  Dr.  Thomas  compares  to  Christ, 
urged  to  come  as  Geo.  Washington  went 
into  first  Continent.  Cong.,  relieved  of  part 
of  work  by  younger  women,  confidence  in 
“body  guard,”  805;  urges  old  workers  to 
consult  with  young  ones, strictness  in  financ. 
accts.,  alarm  lest  contribs.  be  omitted,  en¬ 
tertains  friends  New  Year’s,  starts  on  south, 
tour  taking  Mrs.  Catt,  at  the  Clays  in  Lex¬ 
ington,  806 ;  entertained  at  Memphis,  spks. 
to  col’d  people  in  Tabernacle,  at  New  Or¬ 
leans,  Picayune’s  descrip,  of  lect.,807;  at 
Shreveport,  floral  offerings,  trib.  of  Times, 
misses  connect,  for  Jackson,  808 ;  too  “oozed- 
out”  to  speak,  goes  to  Birmingham,  trib.  of 
News,  at  New  Decatur,  Huntsville,  compli. 
of  Tribune,  809;  in  Atlanta,  810;  presides 
over  con.,  reads  Mrs.  Stn.’s  paper,  takes 
charge  mass  meet.,  compli.  of  Constitution, 
Mrs.  Stn.’s  thanks  for  reading  her  papers, 
811;  ad.  Atlanta  Univers.,  etc.,  visits  How¬ 
ards  in  Columbus,  spks.  in  Aiken,  guest 
Martha  Schofield,  in  Columbia,  Pine  Tree 
State  obj.  to  Abolitionism,  in  Culpepper,  in 
Wash.,  812;  75th  birthday  banquet,  Mrs. 
Avery  presents  annuity  from  friends,  A.’s 
surprise,  freed  from  financ.  anxiety,  at 
Worn.  Council,  813;  represents  Govt.  Re¬ 
form,  recep.  by  Mrs.  McLean,  spks.  at  fun¬ 
eral  F.  Douglass,  at  Travel  Club,  lect.  Lin¬ 
coln,  Va.,  death  Adaline  Thomson,  gave  A. 
$1,000,  sends  thanks  to  contribs.  to  annuity 
fund,  814 ;  at  Drexel  Instit.,  visits  Mrs.  Stn., 
goes  to  Police  Court  in  Rochester  to  have 
boys  punished  same  as  girls,  at  lect.  on 
lynching,  tells  audience  col’d  people  treated 
no  better  in  north  than  south,  takes  Miss 
Wells  home  with  her,  815;  discharges  her 


stenog.  because  she  refuses  to  write  Miss 
Wells’  lets.,  impossible  to  refuse  calls  for 
help  in  suff.  work,  resigns  from  Board  St. 
Indus.  Sch.,  her  work  for  School,  816 ;  grati¬ 
tude  of  girls,  arrang.  for  long  journey,  817 ; 
invitations  follow  World’s  Fair,  declines 
one  but  later  accepts  from  Calif.  Worn. 
Cong.,  delight  of  exec,  board,  819;  A.  asks 
permis.  to  bring  Anna  Shaw,  Mrs.  Cooper 
sends  money  for  both,  writes  A.  many  lov¬ 
ing  lets.,  western  towns  want  lect.,  starts 
for  Calif.,  820;  at  Chicago,  meets  H.  Hos- 
mer,  many  interviews,  at  St.  Louis,  Missis. 
Yalley  Cong.,  ovation,  “75  roses,”  banquet, 
at  Denver,  misses  recep.  com.,  at  Boulder, 
821 ;  recep.  by  Worn.  Club,  tribute  Rocky 
Mountain  News,  Col.  women  owe  suffrage 
to  her,  trib.  Times,  all  women  under  obligat. 
to  her,  822 ;  knows  not  what  to  say  to  en¬ 
franchised  women,  lect.  in  Broadway 
Theatre,  ovation,  compliments  men,  at  Sen. 
Carey’s,  Cheyenne,  823;  distinguished  aud. 
in  Mrs.  Stanford’s  private  car,  advises  her 
to  watch  case  before  Sup.  Court,  breakfast 
at  Templeton,  Salt  Lake,  824;  guest  of 
honor  at  Inter-Mountain  Suff.  Con.,  trib. 
Gov.  West,  receps.,  banquet  at  Ogden, 
State  Univers.,  Reno,  825;  spks.  in  opera 
house,  Worn.  Club  recep.,  in  lovely  Calif., 
friends  at  Oakland  ferry,  entertained  by 
Rev.  McLean,  826;  with  Miss  Shaw  in  pul¬ 
pit,  happiness  at  cordial  recep.,  beautiful 
scene  at  Worn.  Cong.,  great  ovation,  827; 
spks.  every  day  of  Cong.,  “princess  blood 
royal,”  828;  immense  audiences,  guest  of 
Mrs.  Sargent,  helps  women  organize  suff. 
campn.,829 ;  ad.Congregat.  ministers’  meet., 
spks.  at  Unit.  Club  dinner,  teach,  institute, 
societies,  Pres.  Jordan  invites  to  Stanford 
Univers.,  Mrs.  Stanford  sends  passes  and 
invites  graduates’  recep.,  830;  social  courte¬ 
sies,  Ebell  Club,  Alameda  Co.  Worn.  Cong., 
in  Yosemite,  big  tree  named  for  her,  831 ; 
lect.  in  San  Jose,  guest  Mrs.  Knox  Good¬ 
rich,  ovation  in  Los  Angeles,  at  River¬ 
side,  Pasadena,  Pomona,  Whittiers,  San 
Diego,  832 ;  recep.  Hotel  Florence,  floral 
offerings,  picnic  at  Olivewood,  day  at  Santa 
Monica,  recep.  Mrs.  Severance,  suff.  meet., 
833 ;  attitude  of  press,  entertained  by 
Emma  Shafter  Howard,  spks.  in  Oakland, 
in  San  Fr.  Zion’s  Chui’ch  to  col’d  people,  at 
ministers’  meet.,  834;  tells  why  they  shd. 
favor  worn,  suff.,  at  Calif.  Suff.  Assn.,  in¬ 
vited  to  take  part  in  4th  of  July  celebra., 
835 ;  rides  in  procession,  makes  short  speech, 
836;  goes  with  Miss  Shaw  to  Oakland,  can 
not  find  audience,  beautiful  farewell,  200 
pages  newspaper  notices,  837 ;  apprecia.  lets, 
from  Calif,  women,  838 ;  suff.  res.  at  Topeka, 


INDEX. 


1039 


throws  eds.  into  hysterics,  Chicago  Herald 
compares  to  Pope,  839 ;  reaches  home  day¬ 
break,  at  Lakeside  has  nervous  prostrat., 
840 ;  papers  prepare  obit.,  friends  and  press 
show  sympathy,  trib.  Wichita  Eagle,  lets, 
from  May,  841 ;  Pillsbury.  Stanton,  Cooper, 
842;  no  idea  of  giving  up  work,  employs 
stenog.,  lect.  bureau  offer  $100  a  night, 
determ,  to  stay  home,  secret  of  vitality,  843 ; 
suff.  will  lessen  unfortunate  mothers,  men 
can  not  be  just  to  each  other  while  unjust 
to  women,  money  enough  if  justly  distribu¬ 
ted,  on  “  bloomers,”  men  troubled  about 
woman’s  dress,  had  to  dress  to  escape  being 
old  maids,  844;  women  must  cease  to  be 
subject  class,  recovers,  goes  to  Ashtabula 
con.,  papers  put  obit,  notices  away,  at  Mrs. 
Stn.’s  80th  birthday,  845 ;  urged  to  be  chmn. 
com.  arrange.,  Mrs.  Blake  insists,  A.  shows 
greater  honor  to  have  Worn.  Council  under¬ 
take  it,  846 ;  Mrs.  Sewall  and  Mrs.  Avery 
obj.,  she  shows  suff.  elephant  must  not 
frighten  outsiders,  writes  hundreds  of  lets, 
to  assist  Mrs.  Dickinson,  criticises  Mrs. 
Stn.’s  speech  on  church,  847 ;  pays  trib.  to 
pioneers,  reads  lets,  and  teleg.,  N.  Y.  Sun 
compli.,  Tilton’s  testimonial,  848;  recep.  by 
Mrs.  Henry  Villard,  Mrs.  Stn.’s  birthday 
celebrated  in  Anthony  home,  gives  all 
workers  full  meed,  trib.  to  Mrs.  Dietrick, 
mother’s  birthday,  849 :  And.  D.  White  pre¬ 
sents  wife,  to  Mrs.  Sewall  on  death  of  hus¬ 
band,  trib.  to  Mrs.  Dickinson,  Mrs.  Stan¬ 
ford,  850;  Wash,  con.,  Utah  admitted  with 
worn,  suff.,  851 ;  Wom.’s  Bible  condemned, 
852;  her  indignat.,  speech  for  freedom  of 
thought,  853;  vote  for  relig.  liberty,  854; 
contemplates  resigning  pres.,  agony  of  soul, 
no  worse  to  criticise  Bible  than  statute 
laws,  855;  penitent  lets,  from  Mrs.  Avery 
and  Mrs.  Upton,  position  in  regard  to  Bible, 
regrets  Mrs.  Stn.  shd.  give  time  to  com¬ 
mentary,  talking  down  to  people,  856; 
women  wd.  be  no  more  superstit.  than  men 
if  had  broad  life,  polit.  rights  lessen  relig. 
bigotry,  refuses  to  put  prohib.  or  Bible  lit¬ 
erature  into  Calif,  campn.,  claims  freedom 
of  belief  for  all,  857 ;  at  Mrs  Grant’s  70th 
birthday,  “  Nelly  Bly  ”  interview  in  N.  Y. 
World,  Cuba,  858;  immortality,  eternity, 
prayer,  marriage,  flowers,  music,  art,  favor¬ 
ite  motto,  bicycling,  859 ;  new  woman  needs 
common  sense,  cd.  not  give  up  freedom  for 
marriage,  76th  birthday  celebrat.  by  Roch. 
P.  E.  Club,  ad.  col’d  people  at  Bath,  ar- 
rang.  to  write  biog.,  860;  appeals  for  help 
in  Calif,  campn.,  lets,  from  Mrs.  Sargent, 
Mrs.  Cooper,  accepts,  Harriet  Cooper  sends 
money,  861 ;  Rev.  and  Mrs.  Gannett  raise 
money  to  send  her  sec.  with  her,  starts  for 


Calif.,  stops  Ann  Arbor,  Chicago,  statuette 
by  Bessie  Potter,  at  Worn.  Club,  San  Diego, 
Friday  Morning  Club,  Los  Angeles,  praise 
from  Alice  Moore  McComas,  at  San  Fran¬ 
cisco,  directs  campn.  from  Sargent  resi¬ 
dence,  862;  on  St.  Central  Com.,  863;  makes 
lists  of  all  towns  to  have  cons.,  in  Sargent 
home,  864 ;  visits  eds.  of  all  San  Francisco 
dailies  with  Mrs.  Harper,  cordial  recep., 
866 ;  Examiner  offers  column  on  ed.  page,  A. 
Alls  it  during  campn.,  pleads  with  ed. 
Hearst  to  bring  paper  out  for  worn,  suff., 
867 ;  ed.  Monitor  will  not  see  her,  868 ; 
refuses  to  remain  for  campn.  unless  polit. 
part,  endorse  suff.  amend.,  at  Repub.  State 
Con.,  869;  interviews  in  Examiner,  before 
res.  com.,  870;  trib.  from  Mrs.  Duniway, 
Mrs.  McCann,  prepares  for  Popu.  con.,  871 ; 
enthusiastic  recep.  at  con.,  at  Prohib.  con., 
at  Demo,  con.,  872;  ad.  res.  com.  for  two 
minutes,  873 ;  rebukes  con.  for  action  on 
worn.  suff.  plank,  at  ratiflcat.  meet,  in  San 
Fr.,  874,  875 ;  immense  amt.  of  labor  during 
campn.,  Cent.  Club  breakfast,  social  court¬ 
esies,  Ebell  Club,  Oakland,  Fabiola  Fete, 
876 ;  other  invitat.,  up  Mt.  Tamalpais,  hard¬ 
ships  of  campn.,  no  complaint,  at  Worn. 
Cong.,  Portland,  social  events  in  Seattle, 
877 ;  ad.  Repub.,  Popu.,  and  Demo,  ratiflcat. 
meet,  in  San  Fr.,  homesickness,  longs  to 
help  Idaho,  878;  objects  to  “still  hunt,” 
people  can  not  understand  her  on  all  plat¬ 
forms,  needs  Mrs.  Stn.’s  help,  sends  res.  to 
Natl.  Repub.  Con.,  879;  indignat,  and  con¬ 
tempt  at  plank  adopted,  holds  her  peace, 
880;  triumphal  tour  of  South.  Calif.,  spks. 
from  car  plat.,  urges  Miss  Willard  not  to 
hold  W.  C.  T.  U.  con.  in  Calif.,  881 ;  let.  to 
Mrs.  Peet  on  subject,  shd.  offend  no  voters, 
honors  rec.  from  W.  C.  T.  U.,  882;  no  con- 
sidera.  from  Repub.  Cent.  Com.  “too  many 
bonnets,”  883;  at  “Tom  Reed”  rally,  885; 
photo,  given  for  pledges,  889;  scenes  wit¬ 
nessed  in  elect,  booths,  sympathy  for  Calif, 
worn.  891 ;  donates  own  services  and  those 
of  sec.,  trib.  to  Calif,  worn.,  their  remem¬ 
brances,  meets  with  State  Assn.,  892 ;  ova¬ 
tion,  leaves  for  East,  893 ;  at  Reno,  Kansas 
City,  perfect  physical  condit.,  banq.  by 
Roch.  P.  E.  Club,  N.  Y.  State  Con.,  Natl. 
Worn.  Council,  Boston,  visits  in  that  local¬ 
ity,  895;  Mrs.  Chace’s  90th  birthday,  ad. 
R.  I.  Suff.  Con.,  in  Eddy  homestead  tells 
Mrs.  Stn.  of  Calif,  campn.,  funeral  Maria 
Porter,  securing  reminis,  for  biog.,  hon. 
member  Chi.  Worn.  Club,  Maj.  Pond’s 
compli.,  offers  $100  for  lecture,  896;  never 
denies  charges,  urges  women  not  to  scram¬ 
ble  for  office,  Book  of  Prov.  not  much  help 
in  securing  justice  to  women,  constancy  of 


1040 


INDEX. 


purpose,  897 ;  with  ballot  women  wd.  be 
vital  force,  women  can  not  help  polit. 
parties,  objects  to  calling  God  author  of 
civil  gov.,  cd.  better  do  God’s  work  if  had 
money,  898 ;  men  trying  to  lift  themselves 
by  bootstraps,  no  time  to  speculate  on 
future  life,  opposed  to  educat.  and  prop¬ 
erty  suff.,  think  of  dead  as  when  at  best  in 
life,  899 ;  trib.  of  Dr.  H.  W.  Thomas,  at 
Geneva,  gifts  from  Mrs.  Orr,  Mrs.  Gross, 
Mrs.  Hussey,  greet,  from  Mrs.  Henrotin, 
John  W.  Hutchinson,  900;  Mrs.  Dickinson, 
F.  Willard  invites  to  visit  at  Castile,  ad. 
patients  Green  sanitar.,  at  lunch,  ex.  com. 
St.  Fed.  Clubs,  arranges  lect.  for  Mrs. 
Stetson,  starts  for  natl.  con.  at  Des  Moines, 
thinks  longingly  of  Wash.,  801;  sleeps  on 
$6,000  bed,  compli.  Chi.  Worn.  Club,  at  Cal- 
lananhome,  pres,  at  natl.  suff.  con., victories 
in  Utah  and  Idaho,  902;  reporter  dresses 
her  in  royal  purple  and  diamonds,  advan¬ 
tage  of  holding  natl.  cons,  in  Wash.,  Mrs. 
Sewall  gives  recep.  to  legis.  in  her  honor, 
903;  ad.  the  guests,  lunch,  with  Mrs.  Wal¬ 
lace  and  G.  W.  Julian,  recep.  by  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Dean,  ad.  Ind.  Legislature,  arrives 
home,  friendship  for  reporters,  at  Douglass 
birthday  service,  904;  women’s  clubs  of 
Rochester  arrange  77th  birthday  recep.  for 
A.,  comment  of  papers,  905;  trib.  Post  Ex¬ 
press,  Herald  descrip,  of  recep.,  906;  at  the 
recep.,  day  in  Anthony  home,  greetings 
from  individs.  and  assns.,  trib.  Mrs.  Catt,  at 
meet.  Cuban  League,  907 ;  hopes  Cubans 
will  remember  their  women,  eulogy  at 
funeral  of  Mrs.  Humphrey,  urged  not  to 
delay  biog.,  908;  while  in  Calif,  asks  Mrs. 
Harper  to  write  it,  thinks  will  be  little  to 
say,  immense  amt.  of  material,  909;  all 
sorted  and  arranged,  910;  in  attic  work¬ 
rooms,  911 ;  difficult  to  remain  home, 
rec.  callers  Monday  evenings,  dislikes 
role  of  society  or  literary  woman,  913; 
chafes  under  old  records,  “living  with  the 
dead,”  lect.  at  Auburn  forTuskegee  Instit., 
ad.  legis.  com.  at  Albany,  resolves  never  to 
do  it  again,  wants  to  celebrate  sister’s  70th 
birthday,  finds  friends  arranging  for  it,  914 ; 
interview  in  Rochester  Herald,  trib.  to  life 
of  sister  Mary,  personal  obligations,  915; 
happiness  over  party,  Sargent  golden  wed¬ 
ding,  916;  visits  Mrs.  Osborne,  evenings  of 
reminis,  with  Mrs.  Stn.,  reading  of  biog., 
lets,  from  all  parts  of  world,  greatest 
compli.,  medallion  and  souvenir  spoon,  917 ; 
women  can  not  rise  in  revolt  agnst.  fathers 
and  sons,  Mrs.  Besant  and  Theosophy,  busy 
with  work  on  this  planet,  918 ;  thanks  Sup. 
Judges  of  Idaho  for  decision  on  worn,  suff., 
advises  Ky.  Daught.  of  Rev.  to  commemor¬ 


ate  deeds  of  women,  hardships  of  pioneer 
women,  shd.  demand  rights  Rev.  fathers 
fought  for,  honorary  member  Roch.  D.  A.  R., 
919;  woman’s  dependence  on  man  does  not 
win  his  respect,  every  dollar  helps  worn, 
suff.,  women’s  sympathy  easily  aroused, 
do  not  strike  at  root  of  public  evils,  urges 
women  to  work  only  for  full  suff.,  begin 
with  voting  precincts,  920;  opinion  on 
poetry,  Goa  does  not  “punish”  people, 
good  men  form  third  parties  and  play  into 
hands  of  enemy,  921 ;  week  days  sacred  as 
Sunday,  women  shd.  not  ask  for  educat. 
and  property  suff.,  objects  to  idea  of  pers. 
God,  922 ;  he  is  not  respons.  for  human  ills, 
can  not  influence  voters  by  prayer,  telegram 
to  nephew  on  wedding  day,  let.  to  F.  Willard 
on  yellow  journalism  and  prize  fight,  923; 
objects  to  threatening  voters  with  woman’s 
ballot,  Miss  Willard  sends  conciliatory  re¬ 
ply,  urges  her  to  come  to  World’s  and  Natl. 
W.  C.  T.  U.  Cons.,  no  end  of  invitations, 
924;  requests  for  opinions,  amusing  ques¬ 
tions  from  county  offic.,  A.’s  answer,  hon. 
mem.  Cuban  League,  Roch.  Hist.  Soc., 
Ladies  of  Maccabees,  etc.,  never  reed,  one 
dollar  salary  from  Natl.  Suff.  Assn.,  925 ;  nor 
have  any  of  offic.,  visits  Thousand  Islands, 
beautiful  scenes,  starts  for  Adams,  Mass., 
926 ;  at  Geneva,  at  O.  St.  Con.,  Alliance,  ad. 
students  Mt.  Union  Coll.,  S.  J.  May’s  Centen¬ 
nial,  at  Nashville  Expo.,  spks.  in  Worn. 
Bldg.,  hearty  greeting,  927 ;  recep.  by  pres, 
of  Expo.,  compli.  of  American,  entertained 
by  pres.  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  ad.  Lib. 
Cong.  Relig.,  Fiske  Uni  vers.,  N.  Y.  Suff. 
Con.,  Geneva,  criticises  women  for  going 
into  partisan  politics,  defends  “rings,” 
928 ;  “  adroit  statesman  lost  to  world,”  gold, 
wed.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  E.  M.  Moore,  spks. 
Minneap.,  Madison,  Grand  Rapids,  Kala¬ 
mazoo,  Toledo,  ad.  students  Minn.  Univers., 
contrast  bet.  first  canvass  of  N.  Y.  and  pres¬ 
ent  ovations,  929 ;  daily  life  and  habits,  931 ; 
great  amt.  of  exercise,  not  dwelling  on  ills, 
work,  dress,  932;  toilet,  religion,  medical 
practice,  few  visits,  harmonious  life  with 
sister,  home  in  Rochester,  933;  A.  enjoys 
kitchen,  mother’s  wed.  furniture,  old  pict¬ 
ures,  934 ;  bedroom,  study,  daily  mail,  935 ; 
work  as  pres.  Natl.  Suff.  Assn.,  requests 
from  men,  women  and  children,  schools, 
clubs,  libraries,  authors,  eds.,  936;  poets, 

*'  cranks,”  adventurers,  937 ;  let.  from  child, 
slave  to  correspond.,  “  if  young  women  fail, 
octogenarian  will  work  harder,”  938;  trib. 
to  obscure  women,  devoting  closing  yrs.  to 
permanent  fund  for  worn.  suff.  and  Press 
Bureau,  Hist.  Soc.  invites  to  Berkshire, 
939;  official  and  pressing  invit.,  she  in- 


INDEX. 


1041 


vites  nafcl.  suff.  com.  and  other  friends, 
arrang.  for  family  reunion,  “Old  Hive  ” 
swarms,  940;  pres.  suff.  com.  meet,  in 
rooms  where  played  as  child,  941;  lunch 
in  Plunkett’s  Pavilion,  Adams,  pres. 
Hist,  meet.,  pride  and  happiness,  trib.  of 
Mrs.  Catt,  942;  Mrs.  Avery,  Mrs.  Upton, 
compared  to  Galileo,  wd.  turn  Roman  pal¬ 
aces  into  orphan  asylums,  future  pilgrim¬ 
ages  to  birth-place,  943 ;  trib.  Mrs.  Sewall, 
Mrs.  Colby,  love  of  justice,  of  home,  944; 
trib.  of  Anna  Shaw,  tenderness,  charity, 
love,  great,  ideal  life,  945 ;  pres.  Anthony  re¬ 
union,  New  Eng.  dinner,  silent  blessing, 
946;  trip  to  Mt.  Greylock,  A.  gayest  of  party, 
takes  friends  to  all  loved  spots,  Quaker 
meet,  house,  947 ;  own  old  home,  room 
where  born,  worthy  descendant  noble  race, 
task  for  half-century  to  secure  equal  rights 
for  women,  948 ;  contrast  in  condit.  at  be¬ 
gin.  and  end,  her  part,  receives  meed  of  ap- 
precia.,  face  carved  in  capitol  at  Albany, 
949 ;  trib.  of  women,  Mrs.  Sewall’s  analysis, 
“never  forgets,”  F.  Willard’s  testimonial, 
950;  Mrs.  Stn.  describes  grand  life,  dedicates 
Reminiscences  to  A., 951 ;  “steadfast  friend,” 
A.  not  martyr,  enjoyed  work,  retained  self- 
respect,  always  in  good  company,  gov.  by 
philos.  rather  than  emotion,  compared  to 
Napoleon,  Gladstone,  Lincoln,  952;  Garri¬ 
son,  own  individuality,  life’s  serene  evening, 
953;  ad.  to  Lincoln,  “free  women  as  you 
have  slaves,”  957 ;  ad.  on  Reconstruct,  in 
1865,  Johnson’s  proclam,  to  Miss.,  ballot  in 
hand  of  every  loyal  citizen,  960 ;  ad.  to  Cong., 
eloquent  demand  for  woman’s  enfranchis., 
968 ;  newspaper  trib.  on  50th  birthday,  972 ; 
lets,  and  gifts,  974 ;  constitut.  argu.  deliv. 
in  Monroe  and  Ontario  counties,  previous 
to  trial  for  voting,  1873,  proving  from  Fed. 
and  State  constits.,  statutes  and  eminent 
men,  right  of  women  to  franchise,  977 ;  news¬ 
paper  comment  on  trial,  993 ;  scurrilous  re¬ 
ports,  famous  silk  dress,  will  make  charm¬ 
ing  biog.,  995;  Bread  and  Ballot  speech 
deliv.  1870-1880,  996 ;  lect.  on  Social  Purity 
deliv.  in  Chicago,  1875,  1004;  open  let.  to 
Benj.  Harrison  asking  to  interpret  “free 
ballot”  plank  in  Repub.  plat,  as  including 
women,  1013;  Demand  for  Party  Recogni¬ 
tion,  deliv.  in  Kan.,  1894,  1015. 

Anthony,  Susie  B.,  471;  552;  goes  to  Roch. 
with  A.,  609;  drowned,  648. 

Anthony,  William,  947. 

Archer,  Stephen,  A.  hears  preach,  39. 

Arkell,  James,  writes  play,  51. 

Arkell,  William  J.,  51. 

Arnold,  Edwin,  554. 

Arthur,  Chester  A.,  grants  interview  to  A., 
538 ;  rec.  suff.  delegates,  588. 

Ant. — 66 


Ashley,  Rev.  Mr.,  preaches  agnst.  equality 
for  women,  79. 

Atkinson,  Mrs.  Wm.  Y.,  reception  to  suff. 
con.,  810. 

Auclert,  Hubertine,  a.  calls  on,  562. 
Avery,  Dr.  Alida  C.,  accepts  A.’s  services 
for  Colorado,  489;  hospitality,  493;  548; 
work  for  S.  Dak.,  685. 

Avery,  Cyrus  Miller,  marries  Rachel  Fos¬ 
ter,  644 ;  present  to  A.,  707. 

Avery,  Rose  Foster,  678. 

Avery,  Rachel  Foster,  511 ;  arrang.  lect. 
tour  for  A.,  512;  527;  cor.  sec.  Natl.  Assn., 
arrang.  N.  E.  cons.,  535;  538;  541:  manages 
Neb.  campn.,  545;  to  accompany  A.  abroad, 
adopts  name  “Aunt  Susan,”  546;  starts  for 
Europe  with  A.,  550;  on  shipboard,  552; 
553 ;  555 ;  556 ;  558 ;  presented  at  court,  562 ;  564 ; 
565 ;  566 ;  at  Somerville  club,  567 ;  death  of 
mother,  603;  in  Kansas,  625 ;  meets  Stone  in 
Boston,  rec.  plan  of  union  of  two  soc.  and 
list  of  com.,  sec.  of  com.,  628 ;  rec.  list  of  Am. 
com.,  let.  from  A.  urging  union,  629 ;  cor.  sec. 
unit,  assns.,  632;  arr.  internat.  council,  633; 
marries,  public  work,  644;  continues  after 
marriage,  645 ;  664 ;  arranges  birthday  banq. 
for  A.,  664 ;  676 ;  A.  on  pre-natal  influ.,  birth 
of  daught.,  gratitude  to  A.,  678;  sends  A. 
sister’s  furniture,  701 ;  gives  recep.  for  A., 
705 ;  707 ;  urges  A.  to  go  to  Kan.,  715 ;  in  Kan. 
campn.,  gives  $1,000,  719;  721;  at  Chautau¬ 
qua,  727 ;  gift  to  A.,  741 ;  at  opening  World’s 
Fair,  742;  sec.  com.  org.  Worn.  Cong.,  mag¬ 
nitude  of  work,  respons.  for  success,  A.’s 
pride,  745;  753;  802;  secures  annuity  for  A., 
813 ;  wants  A.  to  manage  Stn.  birthday,  847 ; 
favors  res.  against  Worn. Bible,  854 ;  asks  A.’s 
forgiveness,  856 ;  895 ;  at  Des  Moines  con.,  902 ; 
present  to  Mary  Anthony,  916 ;  at  Anthony 
homestead, 940 ;  at  Berkshire  Hist.  meet.  ,943. 
Avery,  Susan  Look,  entertains  A.,  654;  711; 
A.  at  bien.  Fed.  of  Clubs,  720. 

Baker,  Charles  S.,  M.  C.,  favors  admis.  of 
Wy.,  698;  713. 

Baker,  Ellen  S.  registers  and  votes,  424. 
Baker,  Mrs.  George  L.,  832. 

Baker,  Gula,  552. 

Baker,  Dr.  Henry  A.,  Yosemite  with  A.,  831. 
Baker,  Mrs.  P.  C.,  832. 

Baldwin,  Isabel  A.,  meets  A.  at  ferry,  826; 

pres.  Alameda  Co.  suff.  soc.,  865. 

Balgarnie,  Florence,  at  Int’l.  Council,  let. 

704;  in  Kan.  campn.,  719. 

Ballard,  Adelaide,  902. 

Bangs,  Judge,  for  worn.  suff.  in  S.  Dak.,  687. 
Banker,  Henrietta  M.,  708. 

Bannister  County  Supt.,  288. 

Barker,  Rachel,  A.  hears  preach,,  40. 


1042 


INDEX 


Barker,  Mrs.  H.  M.,  nat’l  ass’n  funds  keep 
up  work  iu  S.  Dak.,  680. 

Barker,  Eev.  M.,  suff.  amend,  will  go  by 
default  unless  nat’l  ass’n  helps,  680 ;  681. 

Barnard,  Helen,  edits  campn.  paper,  509. 

Barron,  Mme.  de,  entertains  A.,  561. 

Barrows,  Isabel,  793. 

Barry,  Leonora  M.,on  A.’s  birthday,  671 ;  in 
Col.  campn.,  752. 

Barstow,  Hon.  A.  C.,  87. 

Bartlett,  Rev.  Caroline  J.,  702. 

Bartol,  Emma  J.,  548. 

Barton,  Clara,  unrecognized  by  govt.,  239 ; 
276;  first  appears  at  worn.  suff.  meet.,  313; 
314 ;  496 ;  at  A.’s  birthday  banq.,  665 ;  to  A.  in 
S.  Dak.,  will  help,  689. 

Bascom,  Emma  C.,  548 ;  612. 

Bascom,  Pres.,  friendship  for  A.,  612. 

Bates,  U.  S.,  Atty.-Gen.  Edw.,  citizen  of 
U.  S.  means  memb.  of  nation,  984;  infamous 
decis.,  985. 

Bates,  Fannie,  940. 

Bayne,  Julia  Taft,  poem  on  Greylock,  13. 

Beach,  Rev.  and  Mrs.  J.  C.,  288. 

Beale,  General,  677. 

Beatie,  Mrs. - ,  824. 

Beck,  James  B..  Senator,  opp.  com.  on 
rights  of  worn.,  541. 

Becker,  Lydia  E.,  360;  A.  meets  in  Eng.,  553. 

Beckwith,  P.  D.,  for  equal,  of  worn.,  733. 

Beecher,  Catharine, on  divorce,  332 ;  agnst. 
worn,  suff.,  372 ;  points  out  Mrs.  Woodhull’s 
errors,  378 ;  wishes  she  had  not,  379. 

Beecher,  H.  W.,  praise  of  Berkshire,  2 ;  W. 
R.  sp.  at  Cooper  Insti.,  192;  assists  Worn. 
Loyal  League,  234;  agrees  to  lect.  for  worn, 
suff.  movement,  252 ;  259 ;  on  hay  fever,  263 ; 
describes  manifold  duties,  can  not  work  in 
organizations,  274;  sp.  on  pressing  woman’s 
claims  at  once,  276 ;  279 ;  endorses  worn, 
suff.,  284;  290;  308;  pres.  Am.  Suff.  Assn., 
328 ;  how  to  make  audience  laugh  and  cry, 
334 ;  346 ;  347  ;  marriage  of  Richardson  and 
Mrs.  McFarland,  351 ;  373 ;  422 ;  magnetism, 
like  elder  brother  to  Tilton,  devotion  to 
Mrs.  Tilton,  464 ;  birthday  gift  to  A.,  976. 

Beecher,  Rev.  Thomas  K.,  theology,  125; 
grants  church  for  suff.  meet.,  178 ;  anecdote 
of,  373. 

Belford,  James  B.,  M.  C.,  for  worn,  suff.,  585. 

Bell,  John  C.,  M.  C.,  ad.  suff.  con.,  756. 

Bennett,  James  Gordon,  opp.  worn,  suff.,  78. 

Bennett,  Sallie  Clay,  511 ;  607. 

Bemis,  Julia  Brown,  368. 

Bernhardt,  Sarah.,  A.  hears,  567 ;  733. 

Berry,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  W.,  recep.  to 
Woman’s  Council,  928. 

Besant,  Annie,  577 ;  A.  entertains,  704 ;  A. 
can  not  accept  her  ideas,  918. 

Bidwell,  Gen.  J.  C.,  404. 


Bidwell,  Annie  K.,  tries  to  secure  suff. 
amend,  from  Calif,  legis.,  863. 

Bigelow,  John,  for  worn,  suff.,  767. 

Biggs,  Caroline  Ashurst,  554. 

Bingham,  Anson,  in  favor  of  worn,  rights,  186. 

Bingham,  John  A.,  agnst.  worn,  suff.,  382; 
985 ;  986. 

Bird,  Francis  W.,  speaks  at  suff.  con.,  533. 

Bisbee,  M.  C.,  590. 

Blackie,  Prof.  John  Stuart,  converted  by 
A.  to  worn.  suff. ;  kisses  her  hand,  570. 

Blackwell,  Alice  Stone,  arrang.  union  of 
two  assns.,  628 ;  sends  list  of  com.,  629 ;  influ¬ 
ence  in  favor  of  union,  630;  rec.  sec.  unit, 
assns.,  632 ;  on  S.  Dak.  com.  675 ;  676 ;  let.  from 
A.  on  S.  Dak.  683;  favors  res.  agnst.  Worn. 
Bible,  854 ;  at  Anthony  homestead,  940. 

Blackwell,  Rev.  Antoinette  Brown,  Vice 
Pres.  Worn.  Temp.  Con.,  67 ;  demands  equal 
rights,  74;  Bible  enjoins  no  subjection  of 
woman,  76;  urges  A.  to  speak,  82;  83;  90; 
93;  94;  refused  right  to  speak  at  World’s 
Temp.  Con.,  101;  marries,  128;  131;  jokes  A. 
about  bachelor,  142 ;  preaches  in  Rochester, 
167 ;  biog.  in  cycloped.,  170;  wd.  use  Hovey 
fund  for  church  work,  171 ;  con.  at  Niagara, 
175 ;  anecdote  of  A.’s  trying  to  order  break¬ 
fast,  176;  demands  of  married  life,  178; 
teasing  let.  on  A.’s  obtuseness,  disappoint, 
when  preaching  at  Peterboro,  179 ;  opp.  di¬ 
vorce  res.,  193;  patriotic  ad.  Worn.  Loyal 
League,  229;  253;  woman’s  paper  for  Mrs. 
Stn.’s  benefit,  299;  A.  writes  regard,  worn, 
preachers  and  sermons,  634;  636. 

Blackwell,  Ellen,  131 ;  132. 

Blackwell,  Dr.  Eliz.,  originates  Sanitary 
Commission,  239. 

Blackwell,  Henry  B.,  marries  Lucy  Stone, 
130 ;  rec.  sec.  Equal  Rights  Assn.,  260 ;  accom¬ 
panies  wife  to  Kan.,  criticises  Greeley  and 
Repubs.,  275; 'for  defeat  of  worn.  suff.  in 
Kan.,  304 ;  rec.  sec.  Am.  Suff.  Assn.,  328 ;  offers 
res.  that  Am.  Equal  Rights  Assn,  be  dis¬ 
solved,  348 ;  votes  for  it,  349 ;  bus.  man.  Worn. 
Journal,  361 ;  writes  A.  to  stand  by  Repub. 
party,  416;  cor.  sec.  Am.  W.  S.  A.,  627 ;  sec, 
com.  on  union,  629 ;  640 ;  675 ;  contrib.  serv.  to 
S.  Dak.,  695 ;  spks.  at  Chautauqua,  727 ; 
congrat.  A.  on  N.  Y.  campn.,  773;  must  have 
endors.  of  Repubs,  and  Popu.  in  Kan.,  780; 
Mrs.  Johns  must  stand  by  her  guns,  781 ; 
urges  A.  to  be  Repub.  or  non-partis.,  793; 
favors  res.  against  Worn.  Bible,  854. 

Blaine,  Jas.  G.,  tyranny  to  count  citizens  in 
represent,  while  denying  ballot,  499;  not 
friend  of  worn,  suff.,  594;  death,  Repub. 
leader,  739. 

Blair,  Sen.  Henry  W.,  500;  rep.  in  favor 
worn,  suff.,  543;  same,  590;  591;  humorous 
note  to  A.,  606  ;  607 ;  secures  vote  in  senate 


INDEX 


1043 


on  16th  Amend,  617 ;  spks.  for  it,  620 ;  A. 
must  “fight  for  life,”  626;  ad.  suff.  con.,  647 ; 
atA.’s  birthday  banq.,  664;  665;  by  “pious 
fraud”  reads  let.  from  Eng.  Suff.  Soc.,  704; 
rep.  in  favor  worn,  suff.,  718. 

Blake,  Lillie  Devereux,  377 ;  defends  A.  in 
voting,  432 ;  446 ;  presents  Worn.  Dec.  of  Ind., 
478 ;  on  trial  by  jury,  479 ;  511 ;  in  Neb.  campn., 
545;  interviews  Gen.  Hancock,  520;  628; 
629;  in  N.  Y.  campn.,  761;  ad.  N.  Y.  Consti. 
Con.,  768;  at  N.  Y.  Demo.  Con.,  775;  pres. 
Foremothers’  dinner,  802 ;  A.  must  manage 
Stn.  birthday,  846;  opp.  res.  agnst.  Worn. 
Bible,  854. 

Blatch,  Alice,  553. 

Blatch,  Harriot  Stanton,  trib.  to  A., 
543 ;  A.  visits,  554 ;  564 ;  apprec.  let.  to  A.  and 
Mrs.  Stn.,  602;  at  A.’s  birthday  banq.,  668; 
ad.  Nat’l  Con.,  675;  at  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  900. 

Blinn,  Nellie  Holbrook,  pres.  Calif,  suff. 
assn.,  tries  to  sec.  suff.  amend,  from  legis., 
on  St.  Suff.  Com.,  863;  at  Rep.  St.  Con.,  869. 

Bloomer,  Amelia,  Sec.  Worn.  Temp.  Con., 
67;  dele.  Syr.  Tern.  Con.,  69;  83;  93;  gave 
name  to  Bloomer  costume,  let.  defending  it, 
114 ;  380 ;  death,  803 

Bloss,  Wm.  C.,  165. 

Blue,  Hon.  Richard  W.,  introduces  munici- 
ipal  worn.  suff.  bill  in  Kan.  Senate,  611 ;  647. 

Blunt,  Gen.,  289. 

“Bly,  Nellie,”  interview  with  A.,  858. 

Bogelot,  Isabelle,  ad.  Sen.  Com.,  640. 

Bond,  Mrs.  Charles  W.,  recep.  to  Worn. 
Council,  895. 

Bond,  Eliz.  Powell,  152. 

Bonney,  C.  C.,  pres.  Worn.  Cong.  Aux.,  ap¬ 
points  corns.,  745;  places  A.  on  advis.  com. 
of  various  congs.,  748;  requests  her  to  spk. 
for  Civil  Serv.  Com.,  at  Govt.  Cong.,  750. 

Booth,  Mary  L.,  first  pub.  appearance,  131; 
shows  injustice  to  worn,  teachers,  143 ;  longs 
to  help  suff.,  146;  155;  316;  love  for  A.,  458; 
praises  A.  and  Hist.  Worn.  Suff.,  declares 
belief  in  worn,  suff.,  615 ;  death,  660. 

Bottome,  Margaret,  702;  tribute  to  A.,  703. 

Bowen,  Thos.  B.,  Senator,  607. 

Bowen,  “  Uncle  Sam,”  5. 

Bowles,  Rev.  Ada  C.,  at  suff.  con.,  533;  636. 

Bowman,  Bishop  Thos.,  for  worn,  suff.,  588. 

Boynton,  Elizabeth,  360.  (See  Harbert.) 

Boynton,  H.  V.,  608. 

Bradford,  Mary  C.  C.,  invites  A.  to  Colo¬ 
rado  women’s  4th  of  July,  775. 

Bradlaugh,  Charles,  577. 

Bradley,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Benj.,  652. 

Bradwell,  Judge,  315;  urges  measures  to 
unite  two  suff.  org.,  350. 

Bradwell,  Myra  W.,  tribute  to  A.,  315;  346; 
defends  A.  for  voting,  443 ;  death,  757. 

Brayton,  Helen,  812. 


Breeden,  Rev.  H.  O.,  welc.  natl.  suff.  con., 
902. 

Breidenthal,  John  W.,  ch.  Kan.  Popu.  Com. 
will  leave  it  with  A.  as  to  her  speeches,  794 ; 
confident  suff.  amend,  will  carry,  796. 

Brice,  Mrs.  Calvin,  814. 

Brickner,  Max,  731. 

Brigham,  Prof.,  76. 

Bright,  Albert,  576. 

Bright,  Jacob,  endorses  worn,  suff.,  368;  564; 
presides  over  worn.  suff.  meet.,  566;  advo¬ 
cates  worn.  suff.  in  Parliament,  567. 

Bright,  John,  Lord  Rector’s  ad.,  556;  565; 
575 ;  577 ;  workingmen  need  franchise,  996. 

Bright,  Ursula  M.,  demands  franchise  for 
married  women,  563;  564;  565;  A.  visits, 
son’s  admiration  for  her,  577. 

Broadhead,  M.  C.,  590. 

Broderick,  Case,  M.  C.,  ad.  suff.  con.,  756; 
suggests  worn.  suff.  plank  for  Kan.  Repubs., 
778 ;  tries  to  have  it  in  plat.,  779. 

Bronte,  Anne,  Charlotte  and  Emily, 
home  and  life,  576. 

Brooke,  Stopford,  discouraging  attempts 
at  temp,  work,  564. 

Brooks,  D.  C.,  sustains  suff.  meet.,  544. 

Brooks,  James,  M.  C.,  franks  women’s  peti¬ 
tions,  268,  295 ;  thanked  by  women,  422. 

Brooks,  Bishop  Phillips,  for  worn,  suff., 
757. 

Broomall,  J.  W.,  endorses  worn,  suff.,  284. 

Brotherton,  Alice  Williams,  668. 

Brown,  Rev.  Antoinette  L.  (see  Blackwell). 

Brown,  B.  Gratz,  argues  for  worn,  suff.,  266, 
318 ;  415 ;  franchise  a  natural  right,  979. 

Brown,  Beriah,  misrepresents  A.,  401. 

Brown,  Charlotte  Emerson,  720. 

Brown,  Elizabeth,  369. 

Brown,  Mrs.  H.  B.,  697. 

Browtn,  John,  sleeps  in  cabin  of  Merritt  An¬ 
thony,  144;  memorial  meet,  in  Rochester, 
181 ;  184 ;  A.  visits  home  and  grave,  defends 
his  memory,  708. 

Brown,  Col.  John,  4. 

Brown,  Rev.  John,  on  Kan.  suff.  com.,  287. 

Brown,  Sen.  Jos.  A.,  opp.  worn,  suff.,  590; 
speech  in  opp.  to  worn,  suff.,  617 ;  phys. 
strength  nec.  for  voting,  620. 

Brown,  Mattie  Griffith,  234;  260;  327 ;  350. 

Brown,  May  Belleville,  726. 

Brown,  Rev.  Olympia,  work  in  Kan.,  286; 
ballot  for  woman  as  well  as  negro,  304; 
387 ;  on  Repub.  plat.,  422 ;  defends  A.  in  vot¬ 
ing,  432;  A.  is  North  Star,  608;  612;  suit  un¬ 
der  Wis.  sch.  suff.  law,  624;  628;  629;  659; 
A.’s  birthday,  670 ;  in  S.  Dak.,  684  ;  702. 

Brown,  Sarah,  287. 

Brown,  Susan  Anthony,  942. 

Browne,  Thos.  M.,  M.  C.,  rep.  in  fav.  worn, 
suff.  590 ;  has  it  printed,  A.  praises,.  591. 


1044 


INDEX 


Bruce,  Senator  Blanche  Km  ad.  suff.  con., 
756. 

Bryant,  Wm.  Cullen,  trib.  to  Berkshire,  13; 
condemns  mob,  103;  favors  worn,  suff.,  267 ; 
ed.  N.  Y.  Post  favored  worn,  suff.,  771. 

Buchanan,  James,  150. 

Buckley,  Prof.  J.  W.,  opp.  co-educat.,  156. 

Buckley,  Rev.  John  H.,  Anna  Shaw  answers 
obj.  to  worn,  suff.,  710;  deb.  suff.  with  A. 
Shaw,  727 ;  cold  recep.  from  audience,  728. 

Budd,  Gov.  James  H.,  signs  bill  for  suff. 
amend.,  863;  places  last  on  ticket,  889. 

Buffum,  Jas.,  131. 

Bullard  Laura  Curtis,  327 ;  350;  buys  Revo¬ 
lution,  361 ;  gives  it  up,  363 ;  564 ;  let.  and 
gift  to  A.  on  50th  birthday,  975. 

Bunnell,  Mrs.  G.  W.,  pres.  Ebell  Club,  876. 

Burdette,  Robt.  J.,  862. 

Burleigh,  Celia,  353. 

Burleigh,  Wm.  H.,  69. 

Burnett,  Assemblyman,  spks.  agnst.  worn, 
rights,  109. 

Burnside,  Gen.  Ambrose  E.,  959. 

Burr,  Frances  Ellen,  let.  A.’s  50th  birth¬ 
day,  975. 

Burt,  Mary  T.,  ad.  N.  Y.  Consti.  Con.,  769. 

Burtis,  Sarah  Anthony,  teach,  in  Anthony 
family,  22;  sec.  first  W.  R.  Con.,  59;  remi- 
nis.,  896. 

Burton,  Captain,  552. 

Bush,  Col.  J.  Yv^.,  introduces  A.,  809. 

Bushnell,  Dr.  Kate,  spks.  at  Central  Music 
Hall,  Chicago,  640. 

Butler,  Gen.  Benj.  F.,  fine  rep.  in  favor  of 
worn,  suff.,  382;  let.  on  worn,  right  to 
vote  under  Constit.,  429;  rep.  in  favor 
of  remit.  A.’s  fine  for  voting,  451;  inter¬ 
cedes  for  inspectors,  452 ;  in  favor  of  worn, 
suff.,  454;  retained  in  Eddy  will  case,  540 ; 
pres,  candidate,  594;  fees  in  Eddy  case,  598; 
death,  737;  in  New  Orleans,  959;  Constit. 
authoriz.  right  of  women  to  vote,  991. 

Butler,  Josephine  E.,  writes  A.,  458;  A. 
hears  speak,  576. 

Butler,  Senator  and  Mrs.  Matt.  C.,  677. 

Byrd,  Prof.  C.  E.,  808. 

Butler,  David,  Gov.  (Of  Neb.),  introduces 
A.,  380. 

Cady,  Margaret  Livingston,  279. 

Caird,  Mona,  577. 

Callanan,  James  and  Martha  C.,  676 ;  902. 

Cameron,  Senator  Angus,  reports  in  favor 
worn,  suff.,  502. 

Cameron,  Senator  Don,  grants  ten  seats  to 
worn,  in  Repub.  con.,  518. 

Camp,  Herman,  agnst.  worn,  delegates,  70. 

Campbell,  Gov.  John  A.,  vetoes  bill  repeal¬ 
ing  worn.  suff.  in  Wyoming,  407;  408. 

Campbell,  Margaret,  in  Col.  campn,  492. 


Campbell,  Mary  Grafton,  830. 

Cannon,  Hon.  Geo.  Q.,  825. 

Cantine,  Emma,  927. 

Carey,  Joseph  M.,  Senator,  ad.  suff.  con., 
617;  756;  ad.  N.  Y.  Consti.  Con.  in  favor 
worn,  suff.,  769. 

Carey,  Mrs.  Joseph  M.,  617 ;  823. 

Carlisle,  JohnG.,  Senator,  718. 

Carpenter,  Frank  G.,  let.  on  A.’s  birthday, 
670. 

Carpenter,  Sen.  Matt.  H.,  337;  410;  U.  S. 
has  no  well  ordered  system  of  jurispru¬ 
dence,  451 ;  favors  worn,  suff.,  500. 

Carroll,  Anna  Ella,  plans  Tenn.  campn. 
239. 

Cartter,  Sup.  Judge,  agnst.  worn,  suff.,  985. 

Cary,  Alice,  316 ;  343 ;  writes  for  Revolution, 
home  and  receptions,  358;  cd.  not  write 
heart’s  deepest  thoughts,  prepares  “Born 
Thrall”  for  Rev.,  dies  before  finishing  it, 
359;  360;  368. 

Cary,  Phoebe,  316;  poem  on  A.’s  50th  birth¬ 
day  ;  342 ;  343 ;  tries  to  unite  suff.  assns.,  346 ; 
proposed  ed.  of  Revolution,  357 ;  writes  for 
Revolution,  home  and  receptions,  358 ;  note 
to  A.,  359;  360;  368. 

Cary,  Samuel  F.,  declines  to  assist  worn, 
temp,  con.,  97  ;  opp.  woman’s  speaking,  101. 

Casement,  Gen.  J.  S.  and  Mrs.  Frances  M., 
hospitality  to  A.,  705. 

Caswell,  L.  B.,  M.  C.,  reports  in  favor  of 
worn,  suff.,  699. 

Catt,  Carrie  Chapman,  675 ;  in  S.  Dak.,  685 ; 
shows  no  hope  of  success,  693;  “lonesome 
movement,”  694;  A.’s  unselfishness,  695 ;  ill¬ 
ness  acc’t  work  in  S.  D.,  696;  at  Kan.  con., 
697  ;  in  Col.  campaign,  752 ;  entertains  A.,  753 ; 
elect,  nat’l  organizer,  758;  in  N.  Y.  campn., 
761 ;  no  hope  of  suff.  in  Kan.  without  party 
endors.,  780 ;  opens  campn.  in  Kan.  City,  784 ; 
ad.  Popu.  St.  Con.,  789;  situation  in  Kan., 
792;  amendment  will  win.,  795;  with  A.  on 
south,  lect.  tour,  806 ;  entertained  by  Mem¬ 
phis  clubs,  807;  at  New  Or.,  Greenville, 
J ackson,  808 ;  New  Decatur,  Huntsville, trib. 
of  News,  809 ;  favors  res.  against  Worn.  Bible, 
854 ;  work  in  Calif,  campn.,  875 ;  first  app.  at 
Natl.  Con.,  878;  883;  entertains  natl.  com., 
895 ;  birthday  trib.  to  A.,  907  ;  ad.  N.  Y.  legis., 
914 ;  western  conferences,  929 ;  at  Anthony 
homestead,  940 ;  trib.  to  A.  at  Berk.  Hist, 
meet,  compares  to  Galileo,  future  pilgrim¬ 
ages  to  birthplace,  942. 

Chace,  Eliz.  Buffum,  90th  birthday,  896. 

Chace,  Jonathan,  Senator,  for  suff.,  621. 

Chadwick,  Rev.  John,  346. 

Chambers,  Rev.  John,  calls  worn,  deleg. 
“scum  of  con.,”  89;  insults  Miss  Brown  on 
platform,  101. 

Chandler,  Senator,  Zach.,  460. 


INDEX 


1045 


Chanler,  Margaret  Livingstone,  ad.  N. 
Y.  Consti.  Con.  in  favor  worn,  suff.,  768. 

Channing,  Wm.  H.,  begin,  of  friendship  for 
A.,  58 ;  visits  Anthony  home,  60 ;  93 ;  defends 
Antoinette  Brown  at  temp,  con.,  102;  prep, 
call  for  W.  R.  con.  and  leads  it,  104 ;  audi¬ 
ence  at  Albany  refuses  to  hear,  108 ;  writes 
appeal  for  worn,  suff.,  110;  corporal  awk¬ 
ward  squad,  112 ;  opp.  bloomer  dress,  115 ; 
compli.  Hist.  Worn.  Suff.  531 ;  loves  America, 
554 ;  returns  to  early  beliefs,  563 ;  death,  595. 

Chant,  Laura  Ormiston,  ad.  Sen.  Com., 
spks.  Central  Music  Hall,  Chicago,  640 ;  at 
A.’s  birthday  banq.,  666 ;  672. 

Chapin,  Rev.  Edwin  H.,  192. 

Chapman,  Maria  Weston,  compli.  A.,  154. 

Chapman,  Mariana  W.,  in  N.  Y.  campn., 
761 ;  pres.  N.  Y.  Suff.  Ass’n  sends  birthday 
greet,  to  A.,  907 ;  ad.  N.  Y.  legis.,  914. 

Chapman,  Nancy  M.,  registers  and  votes,  424. 

Chatfield,  Hannah,  regis.  and  votes,  424. 

Cheever,  Rev.  Geo.  B.,  173;  174;  approves 
A.’s  work,  182;  192. 

Cheney  Bros.,  present  to  A.,  549. 

Cheney,  Ednah  D.,  at  Fed.  clubs,  721. 

Cheney,  Mr.  and  Mrs.,  gift  to  A.,  976. 

Child,  Lydia  Maria,  253;  first  ed.  A.  S. 
Standard,  petit,  for  suff.  declared  “inop¬ 
portune”  by  Sumner,  265;  276;  549;  935. 

Childs,  Geo.  W.,  480;  gives  A.  money  and 
souvenir,  538 ;  sends  A.  $100,  607 ;  death,  756. 

Choate,  Joseph  H.,  pres.  N.  Y.  Consti.  Con., 
uses  influence  agnst.  worn,  suff.,  767 ;  votes 
agnst.  suff.  amend.,  fears  to  injure  polit. 
prospects,  771. 

Choate,  Mrs.  Joseph  H.,  petit,  for  suff.,  764; 
not  represented  by  husb.,  771. 

Churchill,  Mrs.  Jerome,  404. 

Claflin,  Tennie  C.,  376. 

Clapp,  Eliza  J.,  leaves  A.  $1,000,  763. 

Clapp,  Hannah  H.,  introd.  A.  in  ’71,  ’95,  826. 

Clark,  Emily,  temp,  speaker,  travels  with 
A.,  71 ;  87 ;  at  Brick  church  meet.,  90. 

Clark,  Helen  Bright,  576. 

Clark,  James  G.,  200. 

Clark,  Nancy  Howe,  teacher’s  trib.  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  A.,  22;  47. 

Clark,  Sidney  M.  C.,  247;  endorses  worn, 
suff.  284;  A.  compliments,  960;  962. 

Clarkson,  Thomas,  A.  visits  old  home,  569. 

Clay,  Henry,  preaches  liberty  attended  by 
a  slave,  42. 

Clay,  Laura,  511 ;  806 ;  807 ;  at  Atlanta  con., 
811 ;  favors  res.  agnst.  Worn.  Bible,  854 ;  940. 

Clay,  Mary  B.,  511 ;  628. 

Clay,  Mary  J.  Warfield,  511 ;  806. 

Clay-Klopton,  Mrs.,  809. 

Clayton,  Col.  Y.  P.,  812. 

Clemmer,  Mary,  describes  con.,  trib.  to  A., 
340 ;  360 ;  scene  in  senate  when  petits.  were 


pres.  485 ;  scores  Sen.  Wadleigh,  strong  ar¬ 
gument  for  worn,  suff.,  501 ;  548. 

Cleveland,  Grover,  594;  rec.  Worn.  Inti. 
Council,  637 ;  signs  bill  admit.  Utah,  851. 

Cleveland,  Mrs.  Grover,  rec.  Worn.  Inti. 
Council,  637. 

Clymer,  Ella  Deitz,  704. 

Coates,  Sarah  Chandler,  895. 

Cobbe,  Frances  Power,  368;  566;  577. 

Cobden,  Jane,  565;  576. 

Cochran,  Hon.  John,  how  to  fool  the  women, 
418. 

Cockrell,  Sen.  Francis  M.,  opp.  worn,  suff., 
590 ;  591 ;  606 ;  677. 

Coffeen,  Henry  A.,  M.  C.,  ad.  suff.  con.,  756. 

Coke,  Lord,  on  taxation  without  representa¬ 
tion,  969. 

CoGStVELL,  Mr. - ,  compli.  A.,  535. 

Colby,  Clara  B.,  first  meets  A.,  493 ;  511 ;  541 ; 
manages  Neb.  campn.,  541 ;  in  Kan.  campn., 
609 ;  A.’s  eloquence  at  Madison,  612 ;  628 ;  629 ; 
council  issue  of  Worn.  Trib.,  633;  at  A.’s 
birthday  banq.,  666 ;  compli.  in  Worn.  Trib., 
671;  672;  on  S.  Dak.  com.,  675;  in  campn., 
685;  at  Neb.  and  Kan.  cons.,  697;  in  At¬ 
lanta,  811 ;  objects  to  res.  agnst.  Worn.  Bible, 
852;  857;  at  Anthony  homestead,  940;  at 
Berk.  Hist,  meet.,  trib.  to  A.,  love  of  justice, 
home,  life-work,  944;  Anthony  homestead 
shd.  be  purchased,  945. 

Cole,  Hon.  A.  N.,  sustains  worn,  delegates,  70. 

“  Cole,  Catharine,”  597. 

Coleman,  Lucy  N.,  178;  216;  229. 

Collins,  Jennie,  at  Natl.  Con.,  337 ;  349. 

Collyer,  Rbt.,  endorses  worn,  suff,,  284;  371; 
372 ;  373 ;  beautiful  pict.  in  pulpit,  802. 

Collyer,  Robt.  Laird,  spks.  agnst.  worn, 
suff.,  316. 

Colvin,  Hon.  Andrew  J.,  champions  wom¬ 
an’s  rights,  189. 

Condit,  Rev.,  opp.  woman’s  rights,  88. 

Conkling,  Roscoe,  410;  A.’s  trial  for  voting, 
441 ;  485 ;  defeats  com.  on  worn,  rights,  527. 

Conw'Ay,  Moncure  D.,  A. visits,  563 ;  delighted 
with  A.’s  speech,  565. 

Conivay,  Mrs.  Moncure  D.,  563. 

Conway,  Mildred,  566. 

Coonley,  Lydia  Avery,  711 ;  720 ;  entertains 
A.  dur.  World’s  Fair,  750 ;  gift,  751 ;  841. 

Cooper,  Harriet,  affect,  let.  to  A.,  820; 
meets  A.  at  ferry,  826 ;  sends  money  for  A. 
to  come  Calif,  to  help  in  suff.  campn.,  861 ; 
meets  A.,  862;  rec.  sec.  campn.  com.,  863. 

Cooper,  Peter,  422. 

Cooper,  Sarah  B.,  on  Hist.  Worn.  Suff.,  616; 
pres.  Calif.  Worn.  Cong.,  819;  sends  A. 
money  to  come  to  Calif.,  loving  letters,  820; 
meets  A.  and  Miss  Shaw  at  ferry,  826;  at 
Congreg.  church,  San  Fr. ;  pres.  Woman’s 
Cong.,  827;  gives  A.  and  Miss  Shaw  free- 


1046 


INDEX. 


dom  of  speech;  trib.  to  A.,  828;  chmn. 
campn.  com.,  consecrates  herself  to  suff., 
829;  takes  A.  to  minister’s  meet.,  830;  chmn. 
4th  July  worn,  com.,  refused  permission 
for  A.  Shaw  to  speak,  gains  her  point, 
rides  in  procession,  836 ;  sympathy  for  A., 
842 ;  appeals  to  A.  for  help  in  Calif,  campn., 
861;  meets  at  ferry,  862;  863;  suff.  plank 
in  Repub.  platform,  871 ;  at  Demo.  St.  Con., 
872;  at  Portland  Worn.  Cong.,  877. 

Corliss,  Dr.  Hiram,  45 ;  902. 

Coudert,  Frederick,  for  worn,  suff.,  764. 
Couzins,  Phoebe,  322;  327;  349;  360;  urges 
A.  and  Mrs.  Stn.  to  resume  head  of  Natl. 
Assn.,  382;  presents  Worn.  Dec.  of  Ind.  at 
Centennial,  478;  479;  compli.  A.’s  manage¬ 
ment  of  Wash,  cons.,  495;  welcomes  suff. 
con.  to  St.  Louis,  recep.  to  A.,  506 ;  ad.  Cong. 
Com.,  511 ;  517 ;  dele,  to  Natl.  Prohib.  Con., 
520;  at  Mott  memorial  serv.,  527;  in  Neb. 
campn.,  545 ;  A.  sends  $100,  608 ;  meets  A.  at 
station,  609;  A.  makes  her  life  memb.  of 
Natl.  Assn.,  659 ;  at  A.’s  birthday  banq.,  665 ; 
A.  gives  money,  672. 

Cowan,  Sen.  Edgar,  moves  to  strike  “male’ 
from  D.  C.  Suff.  Bill,  266;  422. 

Cramer,  Mrs.,  381. 

Crampton,  Rev.  R.  C.,  87. 

Cravath,  Pres.  Erastus  M.,  invites  A.  to 
ad.  students  Mt.  Union  Coll.,  928. 
Crawford,  S.  G.,  endorses  worn,  suff.,  284. 
Crittenden,  A.  P.,  390. 

Croly,  “Jenny  June,”  353;  720. 

Cromwell,  Oliver,  1014. 

Crosby,  Abby  Burton,  327. 

Crowell,  Ex-Mayor,  248. 

Crowley,  Richard,  U.  S.  Dist.  Atty.,  exam¬ 
ines  A.  for  having  voted,  427  ;  threatens  to 
move  trial  into  another  county,  435  ;  does 
so,  436;  two  hrs.  speech  in  prosecut.  A., 
438 ;  says  A.  had  fair  trial  by  jury,  450. 
Culver,  Pres.  &  Mrs.,  598. 

Culver,  Judge  E.  D.,  330. 

Culver,  Mary,  registers  and  votes,  424. 

Cummings, - Miss,  A.’s  birthday,  671. 

Cunningham,  Stephen  M.,  393. 

Curtis,  Eliz.  Burrill,  ad.  N.  Y.  legis.,  914. 
Curtis,  Eugene  T.,  spks.  for  suff.,  762. 

Curtis  Family,  395. 

Curtis,  Geo.  Wm„  hissed  at  W.  R.  con.,  163; 
lect.  on  Fair  Play  for  Women,  dislikes 
term,  “woman’s  rights,”  167  ;  objects  to  Er¬ 
nestine  L.  Rose,  replies  to  A.’s  criticism, 
172;  233  ;  270;  stands  by  women,  presents 
Mrs.  Greeley’s  petit.,  279;  argu.  for  worn, 
suff.  bef.  N.  Y.  Constit.  Con.,  real  support 
comes  from  Repubs.,  280 ;  endorses  suff.,  284 ; 
373;  let.  on  A.’s  birthday,  669 ;  death,  737; 
ed.  Harper’s  Weekly  fav.  worn,  suff.,  771; 
daught.  Eliz.  Burrill  ad.  N.  Y.  legis.,  914. 


Curtis,  Mary  B.  F.,  votes,  447. 

Curtis,  Newton  M.,  ad.  suff.  con.,  756. 
Cutler,  Hannah  M.  Tracy,  lectures  with 
A. ,.178;  629;  902. 

Dahlgren,  Mrs.  Admiral,  372 ;  petit,  agnst. 
worn,  suff.,  377. 

Dall,  Caroline  H.,  131 ;  conservative  con., 
196;  253. 

Dallas,  Mary  Kyle,  316. 

Dana,  Chas.  A.,  not  enough  women  ask  for 
suff.,  760. 

Dana,  Richard  H.,  lect.  against  women,  59. 
Danforth,  Judge  Geo.  F.,  presides  suff. 
meet.,  762;  invites  A.  to  meet  Justices  Ap¬ 
pellate  Court,  896. 

Daniels,  Asso.  Justice,  P.  V.  citizenship 
means  entire  equality,  984. 

Daniels,  Hattie,  553. 

Darling,  Anna  B.,  341. 

Davies,  Charles,  LL.  D.,  Pres.  State  Teach. 
Con.,  98 ;  agnst.  woman’s  right  to  speak,  99 ; 
agnst.  co-educa.,  155;  reads  first  cable, 
163. 

Davis,  Edward  M.,  wants  woman  to  wait 
till  negro  is  enfranchised,  314;  pres.  Cit. 
Suff.  Assn,  tenders  A.  recep.,  546;  550; 
death,  645. 

Davis,  Mrs.  Edward  M.,  A.  visits,  895. 
Davis,  Isabella  Charles,  letter  to  A.,  773. 
Davis,  John,  M.  C.,  ad.  suff.  con.,  756. 

Davis,  Olive,  905. 

Davis,  Paulina  Wright,  at  Syracuse  W.  R. 
Con.,  72;  pres,  cons.,  1850-1851,  75;  work  in 
1840-48,  82;  discouraged  with  women,  130; 
253;  327 ;  entertains  A.,  Mrs.  Stan,  and  Mrs. 
Hooker,  332;  349;  gives  $500  to  Rev.,  356; 
358;  arranges  20th  suff.  annivers.,  367;  ill 
and  sends  for  A.,  368 ;  20  yrs.  Hist,  of  W.  R. 
movement,  her  early  work,  369;  372;  375; 
376;  at  N.  Y.  con.,  384;  death,  481. 

Davis,  William  H.,  invites  A.  to  4th  of  July 
celebration,  rejoices  in  her  work,  835. 
Davitt,  Michael,  asks  all  for  worn.,  575 ;  775. 
Dawes,  H.  L.,  Senator,  for  suff.,  621 ;  on  A.’s 
birthday,  671. 

Dean,  John  C.  and  Lillian  Wright,  904. 
Debs,  Eugene  V.,  invites  A.  to  lecture,  503. 

De  Garmo,  Rhoda,  votes,  424 ;  death,  447. 
Delavan,  Mrs.  E.  C.,  Worn.  Temp.  Con.,  67. 
Deliverge,  Doris  and  Huldah,  employ  A. 
as  teacher,  24. 

De  Long,  Jas.  C.,  A.  S.  assn,  formed  at 
house,  210. 

Demorest  (Mme.),  Louise,  282. 

Depew,  Chauncey  M.,  for  worn,  suff.,  764. 
Depuy,  Maria  Wilder,  615. 

Deraismes,  Maria,  652. 

D'Estria,  Dora  (see  Koltzoff  Massalsky). 
Detchon,  Adelaide,  566. 


INDEX. 


1047 


DeVoe,  Emma  Smith,  657 ;  offers  services  to 
A.,  684. 

DeVoe,  J.  H.,  invites  A.  to  S.  Dak.,  657. 

Deyo,  Rev.  Amanda,  702. 

D’Hericourt  Mme.,  322. 

Dickinson,  Albert,  criticises  A.’s  style  of 
let.  writing,  40 ;  242. 

Dickinson,  Ann  Eliza,  408. 

Dickinson,  Anna,  her  work,  let.  on  war,  220; 
aid  to  Union,  239;  246,  will  work  for  worn, 
suff,  258 ;  first  speech  for  W.  R.,  262 ;  276 ;  in¬ 
dignat.  over  refusal  of  N.  Y.  Constit.  Con. 
to  adopt  worn,  suff.,  280 ;  described  by  Nellie 
Hutchinson,  criticises  Phillips,  declares 
emancipated  black  woman  no  better  off 
than  slave,  303  ;  304 ;  309 ;  replies  to  Robt. 
Laird  Collyer,  316 ;  first  to  suggest  Amend. 
XV,  wd.  be  needed,  317 ;  enthusiastic  let., 
320;  sp.  “Nothing  Unreasonable,”  327 ;  tired 
of  lecturing,  devoted  to  A.,  345;  gives  Mrs. 
Phelps  $1,000  through  friendship  for  A.,  360 ; 
talks  of  editing  Rev.,  361 ;  370 ;  criticised  for 
lect.  on  social  questions,  469 ;  859 ;  let.  and 
gifts  to  A.  on  50th  birthday,  975 ;  995. 

Dickinson,  Charles,  575 ;  $300  to  A,  707. 

Dickinson,  Dr.  Frances,  575 ;  arranges 
Social  Purity  meet.,  640 ;  Isabella  Mem.,  655. 

Dickinson,  Mary  Lowe,  ad.  suff.  con.,  756; 
needs  A.’s  face  at  Sherry  meet.,  773 ;  pres. 
Worn.  Council,  815 ;  urges  A.  to  manage  Stn. 
birthday,  846;  makes  it  a  success,  847; 
848;  trib.  to  A.,  850 ;  New  Years  greet,  to  A., 
suff.  cause  most  important,  901. 

Dietrick,  Ellen  Battelle,  death,  trib.  of 
A.,  849. 

Diggs,  Annie  L.,  on  Kan.  worn.  suff.  com.,  781 ; 
pres.  suff.  mass  meet,  in  Topeka,  787 ;  de¬ 
mands  worn.  suff.  plank  from  Kan.  Popu. 
con.,  789 ;  shakes  hands  with  delegates,  790 ; 
writes  A.  glad  Popu.  con.  endorses  worn, 
suff.,  audiences  in  favor,  urges  her  to  take 
part  in  campn.,  795;  fav.  res.  agnst.  Worn. 
Bible,  854. 

Dilke,  Mrs.  Ashton,  651. 

Dingee,  Martha  Parker,  A.,  609. 

Dix,  Dorothea,  work  in  war,  239. 

Doane,  Bishop  Wm.  Croswell,  organizes 
remonstrants  agnst.  worn.  suff.  765. 

Dodge,  Mary  Mapes,  799. 

Doggett,  Kate  N.,  327;  entertains  A.,  330; 
let.  and  gift  to  A.  on  50th  birthday,  976. 

Dolley,  Dr.  Sarah  C.  446 ;  A.  visits,  653. 

Dolph,  Sen.  Joseph  N.,  on  admis.  Wash. 
Ter.  with  worn,  suff.,  607;  608;  speech  in 
favor  worn,  suff.,  618;  sympathy  with  worn, 
suff.,  716. 

Dolph,  Mrs.  Joseph  N.,  607. 

Douglass,  Frederick,  moves  to  Roch.  and 
estab.  North  Star,  59;  visits  Anthony  home, 
60;  93;  favors  A.  as  sec.  of  temp,  soc.,  95; 


163 ;  silenced  by  mob,  165 ;  flees  to  Eng.,  181 ; 
198 ;  on  death  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  215 ; 
216;  at  funeral  D.  Anthony,  224;  233;  260; 
brands  Demo,  help  to  women  a  trick,  263 ; 
ridiculed  by  N.  Y.  World,  264;  270;  asks 
women  to  take  back  seat,  304;  deserts 
worn,  for  negro  suff.,  317;  forces  indorse. 
Amend.  XV,  encounter  with  A.,  323  ;  350; 
at  welcomes  bolt  from  heaven  or  hell,  381 ; 
Natl.  Worn.  Suff.  Con.,  377;  prayed  with 
heels,  457  ;  527  ;  548;  ad.  30th  suff.  annivers., 
495;  second  marriage,  586;  let.  on  worn, 
suff.  and  first  W.  R.  con.,  634;  death,  A. 
spks.  funeral,  814 ;  904  ;  934. 

Donlevey,  Alice,  sec.  Art  Ass’n.  desires  to 
make  A.’s  statue,  734. 

Doolittle,  Hon.  Jas.  R.,  A.  and  Mrs.  Hooker 
interview,  417. 

Doster,  Judge  Frank,  for  women  suff.  pi. 
in  Kan.  Popu.  con.,  789. 

Douglas,  Stephen  A.,  “King  of  Compro¬ 
mise,”  215. 

Dow,  Neal,  pres.  temp,  con.,  101 ;  society 
shd.  control  liquor  traffic,  93 ;  on  A.’s  birth¬ 
day,  670. 

Downer,  Ezra,  leads  mob,  211. 

Downing,  George,  opp.  worn,  suff.,  314. 

Drake,  Gov.  Francis  M.,  welcomes  Natl. 
Suff.  con.,  902. 

Draper,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  D.,  282. 

Du  Bose,  Miriam  Howard,  arr.  suff.  con., 
810 ;  A.  visits,  812. 

Duffield,  Rev.  Geo.,  87. 

Duniway,  Abigail  Scott,  manages  A.’s  lect¬ 
ure  tour,  395;  397;  398;  writes  of  A.’s  suc¬ 
cess,  399;  comment  on  Repub.  plank,  476; 
A.  sends  $100,  592 ;  629 ;  congrat.  A.  on  tri¬ 
umph  in  Cal.,  871 ;  pres.  Worn.  Cong,  invites 
A.  to  Portland,  877. 

Dunsmore,  J.  M.,  at  Kan.  Popu.  con.,  790. 

Eagle,  Gov.  Jas.  B.,  introd.  A.  to  aud.,  649. 

Eagle,  Mrs.  James  B.,  chmn.  World’s  Fair 
com.,  urges  A.  to  furnish  stenog.  rep.  of 
address,  749. 

Eastman,  Mary  F.,  spks.  at  suff.  con.,  533; 
607  ;  628;  rec.  sec.  Natl.  Council,  639. 

Eaton,  Mr.  (Kan.),  519. 

Eddy,  Eliza  Jackson,  A.  visits,  131;  leaves 
large  sum  to  A.,  539 ;  legacy  paid  to  A.  and 
Lucy  Stone,  598;  bequest  used  for  Hist. 
Worn.  Suff.,  614. 

Eddy,  The  Misses,  determined  to  carry  out 
mother’s  wishes,  540. 

Eddy,  Sarah  J.,  meets  A.  first  time,  strong 
friendship,  601. 

Edmunds,  Senator  Geo.  F.,  presents  petit, 
agnst.  worn,  suff.,  377 ;  insult,  report  agnst. 
remitting  A.’s  fine  for  voting,  451 ;  compli¬ 
ments  A.,  511. 


1048 


INDEX. 


Elder,  P.  P.,  opp.  worn.  suff.  plank  in  Kan. 
Popu.  plat.,  788. 

Eliot,  Chas.  W.,  Pres.,  remonstrates  agnst. 

worn,  suff.,  620. 

Eliot,  Geo.,  733. 

Eliot,  Senator  Thomas  D.,  236. 

Eliot,  Rev.  T.  L.,  395. 

Eliot,  Mrs.  T.  L.,  400. 

Eliot,  Rev.  Wm.  G.,  395;  soc.  purity,  on  con¬ 
tagious  diseases,  1005. 

Ellet,  E.  F.,  cares  for  wronged  mother  and 
child.  202, 

Elliott,  Major,  407. 

Emerson,  Ralph  Waldo,  accepts  A.’s  inv. 
to  lecture,  flowery  description  women  vot¬ 
ing,  .132 ;  not  enough  freedom  under  lyceum 
bureau,  190;  defers  to  wife,  251 ;  563;  “thorn 
in  side  of  friend,”  667  ;  “wholesome  discon¬ 
tent,”  714;  “men  what  mothers  made,”  1011. 
Emerson,  Mrs.  Ralph  Waldo,  approves 
worn,  suff.,  251. 

Erskine,  Hon.  and  Mrs.  M.  B.,  611, 
Eskridge,  C.  V.,  opp.  worn,  suff.,  281;  res. 
agnst.,  2S3;  opp.  worn.  suff.  at  Kan.  Repub. 
Con.,  785. 

Estee,  Morris  M.,  citizen’s  right  to  free  bal¬ 
lot  does  not  include  women,  642. 

Estlin,  Mary,  577. 

Eustis,  Senator,  agnst.  worn,  suff.,  608; 

“nursing  mother”  argument,  618. 
Everhard,  Caroline  McCullough,  woman 
governed  more  by  principle  and  less  by 
prej.,  854. 

Fair,  Senator  Jas.  G.,  reports  agnst.  worn. 

suff.,  543;  opp.  worn,  suff.,  590. 

Fair,  Laura  D.,  391. 

Fairman,  Col.  Henry  Clay,  advocates  worn, 
suff.,  810. 

Faithfull,  Emily,  368 ;  564. 

Fanning,  J.  D.,  sustains  A.  at  Teach.  Con., 

100. 

Farnham,  G.  L.,  stands  by  A.  at  Teach.  Con., 
164;  invites  A.  to  ad.  Neb.  Normal  Sell.,  728. 
Farnham,  Eliza  W.,  252;  early  work,  369. 
Farwell,  Chas.  B.,  Senator,  in  favor  worn, 
suff.,  621. 

Fassett,  Mrs.  J.  Sloat,  803. 

Fawcett,  Henry,  577. 

Fawcett,  Millicent  Garrett,  577. 

Fenton,  Mrs.  Reuben  E.,  entertains  A.,  642. 
Ferguson.  Mrs.  J.  M.,  808. 

Ferry,  Senator  Thomas  W.,  pres.  Centen¬ 
nial  celebra.  refuses  recognition  to  women, 
477;  478;  presents  worn,  petit.,  500;  intro¬ 
duces  bill  for  16th  amend.,  511 ;  reports  in 
favor  worn,  suff.,  543. 

Field,  Justice  and  Mrs.  Steph.  J.,  677. 
Field,  David  Dudley,  legal  status  of  wom¬ 
en,  185. 


Field,  Kate,  ad.  suff.  con.,  756;  scores  A.  for 
affiliating  with  Populists,  791. 

Fields,  Adele  M.,  petit,  for  worn,  suff.,  764. 
Fiero,  J .  Newton,  opp.  to  worn,  suff.,  769 ;  770. 
Fillmore,  Millard,  329;  present  at  A.’s 
trial,  436. 

Fisher,  P.  M.,  chmn.  4th  July  com.  inv.  Miss 
Shaw  to  spk.,  836. 

Fitch,  Chas.  E.,  trib.  to  A..  673. 

Flower,  Gov.  Roswell  P.,  appoints  A.  trus¬ 
tee  St.  Industrial  School,  730 ;  recommends 
worn,  in  N.  Y.  Constit.  Con.,  758. 

Folger,  Charles  J.,  women  must  not  dis¬ 
cuss  social  evil,  273. 

Foltz,  Clara,  tries  to  secure  suff.  amend. 

from  Calif,  legis.,  863. 

Foote,  Dr.  E.  B.,  446. 

Foote,  Hon.  Samuel  G.,  contemptuous  re* 
port  on  worn,  petit.,  140. 

Foote,  W.  W.,  opposes  worn.  suff.  in  Calif. 
Demo.  Con.,  874. 

Foraker,  J.  B.,  refuses  to  hear  A.  on  worn, 
suff.,  723. 

Ford, - ,  Mr.,  composes  music  for  song  to 

A.,  548. 

Ford,  Hannah,  A.  visits,  576. 

Forney,  Col.  John  W.,  fights  under  banner 
of  A.,  487. 

Foss  (Driver),  394. 

Foster,  Abby  Kelly,  first  meets  A.,  63;  87; 
88 ;  91 ;  A.  center  and  soul  of  temp,  cause,  93 ; 
132;  150;  compli.  A.’s  anti-slav.  work,  182; 
encourages  A.,  222 ;  253 ;  early  work,  369 ;  935. 
Foster,  J.  Ellen,  511 ;  525 ;  invites  A.  to  ad. 
W.  C.  T.  U.  Con.,  537  ;  loving  message  to  A., 
598 ;  723 ;  cares  more  for  Repub.  party  than 
for  suff.,  785;  presents  claims  of  worn,  at 
Kan.  Repub.  Con.,  786. 

Foster,  J.  Heron,  527. 

Foster,  Mrs.  J.  Heron,  527 ;  contrib.  $500  to 
Neb.,  545 ;  present,  to  A.,  549;  death,  603. 
Foster,  Julia  T.,  511 ;  527  ;  550 ;  701. 

Foster,  Rachel  G.  (See  Avery). 

Foster,  Stephen  S.,  first  meets  A.,  63;  lect. 
under  A.’s  management,  138;  150;  208  ;  246; 
loyal  to  women,  270 ;  suggests  A.  and  Mrs. 
Stn.  withdraw  from  E.  R.  Assn.,  322. 

Foulke,  Wm.  Dudley,  629;  ad,  Natl.  Am. 
con.,  675;  chmn.  Govt.  Cong.  World’s  Fair, 
women  took  more  interest  than  men,  750. 
Fowler  &  Wells,  publish  Hist.  Worn.  Suff., 
530;  agreement  with  A.,  599;  sell  rights  to 
A.,  600. 

Fowler,  Professor  L.  N.,  83. 

Fowler,  Rev.,  opp.  worn,  rights,  70;  con¬ 
demns  women  workers  in  reform,  89. 

Fowler,  Lydia  F.,  at  worn.  temp,  meet.,  65; 

entertains  A.,  83. 

Fox,  George,  569. 

Fox,  Sisters,  58. 


INDEX. 


1049 


Francis  &  Loutrel, present  A.  with  receipted 
bill,  468. 

Franklin,  Benj.,  in  what  freedom  consists, 
poor  need  votes  more  than  rich,  990. 
Frederick  the  Great,  560. 

Frederick,  William,  560. 

Frelinghuysen,  Sen.  F.  F.,  410;  State 
Rights,  991. 

Fremont,  Jessie  Benton,  234;  beautiful 
women  at  suff.  con.,  337. 

Fremont,  Gen.  John  C.,  proclaimed  freedom 
to  negroes,  959. 

Frothingham,  Rev.  O.  B.,  192;  322;  351;  563. 
Fuller,  Margaret,  131 ;  early  work,  369. 
Fuller,  Chief-Justice  Melville  W.,  660. 
Fulton,  Rev.  Justin,  debates  with  A.  at 
Detroit,  345. 

Furness,  Rev.  Wm.  H.,  478. 

Gaden,  Minna  V.,  delight  at  A.’s  visit  to 
Calif.,  819. 

Gage,  Francis  D.,  102;  holds  W.  R.  meet, 
with  A.,  138 ;  at  N.  Y.  con.,  163 ;  178 ;  spks. 
for  Worn.  Loyal  League,  233;  compli.  of 
N.  Y.  Independ.,  253;  Yice-pres.  E.  R.  Assn., 
260 ;  death,  595. 

Gage,  Matilda  J.,  first  appearance  at  W.  R. 
con.,  75 ;  answers  Rev.  Sunderland,  79 ;  spks. 
at  Saratoga,  121 ;  327 ;  360 ;  pays  A.  $100,  365 ; 
call  for  forming  new  party,  413 ;  urges  worn, 
to  work  for  Repub.  party,  418 ;  speaks  for 
Repub.  platform,  422 ;  defends  A.  for 
voting,  432;  issues  call  for  con.,  434;  spks. 
in  16  places  on  “  The  U.  S.  on  trial,  not  S. 
B.  A.,”  present  at  trial,  436 ;  manages  Wash, 
con.,  472;  opens  Centennial  headqrs.,  475; 
prepares  Worn.  Dec.  of  Ind.,  476;  presents 
it,  478;  on  habeas  corpus,  479:  appeal  for 
16th  Amend.,  483;  495;  ad.  to  Pres.  Hayes, 
500;  edits  Ballot-Box,  510;  511;  ad.  Green¬ 
back  Labor  Con.,  518;  work  on  Hist,  of 
Worn.  Suff.,  531 ;  601 ;  sells  Hist,  rights  to  A., 
613;  628;  659;  at  A.’s  birthday  banq.,  666; 
let.  to  A.  on  50th  birthday,  975 ;  993. 

Galileo,  A.  born  on  his  birthday,  943. 
Gannett.  Rev.  W.  C.,  let.  on  A.’s  birthday, 
670;  on  Lowell,  712;  invites  A.  to  spk.  at 
Thanks,  serv.,  714;  sermons,  719;  730;  birth¬ 
day  recep.  to  A.,  739;  806;  raises  money  for 
A.  to  take  secy,  to  Calif.,  862 ;  trib.  to  Mary 
Anthony,  916. 

Gannett,  Mary  Lewis,  let.  on  A.’s  birthday, 
670;  739;  806;  ad.  on  A.’s  birthday,  860;  862; 
presides  at  banq.  to  A.,  895. 

Gardner,  Rev.  C.  B.,  does  not  favor  worn, 
suff.,  709. 

Garfield,  James  A.,  favors  civil  equality  of 
women,  not  polit.  equal,  520;  not  ready  for 
worn,  suff.,  521 ;  death,  made  no  will,  relig¬ 
ion,  536. 


Garrison,  Ellen  Wright,  marriage,  241; 
“unchristian  to  sit  in  judgment,”  301 ;  cares 
for  A.  while  ill,  701 ;  895 ;  to  A.  on  50th  birth¬ 
day,  975. 

Garrison,  Wm.  L.,  visits  Anthony  home,  60; 
73 ;  scores  temp.  con.  treatment  of  worn.,  101 ; 
102 ;  opposes  bloomer  dress,  115 ;  at  home, 
131 ;  thanks  A.  for  hospitality,  141 ;  message 
to  A.,  151 ;  characteristic  let.,  Mason,  of  Vir¬ 
ginia,  on  Bunker  Hill,  152 ;  abolit.  without 
backbone,  161 ;  162 ;  182 ;  185 ;  192 ;  favors 
divorce  res.,  194;  urges  A.  to  restore  child 
to  father,  203;  yields  to  A.’s  logic,  204;  last 
W.  R.  meet.  Albany,  before  war,  212;  people 
wait  his  word  on  war,  214;  A.  hoped  wd. 
redeem  pledge  to  woman,  225;  believes 
Anti-Slav.  Soc.  shd.  be  disbanded,  245  ;  de¬ 
clines  re-elect,  as  pres.,  246;  259;  270;  284; 
deserts  woman  for  negro  suff.,  317 ;  too  soon 
for  16th  Amend.,  484;  495;  death,  508;  529; 
549;  fath.  Mrs.  H.  Villard,  849;  935;  A.  com¬ 
pared  to,  953. 

Garrison,  Mrs.  W.  L.,  at  home,  131 ;  goes 
with  A.  to  visit  Mrs.  Phillips,  219. 
Garrison,  Wm.  L.,  Jr.,  marriage,  241 ;  let.  on 
A.’s  birthday,  669 ;  675 ;  A.  as  guest  while  ill, 
701 ;  sympathet.  let.  to  A.,  793;  895. 

Geary,  Gov.  John  W.,  favors  women  at  bal¬ 
lot-box,  310. 

George,  Senator  J.  Z.,  reports  agnst.  worn, 
suff.,  543;  718. 

Gibbons,  Abby  Hopper,  83 ;  opp.  divorce  res., 
194;  cares  for  wronged  mother  and  child, 
202 ;  304 ;  death,  737 ;  to  A.  on  birthday,  974. 
Gilbert,  Mary  F.,  234. 

Gladstone,  William  E.,  553;  act  on  worn. 

suff.  bill,  593;  741 ;  A.  compared  to,  952. 
Godbe,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  S.,  388. 

Goddard,  Mrs.  J.  Warren,  764. 

Goeg,  Mme.  Marie,  360. 

Goodale,  Dora,  Berkshire  poem,  2. 

Goodale,  Elaine,  1. 

Goodelle,  Wm.  P.,  opp.  worn,  suff.,  771. 
Goodrich,  Sarah  L.  Knox,  405 ;  gift  to  A., 
492;  asks  Estee  if  “free  ballot”  plank  in¬ 
cludes  women,  642;  work  for  S.  Dak.,  685; 
entertains  A.,  831 ;  832 ;  863 ;  at  Repub.  St. 
Con.,  869 ;  donat.  to  Calif,  suff.  campn.,  888. 
Gordon,  Anna,  609;  joy  over  A.’s  laurels,  747. 
Gordon,  Laura  de  Force,  404 ;  arrang.  lect¬ 
ures  for  A.,  405;  at  Natl.  Lib.  Con.,  415; 
tries  to  sec.  suff.  amend,  from  Calif.  Legis., 
863. 

Gorham,  Mrs.  E.  J.,  833. 

Gottheil,  Rabbi,  for  worn,  suff.,  764. 

Gougar,  Helen  M.,  541;  545;  626;  628;  629. 
Gough,  John  B.,  60. 

Gould,  Frank,  smothers  worn.  suff.  plank, 
873;  874. 

Gove,  Mary  S.,  early  work,  369. 


1050 


INDEX. 


Graham,  John,  352. 

Grant,  U.  S.,  377;  recognition  of  citizen’s 
rights,  417 ;  first  to  appoint  women  post¬ 
masters,  418 ;  pardons  inspectors  who  reed. 
A.’s  vote,  452;  appointed  5,000  worn,  post¬ 
masters,  455 ;  did  not  protect  negro’s  ballot, 
522;  four  million  people  made  voters  by 
Amend.  XV.,  991. 

Grant,  Mrs.  U.  S.,  381 ;  70th  birthday  lunch¬ 
eon,  A.  rec.  with  her,  858. 

Gray,  Almedia,  suit  under  Wis.  school  suff. 
law.  624. 

Greatorex,  Eliza,  birthday  gift  to  A.,  976. 

Greeley,  Horace,  advocates  co-educat.  at 
People’s  College,  64;  tells  women  how  to 
manage  con.,  66;  83;  as  host,  86;  shows  up 
action  of  men  at  Brick  church  meeting,  89 ; 
temp,  tracts,  church  matters,  97  ;  condemns 
mob  at  W.  R.  con.,  103;  pub.  A.’s  pi’Ogram 
without  charge,  122 ;  favors  woman  in  poli¬ 
tics,  believes  she  shd.  judge  for  herself,  125 ; 
disgruntled  with  suff.  advocates,  146 ;  recog. 
rights  of  women,  147 ;  192 ;  thunders  agnst. 
divorce,  194;  emancip.  of  negroes,  221;  A. 
hoped  wd.  redeem  pledge  to  women,  225; 
263;  ridicules  ballot  for  woman,  267 ;  270; 
encounter  with  A.,  278;  chmn.  suff.  com.  in 
N.  Y.  Constitut.  Con.,  279;  anger  over  wife’s 
petit.,  forbids  Mrs.  Stn.’s  name  in  Tribune, 
280 ;  favors  worn.  suff.  in  May,  opp.  in  Oct., 
281 ;  290 ;  bids  women  stand  aside,  300 ;  pres. 
Hester  Vaughan  meet.,  309;  deserts  worn, 
suff.,  317 ;  at  McFarland-Richardson  mar¬ 
riage,  351 ;  does  not  desire  help  of  women  in 
campn.,  420;  Repubs,  fear  his  election,  421; 
death,  428;  opp.  worn.  suff.  in  Constitut. 
Con.  of  1887,  771 ;  urges  workingmen  to  vote 
Whig  ticket,  999. 

Greeley,  Mrs.  H.,  83;  as  hostess,  86;  choice 
of  husband,  87 ;  gets  suff.  petit,  in  own 
county,  279;  280;  304;  not  represent,  by 
husband,  771. 

Greeley,  Ida,  279 ;  327. 

Green,  Rev.  Beriah,  193 ;  208 ;  attitude  of 
abolit.  toward  war,  214. 

Green,  Dr.  Cordelia,  901. 

Green,  Mrs.  Newton,  642. 

Greenleaf,  Halbert  S.,  friend  of  suff.,  583; 
713 ;  in  trod.  res.  for  16th  Amend,  in  House, 
718;  772;  806. 

Greenleaf,  Jean  Brooks,  711 ;  729 ;  indigna¬ 
tion  at  omission  of  women  in  charter, 
732;  recep.  to  A.,  739;  nominated  dele,  to 
Consti.  Con.,  759;  work  for  worn.  suff. 
amend,  in  N.  Y.,  760;  trib.  to  Mary  S. 
Anthony,  761 ;  at  suff.  rally,  762 ;  before  N. Y. 
Consti.  Con.,  768;  trib.  to  A.,  772;  before 
res.  Com.  at  Rep.  con.,  774;  at  N.  Y.  Dem. 
con.,  775;  806;  on  Worn.  Bible  res.  856;  ad. 


on  A.’s  birthday,  860;  at  Mary  Anthony’s  re¬ 
cep.,  816. 

Greenwood,  Grace,  describes  women  at 
suff.  con.,  314 ;  561 ;  566 ;  at  A.’s  recep.,  739. 

Grew,  Mary,  first  meets  A.,  122;  193;  251; 
congrat.  A.  on  Wyoming,  676 ;  902. 

Griffing,  Josephine  S.,  founds  Freedmen’s 
Bureau,  239  ;  260;  pres.  D.  C.  Suff.  Assn., 
313;  327;  350  ;  372;  377;  suff.  headqrs.  at 
Capitol,  encouraging  signs,  381 ;  383  ;  387. 

Griffith,  Mrs.,  yields  time  to  A.,  609. 

Griffith,  Mattie,  (See  Brown). 

Grimke,  Angelina.  (See  Weld). 

Grimke,  Sarah,  early  work,  369. 

Gripenberg,  Baroness  Alexandra,  641. 

Gross,  Samuel  E.,  750;  841. 

Gross,  Mrs.  Samuel  E.,  entertains  A.  during 
World’s  Fair,  750;  let.  and  gift  to  A.,  751; 
gift,  757 ;  presents  A.  $1,000,  velvet  cloak, 
etc.,  803 ;  entertains  A.  in  Chi.  and  St.  Louis, 
821;  gift  to  A.,  841;  statuette  with  A.,  862; 
New  Yrs.  gift  to  A.,  900;  present  to  Mary 
Anthony,  916. 

Groth,  Sophia  Magelsson,  ad.  Sen.Com.,640. 

Grover,  A.  J.,  at  A.’s  lecture  in  Chi.,  468. 

Gullen,  Dr.  Augusta  S.,  658. 

Hagar,  Daniel  B.,  principal  Canajoharie 
Acad.,  girls’  high  school,  Salem,  Mass.,  49. 

Hair,  Minette  Cheshire,  descrip,  of  rooms 
where  biog.  was  writ.,  910. 

H ALDERMAN,  MAYOR  JOHN  A.,  287. 

Hale,  John  P.,  226. 

Hale,  Hon.  Matthew,  opp.  to  worn,  suff., 
769 ;  770. 

Hall,  Israel,  gift  to  A.,  492. 

Hall,  N.  K.,  U.  S.  Dist.  Judge,  hears  argu. 
in  A.’s  case,  428;  denies  writ  of  hab.  corp. 
and  increases  bail,  432 ;  present  at  A.’s  trial 
but  refuses  to  assist,  437. 

Hall,  Olivia  B.,  gift  to  A.,  492;  658;  hospi¬ 
tality  and  generos.  to  A.,  755;  at  Toledo, 
756;  862. 

Hall,  Dr.  Sarah  C.,  697. 

Hall,  Wm.  B.,  election  inspector,  423 ;  tried 
without  being  brought  into  court,  444. 

Hallock,  Frances  V.,  234. 

Hallock,  Sarah,  159. 

Hallowell,  Wm.  R.,  signs  call  for  woman’s 
temp,  con.,  67. 

Hallowell,  William  and  Mary,  their 
home  A.’s  Mecca,  104;  446. 

Hallowell,  Mary,  177;  Phillips’  lunch,  217; 
711 ;  806. 

Hamilton,  Alexander,  right  over  subsist¬ 
ence,  power  over  moral  being,  385 ;  1007. 

Hamilton,  Emerine  J.,  leaves  $500  to  A.,  654. 

Hamilton,  Gail,  bright  let.,  322. 

Hamilton,  Margaret  V.,  654. 


INDEX. 


1051 


Hamlin,  Hannibal,  339. 

Hammond,  Nath.  J.,  St.  Sen.,  189. 

Hammond,  Dr.  Wm,  A.,  pres.  Six  O’clock 
Club,  648. 

Hampton,  Wade,  pres.  Demo.  Natl.  Con.,  519. 

Hanaford,  Rev.  Phebe  A.,  322 ;  636. 

Hancock,  Gen.,  favors  worn,  claims,  520. 

Harbert,  Elizabeth  Boynton,  360;  511; 
welcomes  suff.  con.,  517 ;  let.  to  A.,  535 ;  first 
to  suggest  natl.  celebrat.  A.’s  birthday, 
542 ;  A.  visits,  609  ;  628 ;  668. 

Harlan,  Senator  James,  grants  worn,  hear¬ 
ing  before  Senate  com.,  314. 

Harper,  Ida  H.,  State  sec.  Ind.  arranges 
cons.,  626;  cor.  sec.  Sampn.  com.  in  Calif., 
863;  chmn.  Press  com.  visits  with  A.,  eds. 
daily  papers  in  San  Fr.,  866 ;  work  on  papers, 
867;  868;  at  Rep.  St.  Con.,  869;  descrip,  of 
A.  and  Miss  Shaw  bef.  res.  com.,  870;  scene 
in  Dem.  con.,  873;  A.  invites  to  write  her 
biog.,  work  begins,  909 ;  writing  of  book,  910 ; 
in  attic  workrooms,  911;  visits  with  A.  at 
Mrs.  Osborne’s,  917 ;  goes  with  A.  to  Sargent 
home,  Thousand  Islands,  926;  at  Anthony 
homestead,  940. 

Harper,  Winnifred,  edits  suff.  dept.  San  Fr. 
Report,  866. 

Harris,  Senator,  presents  Woodhull  petit., 
375. 

Harrison,  Benjamin,  A.  and  Mrs.  Sewall 
write  open  let.,  642;  open  let.  from  them 
on  “free  ballot”  plank  in  Repub.  plat., 
1013. 

Harrison,  Mrs.  Benj.,  660;  rec.  Worn.  Coun¬ 
cil,  703. 

Harrison,  Carter,  escorts  A.  to  plat,  of 
Demo.  Natl.  Con.,  519. 

Haskell,  Asst.  Atty.-Gen.  Ella  Knowles, 
.at  Wash,  con.,  851. 

Haslam,  Mrs.,  572. 

Hatch,  Rev.  Junius,  indecent  speech  agnst. 
women,  76. 

Haven,  Bishop  Gilbert,  spks.  at  suff.  con., 
322;  favors  worn,  suff.,  588. 

Havens,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  C.,  entertain  A.,  877. 

Hawley,  Genevieve  Lel,  priv.  sec.  to  A., 
assists  in  biog.,  909. 

Hawley,  Gen.  Joseph  R.,  refuses  women 
permis.  to  read  their  Dec.  of  Ind.,  477  ;  478. 

Hawthorne,  Rev.  J.  B,,  preaches  agnst. 
worn,  suff.,  810. 

Hay,  Mary  G.,  manag.  meet,  in  N.  Y.  campn., 
761;  ch.  St.  Cent.  Com.  Calif,  campn.,  863; 
manages  county  cons.,  864;  at  Repub.  St. 
Con.,  869;  takes  charge  headqrs.  in  San 
Fr..  875. 

Hay,  Judge  Wm.,  helps  A.  at  Saratoga  con., 
120;  assists  A.,  dedicates  and  wills  novel  to 
Her,  144 ;  157. 

Hayes,  Rutherford  B.,  499;  forgets  women, 


500;  can  not  protect  negro’s  ballot,  522; 
friend  of  worn,  suff.,  757. 

Hayes,  Mrs.  Rutherford  B.,  at  Luc.  Mott 
memorial,  526. 

Hayford,  J.  H.,  history  of  suff.  law  in  Wyom¬ 
ing,  407 ;  on  its  working,  497. 

Hazeltine,  L.,  rebukes  A.  for  speaking  in 
public,  143. 

Hazen,  J.  T.,  wd.  not  count  votes  of  women, 70. 

Hearst,  Phoebe  A.,  compli.  A.,  677;  gives 
$1,000  to  Calif,  worn.  suff.  campn.,  888 ;  re¬ 
spect  for  A.,  889. 

Hearst,  Wm.  R.,  A.  begs  to  bring  Examiner 
out  for  worn,  suff.,  867. 

Hebard,  Mary  L.,  registers  and  votes,  424; 
votes  again,  434. 

Hedenberg,  Isabella,  676. 

Hemphill,  Gen.  Robt.  R.,  at  suff.  con.,  811. 

Hemphill,  Mrs.  W.  A.,  recep.  to  con.,  810. 

Henderson,  Mary  Foote,  Vice-pres.  Natl. 
Suff.  Assn.,  327. 

Hendricks,  Thomas  A.,  594. 

Hennessy  Lady,  575. 

Henrotin,  Ellen  M.,  702;  inv.  natl.  suff. 
assn,  to  Worn.  Cong.,  704;  vice-pres.  Worn. 
Cong.  Aux.,  745;  asks  A.’s  advice  and  help, 
748;  New  Year’s  greeting  to  A.,  900. 

Henry,  Judge,  introduces  A.,  492. 

Henry,  Prof.  Joseph,  refuses  Smithsonian 
Hall  to  women,  118. 

Henry,  Josephine  K.,  at  Atlanta  con.,  811. 

Hewitt,  Rev.,  condemns  women’s  work  in 
reforms,  89. 

Hewitt,  Hon.  Abram  S.,  objects  to  worn, 
suff.,  770. 

Higginson,  Rev.  Thos.  Went.,  stands  by 
women  at  Brick  church  meet.,  88;  doubts 
propriety  of  hold.  worn.  temp,  con.,  96 ;  130 ; 
132 ;  sermon  on  True  Greatness,  133 ;  163 ;  270 ; 
275;  endorses  worn,  suff.,  284;  wants  Lucy 
Stone  to  preside  at  con.,  303 ;  328. 

Hildreth,  Mrs.  E.  S.,  809. 

Hill,  David  B.,  recommends  women  in  N.  Y. 
Constit.  Con.,  758. 

Hill,  David  J.,  pres.  Roch.  Uni  vers.,  favors 
admit,  women,  713. 

Hills,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wm.  Henry,  571. 

Hindman,  Matilda,  in  Col.  campn.,  492;  in 
Neb.,  545 ;  in  S.  Dak.,  685. 

Hinckley,  Rev.  Frederick  W.,  ad.  suff. 
con.,  541;  632;  response  at  A.’s  birthday 
banq.,  666. 

Hinson,  ex-Justice  Geo.,  leads  mob,  208. 

Hirst,  Rev.  A.  C.,  830. 

Hoar,  Senator  Geo.  F.,  hopes  to  see  A.  mem¬ 
ber  of  House,  485;  reports  in  favor  worn, 
suff.  and  worn,  to  prac.  bef.  Sup.  Court,  502 ; 
champions  worn,  rights  com.,  540 ;  620 ;  let. 
on  A.’s  birthday,  669;  favorable  report  on 
worn,  suff.,  718. 


1052 


INDEX. 


Hoch,  E.  Wm  778. 

Hoffman,  Gov.  John  T.,  353. 

Hollister,  Mrs.  George,  gift  to  A.,  739. 

Holloway,  Laura  C.,  invites  A.  to  ad.  Seidl 
Club,  653. 

Holloway, Col. Wm.R.,  favors  worn. suff., 547. 

Holmes,  Kate  Turner,  878. 

Holmes,  Oliver  Wendell,  Berkshire  peo¬ 
ple,  2. 

Hooker,  Isabella  Beecher,  comes  into 
suff.  work,  331 ;  visits  with  A.  and  Mrs.  Stn. 
at  Mrs.  Davis’,  greatly  pleased,  pays  trib. 
to  both,  332 ;  optimist,  view  of  suff.  cause, 
own  humility,  praise  for  A.,  334;  works  30 
yrs.  for  worn,  suff.,  tries  to  unite  two  wings 
of  suff.  party,  335 ;  337  ;  writes  of  Sumner,  339 ; 
reads  husband’s  poem  A.’s  birthday,  342; 
343;  350;  devises  schemes  for  Rev.,  356; 
agrees  to  help  edit,  wishes  name  of  paper 
changed,  wants  Mrs.  Tilton  at  Wash,  con., 
357 ;  urged  by  friends  not  to  help  Rev.,  de¬ 
clines,  358 ;  offers  to  take  charge  Wash,  con., 
writes  Mrs.  Stan.,  371;  “need  not  have 
another  suff.  con.,”  can  get  on  without  Mrs. 
Stan.,  372;  prominent  speakers  fail,  373; 
devotion  to  cause,  con.  a  success,  valuable 
worker,  374 ;  refuses  to  hear  Mrs.  WoodhuH, 
reconsiders,  375 ;  ad.  Cong.  Com.,  376 ;  writes 
declaration  and  pledge,  gives  sister  Cath¬ 
erine  let.  to  Mrs.  Woodhull,  378 ;  result,  379 ; 
hopes  for  woman’s  deliverance  thro.  Repub. 
party,  381 ;  repudiates  Repub.  and  looks 
to  Demo,  for  support,  382 ;  ad.  Sen.  Com., 
410 ;  call  for  forming  new  party,  413 ;  criti¬ 
cises  A.,  414;  interview  with  Doolittle  at 
Natl.  Demo.  Con.,  417 ;  lect.  tour  of  Conn, 
with  A.,  456;  describes  A.’s  pathetic  sp., 
534;  628;  629;  at  Natl.  Rep.  Con.,  Chic.,  641; 
664;  genius  and  intellect,  665;  A.’s  birth¬ 
day  banq.,  668  ;  705;  golden  wed.,  709;  ad. 
Cong.  Corns., 718 ;  at  Demo.  Natl.  Con., Chic., 
ad.  com.,  remains  in  con.  till  morn,  hoping 
for  chance  to  spk.,  725;  A.  wd.  love  to  visit 
self  and  husb.,  898;  birthday  gift  to  A.,  976. 

Hooker  John,  poem  on  A.,s  birthday,  342; 
confidence  in  A.,  462 ;  sympathy  for  A.  in  S. 
Dak.,  689 ;  golden  wed.  709 ;  899. 

Hopper,  Isaac  T.,  304. 

Horton,  Chief-Justice,  A.  H.,  congrat.  A.  on 
munic.  suff.  in  Kan.,  611 ;  opp.  to  suff.  pi.  in 
Rep.  plat.,  779;  begs  worn,  not  to  demand 
it,  782. 

Hosmer,  President,  compli.  A.,  380. 

Hosmer,  Harriet,  wants  Natl.  Art.  Assn,  of 
women,  655 ;  656 ;  668 ;  work  on  statue  Lin¬ 
coln,  821. 

Hough,  Susan  M.,  registers  and  votes,  424. 

Hovey,  Charles  F.,  131;  132;  legacy  for  re¬ 
form  work,  182 ;  251 ;  after  slavery  was 


abolished  intended  his  legacy  for  worn, 
suff.,  269. 

Howard,  Emma  Shafter,  834  ;  877. 

Howard,  H.  Augusta,  arranges  suff.  con., 
810 ;  A.  visits,  812. 

Howard,  Gen.  O.  O.,  249. 

Howe,  Judge  Isaac,  introduces  A.,  657. 

Howe,  Julia  Ward,  328;  chmn.  com.  for 
unit,  two  assns.,  629;  638;  ad.  Sen.  com., 
640  ;  675;  at  Fed.  Clubs,  720. 

Howe,  Melintha,  47. 

Howe,  Nancy  (see  Clark.) 

Howell,  Mary  Seymour,  in  S.  Dak.,  685; 
anec.  of  A.,  690;  exjyrience  in  poor  hotel, 
landlady’s  comments,  A.’s  speech  at  Madi¬ 
son  on  admis.  of  Wyoming,  691;  dramatic 
scene,  692;  in  Kan.  campn.,  719;  sees  gov. 
about  appointing  women,  730;  in  N.  Y. 
campn.  761;  speaks  in  Rochester,  762;  ad¬ 
dresses  N.  Y.  Constitut.  Con.,  769;  A.’s 
birthday,  860. 

Howells,  Wm.  Dean,  for  worn,  suff.,  764. 

Howland,  Emily,  676;  772;  A.’s  love,  773; 
spks.  in  Atlanta,  811 ;  opp.  res.  agnst.  worn. 
Bible,  854  ;  visits  Mrs.  Osborne,  917. 

Howland,  Fannie,  describes  women  at 
cong.  hearing,  338. 

Howland,  Isabel,  work  in  N.  Y.  campn.,  773. 

Hoxie,  Hannah  Anthony,  famous  Quaker 
preacher,  6 ;  should  come  back  to  old  home¬ 
stead,  941 ;  in  old  Quaker  church,  947. 

Hubbell,  Mr.  and  Mrs.,  recep.  to  con.,  903. 

Huberwtald,  Florence,  808. 

Hudson,  Eliza,  minority  report  worn.  suff. 
plank  at  Kan.  Popu.  con.,  789. 

Hughes,  Mrs.  (Gov.),  dele.  Wash,  con.,  851. 

Hugo,  Victor,  telegram  to  suff.  con.,  496. 

Hultin,  Rev.  Ida  C.,  702. 

Hume,  Mrs.  Milton,  809. 

Humphrey,  L.  H.,  St.  Sen.,  asks  A.  to  spk.  at 
wife’s  funeral,  908. 

Humphrey,  Maude,  entertains  A.,  739,  A.’s 
tribute  at  funeral,  908. 

Hunt,  Dr.  Harriot  K.,  131;  ready  to  work 
for  worn,  suff.,  252, 

Hunt,  Associate  Justice  Ward,  presides  at 
A.’s  trial,  436;  refuses  to  allow  A.  to  testify 
but  admits  her  testimony  before  Com’r., 
437 ;  delivers  writ.  opin.  without  leaving 
bench,  438;  directs  jury  to  bring  in  verdict 
of  guilty,  refuses  to  poll  jury,  denies 
new  trial,  spirited  encounter  with  A.,  439; 
fines  her  $100,  440 ;  influenced  by  Conkling, 
condemned  by  newspapers,  441 ;  Van  Voor- 
his’  opinion  of,  444 ;  few  apologists,  449. 

Hunter,  Gen.  David,  freed  million  slaves, 
959. 

Hussey,  Cornelia  Collins,  on  shipboard 
with  A.,  579 ;  New  Yrs.  gift  to  A.,  900. 


INDEX. 


1053 


Huston.  Joseph  W.,  Sup.  Judge,  Idaho,  de¬ 
cides  in  favor  worn,  suif.,  919. 

Hutchings, - ,  393. 

Hutchinson,  Abby,  sings  for  women,  162; 
death,  737 ;  (see  Hutch.  Family). 

Hutchinson,  Asa,  favors  worn,  suff.,  145. 

Hutchinson  Family,  sing  for  Loyal  League, 
227  ;  sing  at  worn.  Centennial,  479. 

Hutchinson,  Henry,  in  Kan.  campn.,  286; 
291. 

Hutchinson,  John,  favors  worn,  suff.,  146; 
in  Kan.  campn.,  286 ;  291 ;  665 ;  A.’s  birth¬ 
day  banq.,  668;  New  Yrs.  greet,  to  A.,  900; 
(see  Hutchinson  Family). 

Hutchinson,  Nellie,  describes  Rev.  office 
and  editors,  301. 

Hutchinson,  Viola,  in  Kan.  campn.,  286; 
291. 

Hyacinthe,  Pere,  369. 

Ingalls,  Mrs.  E.  B.,  821. 

Ingalls,  Senator  John  J.,  farewell  let.  to 
A.,  547;  votes  agnst.  worn,  suff.,  608 ;  votes 
agnst.  16th  Amend.,  asks  interview  with  A., 
621;  proposes  truce,  622;  Abilene  speech 
agnst.  suff.,  625;  will  not  argue  with  a 
woman,  626 ;  willing  to  stand  on  worn.  suff. 
plank,  “obscene  dogma,”  726. 

Ingalls,  Mrs.  John  J.,  entertains  A.,  626. 

Ingersoll,  Robt.  G.,  shows  injustice  of  laws 
and  declares  for  worn,  suff.,  345  ;  764. 

Irene,  Sister,  391 ;  foundling  hospital  in 
N.  Y.,  1005. 

Irish,  Col.  John  P.,  introd.  A.,  834;  asks 
permis.  for  A.  to  ad.  Calif.  Demo.  Con.,  874. 

Irving,  Henry,  A.  hears. 

Ivens,  Mrs.  C.  H.,  833. 

Jackson,  Francis,  131;  gift  to  worn,  rights 
cause,  166 ;  father  of  Mrs.  Eddy,  539. 

Jackson,  Senator  Howell  E.,  reports 
agnst.  worn,  suff.,  543. 

Jackson,  James,  132;  539. 

Jackson,  Dr.  Kate,  let.  to  A.,  335. 

Jacobi,  Mary  Putnam,  petit,  for  worn,  suff., 
764 ;  ad.  N.  Y.  Consti.  Con.,  768  ;  802 ;  ad. 
N.  Y.  legis.,  914. 

James,  Alvan,  marries  A.’s  niece,  652. 

James,  Helen  Louise  Mosher,  488;  lives  in 
home  of  A.,  513 ;  552 ;  marries,  family  spirit, 
652 ;  659 ;  present  to  Mary  S.  Anthony,  916. 

Jameson,  Judge,  agnst.  worn,  suff.,  985. 

Jefferson,  Thomas,  urged  ballot  for  work¬ 
ingmen,  998. 

Jenkins,  Dean  M.,  four  workers  instead  of 
one,  176. 

Jenkins,  Helen  Philleo,  stands  by  A.  at 
teachers’  convs.,  176. 

Jenkins,  Therese,  pres.  A.’s  lect.,  823;  824. 


Jennet,  Mrs.  E.  S.,  762. 

Jewell,  Postmaster-Gen.,  334. 

Jewell,  Mrs.,  357. 

Jex-Blake,  Dr.  Sophia,  A.  visits,  570;  575. 

Johns,  Laura  M.,  in  Kan.  campn.,  609;  625; 
628 ;  629 ;  ad.  Wash,  con.,  647 ;  trib.  to  A.,  671 ; 
in  S.  Dak.  685 ;  begs  A.  to  come  to  Kan.,  she 
shall  get  no  wounds  there,  715 ;  renews  ap¬ 
peals,  719 ;  at  Kan.  Repub.  Con.,  726 ;  makes 
Repub.  speeches,  728;  Repubs,  and  Popu. 
pledg.  to  suff.  planks,  777 ;  president  Repub. 
Worn.  St.  Assn.,  puts  worn.  suff.  first,  778; 
Repubs,  trying  to  influ.,  worried  about  ask¬ 
ing  for  planks,  779 ;  officers  of  natl.  assn, 
write  no  hope  without  planks,  bad  advisers, 
Mr.  Blackwell  urges  to  go  before  Repub. 
res.  com.,  780;  Anna  Shaw  writes  will  not 
spk.  unless  polit.  parties  endorse,  781 ;  effi¬ 
cient  campn.  manager,  tries  to  secure  pi., 
but  will  work  for  Repubs,  anyhow,  783 ;  A. 
writes  not  to  listen  to  siren  tongues,  7^4 ; 
angry  at  A.’s  Kan.  City  speech,  president 
Repub.  Worn.  Con.,  criticises  res.  com.  for 
not  demand,  pi.,  785;  presents  claims  of 
worn,  to  Repub.  Con.,  786;  Repub.  per  se., 
793 ;  794 ;  thinks  suff.  amend,  will  win,  795 ; 
favors  res.  agnst.  Worn.  Bible,  854. 

Johnson,  Adelaide,  makes  bust  of  A.,  677; 
makes  busts  of  Mrs.  Stn.,  Mrs.  Mott,  713 ;  722. 

Johnson,  Andrew,  southern  in  sympathy, 
255 ;  subscribes  for  Rev.,  297 ;  trial  not  so 
important  as  A.’s,  444 ;  proclam,  to  Missis¬ 
sippi,  960 ;  puts  power  in  hands  of  rebels, 
961 ;  claims  to  carry  out  purpose  of  Lincoln, 
967. 

Johnson,  George  G.,  49. 

Johnson,  George  W.,  vigorous  sentiments 
on  W.  R.,  73. 

Johnson,  Mary  H.,  676. 

Johnson,  Oliver,  161 ;  162 ;  resigns  editorship 
A.  S.  Standard,  246 ;  349. 

Johnson,  Philena,  inv.  A.  to  S.  Dak.,  656; 
A.  sends  $100,  695. 

Johnston,  Sup.  Judge,  opp.  to  suff.  pi.  in 
Kan.  Rep.  plat.,  779;  begs  worn,  not  to  de¬ 
mand  it,  782. 

Johnston,  R.  J.,  faithful  to  A.  and  Revolu¬ 
tion,  360. 

Johnston,  Sarah,  gift  to  A.,  976. 

Jones,  Benj.,  Garrisonian  speaker,  150. 

Jones,  Beverly  W.,  inspector  who  registered 
A.,  423. 

Jones,  Fernando,  380. 

Jones,  Mrs.  Fernando,  380 ;  446. 

Jones,  J.  Elizabeth,  Garrisonian  speaker, 
150;  178;  902. 

Jones,  Jane  Graham,  541. 

Jones,  Rev.  Jenkin  Lloyd,  invites  A.  to 
take  part  in  Lib.  Relig.  Cong.,  804;  as  Geo. 
Wash,  went  into  Continent.  Cong.,  805. 


1054 


INDEX. 


Jones,  Sen.  John  P.,  arranges  interview 
for  A.  with  Pres.  Arthur,  538 ;  assists  A.  at 
Repub.  con.,  723;  833. 

Jones,  Dr.  Jonas,  730. 

Jones,  Phebe  Hoag,  446;  death,  last  Abolit. 
in  Albany,  536. 

Jordan,  Pres.  David  S.,  invites  A.  to  Stan¬ 
ford  Univers.,  830. 

Judah,  Mary  Jameson,  recep.  for  A.,  807. 

Julian,  Geo.  W.,  endorses  worn,  suff.,  284; 
offers  amend,  to  Consti.  enfranchising 
worn.,  310;  bill  enfranchising  worn,  in  D. 
C.,311;  313;  317;  318;  375;  415;  904. 

Kalloch,  I.  S.,  opposes  worn,  suff.,  281. 

Heartland,  Fanny,  553. 

Kearney,  Dennis,  opp.  worn,  suff.,  518;  re¬ 
fuses  to  hear  A.  spk.,  519. 

Keefer,  Bessie  Starr,  ad.  Sen.  Com.,  640. 

Keeney,  E.  J.,  marshal  who  arrested  A.  for 
voting,  426. 

Keifer,  Warren,  M.  C.,  for  worn,  suff.,  584. 

Keith,  Eliza  D.,  suff.  dept,  in  San  Fr.  Bul¬ 
letin,  866. 

Keith  Wm.  A.,  presents  A.  with  painting  of 
Yosemite,  934. 

Keith,  Mrs.  Wm.  A.,  entertains  A.,  877. 

Kelley,  Florence,  564. 

Kelley,  Wm.  D.,  M.  C.,  endorses  worn.  suff. 
233;  564;  A.  begs  to  take  up  suff.  ques.,  584; 
ad.  suff.  con.,  647. 

Kellogg,  St.  Sen.  and  Mrs.  (Kan.),  644. 

Kenyon,  Eunice,  boarding  school,  39. 

Ketcham,  Smith  G.  and  Emily  B.,  720. 

Keyser,  Harriet  A.,  ad.  N.  Y.  Consti.  Con. 
768. 

Kimball,  Flora  M.,  833. 

Kimball,  Mary  Rogers,  let.  to  A.,  616. 

King,  Thomas  Starr,  191 ;  834. 

Kingsley,  Charles,  for  worn,  suff.,  368. 

Kirk,  Eleanor,  visits  Moyamensing  prison, 
309 ;  349 ;  353. 

Kirkman,  Mrs.  Van  Leer,  recep.  Worn. 
Council,  928. 

Kollock,  Rev.  Florence,  640. 

Kolsom,  Mayor  Jacob  C.,  welcomes  suff. 
con.,  626. 

Koltzoff,  Massalsky  Princess,  558. 

Korany,  Hannah  K.,  ad.  suff.  con.,  756. 

Krout,  Mary  H.,  A.  at  World’s  Fair,  751. 

Kuichling,  Mrs.  Emil,  730. 

Laboulaye,  funeral,  561. 

Lake,  Leonora  Barry  (see  Barry). 

Lapham,  Anson,  loans  A.  $4,000  for  Revolu¬ 
tion,  354;  presents  A.  with  her  notes,  448; 
gives  A.  $1,000,  468 ;  death,  481. 

Lapham,  Elbridge  G.,  believes  in  worn, 
suff.,  no  man  wd.  sell  right  to  vote,  455; 


prints  women’s  addresses,  512;  report  in 
favor  worn,  suff.,  543;  590;  591. 

Lapham,  Semantha  Vail,  772;  802;  847. 
Lamartine,  Alphonse  de,  “  universal  suff. 
only  basis,”  969. 

Lane,  Senator  James  H.,  wd.  “  colonize  ” 
negroes,  962. 

Lane,  Mrs.  James  H.,  287. 

Lang'ston,  Chas.,  negroorator  against  worn, 
suff.,  286. 

Langston,  John  M.,A.’s  kindness  to,  286. 
Langsberg,  Rabbi  Max,  714;  730. 
Langsberg,  Mrs.  Max,  730. 

Lattimore,  Prof,  and  Mrs.,  entertain  F.  E. 
Willard  and  A.,  472. 

Lauterbach,  Edward,  has  ad.  on  worn.  suff. 
printed,  768;  ad.  N.  Y.  Consti.  Con.  in  favor 
worn,  suff.,  770;  ad.  res.  com.  Rep.  con.  in 
favor,  774 ;  802. 

Lawrence,  Marg.  Stn.,  302;  at  A.’s  birth¬ 
day  banq.,  666;  917. 

Lease,  Mary  E.,  advocates  suff.  pi.  in  Kan. 

Popu.  plat.,  781. 

Lecky,  W.  E.  H.,  1006. 

Lee,  Ex-Gov.,  Wyoming,  533. 

Lee,  Kate  Beckwith,  A.’s  face  carv.  in 
memory  of  father,  733. 

Lee,  Rev.  Luther,  assists  worn,  delegates 
at  temp,  con.,  70. 

Lee,  Richard  Henry,  478. 

Leland,  Cyrus,  refuses  A.’s  offer  to  speak 
during  Kan.  campn.,794 ;  thinks  suff.  amend, 
will  carry,  796. 

Lemon,  George  C.,  676. 

Leonard,  Clara  T.,  office-holder  opp.  worn, 
suff.,  620. 

Lewelling,  Gov.  L.  D.,opp.  to  worn.  suff.  pi. 
in  Kan.  Popu.  plat.,  787 ;  speaks  for  worn, 
suff.,  795. 

Lewis,  Dio.,  women  must  only  coax,  457 ;  282. 
Lewis,  Sylvester,  challenges  A.’s  vote,  426. 
Leyden,  Margaret,  registers  and  votes,  424. 
Libertius,  Frau  Dr.,  559. 

Lincoln,  Abraham,  too  conservative,  207; 
calls  for  troops,  213 ;  Loyal  League  sends  ad¬ 
dress,  229 ;  255 ;  900 ;  A.  compared  to,  952 ; 
always  waited  for  voice  of  the  people,  967. 
Lincoln,  Frank,  566. 

Linn,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  S.  A.,  860. 

Lippincott,  Annie,  566. 

Livermore,  Mary  A.,  276;  315;  trib.  to  A., 
316 ;  advises  N.  E.  friends  to  forget  differ¬ 
ences,  will  write  articles  for  Rev.,  320;  322; 
res.  condemning  ‘‘free  love,”  324;  asks  if 
Natl.  Assn,  was  organized,  327;  and  if  A. 
will  join  her  in  west.  lect.  tour,  328 ;  merges 
Agitator  into  Worn.  Jour,  and  is  ed. -in¬ 
chief,  361 ;  A.  wd.  give  million  to  suff.,  676. 

Lockwood,  Belva  A.,  defends  A.  in  voting 
432 ;  479. 


INDEX 


1055 


Lockwood,  Mary  S.,  814. 

Logan,  Senator  John  A.,  champions  worn, 
rights  com.,  540;  friend  of  worn,  suff.,  594. 

Logan,  Mrs.  John  A.,  on  A.’s  birthday,  670. 

Logan,  Olive,  316 ;  322 ;  326 ;  360. 

Logan,  Millie  Burtis,  917. 

Long,  John  D.,  receives  con.,  favors  worn, 
suff.,  533. 

Longfellow,  Rev.  Samuel,  advocates  worn, 
suff.,  193. 

Longley,  Mrs.  M.  B.,  327. 

Lord,  Frances,  566. 

Loring,  Geo.  B.,  M.  C.,  introd.  bill  for  16th 
Amend.,  511. 

Loucks,  H.  L.,  pledges  A.  support  Farmer’s 
Alliance  for  worn,  suff.,  684;  candidate  for 
gov.,  does  not  mention  worn,  suff.,  686. 

Loughridge,Wm.,M.  C.,  endorses  worn,  suff., 
284;  reports  in  favor  worn,  suff.,  382;  pres. 
A.’s  appeal  for  remis.  of  fine  for  voting,  450. 

Lowe,  Robt.,  M.  P.,  opp.  suff.  for  working¬ 
men, and  then  proposes  to  educate  them,  997. 

Lowell,  Josephine  Shaw,  petit,  for  wqm. 
suff.,  764 ;  802. 

Lozier,  Dr.  Clemence  S.,  234;  visits  Moya- 
mensing  prison,  309;  349;  368;  faithfulness 
and  generosity  to  A.,  435 ;  446 ;  480 ;  495 ;  death, 
645;  A.  wears  ring,  932;  let.  and  gift  to  A., 
on  50th  birthday,  976. 

Lozier,  Dr.  Jennie  de  la  M.,  704. 

Lucas,  Margaret  Bright,  564 ;  565 ;  567 ;  576 ; 
577 ;  on  com.  for  internat.  organization,  579. 

Luce,  Gov.  Cyrus  G.,  introduces  A.,  617. 

Lundy,  Benjamin,  935. 

Luther,  Martin,  559. 

Lyon,  Mary,  706. 

Macomber,  Mrs.,  greets  natl.  con.  Iowa,  902. 

Madison,  James,  voice  in  making  laws,  right 
of  human  nature,  979. 

Maine,  Henry  C.,  spks.  for  suff.,  762. 

Maguire,  James  G.,  M.  C.,  spks.  for  worn, 
suff.  in  Calif,  campn.,  874. 

Manderson,  Mrs.  Chas.  F.,  660. 

Mandeville,  Rev., insults  worn. delegates, 69. 

Mann,  Charles,  pub.  Vol.  Ill  Hist.  Worn. 
Suff.,  600. 

Mann,  Rev.  N.  M.,  Garfield’s  relig.,  536;  697. 

Marsh,  President,  inv.  A.  to  ad.  Mt.  Union 
Coll.,  927. 

Marsh,  Edwin  F.,  inspector  who  reg.  A.,  423. 

Marsh,  Hon.  Luther  R.,  pres.  Repub.  meet., 
422. 

Martin,  Gov.  John  A.,  signs  Kan.  munic. 
worn.  suff.  bill,  611. 

Martin,  George,  ferries  A.  across  Missouri 
river,  291. 

Martin,  Attorney-Gen.  Luther,  each  indi- 
vid.  equally  free,  979. 

Martineau,  Harriet,  A.  visits  home,  571. 


Marvin,  Wm.,  stands  by  A.  at  Teach.  Con., 
157. 

Mason,  Mrs.,  in  Neb.,  545. 

Mason,  Hugh,  M.  P.,  presents  worn.  suff.  bill 
in  Parliament,  567. 

Mason,  Rev.  Joseph  K.,  ad.  suff.  con.,  762. 

Masson,  Prof.  David,  champions  co-educa¬ 
tion,  570. 

Matthews, Judge  Stanley, constit.amendts. 
established  polit.  equal,  of  all  citizens,  991. 

Maxwell,  Claudia  Howard,  arr.  suff.  con., 
810 ;  A.  visits,  812. 

May,  Rev.  Joseph,  478. 

May,  Samuel  J.,  friend  of  A.,  58;  assists 
temp,  women,  65 ;  encourages  worn.  dele, 
at  Syracuse  con.,  69;  helps  worn,  meet.,  70; 
on  worn,  weak  voices,  75 ;  audience  at  Al¬ 
bany  refuses  to  hear,  108;  opp.  Bloomer 
dress,  115;  comforting  let.  to  A.,  151;  con- 
grat.  A.  on  ad.  on  coSduca.,  164;  208;  hissed 
atRoch.,209;  opp.  Garrison  meet,  at  Syra¬ 
cuse,  210 ;  but  gives  assistance,  mobbed  and 
burned  in  effigy,  211 ;  conducts  funeral  serv. 
D.  Anthony,  224 ;  loyal  to  women,  270 ;  337 ; 
350;  centennial  birth,  celebra.,  927. 

May,  Samuel,  Jr.,  132 ;  appoints  A.  agent  for 
Am.  Anti.  Slav.  Soc.,  137 ;  recog.  her  ability, 
148 ;  let.  sympathy  to  A.  when  ill,  841. 

Mayer,  Mrs.  D.  W.,  writes  A.  come  to  S. 
Dak.,  682. 

Maynard,  Col.  J.  B.,  editorial  in  favor  of 
worn,  suff.,  517. 

Mayo,  Rev.  A.  D.,  on  worn,  rights,  73;  190; 
tilt  with  A.,  196. 

McAdow,  Clara  L.,  675. 

McBurney,  Rev.  S.  E.,  opp.  worn,  suff.,  283. 

McCall,  John  A.,  let.  to  A.,  136. 

McCann,  Lucy  Underwood,  indebtedness  of 
women  to  A.,  871. 

McClintock,  Mary  Ann,  called  first  W.  R. 
Con.,  369. 

McCoid,  Moses  A.,  rep.  favor  worn,  suff.,  590. 

McComas,  Alice  Moore,  praise  for  A.,  862; 
spks.  for  worn.  suff.  in  Calif,  campn.,  875. 

McCook,  Gov.  and  Mrs.,  of  Colo.,  entertain 
A.,  387. 

McCready,  Mrs.,  131. 

McCulloch,  Catharine  Waugh,  940. 

McCulloch,  Ex-Sec.  Hugh,  writes  A.,  704; 
endors.  worn,  suff.,  705. 

McDowell,  Annie,  trib.  to  A.,  489;  dedicates 
song  to  her,  548. 

McDonald,  Sen.  Jos.  E.,  favors  admit, 
woman  to  prac.  before  Sup.  Court,  5Q2; 
advocates  com.  on  worn,  rights,  527. 

McFarland,  Daniel,  kills  Richardson,  ac¬ 
quitted  on  ground  of  insanity,  351 ;  353. 

McKay,  Judge,  agnst.  worn,  suff.,  985. 

McKee,  Mrs.,  405. 

McKenna,  Luke,  leads  mob,  211. 


1056 


INDEX. 


McLaren,  Dr.  Agnes,  A.  praises,  568. 

McLaren,  Priscilla  Bright,  565;  567;  lov¬ 
ing  let.  to  A.,  569 ;  com.  for  internatl.  organ- 
iza.,  579. 

McLaren,  Eva  Muller,  spks.  at  worn.  suff. 
meet.,  566. 

McLaughlin,  Major  Frank,  ch.  Cal.,  Re¬ 
pub.  Cent.  Com.  refuses  worn.  suff.  speakers 
place  on  Repub.  plat.  “  too  many  bonnets,” 
883;  writes  county  ckmn.  to  refuse  them 
place,  884. 

McLean,  Aaron,  takes  Anthony  family  to 
Battenville,  17 ;  criticises  A.  for  abolition¬ 
ism,  39 ;  defends  Van  Buren,  condemns  Clay 
and  Webster,  42;  marries  A.’s  sister,  43; 
humorous  letter  on  raspberry  exper.,  159. 

McLean,  Ann  Eliza,  trip  with  A.,  218 ;  death, 
241. 

McLean,  Guelma  Anthony,  born,  12;  mar¬ 
ries  Aaron  McLean,  43 ;  registers  and  votes, 
324 ;  death,  447. 

McLean,  Judge  John,  offers  partnership  to 
Mr.  A.,  17 ;  on  rum  drinking,  18. 

McLean,  Rev.  John  K.,  370;  in  Yosemite, 
393;  at  Mirror  Lake,  394;  invites  A.  and 
Miss  Shaw  into  pulpit,  826. 

McLean,  John  R.,  entertains  A.,  677. 

McLean,  Mrs.  John  R.,  entertains  A.,  677; 
recep.  to  A.,  814 ;  70th  birthday  luncheon  for 
Mrs.  Grant,  858. 

McLean,  Thomas  King,  death,  369. 

McLendon,  Mrs.  M.  L.,  Atlanta  Club,  811. 

McRae,  Emma  Mont,  ad.  Cong.  Com.,  511. 

McVicar,  Mayor  John,  welcomes  natl.  suff. 
con.  Des  Moines,  902. 

McVicker,  Mrs.,  824, 

Medill,  Joseph,  trib.  to  A.  in  Chi.  Tribune, 
549;  572. 

Meeker,  Hon.  Ezra  V.,  676. 

Mellen,  Mrs.,  564;  565;  recep.  to  A.  and  Mrs. 
Stn.,  566. 

Mellen,  Nathaniel,  566, 

Melliss,  Davtd  M.,  furnishes  funds  for  The 
Revolution,  295;  stands  by  the  paper,  299; 
breakfast  to  A.  and  Mrs.  Stn.,  305;  308; 
put  $7,000  in  Rev.,  354. 

Melliss,  Ernest  and  Norman,  407. 

Mendenhall,  Dinah,  death,  leaves  $1,000  to 
A.,  heirs  refuse  payment,  660. 

Meredith,  Virginia  C.,  702. 

Meriman,  Emelie  J.,  369. 

Meriwether,  Elizabeth  A.,  first  appear¬ 
ance  on  Natl,  plat.,  607 ;  pres.  Memphis 
Suff.  Club,  807 ;  spks.  Atlanta  con.,  811. 

Merriam,  Mrs.  A.  B.,  519. 

Merrick,  Judge  E.  T.,  597 ;  praise  for  A.,  608 ; 
807 ;  902. 

Merrick,  Caroline  E.,  597 ;  ashamed  of  Sen. 
Eustis,  let.  to  A.,  608;  ad.  suff.  con.,  639;  in- 
trod.  A.  in  N.  Orleans,  808. 


Merritt,  Mrs.  John  J.,  349. 

Milburn,Rev.  Wm.  Henry, refuses  represent. 

chamber  to  women,  118. 

Mill,  John  Stuart,  337 ;  champions  univers. 
suff.  bill.,  997. 

Miller,  Caroline  Hallowell,  opp.  res. 

agnst.  Worn.  Bible,  854. 

Miller,  E.  W.,  insulting  sp.  on  worn,  suff., 
686;  disgraces  Democ.,  687. 

Miller,  Eliz.  Smith,  first  to  wear  Bloomer 
costume,  113;  304;  goes  to  Gov.  Geary,  310; 
327;  462;  visits  Mrs.  Osborne  with  A.,  714; 
762;  900;  918;  entertains  A.  and  Mrs.  Stn., 
927. 

Miller,  Florence  Fenwick,  564 ;  trib.  to  A. 

at  World’s  Fair,  747. 

Miller,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lewis,  652. 

Mills,  C.  D.  B.,  aids  Garrison,  meet.,  211. 
Mills,  Harriet  May,  in  N.  Y.  campn.,  761; 

773;  manages  cons,  in  Calif.,  864. 

Mills,  W.  H.,  685. 

Minor,  Francis,  first  to  claim  worn,  right  to 
vote  under  Amend.  XIV,  331 ;  338 ;  383 ;  argues 
before  Sup.  Court  on  woman’s  right  to  vote 
under  Amend.  XIV,  453 ;  death,  737. 

Minor,  Virginia  L.,  pres.  Mo.  Assn.,  315 ;  327 ; 
claims  worn,  right  to  vote  under  Amend. 
XIV,  331 ;  383 ;  votes  and  carries  case  to  Sup. 
Court,  453 ;  483 ;  gives  A.  compli.  from  W. 
Phillips,  494;  pres.  suff.  con.,  entertains  A., 
506;  in  Neb.  campn.,  545 ;  546 ;  629 ;  tries  to 
arr.  for  A.  to  ad.  Catholics,  649  ;  659 ;  death, 
leaves  A.  $1,000,  803. 

Mitchell,  Senator  John  H.,  406 ;  407 ;  mock 
trial  on  snow  bound  train,  408 ;  rep.  in  favor 
worn,  suff.,  502. 

Mitchell, Maria, A. visits  at  Vassar,622 ;  ‘‘too 
old  to  dare  do  nothing,”  635 ;  death,  660. 
Mixer,  Carolyn  Louise,  679. 

Moffett,  Mrs.  P.  A.,  742. 

Moore,  Mrs.  and  Mrs.  A.  A.,  877. 

Moore,  E.  M.,  fav.  admit,  worn.  Roch. 
Univers.,  “boys  are  breadwinner,”  713; 
gives  A.  medical  certificate,  136;  spks.  for 
suff.,  762 ;  A.  attends  golden  wedding,  929. 
Moore,  Rebecca,  355;  Eng.  corres.  for  Rev., 
359  ;  560 ;  586 ;  567  ;  goes  with  A.  to  Edin¬ 
burgh,  568. 

Morgan,  Gov.  E.  Designs  Married  Woman’s 
Property  Bill,  180. 

Morgan,  John  T.,  Sup.  Judge,  Idaho,  de¬ 
cides  in  favor  worn,  suff.,  919. 

Morgan,  John  T.,  Senator,  opp.  com.  on 
worn,  rights,  541. 

Morse,  Mrs.  S.  B.,  349. 

Morrill,  Rev.,  729. 

Morrill,  Gav.  E.  N.,  796;  797. 

Morris,  Judge,  Esther,  479;  first  worn, 
judge,  823. 

Morris,  Helen  Lewis,  811. 


INDEX 


1057 


Morris,  Dr.  Sarah,  762.  • 

Morton,  Gov.  Levi  P.,  561 ;  reappoints  A.  on 
board  St.  Indus.  Sch.,  731. 

Morton,  Senator  Oliver  P.,  argument  for 
worn.  suff.,  500;  spks.  on  worn,  suff.,  death, 
501 ;  1014. 

Mosher,  Arthur  A.,  598. 

Mosher,  Mrs.  Arthur  A.,  598;  672. 

Mosher,  Eugene,  marries  A.’s  sister,  46. 

Mosher,  Anthony  Hannah,  born,  12 ;  mar¬ 
ries  Eugene  Mosher,  46 ;  registers  and  votes, 
424 ;  recep.  to  inspect,  of  election,  453 ;  fail¬ 
ing  health,  487 ;  death,  488. 

Mosher,  Helen  Louise  (see  James). 

Mosher,  Wendell  Phillips,  marriage,  679. 

Mott,  Abigail,  explains  Unitarianism,44 ;  58. 

Mott,  Anna  C.,  friendship  for  A.,  756. 

Mott,  James,  at  Syracuse  W.  R.  Con.,  72;  ar¬ 
ranges  suff.  meet,  in  Phila.,  119 ;  stands  by 
women,  251 ;  756. 

Mott,  Lucretia,  Discourse  on  Women,  59; 
pres.  Syr.  W.  R.  Con.,  opp.  to  woman  as 
pres-,  first  W.  R.  Con.,  72;  as  mother,  76; 
invites  A.  to  visit,  washes  dishes  and  enter¬ 
tains  guests,  122 ;  cheering  let.  to  A.,  130 ;  163 ; 
confidence  in  A.  and  Mrs.Stn.,  195 ;  Garrison¬ 
ian  and  W.  R.  meet,  at  Albany,  212 ;  spks. 
Worn.  Loyal  League,  237 ;  opp.  to  disband. 
Anti-Slav.  Soc.,  246;  251;  trib.  of  Independ¬ 
ent,  253 ;  parting  words  to  con.  in  New  York, 
260;  true  to  woman’s  cause,  268  ;  303;  pres, 
first  Wash,  con.,  313 ;  314 ;  A.’s  unselfishness, 
329 ;  adheres  to  Natl.  Assn.,  335 ;  Geo.  Down¬ 
ing  decl.  man  shd.  dominate  woman,  340; 
goes  to  N.  Y.  conf.  to  unite  suff.  org.,  346; 
347  ;  348 ;  called  first  W.  R.  Con.,  369 ;  gift  to 
A. ,  370 ;  434 ;  sends  A.  money  for  law  suit,  446 ; 
pres,  and  spks.  at  worn,  centennial  meet,  in 
Phila.,  drinks  tea  at  headqrs.,  479 ;  sends  tea 
and  thanks  to  A.,  480;  at  30th  worn,  rights 
annivers.,  495;  attends  last  con.,  496;  A.’s 
last  sight  of,  512;  death,  character,  525; 
memorial  serv.  at  Wash,  con.,  523 ;  A.’s  trib., 
527 ;  suff.  pioneer,  547 ;  549 ;  bust,  by  Ad. 
Johnson,  713;  854;  895;  915;  sentiment  to 
bride  and  groom,  923 ;  934. 

Mott,  Lydia,  58;  advises  women  to  hold 
separate  temp,  meet.,  65;  work  in  1840-48, 
82;  denies  woman  loses  individuality  in 
marriage,  170 ;  entertains  reformers,  173 ;  in 
charge  “depository,”  199;  defends  wronged 
mother,  200 ;  ministers  to  A.,  202 ;  refuses  to 
give  up  mother  and  child,  205 ;  old  fraternity 
no  more,  244;  246;  comforts  A.,  415  ;  dying, 
A.  visits,  470;  death,  A.’s  tribute,  471;  536. 

Mott,  Rebecca  W.,  260. 

Mott,  Richard,  staunch  support  of  A.,  756. 

Mott,  Richard  F.,  teacher  Nine  Partner’s 
School,  8. 


Moulson,  Deborah,  school  circular,  24; 
school  discipline,  28 ;  29 ;  30 ;  death,  31. 

Moulton,  Frank  D.,  birthday  gift  to  A.,  976. 

Mulligan,  Charlotte,  730. 

Mullinor,  Mr.,  on  shipboard,  552. 

Mullinor,  Mr.  and  Mrs.,  entertain  A.,  575. 

Muller,  Mrs.,  meeting  at  house  of,  555. 

Muleer,  Henrietta,  564;  565;  566;  takes  A. 
to  see  Bernhardt,  567 ;  A.  and  Mrs.  Stn’s. 
visit,  576;  recep.  for  A.,  577. 

Napoleon  I,  A.  thinks  wd.  have  stood  for 
freedom  of  women,  562;  A.  compared  to, 
952;  “empire  needs  mothers,”  1011. 

Neblett,  A.  Viola,  at  Atlanta  con.,  811. 

Nelson,  Julia  B.,  in  S.  Dak.  campn.,  685;  at 
Neb.  con.,  697. 

New,  Mrs.  John  C.,  recep.  for  A.,  517. 

Newman,  Bishop  John  P.,  fav.  worn,  suff.,  588. 

Newton,  Rev.  Heber,  favors  worn,  suff., 764 

Neymann,  Mme.  Clara,  in  Neb.  campn.,  545; 
first  appearance  on  Natl,  plat.,  607  ;  628. 

Nichol,  Eliz.  Pease,  A.  visits,  568;  569;  570. 

Nichols,  Cl arina  Howard,  prophecy  for  A., 
66 ;  injustice  to  worn,  in  divorce,  74 ;  93 ;  102 ; 
178;  debt  of  Kan.  women  to,  480;  work  on 
Hist.  Worn.  Suff.,  529;  Kan.  worn,  give  pict. 
to  Hist.,  530;  death,  595. 

Nichols,  Sarah  Hyatt,  720. 

Nicholson,  Eliza  J.,  597. 

Nightingale,  Florence,  239. 

Noble,  Mrs.  John  W.,  gives  recep.  in  honor 
A.,  Mrs.  Stn.,  L.  Stone,  718. 

Nordhofe,  Chas.,  let.  on  A.’s  birthday,  670. 

Northrop,  Mrs.,  supports  A.’s  res.  in  Teach. 
Con.,  100. 

Northrop,  Pres.  Cyrus,  introd.  A.  students 
Minnesota  Univers.,  929. 

Nye,  Senator  Jas.  W.,  endorses  worn,  suff., 
284;  presides  over  suff.  con.,  377. 

O’Connor,  Joseph,  766. 

Oglesby,  Senator  R.  Jm  insults  women’s 
petitions,  485. 

Oliver,  Rev.  Anna,  737. 

Opdyke,  George,  329. 

Ordway,  Evelyn  B.,  808. 

Orme,  Eliza,  entertains  A.,  England’s  first 
worn,  lawyer,  564. 

Ormond,  Judge  John  J.,  offers  to  present 
suff.  memorial  in  Ala.  legis.  favors  civil  but 
not  polit.  rights  for  women,  183;  after  raid 
on  Harper’s  Ferry  declares  enmity,  184. 

Orth,  G.  S.,  M.  C.,  ad.  suff.  con.,  541. 

Orr,  Eld  a  A.,  pres.  Nev.  Assn,  entertains  A., 
825 ;  New  Years  gift  to  A.,  900. 

Osborne,  Eliza  Wright,  entertains  A.  and 
Eliz.  Smith  Miller,  714 ;  entertains  A.  and 
Mrs.  Stn.,  917. 


Ant. — 67 


1058 


INDEX 


Oscar,  Prince  of  Sweden,  477. 

Osgood,  Julia,  travels  with  A.,  569;  570;  573. 

Otis,  Bina  M.,  on  Kan.  worn.  suff.  com., 
781. 

Otis,  Harrison  G.,  disrespectful  to  A.  and 
Miss  Shaw,  834. 

Otis,  James,  man  without  representation  is 
without  liberty,  989. 

Owen,  J.  J.,  ed.  San  Jose  Mercury,  compli. 
A.,  394. 

Owen,  Rbt.  Dale,  supports  Worn.  Loyal 
League,  chmn.  Freedmen’s  Inquiry  Com., 
235 ;  529. 

Owen,  Mrs.  Rbt.  Dale,  349  ;  353. 

Owen,  Rosamond  Dale,  529. 

Packard,  Hon.  Jasper  A.,  presents  A.  to 
Ind.  Legis.,  904. 

Paine,  Thomas,  right  of  voting  is  primary 
right,  990. 

Palmer,  Gen.  (Colorado),  564. 

Palmer,  Gov.  (Ill.),  315. 

Palmer,  Bertha  Honore,  at  Worn.  Council, 
702;  ad.  at  opening  World’s  Fair,  742 ;  fine 
qualif.  for  pres,  board  lady  manag.,  remark, 
record,  courtesy  to  A.,  744;  in  sympathy 
with  worn,  suff.,  pres.  Worn.  Cong.  Auxil., 
745;  asks  A.  for  suggestions,  748;  thanks 
her  for  fair  mindedness,  749. 

Palmer,  Senator  T.  W.,  rep.  in  favor  worn, 
suff.,  590 ;  591 ;  urges  A.  to  keep  up  suff.  agita¬ 
tion,  593 ;  masterly  sp.  on  16th  Amend.,  596 ; 
637  ;  let.  on  A.’s  birthday,  670. 

Palmer,  Senator  and  Mrs.,  recep.  for  Worn. 
Council,  637. 

Parker,  Jane  Marsh,  at  A.’s  birthday  banq., 
666;  organizes  club  agnst.  suff.,  766. 

Parker,  Julia  Smith,  ad.  Cong.  Com.,  446; 
511;  at  Lucretia  Mott’s,  512. 

Parker,  Margaret  E.,  at  Phila.  Centennial, 
479 ;  565 ;  A.  visits,  577 ;  com.  for  internatl. 
organization,  579. 

Parker,  Theo.,  A.  visits  him  in  study,  131; 
“only  noise  and  dust  of  wagon,”  195. 

Patterson,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  M.,  en¬ 
tertain  A.  friends  of  worn,  suff.,  821. 

Patton,  Abby  Hutchinson  (see  Htchis’n.). 

Patton,  Ludlow,  260. 

Patton,  Rev.  W.  W.,  preaches  agnst.  worn, 
suff.,  596. 

Payne,  Senator  and  Mrs.,  677. 

Peabody,  Eliz.,  131;  756. 

Pease,  Dr.  R.  W.  and  Hannah  F„  211, 

Peckham,  Lilie,  327. 

Peckham,  Justice,  Rufus  W.,  pays  fine 
trib.  to  charac.  of  A.,  735. 

Pedro,  Dom,  477. 

Peffer,  Senator  William  A.,  ad.  suff. 
con.,  756. 

Peet,  Mrs.  B.  Sturtevant,  tries  to  sec. 


suff.  amend,  from  Calif.  Legis.,  863;  A. 
writes  obj.  to  Natl.  W.  C.  T.  U.  Con.  in  San 
Fr.,  882. 

Pellet,  Sarah,  at  Saratoga  con.,  121. 

Pence,  Laf.,  M.  C.,  addresses  suff.  con.,  756. 

Pennock,  Deborah,  601. 

Perkins,  Geo.  C.,  685. 

Perkins,  Mary  (see  Randall). 

Perkins,  Sarah  M.,  628;  629. 

Perry,  A.  L.,  invites  A.  to  Berkshire  Hist. 
Soc.  meet,  939. 

Peters,  Judge,  advoc.  suff  amend.,  796. 

Peters,  O.  G.  and  Alice,  676. 

Pettingell,  Abby  L.,  772. 

Pettigrew,  Senator  R.  F.,  676. 

Phelps,  Eliz.  B.,  establishes  Worn.  Bureau, 
320 ;  327 ;  341 ;  349 ;  gives  up  Worn.  Bureau, 
360 ;  480. 

Philleo  Helen  (see  Jenkins). 

Phillips,  Wendell,  visits  Anthony  home, 
60 ;  goes  with  Antoinette  Brown  to  World’s 
Temp.  Con.,  101 ;  102;  opp.  Bloomer  dress, 
115 ;  gives  A.  $50  for  first  canvass  of  N.  Y., 
122 ;  refuses  to  let  her  pay  it  back,  128 ;  131 ; 
132;  spks.  at  N.  Y.  worn,  rights  con.,  147; 
162;  on  gift  of  Jackson  to  worn,  rights 
cause,  165 ;  approves  A.’s  N.  Y.  canvass,  171 ; 
lashes  the  mob,  174 ;  prepares  suff.  memo¬ 
rial  to  legis.,  175 ;  182;  185;  192;  193;  opp. 
divorce  resolutions,  194;  attitude  grieves 
A.  and  Mrs.  Stn.,  195;  praises  A.,  196;  197 ; 
urges  A.  to  restore  child  to  father,  203 ;  can 
not  feel  for  woman,  204 ;  declares  for  war, 
214;  refuses  check  for  lect.,  217 ;  A.  hoped 
wd.  redeem  pledge  to  woman,  225;  A.  “salt 
of  earth,”  226;  233;  lively  let.  on  A.’s  get¬ 
ting  Mrs.  Stn.  to  invite  him  to  speak,  237 ; 
urges  A.  to  return  East,  244;  on  dis¬ 
banding  Anti.  Slav.  Soc.,  245;  elected  pres. 
A.  S.  Soc.,  246;  no  freedom  without  ballot, 
objects  to  union  of  A.  S.  and  W.  R.  Soc.,  256 ; 
prevents  the  union,  259;  argues  against 
trying  to  strike  “male”  from  N.  Y.  consti., 
261 ;  declines  to  sustain  demands  of  women, 
270;  refuses  to  give  money  from  Jackson 
fund,  275;  endorses  worn,  suff.,  284  ;  290; 
bids  woman  stand  aside,  300;  and  wait  for 
negro,  304 ;  gives  preference  to  negro 
suff.,  317;  worn.  suff.  intellectual  theory, 
323 ;  first  meet,  with  A.  since  dif.  of  opinion 
on  Amend.  XIV,  370;  373;  will  help  toward 
Amend.  XVI ;  A.  stands  at  head  of  suff. 
movement,  495;  replies  to  A.’s  70th  birth¬ 
day  greet.,  faith  in  her,  538;  announces 
Eddy  legacy  to  A.,  539;  tells  of  suit  to 
break  will,  540;  548;  549;  Harvard  ad.,  557; 
568 ;  577 ;  death,  587  ;  593 ;  859 ;  995 ;  freedom 
without  ballot  is  mockery,  990. 

Phillips,  Mrs.  Wendell,  219. 

Pickler,  Alice  M.,  presents  claims  S.  Dak., 


INDEX 


1059 


suff.,  675;  works  for  worn.  688;  at  Wash, 
con.,  851. 

Pickler,  J.  A.,  M.  C.,  response  A.’s  birthday 
banq.,  666;  675;  stands  by  worn,  suff.,  688. 

Pillsbury,  Parker,  visits  Anthony  home,  60; 
facetious  let.  to  L.  Mott  on  A.’s  work,  105; 
150 ;  great  eloquence,  152 ;  men’s  rights,  157 ; 
162 ;  preaches  in  Rochester,  167 ;  on  John 
Brown  execution,  180;  spks.  at  John  Brown 
meet.,  181;  on  divorce,  195;  ridicules  Dali 
con.,  196;  198;  let.  of  sympathy  to  A.,  224 ; 
urges  A.  to  return  East,  244 ;  on  div.  in  Anti- 
Slav.  Soc.,  246 ;  resigns  editorship  of  Stand¬ 
ard,  262;  abused  by  N.  Y.  World,  264;  re¬ 
fuses  to  edit  Standard  unless  it  declares  for 
women,  269 ;  loyal  to  women,  270 ;  Susan  cd. 
extinguish  argu.  with  thimble,  273;  290;  ed¬ 
itor  Revolution,  296 ;  297 ;  299 ;  301 ;  302  ;  309 ; 
offers  res.  that  Equal  Rights  Assn,  be  trans¬ 
ferred  to  Union  Suff.  Soc.,  349;  work  on 
Rev.,  354;  “A.  works  like  plantation  of 
slaves,”  356;  357;  faithful  to  Rev.,  360; 
‘‘your  meed  of  praise  be  sung  over  your 
grave,”  303  ;  380;  at  A.’s  lect.  in  Chicago, 
468  ;  535 ;  587 ;  urges  A.  to  visit  his  home, 
702;  symp.  for  A.  when  ill,  842;  A.  visits, 
895. 

Pillsbury,  Parker  Mrs.,  praises  A.,  535; 
urges  A.  to  visit  her,  702 ;  895. 

Pomeroy,  Senator  S.  C.,  248 ;  contrib.  money 
and  franking  privilege,  283:  endorses  worn, 
suff.,  284;  offers  amend,  to  Fed.  Constit. 
enfranchising  women,  310 ;  opens  first  Wash, 
suff.  con.,  313;  317;  tells  ladies  they  must 
accept  every  help  in  politics,  375 ;  pres,  can¬ 
didate,  594 ;  ballot  for  negro,  962 ;  gift  and 
let.  to  A.  on  50th  birthday,  974. 

Pomeroy,  Mrs.  S.  C.,  birthday  gift  to  A.,  976. 

Pond,  Asst.  U.  S.  Dist.  Atty.,  examines  A. 
for  having  voted,  427. 

Pond,  Major  James  B.,  compli.  A.  and  offers 
$100  for  parlor  lect.,  896. 

Porter,  Maria  G.,  A.’s  friend,  104;  711;  90th 
birthday,  845 ;  death,  896. 

Porter,  Sam.  D.,  Pillsbury’s  adjectives,  181. 

Post,  Amalia,  secures  suff.  bill  in  Wyoming, 
408 ;  suff.  pioneer,  823. 

Post,  Amy,  195;  testimonial  to  A.,  412;  at 
30th  suff.  annivers.,  495 ;  death,  660. 

Post,  Isaac,  home  rendezvous  for  runaway 
slaves,  61 

Potter,  Bishop  H.  C.,  for  worn,  suff.,  764. 

Potter,  Bessie,  makes  statuette  of  A.  and 
Mrs.  Gross,  862. 

Potter,  Helen,  famous  impersonator,  gift 
to  A.,  488;  548;  present  to  A.,  549. 

Powderly,  Hannah,  on  A.’s  birthday,  671. 

Powderly,  Terence  V.,  on  A.’s  birthday,  671; 
invites  A.  to  spk.  at  Omaha,  726. 

Powell,  Aaron,  in  Garrisonian  meet.,  150; 


161 ;  mobbed,  165 ;  tries  to  give  A.’s  break¬ 
fast  order,  177 ;  208 ;  deputized  to  give  notice 
of  union  A.  S.  and  W.  R.  Soc.,  256;  refrains 
from  doing  so,  259 ;  editorial  re' vision  in 
Standard  feared,  262;  full  adv.  rates  for 
women’s  notices,  268. 

Powell,  Eliz.  (see  Bond). 

Powell,  Maude,  566. 

Platt,  Senator  Orville  H.,  699. 

Plumb,  Senator  P.  B.,  opp.  worn,  suff.,  281; 
for  worn,  suff.,  621. 

Plutarch,  “equality  causes  no  war,”  968. 

Priestman,  The  Misses,  A.  visits,  577. 

Prince,  Mayor  (Boston),  519;  receives  suff. 
con.,  534. 

Proudfit,  Elizabeth  Ford,  612. 

Pruyn,  Mrs.  John  Y.  L.,  pres,  remonstrants 
agnst.  worn,  suff.,  presents  res.,  765. 

Pryn,  Rev.  Abram,  ad.  John  Brown  meet;,  181, 

Pugh,  Sarah,  first  meets  A.,  122;  131;  246; 
251;  appreciates  A.  and  the  Rev.,  335;  340; 
350 ;  sends  gift  to  A.,  412 ;  present  to  A.,  416 ; 
496;  527;  death,  595. 

Pulver,  Mary,  registers  and  votes,  424 ;  votes 
again,  434. 

Purinton,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jas.  W.,  624. 

Purvis,  Harriett,  527. 

Purvis,  Robert,  246 ;  demands  equal  rights 
for  women,  257  ;  260 ;  willing  to  postpone  own 
enfranch.  in  favor  of  women,  269 ;  loyal  to 
women,  270;  rebukes  son  for  opp.  worn,  suff., 
314;  420;  527  ;  ad.  at  A.’s  birthday  recep.  in 
Phila.,  547 ;  presents  testimonial  from  Natl. 
Suff.  Assn.,  548 ;  gift  to  A.,  549 ;  A.  writes  on 
death  of  Phillips,  587  ;  664 ;  at  A.’s  birthday 
banq.,  666 ;  let.  from  A.  on  Gladstone,  741. 

Putnam,  Rebecca  Shepard,  234  ;  802. 

Quarles,  Ralph  P.,  Sup.  Judge,  Idaho, 
decides  in  favor  worn,  suff.,  919. 

Quay,  Senator  Matthew  S.,  718. 

Quincy,  Edward,  162. 

Raines,  Judge  Thomas,  for  worn,  suff.,  762. 

Rainsford,  Rev.  W.  S.,  signs  petit,  for  worn, 
suff.,  764. 

Ramsey,  S.  A.,  help  of  natl.  assn,  gives  hope 
to  S.  Dak.,  679. 

Ramsey,  State  Senator  (N.  Y.),  189. 

Randall,  Superintendent,  encourages  A. 
in  pub.  speak.,  143. 

Randall,  Anna  T.,  342. 

Randall,  Mary  Perkins,  teacher  in  An¬ 
thony  home,  22 ;  394. 

Ransom,  C.  R„  executor  Eddy  will,  539. 

Raper,  J.  H.,  479. 

Read,  Daniel,  grandfather  Susan  B.,  ances¬ 
try,  marriage,  military  service,  4 ;  political 
record,  religious  belief,  5 ;  literary  taste, 
business  matters,  6;  sideboard  well  sup- 


1060 


INDEX. 


plied,  15 ;  military  rec.  makes  A.  Daught.  of 
Rev.,  919. 

Read,  Joshua,  rescues  Mr.  Anthony’s  goods 
from  sheriff,  35 ;  protects  sister’s  inheritance 
and  pays  for  farm,  45  ;  invites  A.  to  teach  in 
Canajoharie,  49 ;  121. 

Read,  Lucy,  (See  Anthony). 

Read,  Susannah  Richardson,  grandmother 
Susan  B.,  born,  4;  business  qualities,  6. 

Reagan,  John  H.,  M.  C.,  opp.  worn,  suff.,585. 

Reason,  Chas.  L.,  157. 

Reed,  Charles  Wesley,  brings  in  minor, 
rep.  in  fav.  worn,  sufif.  pi.  and  makes  fight 
for  it  in  Calif.  Demo.  Con.,  873. 

Reed,  Kitty,  let.  greet,  natl.  suff.  con.,  902. 

Reed,  Thos.  B.,  champions  worn,  rights  com., 
540;  rep.  favoring  worn,  suff.,  590 ;  677 ;  let. 
on  A.’s  70th  birthday,  669;  “at  11th  hr.  all 
will  flock  in,”  716;  fails  to  spk.  forworn, 
suff.  in  Calif,  campn.,  885  ;  902  ;  677. 

Reid,  Whitelaw,  A.’s  50th  birthday,  974. 

Remond,  Charles  Lenox,  A.  drives  with, 
131;  in  Garrisonian  meet.,  150;  A.  describes 
sp.,  152;  246. 

Remond,  Sarah,  in  Garrisonian  meet.,  150. 

Resse,  Countess  de,  558. 

Revels,  Senator  Hiram,  243. 

Reynolds,  Mrs.,  780. 

Reynolds,  Mark  W.,  invites  Train  to  Kan., 
287 ;  takes  to  woods,  288. 

Reynolds,  Wm.  A.,  167 ;  279. 

Rice,  Victor  M.,  stands  by  A.  in  St.  Teach. 
Con.,  120. 

Rich,  Gov.  and  Mrs.  (Wyoming),  823. 

Richards,  Bishop  (Utah),  824. 

Richards,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  S.,  825. 

Richardron,  Miss,  564. 

Richardson,  Abby  Sage,  unhappy  married 
life,  ability,  marries  A.  D.  Richardson,  351 ; 
persecuted,  public  sentiment  in  her  favor, 
352 ;  meets  A.  in  Denver,  492. 

Richardson,  Albert  D.,  killed  by  McFar¬ 
land,  married  on  his  deathbed,  351. 

Richardson,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  M.,  832. 

Richardson,  Mayor  Samuel,  presides  at 
temp,  festival,  Rochester,  62. 

Richardson,  Susannah  (see  Read). 

Richer,  Leon,  562. 

Riddle,  Judge  A.  G.,  337 ;  ad.  House  Com.  for 
worn,  suff.,  376;  ad.  Wash.  Con.  377;  chief 
drawbacks  to  worn,  suff.,  455 ;  647 ;  660. 

Ripley,  Geo.,  563. 

Ristori,  A.  hears,  558. 

Robinson,  Gov.  Charles,  273 ;  endorses  worn, 
suff.,  284;  285;  takes  Mrs.  Stu.  on  speaking 
tour  of  Kan.,  286;  287  ;  290. 

Robinson,  Emily,  worn.  suff.  pioneer,  722. 

Robinson,  Harriet  H..  welcomes  suff.  eon. 
to  Boston,  533  534 

Robinson,  Marius,  ed.  Anti-Slav.  Bugle,  722. 


Rochambeau,  Count,  477. 

Rockefeller,  John  D.,  for  worn,  suff.,  764. 

Rogers,  Nathaniel  P.,  616. 

Rogers,  Dr.  Seth,  Worcester  Hydro.  Insti¬ 
tute,  131;  132;  let.  agnst.fndivid.  annihilat. 
in  marriage,  135. 

Root,  Ehihu,  opp.  worn.  suff.  amend,  in  N.  Y. 
Consti.  Con.,  767 ;  presents  petit,  agnst.,  769" 
supports  it,  771. 

Root,  Lieut.-Gov.  J.  P.,  let.  A.’s  50th  birth¬ 
day,  974. 

Root,  Francis  T.,  responds  for  Ind.  legis.  at 
recep.  for  A.,  904. 

Rose,  Ernestine  L.,  justice  of  worn,  suff.,  75 ; 
interpretation  of  Bible,  77 ;  work  in  1840-48, 
82 ;  prejudice  agnst.  on  acct.  of  religious  be¬ 
liefs,  117 ;  president  suff.  con.,  121 ;  163 ;  185 ; 
193 ;  favors  divorce  res.,  194 ;  at  Albany,  212  ; 
patriotic  speech  Worn.  Loyal  League,  229 ; 
237;  309;  repudiates  “free  love”  res.,  325; 
327;  leaves  for  Eng.,  329;  early  work,  369; 
back  from  Eng.,  458;  530;  delight  to  see  A. 
in  Eng.,  553;  554:  563;  death,  737;  never 
banished  from  suff.  ass’n.  because  of  re¬ 
ligious  belief,  853 ;  935. 

Rosecrans,  Major-Gen.  Wm.  S.,  233. 

Rosewater,  Edward,  deb.  suff.  with  A.,  545. 

Ross,  Senator  E.  G.,  franks  worn.  suff.  docu¬ 
ments,  283. 

Ross,  John  W.,  welcomes  suff.  con.,  D.  C.,  756. 

Routt,  Gov.  John  L.,  speaks  for  worn,  suff., 
491 ;  821. 

Routt  Mrs.  John  L.,  entertains  A.  and  Miss 
Shaw,  821. 

Rowan,  St.  Senator,  ad.  natl.  suff.  con.,  902. 

Russell.  Frances  E„  assists  Loyal  League, 
234 ;  writes  for  Rev.,  S59. 

Rye,  Miss,  555. 

Sage,  Russell,  signs  petit,  for  worn,  suff., 
764. 

Sage,  Mrs.  Russell,  A.  guest  at  Emma  Wil¬ 
lard  dinner,  753. 

St.  John,  Col.  John  P.,  496. 

Salvador,  A.,  ed.  Le  Soir,  wishes  to  inter¬ 
view  A.,  561. 

Sanborn,  Frank,  approves  worn,  suff.,  251; 
speaks  at  suff.  con.,  533. 

Sanford,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  J.  E^  802  ;  806  ;  70th 
birthday  recep.  to  Mary  Anthony,  916. 

Sand,  George,  733;  “independence  is  happi¬ 
ness,”  1008. 

Sanders,  Mrs.  Henry  M.,  petit,  for  worn, 
suff.,  764;  802. 

Sargent,  A.  A.,  declares  for  woman’s  rights, 
405 ;  406 ;  407 ;  408 ;  presents  A.’s  appeal  for 
remission  of  fine  for  voting,  450;  intercedes 
for  inspectors,  452;  defends  woman’s  peti¬ 
tions,  486  ;  495 ;  arg.  for  worn,  suff.,  500  ;  501 ; 
favors  admit,  worn,  to  practice  before 


INDEX. 


1061 


Supreme  Court,  502;  returns  to  Calif., 
friend  of  worn,  suff.,  507  ;  U.  S.  Minister  to 
Berlin,  553;  genuine  Repub.,  559. 

Sargent,  Ella,  560. 

Sargent,  Ellen  Clark,  entertains  A.  as 
guest,  405 ;  while  snow  bound  on  eastward 
journey,  406 ;  407 ;  480 ;  urges  A.  not  to  be 
troubled,  494 ;  495 ;  returns  to  Calif.,  personal 
characters.,  507;  509;  512;  553;  genuine 
Repub.,  559;  asks  Estee  Chairman  Natl. 
Repub.  Con.  if  “free  ballot”  plank  includes 
women,  642 ;  work  for  S.  Dak., 685 ;  entertains 
A.  during  Worn.  Cong.,  829;  gift  to  A.  and 
Miss  Shaw,  832;  made  pres.  Calif.  Suff. 
Assn.,  835;  asks  A.  to  help  in  campn.,  861 ; 
directs  it  with  A.,  862;  on  committees,  863; 
entertains  A.  and  Miss  Shaw  during  campn., 
864;  gives  up  entire  home  to  work,  her 
services  and  money,  865 ;  at  Repub.  St.  Con., 
869 ;  at  Popu.,  Prohib.  and  Demo.  Cons.,  872 ; 
888 ;  scenes  in  election  booths,  891 ;  trib.  to 
A.’s  services  in  Calif.,  892. 

Sargent,  Dr.  Eliz.,  A.  visits  in  Zurich,  559; 
in  Yosemite  with  A.,  831;  arrang.  county 
cons,  in  Calif,  campn.,  successful  results, 
864 ;  head  of  literary  com.  and  petit,  work, 
contributes  money,  865 ;  suff.  work  on  San 
Fr.  Post,  866. 

Sargent,  George,  408. 

Sargent,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  James,  772;  A.  as¬ 
sists  at  golden  wedding,  916 ;  entertain  A. 
at  Thous.  Is.,  926. 

Saunders,  Alvin,  Senator,  ad.  suff.  con., 
541. 

Saxe,  Rev.  Asa,  spks.  for  worn,  suff.,  762. 

Saxon,  Elizabeth  Lyle,  ad.  Cong.  Com., 
511;  in  Neb.  campn.,  545 ;  in  Kan.  campn., 
609  ;  808. 

Saxton,  Gen.  Rufus,  approves  equal  rights 
for  women,  272 ;  negroes  still  enslaved,  964. 

Scatcherd,  Alice,  secures  admission  worn, 
dele,  to  Lib.  Con.,  576;  com.  for  internatl. 
organizat.,  579;  ad.  Senate  Com.,  640. 

Schenck,  Eliz.  B.,  327. 

SCHIEFFELIN  BROTHERS,  234. 

Schofield,  Martha,  A.  visits  industrial 
school,  812. 

Schumacher,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Adolph,  enter¬ 
tain  A.,  652. 

Schurman,  Pres.  Jacob  Gould,  welcomes 
suff.  con.,  invites  to  visit  Cornell,  800. 

Schurz,  Carl,  opponent  worn,  suff.,  415. 

Schuyler,  Mary  M.  Hamilton,  Art.  Assn, 
desire  to  make  statue  rep.  Philanthropy, 734 ; 
stepson  obj.  to  having  name  coupled  with 
A.’s,  735. 

Schuyler,  Philip,  obj.  to  stepmother’s  stat¬ 
ue  by  side  of  A.,  734 ;  enjoins  Art  Assn.,  she 
wd.  resent  attempt  to  couple  name  with 
A.’s,  defeat  in  court  of  appeals,  735. 


Scott,  Charles  F.,  urg.  Mrs.  Johns  to  call 
off  women,  778. 

Scott,  Francis  M.,  ad.  N.  Y.  Consti.  Con. 
in  opp.  worn,  suff.,  769. 

Sears,  Judge  T.  C.,  assails  worn,  suff.,  281; 
res.  agnst.  it,  283. 

Sedgwick,  Catharine  Maria,  born  in  Berk¬ 
shire,  1. 

Selden,  Henry  R.,  women  have  valid  claim 
to  vote,  425 ;  assures  A.  of  this,  424 ;  tells 
her  she  has  committed  no  crime,  426 ;  427  ; 
appears  for  A.  before  U.  S.  Commiss.,  428; 
argues  for  writ  of  habeas  corpus,  gives  bail 
for  A.,  432;  wishes  he  had  heard  her  argu¬ 
ment  first,  433;  defends  her  at  trial,  436; 
argument  before  jury,  437 ;  demands  jury  be 
polled  and  moves  for  new  trial,  439 ;  Judge 
Hunt’s  action  indefensible,  441 ;  Van  Voor- 
his’  trib.,  445;  A.  has  argument  printed, 
446 ;  prepares  appeal  to  Cong,  in  A.’s  case ; 
Hunt’s  action  judicial  outrage,  449 ;  994. 

Seney,  Geo.  E.,  M.  C.,  opp.  worn,  suff.,  590. 

Severance,  Caroline  M.,  131;  252;  260; 

signs  call  for  Am.  Suff.  Assn.,  328;  enter¬ 
tains  A.,  832. 

Severance,  Mrs.  Mark  Sibley,  recep.  for 
A.,  833. 

Severance,  Sarah  M.,  work  for  S.  Dak.,  685 ; 
spks.  for  worn.  suff.  in  Calif,  campn.,  875. 

Sewall,  May  Wright,  first  app.  on  natl. 
suff.  plat.,  495 ;  presents  flowers  to  A.  at  St. 
Louis,  507  ;  511 ;  arranges  suff.  con.  Indpls., 
517;  527;  presentation  speech  to  A.,  534; 
chmn.  natl.  ex.  com.,  535;  appears  bef. 
House  Com.,  541 ;  545 ;  description  of  honors 
paid  A.  on  departure  for  Europe,  547 ;  A. 
at  New  Orleans  Expo.,  597;  applies  lash 
to  own  back,  600;  entertains  A.,  623;  626; 
chmn.  com.  on  union  of  two  assns.,  628 ;  629 ; 
skill  as  pres,  offic.,632;  arranges  internat. 
council,  633;  originates  idea  of  permanent 
Councils,  639;  made  cor.  sec.,  641 ;  open  let. 
to  Gen.  Harrison,  642;  introduces  A.  to 
Classical  School,  650;  arranges  birthday 
banq.  for  A.,  664;  presides,  665 ;  676;  A.  vis¬ 
its,  698 ;  present  to  A.,  707 ;  at  Fed.  of  Clubs, 
720 ;  721 ;  spks.  at  Rochester,  740 ;  at  open¬ 
ing  World’s  Fair,  742 ;  ch.  com.  org.  Worn. 
Cong.,  A.  glories  in  her  work,  745 ;  A.’s  pop¬ 
ularity  at  World’s  Fair,  746 ;  entertains  A. 
during  World’s  Fair,  750 ;  presides  at  lunch 
to  Internat.  Council,  751 ;  821 ;  841 ;  wants 
A.  to  manage  Stn.’s  birthday,  847 ;  death  of 
husband,  A.’s  sympathy,  850;  receives  State 
officials  in  honor  of  A., 903 ;  at  Anthony  home¬ 
stead,  940;  at  Berk.  Hist,  mdlt.,  944;  A.’s 
character,  950;  open  let.  to  Gen.  Harrison 
on  “free  ballot”  pi.  in  Repub.  plat.,  1013. 

Sewall,  Samuel  E.,  endorses  worn,  suff.,  284 ; 
373;  birthday  gift  to  A.,  976. 


1062 


INDEX. 


Sewall,  Mrs.  Samuel  E.,  congratulate  let. 

to  A.,  610;  birthday  gift  to  A.,  976. 

Sewall,  Theodore  L.,  at  World’s  Fair,  750; 
death,  850. 

Seward,  Mrs.  W.  H.,  favors  divorce,  195. 
Seymour,  Gov.  Horatio,  heads  opposit.  to 
A.  S.  meet.,  210;  ad.  Demo,  mass  meet. 
N.  Y.,  305;  pres.  Natl.  Demo.  Con.,  306. 
Seymour,  Horatio,  Jr.,  leads  disturbance  at 
A.  S.  meet.,  208. 

Seymour,  Mary  F.,  reports  worn,  council,  637 ; 
death,  757. 

Shafroth,  Mrs.  John  F.,  at  Wash,  con.,  851. 
Sharkey,  Wm.  L.,  Provis.  Gov.  Miss.,  961. 
Sharswood,  Judge,  agnst.  worn,  suff.,  985. 
Shattuck,  Harriette  Robinson,  spks.  at 
suff.  con.  Boston,  533;  541 ;  in  Neb.  campn., 
545 ;  628. 

Shaw,  Rev.  Anna  Howard,  in  Kan.,  625 ;  629 ; 
accepts  proposals  for  union,  630  ;  636;  be¬ 
ginning  of  friendship  with  A.,  645 ;  first  ap¬ 
pears  on  Natl,  plat.,  647 ;  652;  at  A.’s  birth¬ 
day  banq.,  665;  appeal  for  S.  Dak.,  675;  676; 
must  not  attack  Christian  relig.,  678;  goes 
to  S.  Dak.,  681 ;  writes  A.  people  anxious 
for  her  to  come,  682 ;  scores  State  com.,  bet¬ 
ter  not  cut  loose  from  A. ,  683 ;  684 ;  at  Repub. 
con.  seats  for  Indians,  none  for  worn.,  687 ; 
rebukes  con.,  in  Black  Hills,  688;  gets 
courage  from  A.,  longs  for  mother,  689 ;  A.’s 
experience  with  crying  baby,  692 ;  her  own 
experience,  A.’s  retort  in  case  of  drunken 
man,  693 ;  at  Deadwood,  694 ;  hardest  campn. 
ever  known,  696;  at  Rochester,  698;  first 
pres.  Wimodaughsis,  700;  at  Worn.  Council, 
702;  christens  Avery  baby,  705;  present  to 
A.,  707 ;  inAdirondacks,  708;  at  Chautauqua, 
709;  J.  H.  Buckley’s  obj.  to  worn.  suff.  from 
relig.  standpoint,  710;  at  West.  N.  Y.  Fair, 
711;  vice-pres.-at-large  Natl.  Am.  Assn., 
717;  in  Kan.  campn.,  719;  shut  out  of 
churches  bee.  spoke  at  spiritual  meet., 
will  speak  on  suff.  anywhere,  720 ;  at  Kan. 
Repub.  con.,  at  Omaha  Popu.  con.,  726 ;  deb. 
suff.  with  Dr.  Buckley  at  Chau.,  727 ;  recep. 
at  Hall  of  Philos.,  728 ;  spks.  in  N.  Y.  campn., 
761 ;  will  not  work  for  worn.  suff.  in  Kan. 
unless  politic,  part,  endorse  it,  weakness  of 
worn.,  781;  opens  campn.  in  Kan.  City,  784; 
demands  Repub.  Worn,  con.,  ask  for  suff. 
plank,  785;  ad.  res.  com.  at  Repub.  St.  con., 
786;  ad.  suff .  mass.  meet,  in  Topeka,  787; 
ad.  Popu.  St.  con.,  789;  shakes  hands  with 
dele.,  telegram  Kan.  Prohib.  con.  adopts 
worn,  suff^plank,  790 ;  finishes  Kan.  engage¬ 
ments,  792 ;  793 ;  Mrs.  Diggs  urges  return  to 
Kan.,  795 ;  in  Atlanta,  811 ;  in  Columbus,  812 ; 
invit.  to  Calif.  Worn.  Cong.,  820;  at  Chi.  St. 
Louis,  Denver,  entertained  by  Gov.  and 
Mrs.  Routt,  821 ;  enthusiastic  greet,  in 


Broadway  Thea.,  823;  preaches  Tabernacle, 
Salt  Lake,  “politic,  sermon,”  824 ;  preaches 
in  theater;  at  Inter-Mount.  Suff.  Assn., 
receptions,  banq.  in  Ogden,  at  Reno,  Nev., 
825;  spks.  in  theat.,  in  Calif.,  at  Oakland 
ferry,  in  Dr.  McLean’s  pulpit,  826 ;  in  Con- 
greg.  church  San  Fr.,  at  Worn.  Cong.,  827; 
spks.  every  day,  royal  welcome,  828 ;  all  in 
love  with,  preaches  in  synagogue,  helps  org. 
suff.  campn.,  829;  ad.  Congreg.  ministers’ 
meet., Unit.  Club  dinner,  Stanford  Univers., 
830 ;  social  courtesies,  Yosemite,  names  big 
tree  S.  B.  A.,  at  San  Jose,  831 ;  Los  Angeles, 
Riverside,  Pasadena,  Pomona,  San  Diego, 
832 ;  Olive  wood,  Santa  Monica,  Los  Angeles, 
833;  spks.  in  Oakland,  in  Method,  ch.,  San 
Fr.,  at  ministers’  meet.,  834;  meets  with 
Calif.  Suff.  Assn.,  835  ;  4th  July  com.  refuse 
to  letspk.,  reconsider,  she  rides  in  proces. 
and  makes  sp.,  836 ;  goes  to  Oakland,  can  not 
find  audience,  starts  homeward,  837 ;  goes  to 
Chicago,  839;  stricken  with  fever,  840;  fav¬ 
ors  res.  agnst.  Worn.  Bible,  854;  spks.  at 
county  cons,  in  Calif.,  in  Sargent  residence, 
864;  at  Repub.  St.  Con.,  869;  bef.  res.  com., 
871;  ad.  Dem.  res.  com.  for  two  min.,  873; 
scores  con.  for  action  on  worn.  suff.  pi.,  at 
ratificat.  meet,  in  San  Fr.,  874;  spks.  every 
night  dur.  campn.  and  donates  serv.  of  sec., 
875;  883;  at  “Tom  Reed”  rally,  Oakland; 
885 ;  photo,  given  for  pledges,  889 ;  at  Salt 
Lake,  Kan.  City,  banq.  at  Roch.,  895;  R.  I. 
suff.  con.,  896 ;  A’s  77th  birthday,  907 ;  present 
to  Mary  Anthony,  916;  visits  Mrs.  Osborne, 
917;  A.’s  letters  like  Paul’s  Epistles,  924; 
spks.  at  western  conferences,  929 ;  at  An¬ 
thony  homestead,  940 ;  at  A.’s  right  hand, 
942;  at  Berk.  Hist,  meet.,  trib.  to  A.,  her 
belief  in  men  and  women,  great,  ideal  life 
945. 

Shaw,  Francis  G.,  gives  A.  $100  for  Rev.  355. 

Shaw,  Sarah  B.,  282. 

Sheldon,  Ellen  H.,  serv.  for  Natl.  Assn.,  700. 

Shippen,  Rev.  Rush  R.,  ad.  suff.  con.,  607. 

Sherman,  Gen.  Wm.  T.,  249. 

Sherman,  Mrs.  Gen.,  agnst.  worn,  suff.,  377. 

Simonton,  J.  W.,  at  press  dinner,  316. 

Simpson,  Jerry,  M.  C.,  ad.  suff.  con.  756. 

Simpson,  Bishop  Matthew,  337 ;  favors  worn, 
suff.,  588. 

Sizer,  Nelson,  phrenolog.  chart  of  A.,  85. 

Skidmore,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thos.  J.,  hospital¬ 
ity,  love  of  liberty,  710. 

Slayton  (Lect.  Bureau),  tells  A.  she  has 
ruined  lect.  prospects,  468 ;  cempli.  circular 
of  A.’s  lect.,  486. 

Slocum,  Mrs.,  interviews  Gen.  Hancock,  520. 

Smalley,  Geo.  W.,  246. 

Smith,  Abby,  446. 

Smith,  Mrs.  E.  0„  at  Calif.  Dem.  Con.,  872. 


INDEX. 


1063 


Smith,  Eliz.  Oakes,  at  Syracuse  W.  R.  Con., 
72 ;  316 ;  death,  756. 

Smith,  Hr.  and  Mrs.  Frank  M.,  entertain 
A.,  877. 

Smith,  Judge  G.  W.,  agnst.  worn,  suff.,  283. 

Smith,  Gerrit,  suff.  greatest  of  all  rights, 
75 ;  one  standard  of  morals,  93 ;  advocates 
Bloomer  costume,  113;  in  Cong.,  118;  worn, 
must  get  rid  of  poverty  and  disabling  dress, 
147  ;  sleeps  in  church,  179 ;  insane,  181 ;  Gar¬ 
rison.  meet,  at  Albany,  212 ;  donation  Loyal 
League,  234;  270;  279;  endorses  worn,  suff., 
284 ;  bids  worn,  stand  aside  for  negro,  300 ; 
“nothing  to  fear  from  women,”  301;  350; 
helps  A.  pay  expenses  of  trial,  446 ;  death, 
467  ;  gave  land  to  negroes,  708 ;  935. 

Smith,  Mrs.  Gerrit,  vice-pres.  Worn.  Temp. 
Con.,  67. 

Smith,  Goldwin,  opp.  worn,  suff.,  698. 

Smith,  Hannah  Whitall,  541. 

Smith,  Julia  (see  Parker). 

Smith,  Lewia  C.,  testimonial  to  Judge  Sel- 
den,  446;  testimonial  and  gift  for  A.,  558. 

Smith,  Mrs.  M.  F.,  808. 

Smith,  Mrs.  Nicholas,  327. 

Solomons,  Selina,  poem  to  A.,  881. 

Somerset,  Lady  Henry,  approves  A.’s  bust, 
722;  farewell  teleg.  to  A.,  729;  A.  has  true 
sign  of  greatness,  endorses  her  sp.  on  temp, 
at  World’s  Fair,  747 ;  in  Twilight  Park,  773; 
at  Repub.  Con.,  Saratoga,  774. 

Somerville,  Mary,  endorses  worn,  suff.,  368. 

Sorbier,  Madame,  tries  to  sec.  suff.  amend, 
from  Calif.  Legis.,  863. 

Soule,  Rev.  Dr.,  550. 

Southwick,  Sarah,  902. 

Southworth,  Louisa,  623;  entertains  bus. 

com.  natl.  suff.  assn.,  leading  suff.  rep., 
friendship  and  generosity  to  A.  and  to  assn., 
801 ;  cares  for  A.  in  illness,  840. 

Spence,  Catherine  H.,  ad.  suff.  con.,  756. 

Spencer  (Judge)  Mrs.,  tries  to  sec.  suff. 
amend,  from  Calif.  Legis.,  863. 

Spencer,  Rev.  Anna  Garlin,  speaks  at  suff. 

con. ,  533,  702. 

Spencer,  Sara  Andrews,  engrosses  Worn. 
Dec.  of  Ind.,  478;  479;  petit,  work,  484;  495; 
strong  res.  at  Natl.  Con.,  499. 

Sperry,  George  B.,  831. 

Sperry,  Mrs.  Austin,  treas.  worn.  suff. 
campn.,  com.  in  Calif.,  863;  at  Repub.  St. 
Con.,  869;  treas.  Suff.  Assn.,  valuable  assist¬ 
ance,  888. 

Spofford,  Mr.  and  Mrs.,  wel«ome  A.,  701; 
leave  Riggs  House,  705. 

Spofford,  Jane  S.,  elect,  treas.  Natl.  Suff. 
Assn.,  407;  hospitality  to  A.,  512;  A. 
writes  to  give  up  con.,  526;  527;  Albany 
people  shd.  take  A.  in  their  arms,  536;  A.’s 
let.  on  shipboard,  551;  let.  from  A.,  562; 


629;  632  ;  633;  643;  thoughtfulness  for  A., 
672;  676;  679;  pays  S.  Dak.  bills,  680;  recep. 
to  Worn.  Council,  702;  valu.  assist,  to  A., 
743. 

Squier,  Ellen  Hoxie,  653 ;  802. 

Squier,  Lucien,  653. 

Sprague,  Homer  B.,  337. 

Spraker,  Livingston,  49. 

Springer,  Wm.  M.,  M.  C.,  obj.  to  admit.  Wy. 
with  worn,  suff.,  698. 

Stambach,  Dr.  Ida,  entertains  A.,  881. 

Stafford,  Col.,  4. 

Stafford,  Brown,  121. 

Stafford,  John,  121. 

Stanford,  Jane  L.,607;  660;  A.  in  private 
car,  case  before  Supreme  Court,  824 ;  sends 
passes  to  A.  and  Miss  Shaw,  and  invites  to 
first  graduates’  reception,  830 ;  trib.  of  self 
and  husb.  to  A.  and  Mrs.  Stn.,  850;  851 ;  be¬ 
lief  in  worn.  suff.  876 ;  assist,  in  Calif,  worn, 
suff.  campn.,  888. 

Stanford,  Senator  Leland,  sends  A.  and 
Mrs.  Stn.  passes,  390 ;  keen  perceptions,  607 ; 
in  favor  Amend.  XYI,  621 ;  contrib.  S.  Dak., 
676;  death,  756;  appreciates  A.  and  Mrs. 
Stn.,  predicts  advancement  of  woman,  851. 

Stanford,  Senator  and  Mrs.,  recep.  to 
Worn.  Council,  637. 

Stansbury,  L.  M.,  780. 

Stanton,  Elizabeth  Cady,  first  impression 
of  A.,  64;  advice  to  pub.  speakers,  writes  to 
please  self,  66 ;  elected  pres.  State  Temp. 
Con.,  67;  divorce  and  practical  relig.,68; 
opp.  to  woman  as  pres,  of  first  con.,  72 ;  co¬ 
education,  bondage  of  relig.,  73;  as  mother, 
76;  work  in  1840-’48,  82 ;  woman’s  right  to 
speak  in  public,  92;  admit  men  to  Woman’s 
Temp.  Soc.,  94;  objected  to  as  pres,  of 
society,  95 ;  ad.  N.  Y.  Legis.,  108 ;  appeal  for 
rights  of  women,  110;  Bloomer  costume, 
113;  renounces  it,  115;  drawbacks  to  her 
efforts  for  women,  130 ;  takes  turns  with  A. 
in  writing  and  baby-tending,  142 ;  congrat. 
A.  on  stirring  up  teachers,  157 ;  appeals  for 
equal  rights,  175;  martyrdom  of  John 
Brown,  what  she  will  say  to  St.  Peter,  181 ; 
185;  will  obey  Napoleon,  187 ;  describes  A. 
and  self  working  together,  188 ;  ad.  N.  Y. 
legis.,  189;  declares  for  divorce,  193;  re¬ 
plies  to  Greeley,  Luc.  Mott  approves,  195; 
blows  struck  at  men’s  stronghold,  196 ;  on 
divorce  at  Friends’  meet.,  197 ;  offers  to 
help  A.  on  agricult,  sp.,  199;  208;  hissed  at 
Roch.  anti-slav.  meet.,  209;  Garrisonian 
meet  at  Albany,  212 ;  on  “Adam  Bede,”  pre¬ 
pares  anti-slav.  ad.,  217 ;  221 ;  call  for  Loyal 
League,  226;  spks.  for  League,  227;  pres. 
League,  229;  234;  lively  let.  from  Phillips, 
237 ;  humiliation  of  women  at  seeing  negro 
placed  above  their  heads,  239;  love  for  A., 


1064 


INDEX. 


244;  246;  249;  petit.  Cong,  for  worn,  suff., 
250;  urges  women  to  work  for  suff.,  251; 
253 ;  sounds  alarm  when  men  show  signs 
of  treachery,  256;  eloquent  demand  for 
worn,  suff.,  257 ;  259;  last  moments  of  con., 
260;  influenced  by  eloquence  of  Phillips 
and  Tilton  but  repudiates  it,  261 ;  easily 
psychologized,  262;  compliments  Demo¬ 
crats,  263;  ridiculed  by  N.  Y.  World,  264; 
265;  will  sign  every  petit,  if  necessary, 
scores  “old  guard,”  268;  protests  agnst. 
negro’s  receiv.  rights  denied  women,  269; 
comes  to  meetings  rested  and  refreshed, 
ad.  joint  corns,  of  N.  Y.  legis.  on  new  con- 
stit.,  273 ;  memorial  to  Cong.,  277;  before 
N.  Y.  Consti.  Con.,  278;  279;  encounter  with 
Greeley,  name  forbidden  in  Tribune,  280; 
282;  goes  into  Kansas  campn.,  283;  un¬ 
pleasant  nights,  284 ;  homage  for  her  tal¬ 
ents,  285 ;  tour  of  Kan.  with  ex-Gov.  Rob¬ 
inson,  286 ;  invite's  Train  to  assist,  287 ;  290 ; 
arranges  lect.  tour  with  Train,  at  polls,  291 ; 
praised  by  Leav.  Commercial,  292;  admira¬ 
tion  of  Mr.  Train,  defers  to  A.’s  Judgment, 
tour  with  A.  and  Train,  293;  censured  and 
repudiated  by  friends  for  alliance  with 
Train,  claims  right  to  accept  his  aid  for 
worn,  suff.,  294;  begins  The  Revolution, 
abuse  of  N.  Y.  Times,  295 ;  comment  N.  Y. 
Independent,  Cin’ti  Enquirer,  296 ;  descrip, 
of  Revolution,  worn,  have  lost  self-respect, 
297 ;  defends  The  Revolution,  298;  on  desire 
to  edit  paper,  299 ;  objects  to  treatment  by 
Equal  Rights  Assn.,  Revolution  an  individ. 
matter,  300 ;  described  by  Nellie  Hutchin¬ 
son,  302;  presides  at  Equal  Rights  Assn., 
303;  Blackwell  praises  work  in  Kan.,  inde¬ 
pendent  com.  formed,  304 ;  attends  Demo, 
mass  meet,  in  N.  Y.,  comment  of  Sun,  305; 
attends  Natl.  Demo.  Con.  in  Tammany  Hall, 
306 ;  finishes  home  at  Tenafly,  308 ;  309 ;  goes 
to  Gov.  Geary  in  behalf  of  Hester  Vaughan, 
310;  314;  western  tour,  315;  316;  almost 
alone  in  demanding  word  “sex”  in  Fif¬ 
teenth  Amend.,  318 ;  writes  old  friends  to 
ignore  the  past,  320 ;  presides  Equal 
Rights  Assn.,  322;  presides  Natl.  Suff. 
Assn.,  327;  328;  describes  Newport  con., 
329;  330;  forms  friendship  with  Mrs. 
Hooker,  332  ;  337;  ad.  Cong,  com.,  338; 
339;  described  by  Mary  Clemmer,  340  ;  343; 
344 ;  urges  union  of  suff.  orgz’tns  and  offers 
to  resign  oflice,  347 ;  forbids  use  of  name  for 
pres.,  women  protest,  at  Apollo  Hall  con., 
at  dissolut.  of  Equal  Rights  Assn.,  348  ;  349 ; 
mass  meeting  in  McFarland-Richardson 
case,  352;  beautiful  appearance,  353;  no 
salary  on  Revolution,  354 ;  objects  to  change 
name  of  Rev.,  “Rosebud”  will  not  answer, 
357  ;  358 ;  declines  to  serve  longer  as  editor, 


360 ;  urges  A.  to  roll  load  off  her  shoulders, 
361 ;  362 ;  366 ;  368 ;  work  in  1845,  called  first 
W.  R.  con.,  369;  wants  A.  for  pres,  of  assn, 
but  willing  to  exalt  Mrs.  Hooker,  371 ;  sends 
$100  to  Wash,  con.,  372;  bet.  two  fires,  374; 
answers  men  who  object  to  Mrs.  Woodhull, 
379 ;  no  faith  in  Repub.  party,  382 ;  supports 
Mrs  Woodhull,  383;  climn.  Natl,  com.,  384 ; 
starts  to  Calif.,  387 ;  bliss  in  marriage  if 
both  equals,  388;  first  sp.  in  San  Fr.,  visits 
Mrs.  Fair  in  jail,  390;  sympathizes  with  her, 
goes  to  Yosemite,  392 ;  can  not  mount  pony, 
hard  trip,  393  ;  396;  ad.  Sen.  com.,  410;  call 
for  forming  new  party,  413;  criticises  A., 
414;  let.  to  N.  Y.  World  urging  Demo,  to 
stand  by  women,  416;  let.  from  Cochran, 
418 ;  not  grateful  to  Repubs.,  “white  mules 
turn  long  ears,”  420;  spks.  on  Repub.  plat, 
in  N.  Y.,  422;  defends  A.  in  voting,  432;  434; 
annual  protest  agnst.  Wash,  con.,  467;  ob¬ 
jects  to  A.’s  lecture  on  Social  Purity,  468; 
opens  Centennial  headqrs.,  475;  prepares 
worn.  Dec.  of  Ind.,  476;  refused  permis.  to 
read  Dec.,  477 ;  evils  of  manhood  suff.,  479 ; 
begins  Hist,  of  Worn.  Suff.,  480;  at  Mrs.  Da¬ 
vis’  funeral,  481;  appeal  for  16th  Amend., 
483;  hates  lecturing,  thankful  for  abuse, 
friendship  for  A.,  488 ;  her  children’s  love  for 
A.,  489;  prayer-meet,  in  Cap.  at  Wash.,  494; 
495;  re-elect,  pres.  Natl.  Assn.,  496;  strong 
res.  at  Natl.  Con.,  499;  ad.  to  Pres.  Hayes, 
500  ;  507;  corres.  editor  Ballot-Box,  510; 
writes  res.  and  ad.,  516;  work  on  Hist.,  524; 
tries  to  vote,  525;  A.  compels  to  attend 
cons.,  pres,  at  Wash,  con.,  526;  eulogy  on 
Luc.  Mott,  527 ;  528 ;  valuable  work  on  Hist. 
Worn.  Suff.,  531 ;  present  is  time  to  write  his¬ 
tory,  532;  entertainment  by  Bird  Club,  Bos¬ 
ton,  534;  illness,  fears  of  not  finish,  history, 
537 ;  540 ;  541 ;  sails  for  Europe,  543 ;  always 
strength  to  A.,  544;  urges  A.  to  come  to 
Eng.,  546;  547;  549;  553;  calls  on  Channing 
in  Eng.,  554;  564;  spks.  at  Prince’s  Hall, 
565;  spks.  at  St.  James  Hall,  566;  advises 
suff.  for  married  women,  568;  Mrs.  Mc¬ 
Laren  appreciates,  569 ;  575 ;  576 ;  577  ;  con¬ 
fidence  of  Eng.  women,  579 ;  open  let.  on 
Douglass  marriage,  585 ;  prepares  natl,  con. 
report,  begins  work  on  Vol.  Ill  Hist,  of 
Worn.  Suff.,  592 ;  advises  women  to  work  for 
Rep.  party,  594;  res.  denounc.  dogmas  and 
creeds,  595 ;  rebukes  Rev.  Patton  for  sermon 
agnst.  woman  suff.,  upholds  A.’s  remarks, 
596;  work  on  Hist.  Worn.  Suff.,  599;  ease- 
loving  nature,  A.  urges  to  work,  Mrs. 
Sewall  pities,  “  exercises  by  lying  down,” 
600;  women  complain  of  use  of  “blue 
pencil,”  601;  70th  birthday,  “Pleasures 
of  old  age,”  let.  H.  Stanton  Blatch.,  602; 
[esthetic  cons.,  605 ;  revises  History  proofs, 


INDEX. 


1065 


sells  rights  to  A.,  fine  ability,  613;  adv.  A. 
to  burn  old  letters,  625;  advised  not  to 
take  presidency  united  assns.,  628 ;  629 ;  will¬ 
ing  to  decline,  but  lets,  insist  she  shall  take 
presidency,  630;  A.  spks.  in  her  favor,  631; 
elect,  pres.,  632 ;  633 ;  friendship  for  A.,  com¬ 
ing  back  to  Amer.  to  do  best  work,  635; 
dreads  ocean  trip,  can  not  come  to  Council, 
A.  brings  her  and  shuts  her  up  to  write  sp., 
636;  at  recep.  for  Worn.  Council,  637;  trib. 
of  Fr.  Willard,  638;  ad.  Sen.  com.,  640;  642; 
654 ;  659 ;  664 ;  looks  like  Lord  Chief.  Just.,  665 ; 
response  at  A.’s  birthday  banq.,  thorn  in 
side,  meets  A.  in  London,  oblig.  to  her,  667  ; 
inspiration  to  A.,  668 ;  A.  will  have  her  under 
thumb,  ad.  Cong.  Corns.,  presides  Natl.  Am. 
Assn.,  674 ;  honored  to  go  abroad  as  its  rep¬ 
resent.,  farewell,  675;  The  Matriarchate, 
702 ;  703 ;  re-elect,  pres.  natl.  assn.,  704 ;  keep 
home  and  be  cremat.  in  own  oven,  707 ;  re¬ 
turns  to  Amer.,  A.  urges  to  make  home  with 
her  and  prepare  writings  for  posterity, 
712;  goes  for  month’s  visit  to  A.,  sits  for 
bust  by  Ad.  Johnson,  sp.  in  favor  opening 
Roch.  Univers.  to  women,  cartoon  in  Utica 
paper,  713 ;  settled  in  N.  Y.,  children  urge  to 
give  up  work,  paper  on  Solitude  of  Self, 
ovation  at  con. ;  begs  scepter  be  transfer,  to 
A.,  elect,  hon.  pres.  natl.  assn.,  last  app.  at 
Wash,  con.,  717;  ad.  Cong.  Corns.,  recep.  in 
Wash.,  718;  719;  729;  trib.  to  disting,  dead, 
737 ;  natl.  com.  sends  greet,  to,  739 ;  paper  for 
Educat.  Cong.  World’s  Fair,  751 ;  ad.  to  N.  Y. 
women  contrib.  to  Sun,  763 ;  prep,  call  for 
natl.  con.,  801;  cosy  home,  802;  thanks  A. 
for  read,  her  papers,  811 ;  memorial  to  Fred. 
Douglass,  814 ;  A.  visits  to  tell  about  cons., 
etc.,  815 ;  portrait  at  Utah  Con.,  825 ;  let.  sym¬ 
pathy  to  A.,  842 ;  80th  birthday,  845 ;  all  worn, 
shd.  pay  tribute,  846 ;  birthday  sp..  847  ;  mag- 
nific.  f6te,  Tilton’s  testimonial,  848 ;  recep. 
by  Mrs.  H.  Villard,  birthday  celebrat.  in 
Roch.,  849;  extolled  by  Sen.  Stanford,  851 ; 
prepares  Woman’s  Bible,  res.  agnst.  introd. 
in  natl.  suff.  con.,  852;  always  announc.  to 
be  her  individ.  work,  853 ;  always  in  advance 
of  times,  A.  defends  her,  854 ;  urges  that  she 
and  A.  resign  office,  855 ;  A.  tells  her  she  is 
talking  down  to  people  in  her  Bible  com¬ 
mentary,  856 ;  and  says  suff.  wd.  take  women 
out  of  relig.  bigotry,  urges  not  to  send  Bible 
literature  to  Calif.,  857  ;  women  only  class 
left  to  fight  battles  alone,  879 ;  A.  wishes  she 
were  young  and  strong,  880  ;  896 ;  915  ;  at  Mrs. 
Osborne’s,  917  ;  A.  writes  of  Mrs.  Besant  and 
Theosophy,  918 ;  at  Geneva,  927 ;  pict.  in  An¬ 
thony  parlor,  934;  A.’s  magnanimity,  hon¬ 
esty,  heroism,  tenderness,  “to  be  wedded  to 
an  idea  may  be  holiest  and  happiest  of  mar¬ 
riages,”  dedicates  Reminiscences,  951;  to 


“my  steadfast  friend.,”  952 ;  ad.  to  Pres.Lin- 
coln,  “free  women  as  you  have  slaves,”  957 ; 
ad.  to  Cong.,  eloquent  demand  for  woman’s 
enfranchisement,  968;  birthday  gift  to  A., 
976;  Repubs,  will  lose  power  to  protect 
black  men  in  right  to  vote,  1016. 

Stanton,  Me.  and  Mbs.  Geeeit,  654. 

Stanton,  Habriot,  (See  Blatch). 

Stanton,  Henry  B.,  on  condition  of  country, 
urges  A.  to  gird  on  armor,  226. 

Stanton,  Mrs.  Henry  B.,  Greeley’s  revenge, 
280;  972. 

Stanton,  Theodore  and  Marguerite,  532 ; 
take  A.  to  Chamber  of  Deputies,  to  St. 
Cloud,  to  station,  561. 

Starrett,  Helen  Erin,  compares  A.  and 
Mrs.  S.  when  in  Kan.,  273;  how  A.  won  all 
hearts,  285 ;  287. 

Starrett,  Rev.  Wm.,  287. 

Stearns,  Judge  J.  B.,  introd.  A.,  656;  902. 

Stearns,  Sarah  Burger,  656. 

Stebbins,  Giles  and  Catharine  F.,  old 
friends  of  A.,  658;  visit  A.,  711 ;  golden  wed., 
896. 

Stebbins,  Rev.  H.  H.,  for  worn,  suff.,  762. 

Stebbins,  Dr.  Horatio,  830. 

Stephens,  Prof.  Kate,  in  Germany,  560. 

Stetson,  Charlotte  Perkins,  opp.  res. 
agnst.  Worn.  Bible,  854 ;  visits  A.  and  spks. 
in  Rochester,  901. 

Stern,  Judge,  ad.  worn.  suff.  con.,  762. 

Stevens,  Thaddeus,  tries  to  have  women  in¬ 
cluded  in  Amend.  XIV,  250;  bids  women 
stand  aside  for  negro,  267 ;  318 ;  elective 
franchise  inalienable  right,  979;  Amend¬ 
ment  XIV,  1016. 

Stevenson,  Dr.  Sarah  Hackett,  at  Fed. 
Clubs,  720 ;  let.  from  A.  on  maternity  hos¬ 
pital,  843. 

Stillman,  Jas.  W.,  350. 

Stewart,  Sen.  Wm.,  favors  worn,  suff.,  500. 

Stocker,  Alice  M.,  Calif.  Dem.  Con.,  872. 

Stone,  Lucinda  Hinsdale,  379. 

Stone,  Lucy,  first  meets  A.,  64;  unjust  laws 
for  women,  73 ;  does  not  favor  Maine  law, 
81 ;  87 ;  90 ;  on  divorce,  93 ;  assists  Whole 
World  Temp.  Con.,  96;  commends  A., 
praises  Channing,  111;  writes  A.  regard¬ 
ing  Bloomers,  115;  defends  costume,  but 
abandons  it,  116 ;  marries,  128 ;  playful  let¬ 
ter  on  marriage,  130;  will  retire  from  pub¬ 
lic  work,  135 ;  139 ;  encourages  A.  to  speak 
in  public,  145;  shows  legal  posit,  of  women, 
has  faith  in  A.,  146;  pres.  N.  Y.  con.,  147; 
sympathetic  let.,  151;  care  of  children,  162; 
trustee  of  Jackson  fund,  165;  wd.  use  Ho- 
vey  fund  for  test  cases,  171 ;  185 ;  opp.  di¬ 
vorce  res.,  195;  pres.  Loyal  League  meet., 
229;  234;  petit,  for  Cong,  action,  250  ;  253; 
favors  union  of  A.  S.  and  W.  R.  Soc.,  256; 


1066 


INDEX. 


abused  by  N.  Y.  World,  264 ;  campn.  in  Kan., 
money  from  Jackson  fund  for  it,  treachery 
of  Repub.  Com.,  censures  Tribune  and  In¬ 
dependent,  275 ;  281 ;  wants  Mrs.  Stn.  to  edit 
paper,  299 ;  A.  desires  her  to  edit  paper,  300 ; 
303;  Repub.  party  false  unless  it  protects 
woman,  304;  repudiates  “free  love”  res., 
325;  328;  chmn.  ex.  com.  Am.  Suff.  Assn., 
329 ;  for  dissolution  of  E.  R.  Assn.,  349 ;  asst, 
ed.  Worn.  Jour.,  361;  early  work,  369;  asks 
A.’s  attitude  toward  parties,  497 ;  Eddy 
legacy,  539 ;  540 ;  on  com.  for  union  of  two 
assns.,  627 ;  meets  A.  in  Boston,  submits 
plan,  628;  appoints  conf.  com.,  629;  630; 
chmn.  ex.  com.  united  assns.,  632;  634;  at 
recep.  for  Worn.  Council,  637 ;  trib.  of  Fr. 
Willard,  638 ;  let.  on  A.  birthday,  668 ;  let. 
greet.  Natl.  Am.  Con.,  675;  authoriz.  A.  to 
sign  name,  676 ;  requests  women  celebrate 
admiss.  Wyoming,  699;  invites  A.  to  Mass, 
suff.  annivers.,  sympathizes  with  illness, 
701 ;  at  Worn.  Council,  had  stood  beside  A. 
on  many  a  battlefield,  703;  hon.  pres.  Natl. 
Am.  Assn.,  717 ;  at  recep.  in  Wash.,  718 ;  729 ; 
last  let.  to  natl.  con.,  greeting  sent  her, 
738;  memorial  serv.  at  Wash,  con.,  756;  935. 

Storks,  Wm.  C.,  U.  S.  Commissr.,  426;  exam¬ 
ines  A.  for  having  voted,  427. 

Stout,  Ira,  164. 

Stowe,  Calvin  E.,  endorses  worn,  suff.,  284. 

Stowe,  Dr.  Emily  H.,  658. 

Stowe,  Harriet  Beecher,  will  help  Revo¬ 
lution,  356;  gives  name  as  ed.,  later  de¬ 
clines,  358;  360;  548;  902;  935. 

Stratton,  Sen.  and  Mrs.  Fred.,  entertain 
A.,  877. 

Strong,  Harriet  R.,  832. 

Studwell,  Edwin  A.,  349  ;  368. 

Studwell,  Mrs.  Edwin  A.,  349. 

Sullivan,  Isaac  N.,  Sup.  Judge ,  Idaho,  de¬ 
cides  in  favor  worn,  suff.,  919. 

Sullivan,  Margaret  B.,  on  shipboard  with 
A.,  579. 

Sumner,  Chas.,  work  for  emancip.,  226;  pre¬ 
sents  petit,  for  emancip.  in  Senate,  235; 
writes  A.  must  “blast  idea  of  property  in 
man,”  236;  acknowl.  indebtedness  to  A., 
238;  efforts  to  omit  “male”  in  Amend.  XIV, 
256;  L.  M.  Child’s  petit,  “inopportune,” 
265;  concedes  right  to  disfranchise  tax¬ 
payers,  269;  bids  women  stand  aside,  300; 
317 ;  interested  in  suff.  hearing,  339  ;  373 ; 
did  not  realize  women  felt  degredat.  of  dis¬ 
franchise,  411;  never  a  public  word  for 
woman,  456;  ext.  from  great  sp.,  968;  all 
citizens  entitled  to  equal  rights,  979;  no 
doubt  but  women  have  constit.  right  to 
vote,  981;  1014;  negro  enfranchisement, 
1015 ;  wrote  19  pp.  foolscap  to  keep  “male” 
out  of  Amend.  XIV,  1016. 


Sunderland,  Rev.  Byron  S.,  attacks  W.  R. 
women,  79. 

Sutro,  Mayor  Adolph,  welcomes  Worn. 
Cong.,  San  Fr.,  827. 

Sweet,  Ada  C.,  607. 

Sweet,  Emma  B.,  priv.  sec.  to  A.,  843;  goes 
with  her  to  Calif.,  862;  in  the  campn.,  892. 

Swift,  John  F.,  892. 

Swift,  Mary  Wood,  on  Calif,  worn.  suff. 
campn.  corns.,  863;  at  Repub.  St.  Con.,  869; 
pres.  Century  Club,  entertains  A.,  876;  elect, 
pres.  Calif.  Suff.  Assn.,  892;  valuable  ser¬ 
vices,  893. 

Swift,  Richard  L.,  mob  at  A.  S.  meet.,  209. 

Swing,  David,  quotation  from,  667. 

Taft,  Lorado,  bust  of  A.,  sex  nothing  to  do 
with  art,  721;  Miss  Willard’s  compli.  722. 

Taney,  Chief  Justice  Roger  B.,  decision  in 
Dred  Scott  case,  454;  citizens  those  who 
conduct  govt,  through  representatives,  984 ; 
infamous  decision,  985. 

Tanner,  Mary  Priestman,  576 ;  577. 

Taylor,  Alberta  Chapman,  810. 

Taylor,  Ezra  B.,  M.  C.,  rep.  in  favor  worn, 
suff.,  590 ;  conducts  fight  for  worn,  suff.,  607 ; 
651 ;  secures  Cong.  rep.  in  favor  worn,  suff., 
699 ;  gives  credit  to  Mrs.  Upton,  700 ;  705. 

Taylor,  Helen,  337 ;  565 ;  577. 

Taylor,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lansing  G.,  A.  teaches 
in  family  of,  44. 

Taylor,  Meneia  (Mrs.  Peter),  555;  577. 

Taylor,  Hon.  T.  T.,  introd.  munic.wom.  suff. 
bill  in  Kan.  legis.,  611. 

Teller,  Senator  Henry  M.,ad.suff.con.,  756. 

Teller,  Mrs.  Henry  M.,  at  Wash,  con.,  851. 

Terry,  Ellen,  A.  hears,  555. 

Thacher,  Mayor  Geo.  H.,  declares  for  free 
speech,  211 ;  protects  Garrison  meet., 212 ;  733. 

Thacher,  John  Boyd,  asks  record  of  father, 
fails  to  put  suff.  worn,  on  N.  Y.  Board  Lady 
Manag.,  733. 

Thatcher,  Judge,  287. 

Thayer,  John  M.,  ad.  on  Mary  Anthony’s 
birthday,  916;  poem  to  A.  at  Berkshire  Hist, 
meet.,  944;  ad.  on  A.’s  birthday,  860. 

Thomas,  Rev.  H.  W.,  introd.  A.  in  Chicago, 
617 ;  her  great  heart  like  Christ,  805 ;  trib.  to 
A.  “saint  of  liberty,”  900;  introd.  A.  at  Lib. 
Cong.  Relig.  Nashville,  928. 

Thomas,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  W.,  recep.  to 
Worn.  Council,  928. 

Thomas,  M.  Louise,  511;  550;  treas.  Natl. 
Council,  639 ;  A.  visits,  654. 

Thomas,  Mary  F.,  629. 

Thomasson,  Mrs.  J.  P.,  563;  recep.  for  A.  and 
Mrs.  Stn.,  565;  567. 

Thompson,  Elizabeth,  gives  A.  $1,000  for 
History,  524;  pres.  Art.  Assn,  desiring  to 
make  A.’s  statute,  734. 


INDEX. 


1067 


Thompson,  Geo.,  63 ;  encourages  Worn.  Loyal 
League,  233 ;  spks.  at  first  annivers.  237 ; 
rebukes  America  for  slavery,  996. 
Thomson,  Adeline,  first  meets  A.,  122;  327; 
527 ;  538 ;  present  to  A.,  549 ;  550 ;  entertains 
A.  at  Cape  May,  624;  love  for  A.,  651 ;  gift  to 
A.,  741 ;  death,  gives  A.  $1,000,  814. 

Thomson,  Annie,  first  meets  A.,  122;  527; 
present  to  A.,  549 ;  814. 

Thurman,  Senator  Allen  G.,  insults  worn, 
petit.,  485 ;  486. 

Thurston,  Sarah  A.,  on  Kan.  worn.  suff. 

com.,  781. 

Tiffany  &  Co.,  278. 

Tilton,  Eliz.  R.,  funeral  of  baby,  308  ;  346; 
demure,  motherly,  sweetness  needed,  357; 
selects  poetry  for  Rev.,  359;  360;  during 
Beecher-Tilton  trouble,  461 ;  beautiful  char¬ 
acter,  not  wicked,  463 ;  love  and  veneration 
for  pastor,  464  ;  born  into  Plymouth  church, 
pitiable  condition,  crushed,  465 ;  let.  to  A. 
on  50th  birthday,  975 ;  gift,  976. 

Tilton,  Theodore,  “noise-making  twain,” 
A.  and  Mrs.  Stn.,  188;  gets  Beecher’s  sp.  in 
Independent,  192;  A.’s  “sphere,”  217;  on 
Emancip.  Proclam.,  millenium  on  the  way, 
225 ;  announces  birth  of  son,  232 ;  supports 
A.’s  plan,  proposes  E.  R.  Assn.,  strong  ed.  in 
N.  Y.  Independent,  252 ;  favors  union  of  A. 
S.  and  W.  R.  Soc.,  256;  259;  260;  argues 
agnst.  trying  to  strike  “male”  from  N.  Y. 
constit.,  261 ;  264;  270;  refuses  to  champion 
worn.  suff.  in  1867,  281 ;  290 ;  res.  to  send  A. 
to  Natl.  Demo.  Con.,  305;  deserts  worn, 
suff.  for  negro  suff.,  317 ;  worn.  suff.  pre¬ 
sented  as  “intellect,  theory,”  323;  tries  to 
unite  suff.  assns.,  346;  made  pres.  Union 
Society,  348;  349;  sends  com.  to  Am.  Suff. 
Assn,  proposing  union,  350;  357;  assists 
Mrs.  Bullard  in  ed.  Rev.,  361 ;  368 ;  at  Lib. 
Repub.  Con.,  415;  derides  women,  419;  A.’s 
affection  for,  463 ;  brilliant  and  attractive, 
Beecher’s  love  for,  464;  respect  for  wife, 
465;  testimonial  to  A.  and  Mrs.  Stn.,  848; 
let.  on  A.’s  50th  birthday,  975 ;  gift,  976. 

Tod,  Isabella  M.  S.,  entertains  A.,  572;  573. 
Towns,  MiraBEAu  L.,  has  ad.  on  worn.  suff. 
printed,  768. 

Townsend,  Harriet  A.,  741. 

Townsend,  S.  P.,  arranges  temp.  meet,  for 
A.  and  others,  83. 

Tourgee,  Albion  W.,  754. 

Train,  Geo.  Francis,  offers  assist,  to  worn, 
suff.  campn.  in  Kan.,  286 ;  first  sp.  at  Leav., 
287 ;  obj.  to  hard  route,  says  A.  knows  how 
to  make  man  ashamed,  speaking  tour,  288 ; 
dons  evening  dress  before  speaking,  attacks 
Gen.  Blunt,  advice  to  sick  people,  289 ;  will 
furnish  money  for  worn.  suff.  paper,  A. 
proprietor,  praised  by  D.  R.  Anthony,  290 ; 


fails  to  reach  Atchison,  makes  final  arrange, 
with  A.  at  St.  Joe  for  paper  and  lect.  trip, 
291 ;  method  of  speaking,  personal  descript., 
292 ;  pays  all  expenses  for  lect.  tour  of  him¬ 
self,  A.  and  Mrs.  Stn.,  293 ;  scored  by  suff. 
advocates,  294;  furnishes  funds  for  The 
Revolution  and  reserves  space  for  his  own 
opinions,  295;  comment  N.  Y.  Independ., 
296 ;  defended  by  Mrs.  Stn.,  297 ;  goes  abroad, 
is  put  into  Dublin  jail,  298;  not  able  to 
meet  all  financ.  obligat.  to  Rev.,  299 ;  301 ; 
308;  withdraws  from  paper,  319;  put  in 
$3,000,354;  408. 

Trall,  Dr.,  88. 

Tremaine,  Lyman,  rep.  agnst.  A.’s  appeal 
for  remission  of  fine,  shows  ignorance  of 
matter,  450. 

Truesdale,  Sarah,  registers  and  votes,  424. 

Truman,  Commissioner,  597. 

Trumbull,  Senator  Lyman,  410. 

Truth,  Sojourner,  at  W.  R.  con.,  103. 

Trygg,  Alli,  ad.  Senate  Com.,  640. 

Tucker,  Gideon  J..  for  worn,  suff.,  767. 

Tucker,  John  Randolph,  M.  C.,  opp.  worn, 
suff.,  590;  rep.  agnst.  worn,  suff.,  607. 

Tudor,  Mrs.  Fenno,  534. 

Tupper,  Rev.  Mila  (Maynard),  at  Wash. 
Worn.  Council,  702 ;  in  Calif,  campn,  875. 

Turner,  Bishop  Henry  M.,  favors  worn,  suff., 
588;  spks.  with  A.,  812. 

Tuttle,  Rev.  J.  H.,  165. 

Tyng,  Rev.  Stephen  H.,  233. 

Underwood,  Judge,  women  have  right  to 
vote,  985. 

Upton,  Harriet  Taylor,  652;  influ.  Cong. 
Com.  report,  700  ;  705;  812;  820;  on  Worn. 
Bible  res.,  856 ;  at  Anthony  homestead,  940 ; 
at  Berkshire  Hist.  Meet.,  943. 

Vail,  Moses,  teaches  A.  algebra,  43. 

Van  Buren,  Martin,  at  Tarry  town,  New 
York,  his  habits,  ^1 ;  at  Saratoga,  42 ;  urged 
ballot  for  workingmen,  998. 

Vance,  Senator  Zebulon  B.,  rep.  agnst. 
worn,  suff.,  718. 

Van  Dyck,  Henry  H.,  St.  Supt.,  opposes  co¬ 
education,  156. 

Van  Pelt,  Ada,  826. 

Van  Voorhis,  John,  M.  C.,  retained  in  A.’s 
case,  428 ;  shows  mistake  of  giving  bail,  433 ; 
defends  her  in  trial  at  Canandaigua,  436; 
defends  inspectors,  refused  permiss.  to  ad. 
jury,  opinion  of  case  after  24  years,  444; 
trib.  to  Judge  Selden,  445;  prepares  appeal 
to  Cong.,  declares  trial  by  jury  annihilated, 
449;  favors  worn,  suff.,  543. 

Vaughan,  Hester,  accused  of  murdering 
child,  309;  pardoned  and  sent  back  to 
Eng.,  310. 


1068 


INDEX. 


Vaughn,  Mary  C.,  pres.  temp,  meet.,  65 ;  82 ;  95. 

Vest,  George  G.,  Senator,  opposes  com.  on 
worn,  rights,  540;  speech  in  opp.  to  worn, 
suff.,  619;  harrowing  picture,  too  much 
“gush,”  620. 

Vibbert,  George  H.,  328. 

Villard,  Mrs.  Henry,  daught.  W.  L.  Garri¬ 
son,  recep.  to  A.  and  Mrs.  Stn.,  849. 

Vincent,  John  H.,  learn  law  of  love  from 
God’s  women,  708;  invites  A.  to  Chautau¬ 
qua,  727. 

Vosburg,  Mrs.  J.  R.,  stands  by  A.  in  Teach. 
Con.,  100. 

Vrooman,  Mrs.  Henry,  entertains  A.,  877. 

Wade,  Senator  Benjamin  F.,  encourages 
Worn.  Loyal  League,  2:33;  argues  for  worn, 
suff.,  266;  317. 

Wadleigh,  Senator  Ba  inbridge,  insults 
worn,  petit.,  485;  opp.  worn,  suff.,  scored  by 
Mary  Clemmer,  501. 

Wagener,  Mr.,  agnst.  worn,  suff,  pi.  in  Kan. 
Repub.  plat.,  780. 

Wagner,  Silas  J.,  advises  inspect,  not  to 
register  women,  426. 

Wait,  Anna  C.,  in  Kan.  campn.,  609. 

Waite,  Judge  C.  B.,  315 ;  compli.  Hist.  Worn. 
Suff.,  531. 

Waite,  Chief-Justice  Morrison  R.,  decides 
agnst.  woman’s  right  to  vote  under  Amend. 
XIV,  453. 

Waite,  Mrs.  Morrison  R.,  recep.  to  A.  in 
Wash.,  739. 

Walker,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  T.  B.,  entertain  A., 
723. 

Wallace,  Celia  Whipple,  641. 

Wallace,  Zerelda  G.,  ad.  Cong,  com.,  511; 
trib.  to  A.,  “Christ-like,”  535;  617;  pres, 
petit,  for  worn,  suff.,  620;  626;  let.  urg.  A. 
for.  pres,  united  assns.,  631 ;  652 ;  will  work 
in  S.  Dak.  only  under  A.’s  direction,  683; 
detained  by  illness,  apprecia.  of  A.,  685; 
708 ;  at  Chautauqua,  709 ;  at  Mrs.  Sewall’s 
with  A.,  904. 

Wallis,  Judge  and  Sarah  B.,  405. 

Walters,  Bishop,  favors  worn,  suff.,  588. 

Walworth,  Rev.  Clarence  A.,  ad.  N.  Y. 
Constit.  Con.  in  opp.  to  worn,  suff.,  769;  770. 

Washington,  Booker,  A.  spks.  with  for  Tus- 
keegee  Instit.,  914. 

Washington,  Assoc.-Just.  Bushrod,  citizens 
have  right  to  franchise  and  office,  984 ;  986. 

Washington,  George,  805 ;  900. 

Wasson,  Rev.  D.  A.,  sermons  and  presence 
inspire  A.,  133 

Watkins,  Letitia  V.,  canvasses  Kan.,  625. 

Watson,  Elizabeth  Lowe,  405 ;  entertains 
A,  831. 

Watterson,  Henry,  favors  worn.  suff.  519; 
725. 

Wattles,  Susan  E.,  suff.  work  in  Kan.,  178. 


Ward,  Eliza  T.,  632. 

Wardall,  Popu.  Chmn.,  in  Calif,  campn., 

883. 

Wardall,  Alonzo,  inv.  A.  to  S.  Dak.,  657 ; 
pres,  claims  of  State  at  Wash,  con.,  675; 
urges  A.  to  come  S.  Dak.,  679;  at  Minneap., 
pledges  A.  supp.  of  Farm,  Alii,  for  worn, 
suff.,  684;  at  Kan.  Popu.  Con.,  790. 

Wardall,  Elizabeth  M.,  let.  to  A.,  679; 
campn.  report,  694 ;  A.  sends  $100,  695. 

Warner,  Sen.  Willard,  presides  at  worn, 
suff.  con.,  377. 

Warner,  Chas.  Dudley,  praises  A.,  334. 

Warner,  Daniel  J.,  advises  women  to  be 
registered,  426. 

Warren,  Sen.  Francis  E.,  working  of  worn, 
suff.  in  Wy.,  716;  fav.  com.  rep.  on  worn, 
suff.,  718;  823. 

Warren,  Mrs.  Francis  E.,  823. 

Warren,  Bishop  Henry  W,,  favors  worn, 
suff.,  588. 

Way,  Rev.  Amanda  M.,  328. 

Waymire,  Judge  and  Mrs.  J.  A.,  entertain 
A.,  877. 

Webb,  Alfred,  572 ;  575. 

Webb,  Richard  D.,  572. 

Webb,  Thomas,  575. 

Webster,  Daniel,  593. 

Webster,  Prof.  Helen  L.,  wants  Worn. 
Suff.  Hist,  for  Wellesley,  754. 

Weed,  Thurlow,  assists  temp,  women,  65 ; 
329. 

Weld,  Angelina  Grimke,  73;  spks.  for 
Loyal  League,  227 ;  for  worn,  suff.,  229 ;  early 
work,  369. 

Weld,  Theodore  D.,  233. 

Wellman,  Alice  H.,  entertains  A.,  877. 

Wells,  Mayor  (Salt  Lake),  388. 

Wells,  Emmeline  B.,  pres.  Utah  assn.,  825; 
at  natl.  suff.  con.,  902. 

Wells,  Ida  B.,  lect.  in  Roch.,  interrupt,  by 
theolog.  stu.,  A.  comes  to  defense,  takes  her 
home,  815 ;  stenographer  refuses  to  work 
for  her,  816. 

Wellstood,  Jessie  M.,  568. 

Wentworth,  “  Long  John,”  468. 

West,  Governor  (Utah),  recep.  to  A.,  825. 

Whaley,  J.  C.  C.,  307. 

V'  heeler,  Vice-Pres.  William  A.,  presents 
worn,  petit.,  500. 

Whelpley,  A.  W.,  arrang.  lect.  for  A.,  648. 

Whipple,  Rev.  A.  B.,  invites  A.  to  annual 
meet.  Berkshire  Hist.  Soc.,  940;  places 
meet,  in  her  charge,  942. 

Whipple,  Edwin  P.,  lectures  for  Loyal 
League,  233. 

White,  Pres.  Andrew  D.,  compli.  Hist. 
Worn.  Suff.,  531 ;  wife  one  of  A.’s  kind,  850. 

White,  Armenia  S.,  urges  A.  to  visit  her  702 ; 

895. 


INDEX. 


1069 


White,  Betsey  Dunnell,  A.’s  aunt,  talks 
politics,  57. 

White,  John  D.,  M.  C.,  champions  worn, 
rights  com.,  540;  rep.  in  favor  worn,  suff., 
543;  tries  to  get  worn.  suff.  com.,  585. 

White,  Mbs.  Lovell,  arrang.  trip  for  A.  to 
Mt.  Tamalpais,  877. 

Wthite,  Philip  S.,  60. 

Whiting,  John  H.,  676. 

Whiting,  Lillian,  trib.  to  A.,  672;  673. 

Whiting,  Me.  and  Mrs.  Wm.,  A.  visits,  705. 

Whitney,  Bishop,  824. 

Whitney,  Adeline  D.  T,,  opp.wom.  suff.,  620. 

Whittier,  John  G.,  A.  calls  on,  525 ;  let.  on 
A.’s  birthday,  669;  death,  737. 

Whittle,  Dr.  Ewing,  recep.  to  A.  and  Mrs. 
Stn.,  579. 

Whyte,  Senator  Pinkney,  485. 

Wilberforce,  Canon,  A.  hears  on  temp.,  567. 

Wilbour,  Charlotte  B.,  234 ;  327 ;  ad.  Wash, 
con.,  337 ;  arrang.  50th  birthday  recep.  for 
A.,  341;  349;  for  union  of  two  suff.  assns., 
350 ;  368 ;  561. 

Wilbur,  Julia  A.,  stands  by  A.  in  Teach. 
Con.,  155. 

Wilcox,  Birdseye,  heads  pro-slavery  mob, 
208. 

Wilde,  Lady,  565. 

Wilder,  Mayor  Carter,  pres.  Repub.  meet., 
422 ;  friendship  for  A.,  615. 

Wilder,  D.  Webster,  praises  Hist.  Worn. 
Suff.  and  A.,  615. 

Wilder,  Samuel,  friendship  for  A.,  615. 

Wigham,  Eliza,  568;  570. 

Wigham,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry,  572. 

Wigham,  Jane  Smeale,  570. 

Wilkes,  Rev.  Eliza  Tupper,  831. 

Willcox,  Albert  O.,  676. 

Willcox,  Hamilton,  313. 

Willard,  Frances  E.,  asks  A.  to  sit  on  plat, 
at  lect.  in  Roch.,  472 ;  496 ;  A.  does  not  coin¬ 
cide  with  views,  505 ;  has  lever  but  no  ful¬ 
crum,  506  ;  511 ;  introd.  A.  at  Natl.  W.  C.  T. 
U.  con.  in  Wash.,  537 ;  favors  State  rights 
on  suff.  ques.,  A.  criticises  and  tells  her 
Prohib.  party  will  throw  worn.  suff.  over¬ 
board,  prophecy  fulfilled,  594 ;  A.  visits,  609 ; 
corres.  with  A.  regard,  suff.  plank  in  Prohib. 
plat.,  622  ;  631 ;  sp.  and  let.  about  A.  at  Worn. 
Council,  638;  presents  constit.  for  Councils 
of  Women,  639 ;  ad.  Sen.  com.,  presides  Cen¬ 
tral  Music  Hall,  Chicago,  640;  let.  on  A.’s 
birthday,  669;  685;  presides  trienni.  meet. 
Woman’s  Council,  introd.  A.  as  one  of 
double  stars,  702 ;  suff.  day  at  Chautauqua, 
709 ;  at  Fed.  Clubs,  720 ;  urges  A.  to  visit  her 
and  have  bust  made  by  L.  Taft ;  “worn.  wd. 
not  allow  male  grasshop.  on  lawn,”  721; 
will  have  A.’s  bust  in  Senate  and  White 
House,  one  man  has  seen  her  great  soul,  722 ; 


describes  A.  at  two  natL  polit.  cons., 
‘‘such  souls  meet  God,”  725 ;  farewell  teleg. 
to  A.,  729;  delight  over  A.’s  laurels  at 
World’s  Fair,  Lady  Henry’s  compli.,  747 ;  in 
Twilight  Park,  773;  at  Repub.  con.,  Sara¬ 
toga,  describes  A.  before  res.  com.,  774 ;  cen¬ 
tury’s  foremost  figure,  775 ;  introd.  A.  to  W.C. 
T.  U.  gospel  meet.,  Cleveland,  as  ordained 
of  God,  declares  for  worn,  suff.,  800;  A.  begs 
to  withdraw  W.  C.  T.  U.  con.  from  Calif., 
857 ;  A.  repeats  the  entreaty,  881 ;  accedes  to 
request,  882 ;  depart,  for  Europe,  883;  sends 
tele,  of  greet,  on  A.’s  return  from  Calif.,  in¬ 
vites  her  to  sanitarium  in  Castile.,  901 ;  sends 
roses  for  A.’s  birthday,  906 ;  asks  A.  to  join 
in  protest  agnst.  yellow  journal,  and  prize 
fight.,  923;  when  she  refuses,  writes  affect, 
let.,  urges  to  come  to  World’s  and  Natl.  W. 
C.  T.  U.  Cons.,  924;  testimonial  to  A.’s  char¬ 
acter,  courage,  self-sacrifice,  integrity,  per¬ 
sonal  kindness,  in  next  world  women  will 
stand  on  plane  of  perfect  equality,  950. 

Willard,  Mary  B.,  let.  to  A.,  804. 

William,  Emperor,  559. 

Williams,  Harriet  W.,  400. 

Williams,  Mary  Hamilton,  434. 

Williams,  Sarah  L.,  editor  Ballot-Box,  509; 
510. 

Willis,  Sarah  L.,  birthday  gift  to  A.,  672; 
711 ;  contrib.  N.  Y.  suff.  campn.,  772;  806. 

Wilson,  Yice-Pres.  Henry,  acknowledges 
indebtedness  to  A.,  238 ;  wd.  keep  worn.  suff. 
separate  from  negro  suff.,  266;  bill  to  en¬ 
franchise  women  in  D.  C.,  311;  317;  spks. 
for  worn,  suff.,  322;  pres,  at  suff.  con.,  377 ; 
advocates  worn,  suff.,  417 ;  Repubs,  ought  to 
recognize  women,  418;  appreciates  A.’s  sug¬ 
gestions,  420 ;  454. 

Winchester,  Margaret  E.,  348 ;  349 ;  368. 

Windeyer,  Miss,  ad.  natl.  suff.  con.,  756. 

Wing,  Judge  Halsey,  44. 

Winslow,  Dr.  Caroline  B.,  902. 

Winter,  William,  pays  trib.  to  A.,  323. 

Wolf,  Hon.  Simon,  ad.  Wash.  suff.  con.,  756. 

WOLLSTONECRAFT,  MARY,  934. 

Wood,  Hon.  B.  R.,  opp.  worn,  delegates,  88. 

Wood,  Hon.  D.  P.,  advocates  worn,  rights,  109. 

Wood,  Dr.  Ruth  M.,  suff.  work  in  Leaven¬ 
worth,  609. 

Wood,  Samuel  N.,  urges  worn.  suff.  be  dis¬ 
cussed  in  Kan.,  274;  plans  meet.,  283  ;  287. 

Woodall,  Wm.,  M.  P.,  pres,  at  worn.  suff. 
meet.,  566;  amends  suff.  bill,  593. 

Woodruff,  President  (Utah),  825. 

Woodhull,  Victoria  C.,  goes  before  Cong. 
Com.  with  memorial,  fine  presence,  375 ; 
first  app.  on  suff.  plat.,  scene  described, 
376 ;  ‘‘veins  contain  ice, ”,377 ;  advent  creates 
commotion,  378 ;  vanquishes  Cath.  Beecher, 
defended  by  Mrs.  Stn.,  379;  at  suff.  con.  in 


1070 


INDEX. 


N.  Y.,  papers  use  this  as  reproach  to  move¬ 
ment,  makes  strong  argument,  383 ;  issues 
call  for  con.  to  form  new  party,  413 ;  tries 
to  secure  control  of  suff.  con.,  413;  414;  596. 

Woods,  Mrs.  M.  C.,  902. 

Worden,  Mrs.,  195 ;  249. 

Worthington,  Mrs.,  44. 

Wright,  Daniel,  teacher  of  A.,  35. 

Wright,  David,  at  worn.  temp,  meet.,  65. 

Wright,  Frances,  early  work,  369 ;  935. 

Wright,  Martha  C.,  sec.  worn,  rights’  con., 
72;  pres.  worn,  rights’  con.,  131;  Garrison, 
meet,  at  Albany,  212 ;  249 ;  260 ;  let.  of  friend¬ 
ship  to  A.,  301 ;  368 ;  called  first  W.  R.  Con., 
369 ;  sarcasm  regard.  Cath.  Beecher,  com¬ 
ments  on  Wash,  politicians,  372;  comforts 


A.,  415;  only  hope  for  suff.  movement  lies 
in  A.,  elected  pres,  of  assn.,  458 ;  death,  A.’s 
grief,  467 ;  917. 

Yates,  Edmund,  422. 

Yates,  Eliz.  Upham,  spks.  at  Atlanta  con., 
811 ;  favors  res.  agnst.  Worn.  Bible,  854 ;  in 
Calif,  campn.,  864;  at  Rep.  St.  Con.,  869; 
makes  100  speeches,  875. 

Young,  Prof.  C.  Howard,  920. 

Young,  John  Russell,  compli.  A.,  384. 

Young,  Virginia  D.,  757. 

Zahner,  Rev.  Louis,  pays  trib.  to  Anthony 
family,  942. 


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